USA > Wisconsin > Buffalo County > History of Buffalo County Wisconsin 10847607 > Part 5
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The only one of this class is the Bee. Bees are divided into domesticated and wild. To the domesticated kind belong also those swarms, which desert at swarming time and build their dwellings in hollow trees. The wild ones number many species among which the Bumble Bee is perhaps the most extensively known. All of them to enumerate would take too much time and space.
B. Insects useful by destroying noxious insects.
This is done either by catching and destroying these insects for food, as is done by the Spiders, or it is done by depositing eggs into the bodies of other insects, on which the larva from the egg will feed and destroy them. Such insects may be called useful parasites in distinction to other parasites, which are noxious, either by annoyance or destructiveness.
>>>Everybody knows the Spiders, but to distinguish the different species which are indigenous with us, may be left to future nat. uralists.
Among the Useful Parasites there are some wasps and some bees of lower order, and in some cases the ants may be considered as belonging to this class,
51
NATURAL HISTORY ..
NOXIOUS INSECTS.
Insects are noxious by reason of the annoyance which they cause, as for instance flies, mosquitoes and such, or by reason of their destructiveness, inflicting actual loss or damage to crops or other things. It is not very easy to say of some insects whether they are more annoying or more destructive, and not a few are both. Hence I think it will be best to enumerate the different kinds with short remarks.
Wasps and Hornets.
These are noxious by eating up grapes and probably other sweet berries and fruits. They are also very annoying by their sharp and poisonous stings. Although some of the numerous species are rather beneficial by the destruction of noxious insects, I think most of them must be considered as belonging to this class.
Mosquitoes.
Everybody is much more intimately acquainted with this singing and stinging little pest, than can be considered pleasant, and it is somewhat comforting to think that there is but one species of it in this part of the country.
Flies and Gnats.
By this combination I do not mean to indicate any scientific relationship between the two annoyances named, though probably everybody will admit a superficial similarity. Of both kinds we have not only a superabundant multitude, but also quite a num- ber of species.
Of flies we may enumerate the Housefly, the Meatfly or Blue Bottle, the Brown June fly or Deer fly, the Gadfly, etc.
Bugs and Beetles.
These two are here named together because they are very often mistaken or miscalled for each other. So, for instance, is the potato-bug unmistakably a beetle.
Of beetles we have a very great number of species some of which live in the water, others in the ground, others on trees and under their bark. Many of these kinds are probably neutral, that is neither beneficial nor noxious ; others like the ten-dotted Colorado beetle, alias potato-bug are very destructive on the leaves of plants in the larva state; others are destructive by their larva, boring in the wood and bark of trees, The larva of the May
52
.NATURAL HISTORY.
Beetle or June Bug is very destructive to the roots of vegetation in fields and gardens, but the insect is not so very numerous here. Of bugs we may mention the Chinch bug so enormously numer- ous and destructive to all kinds of grain, and many grasses; the Bed-Bug, a nauseous annoyance, of which there is also a super- fluity.
Butterflies.
The unsophisticated may resent it as a slander if they see these most beautiful creatures arranged among the noxious in- sects; but it is none the less true that they all lay eggs, and cater- pillars are hatched from these eggs, and these creatures are fear- fully destructive to everything of vegetable origin, especially in its green state. . After they have done the mischief they become "good," like some people, who are never so good as when they sleep. This transition state is called pupa. After it follows the "imago," the " true picture," in which most butterflies do nothing but lay their eggs, preparations for a. new series of the same old mischief. To begin enumeration of all kinds of butterflies is im- possible in this book.
Grasshoppers and Crickets.
Grasshoppers must live on something and hence, as they are not known to be of any visible use, we must put them down among destructive insects, though in our neighborhood the da- mage done by them is insignificant. The same is to be said of crickets. The field cricket has proved an annoyance to farmers by destroying the bands on the sheaves bound by harvester twine, thus causing much trouble and probably also loss.
Lice, Ticks, and Fleas.
They are here named together because they are parasites upon the body of living animals. Disgusting as the subject may be, we: must remark that these parasites change in their form, and nature according to their habitation, and as lice, for instance, are found upon men. quadrupeds and birds, there is a vast variety of them. This is analogous with ticks and fleas, but in our climate the tick is neither so numerous nor so- large and strong a . in warmer regions. The flea, though found upon dogs and perhaps other animals, has not yet infested the human species in this region ..
53
NATURAL HISTORY.
Mites and Weevils,
The very small insects which are destructive to many things, cause irritation of the skin, actual itch and mange are caused by mites. Weevils are destructive to seeds of all kinds. They are not always, but in some cases, so small as to be microscopic, like the mites.
Ants.
Naturalists distinguish a great many species and varieties of this very remarkable insect. It is my opinion that the most highly developed species are not indigenous here, there being in fact but few species present. Ants, may be, and are undoubtedly, useful in many ways, but they are an annoyance wherever they have taken up their residence in gardens or houses, and for that reason I have classed them among the noxious insects,
Parasites
of all kinds belong mostly to insects, but do not form a particular class of them. They belong to a great many classes or species and are only mentioned here to indicate that though they might form the objects of a separate study, they could not be made much of in this place.
CONCLUSION.
I am aware of the many objections to the mode in which in- sects have been treated here, and most of these objections I have already met in the introduction. Those, who wish for a more satisfactory instruction in this branch of Zoology are referred to the book " Insects at Home," and others. I would be glad to refer especially the young people to some expert in this branch, but I know not where to find one in this vicinity. Indeed there is pre- cious little of actual knowledge afloat among us on this and many another similar subject; there is no lack of hearsay evidence and some are adroit in arranging what they are not even superficially acquainted with, and think they understand arrangements or classi- fications made by others. We must leave them to their notions, but we will have a chance to discuss the matter under the head of "Education."
BOTANY.
In the following enumeration of indigenous plants I have en- deavored to accept only such as I have observed in this neighbor- hood or else thought very probable of occurring. I have given
54
NATURAL HISTORY.
the popular or vulgar name, as near as I was able to do so, but whether I was always correct in this, or whether the name given will be accepted in every locality, I cannot now assert. The names as well as any evidences of a probable occurrence of the plants in our vicinity I have taken from Wood's Class-Book of Botany, edition of 1856, and Gray's School and Field Book of Botany, edition of 1868, the arrangement being the same as in Vol. I, Geological Survey of Wisconsin, from page 377 to 395 incl. The names of families and genera of plants are given in Latin, for the purpose of assisting those who may have a desire for consult- ing the books mentioned, or some equivalent treatise. It was how- ever not deemed advisable to put in the names of species and varieties, as these could not be of any interest to the general reader, and could easily be found in books devoted to the subject by the curious and those especially interested.
In the appendix I have tried to give the best enumeration of cultivated plants separately. It is much to be regretted that bot- any is not a branch of instruction in the common schools, since it would not be so very difficult to make pupils acquainted with the general appearance of numerous plants, and afterwards to instruct the higher classes in the scientific arrangements of the same.
PHANOGAMOUS PLANTS.
Indigenous.
Ranunculaceæ.
Crowfoot Family.
Clematis.
·Virgin's Bower.
Anemone.
Wind Flower.
Hepatica.
Easter Flower.
Caltha.
Marsh Marigold.
Coptis.
Goldthread.
Aquilegia.
Wild Columbine.
Cimicifuga.
Black Snakeroot.
Delphinium.
Lark Spur.
Actea.
Baneberry. Moonseed Family.
Menispemacea.
Menispermum.
Berberidaceæ.
Moonseed. Barberry Family.
Podophyllum.
May Apple.
Caulophyllum.
Papoose Root.
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56
NATURAL HISTORY.
Malvacea.
Mallow Family.
Malva.
Filiacea. Filia (Americana.)
Geraniacea.
Geranium .. Erodium.
Impatiens.
Oxalis.
Rutacece.
· Zanthoxilum. Ptelia.
Anacardiacece.
Rhus. Vitacece:
Vitis.
Amphelopsis.
Rhamnacec.
Rhamnus.
Ceanothus.
Ilicinec.
Ilex.
Nemopanthes.
Celastracec.
Celastrus.
Euonymous. Sapindacec.
Staphylea.
Acer.
Negunda. :
Polygalacec.
Polygala.
Leguminosc.
Lupinus. Trifolium. Melilotus. Medicago. Psoralea.
Mallow. Linden Family. Linden or Lime Tree. (Basswood.) Cranesbill Family. Cranesbill. Heronsbill. Touch-me-not. Sorel. .
Rue Family.
Prickly Ash. Shrubby Trefoil.
1
Sumach Family.
'Sumach. Vine or Grape Family. Grapevine. (3 var.) Woodbine. Buckthorn Family.
Buckthorn.
Jersey Tea. (Red Root.) Holly Family.
Holm Oak.
Holly.
Staff-tree Family.
Staff-tree.
Spindle-tree. Soap-berry Family.
Bladderwort.
Maple. (4 var.)
Box Elder. Milkwort Family.
Milkwort. Pulse Family.
Lupine. : . Clover or Trefoil. (4 var.) Sweet Clover. None-such. Indian Potato.
57
NATURAL HISTORY.
Amorpha. Robinia.
Tephrosia. Astragalus. Desmodium. Lespedeza. Vicia ... Lathyrus. Apios.
Phaseolus.
Amphicarpœa.
Baptisia.
Cassia.
Gleditchia.
Rosacea.
Prunus Am.
Cerasus. ,
Spirea.
Agrimonia.
Geum.
Waldsteinia.
Potentilla.
Fragaria.
Rubus.
Rosa.
Cratægus.
Amelanchier.
Saxifraga.
Ribes. Grossulariam.
Saxifrage.
Heuchera.
Mitella.
Tiarella.
Chrysoplenium.
Crassulacec.
Sedum. Pentorum,
Lead Plant.
Locust tree. Hoary Pea. Milk Vetch.
Tick Trefoil.
Bush Clover.
Vetch. Sweet Pea.
. Ground Nut.
Bean. (Sand Bean.) Pea Vine. False Indigo.
Am. Senna. Honey Locust.
Rose Family.
Wild Plum.
Wild Cherry.
Meadow Sweet.
Agrimony.
Avens. Dry Strawberry.
Cinquefoil or Five Fingers. Strawberry.
Raspberry (6 var.) Wild Rose (3 var.) Crimson Fruit Thorn.
June Berry.
Saxifrage Family.
Currant.
Gooseberry.
Saxifrage. Alumroot.
Bishop's Cap.
False Mitrewort.
Water Carpet. House-leek Family. Stone Crop (Live-for-ever.) Ditch Stone Crop.
58
NATURAL HISTORY.
Hamamelacec.
Hamamelis.
Hallorage@. Myriaphyllum. Proserpina. Hippuris.
Onagraceæ.
Circaa.
Epilobium.
Oenothera.
Ludwigia.
Melastomacea.
Rhexia.
Lythracea.
Lythrum.
Ficoide@.
Mollugo.
Cucurbitacea.
Siey os. Echinocistus.
Umbellifera.
Hydrocotyle. Sanicula.
Eryngium.
Daucus.
Pastinaca.
Heracleum.
Cow Parsnip.
Archemora.
Archangelica.
Bupleurum.
Cicuta. Sium.
Cryptotæmia. Onorrhiza.
Conium.
Araliacec.
Aralia.
Cornacec.
Cornus.
Witch Hazel Family. Witch Hazel. Water Milfoil Family.
Water Milfoil.
Mermaid.
Mare's Tail. Evening Primrose Family. Enchanter's Nightshade. .
Willow Herb.
Evening Primrose. Bastard Loosestrife. Melastoma Family.
Meadow Beauty. Loosestrife Family. Loosestrife or Grass-poly. Carpetweed Family. Carpetweed. Cucumber Family.
Star Cucumber. Prickly Bladder Cucumber. Parsley Family ..
Penny-wort. Sanicle.
Button Snakeroot.
Carrot. (Run wild.)
Parsnip. (Run wild.)
Water Drop.
Angelica.
Thorough wax.
Water Hemlock.
Water Parsnip.
Honewort. Sweet Cicely. (Wild.)
Poison Hemlock. Ginseng Family. Spikenard and Wild Sarsaparilla. Dogwood Family. Dogwood.
59
NATURAL HISTORY.
Caprifoliacea.
Linnea.
Symphoricarpus. Lonicera. Diervilla.
Triosteum. Sambucus. Viburnum.
Rubiacec.
Galium. Cephalantus. Houstonia. Mitchella.
Valerianacea.
Valeriana. (Paucifl.) Fedia.
Dipsacec.
Dipsacus.
Composita.
Vernonia. Liatus. Eupatonium. Aster.
Erigeron. Solidago. Silphium. Inula. Poly mnia. Iva. Ambrosia. Hantium. Rudbeckia.
Helianthus. Helianthus Tuberosus. Coreopsis. Bidens. Helenium. Anthemis.
Honeysuckle Family.
Twin-Flower.
Snowberry.
True Honeysuckle. Bush Honeysuckle. Feverwort.
Elder. Arrow-wood. (Snowball.) Madder Family.
Bedstraw or Cleavers.
Button Bush.
Bluet or Dwarf Pink.
Partridge Berry. Valerian Family.
Wild Valerian. Cornsalad or Lamb's Lettuce. Teasel Family.
Teasel.
Aster Family.
Ironweed. Blazing Star.
Thoroughwort or Boneset.
Aeter. (28 var. of which. many grow wild.)
Fleabane.
Goldenrod. (24 var.)
Rosin Weed. Elecampane.
Leafcup.
Marsh Elder.
Hay weed. Clotweed.
Cone Flower. Sunflower. Jerusalem Artichoke. Tick-seed.
Beggar Ticks. Sneezeweed. Camomile,
60
-
NATURAL HISTORY.
Achillea. Leucanthemum. Tanacetum. Artemisia.
Gnaphalium.
Everlasting. Immortelle.
Wild Caraway.
Groundsel.
Lappa.
Burdock.
Cnicus.
Thistles.
Chicorium.
Chicory. (Wild.)
Hieracium.
Hawkweed.
Nabalus.
Rattlesnake Root.
Taraxacum.
Dandelion.
Lactuca.
Lettuce. (Wild and cult.)
Sonchus.
Sow Thistle.
Lobeliacec.
Lobelia
Campanulacec.
Campanula.
Specularia.
Ericacec.
Vaccinium.
Whortleberry or Huckleberry.
Oxycoccus.
Cranberry.
Arctostaphylos.
Bearberry.
Epigæa.
Trailing Arbutus.
Gaultheria.
Wintergreen.
Cassandra.
Leatherleaf.
Ledum.
Labrador Tea.
Pyrola.
Wintergreen or Shineleaf,
Kalmia.
Mountain Laurel.
Chimaphila.
Prince's Pine.
:
Primrose Family.
. Primrose or Cowslip. Shooting Star. Loosestrife.
Plantain Family.
Plantago.
Millfoil or Yarrow. Ox-eye Daisy.
Tansy.
Wormwood.
Cacalia. Senecio.
Lobelia Family.
Indian Tobacco. Bellflower Family.
Bellflower or Harebell.
Venus' Looking-glass.
Heath Family. ".
Primulacec.
Primula. Dodecatheon. Lysimachia.
Plantiganacec.
Plantain or Ribgrass.
61
NATURAL HISTORY.
Lentibulacec.
Utricularia.
Orobanchacec.
Broomrape Family.
Beech Drops. Figwort Family.
Verbascum.
Mullein.
Linaria.
Toad Flax.
Scrophularia. .
Figwort.
Collinsia.
Collinsia.
Chelone.
Snakehead.
Beard Tongue.
Monkey Flower.
Hedge-Hysop.
Speed well.
Gerardia.
Painted Cup.
Lousewort.
1 Cow-wheat. Verbenà Family.
Verbena. (Wild and cult.)
Fogfruit.
Lopseed.
Mint Family.
Germander.
Blue Gentian.
Mint.
Water Hoarhound.
Mountain Mint.
Pennyroyal.
Horse Balsam.
Monantha.
Blephilia .. Nepheta.
Dracocephalum.
Brunella. Scutellaria. Marubium. Galeopsis. Stachys.
Labiatæ.
Teucrium.
Isanthus.
Mentha.
Lycopus.
Pycanthemum.
Hedeoma.
Collinsonia.
Horse Mint.
Hairy Blephilia.
Catnip. Sinandra.
Bluecurls. Scullcap. Hoarhound.
Hemp Nettle. Hedge Nettle.
Pentstemon.
Mimulus.
Gratiola.
Veronica.
Gerardia.
Castilleja.
Pedicularis ..
Melampyrum.
Verbenacec.
Verbena.
Lippia.
Phyma.
Bladderwort Family. Bladderwort.
Epiphegus. Schrophulacec.
62
+
NATURAL HISTORY.
Leonurus. Lamium.
Borraginaceæ.
Symphitum.
Lythospermum. Echium.
Myosotis.
Echinaspermum.
Cynoylossum. Hydrophyllaceæ.
Hydrophyllum.
Convolvulacea.
Convolvulus.
Cuscuta.
Solanacec.
Solanum.
Physalis.
Datura.
Gentianaceæ.
Frasera.
Helenia.
Gentiana.
Menyanthes.
Bartonia.
Asclepiadacea.
Asclepias.
Acerates.
Oleacec.
Fraxinus. Aristolochiacec.
Asarum.
Nyctaginacec.
Oxy baphus.
Phytolaccacec.
Phytolacca. Chenopodiacec.
Chenopodium. Blitum. Atriplex.
Motherwort. Henbit.
Borrage Family.
Comfrey. Gram well.
Viper's Bugloss.
Scorpion Grass.
Burrseed. -
Hound's Tongue.
Waterleaf Family.
Waterleaf. Bindweed Family.
Bind weed.
Flax Dodder. Nightshade Family.
Nightshade.
Henbane or Groundsel.
Thornapple. (Jimsonweed.) Gentian Family.
Columbo.
Felwort.
Gentian.
Buckbean.
Screwstem.
Silkweed Family.
Silkweed.
Green Silkweed.
Olive Family.
Ash. (5 var.) Birthwort Family.
Wild Ginger.
Four-o'clock Family.
Vinegar Saucer. Pokeweed Family.
Pokeweed. Goosefoot Family.
Goosefoot. Blite. Orache.
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64
NATURAL HISTORY.
Larix. Thuja. Cupressus. Juniperus. Taxus.
-
Aracea.
Arisæma.
Calla. Symplocarpus. Acorus.
Lemnacec.
Lemna.
Typhacea.
Typha.
Spargamium. Naiadacec.
Naias. Zannichellia.
Potamogetan. Alismacec.
Triglochia. Alisma.
Sagittaria.
Hydrocharidacea.
Anacharis.
Valisneria.
Orchidacec.
Orchis or Habenaria.
Spirianthes.
Calopogon.
Liparis.
Corallorhiza.
Aplectrum.
Cypripodium.
Iridacec
Iris. Sissyrinchium. Smilaceæ.
Tamarack. Arbor Vitae. White Cedar. Juniper and Red Cedar. Ground Hemlock. Arum Family.
Dragon Root. Jack-in-the-Pulpit. Northern Calla. Skunk Cabbage. Sweet Flag. Duckmeat Family.
Duckmeat, Cat-tail Family.
Cát-tail. Burr Seed. Waternymph Family.
Water Nymph. Horn Pond weed. Pondweed. Water Plantain Family.
Arrowgrass. Water Plantain. Arrowhead. Frog's Bit Family.
Waterweed. Tape Grass.
Orchis Family.
Orchis. Ladies' Tresses.
Grass Pink.
Tway-blade.
Coralroot.
Puddygrass. Ladies' Slipper. Blue Flag Family.
Blue Flag. Blue-eyed Grass.
Green Briar Family.
65
NATURAL HISTORY.
Smilacec.
Smilax.
Liliaceae.
Trillium.
Ovularia.
Trillium. Bellwort.
Convallaria.
Solomon's Seal.
Streptopus.
Twistfoot.
Erythronium.
Erythronium. Lily. (Red and Yellow ; Wild.) Garlic.
Juncacec.
Rush Family.
Juncus.
Rush. (15 var.)
Luzula.
Field Rush.
Cyperaceæ.
Sedge Family. '
Cy perus.
Sedge.
Eleocharis.
Club Rush.
Eriophorum.
Cotton Grass.
Rhynchospora.
Carex.
Bog Rush. Carex. (78 var.)
Of Sedges proper (Carex) there are about 160 species, several of which contribute, more in bulk than value, to the hay of low coarse meadows and half-reclaimed bogs. (Gray.) Gramineæ.
Leersia.
Cut Grass.
Zizania.
Indian Rice.
Alopecurrus.
Foxtail Grass.
Phleum.
Timothy.
Agrostis.
White Top.
Orizopis.
Mountain Rice.
Feather Grass.
Stipa. Aristida.
Poverty Grass.
Dactylis.
Orchard Grass.
Poa.
Spear Grass. Dog's Couch Grass.
-
Triticum (caninum.) Hosteum (juratum.) Elimus. Avena (stirata.) Holcus. Hierochloa.
Squirreltail Grass. Wild Rye. Animated Oats.
Soft Grass. Seneca Grass.
Lilium. Allium.
Green Briar Family. Green Briar. Lily Family.
Grass Family ..
66
NATURAL HISTORY.
Phalaris. Milium. Panicum. Setaria. Genchrus. Sorghum. Zea.
Canary Seed. Millet.
Finger or Crab Grass. (12 spe.) Wild Timothy.
Burr Grass. Broom Corn. Maize or Indian Corn.
Horsetail Family.
Horsetail. (Scouring Rush.) Fern Family.
Poly podium .. Adiantum.
Polypod.
Maidenhair.
Pteris.
Brake.
Asplenium.
Spleen wort.
Aspidium. Woodsia.
Flowercup Fern. Adder's Tongue Family. -
Ophioglossum.
Botry chium.
Adder's Tongue. Rattlesnake Fern. Clubmoss Family.
Lycopodiacec.
Lycopodium.
Clubmoss.
A PARTIAL LIST OF THE FUNGI OF WISCONSIN.
is omitted advisedly, since all those who might profit by it must be in possession of much more knowledge about them, than could be conveyed here, or would interest the general reader.
In the following "Appendix" I will endeaver to enumerate the most important of such plants as are cultivated or domestic- ated here, not because there are none who are informed on that subject, but to point a road for the information of those who are yet deficient in that kind of knowledge.
Appendix.
PHENOGAMOUS PLANTS. CULTIVATED. A. Useful.
Cruciferæ.
Mustard Family.
Horseradish. Turnip and Cabbage. Radish.
Cochlearia. Brassica. Raphanus.
Equisetacec.
Equisetum. Filices.
Shield Fern
Ophioglossacec ..
1
67
NATURAL HISTORY.
Nasturtium. Sinapis.
Linacec.
Linum.
Vitacec.
Vitis Vinifera. Leguminosæ.
Pisum. Trifolium. Phaseolus.
Rosacoc.
Prunus.
Cerasus.
Malus
Pyrus Coronasia.
Rubus.
Fragaria.
Cucurbitacec.
Cucumis.
Cucurbita.
Grossulacec. (See Saxifragaceæ above.) Ribes (rubum and nigrum.) Ribes Grossularia. Umbelliferc.
Carum. Petrosilenum. Pastinacca. Fœeniculum. Daucus. Coriandrum. Pimpinella. Apium.
Composite.
Helianthus. Helianthus Taberosus. . Anthemis. Artemisia. Tanacetum.
Cress.
Mustard.
Flax Family.
Common Flax.
Vine or Grape Family.
Wine Grape. Pulse Family.
Pea. Clover.
Bean.
Rose Family. .
Plum.
:
Cherry.
Apple.
Crab Apple.
Raspberry.
Strawberry. ;Cucumber Family. Cucumber and Melon. Pumpkin and Squash. Gooseberry Family.,
Currant.
Gooseberry.
Parsley Family.
Caraway. Parsley.
Parsnip. Fennel.
Carrot.
Coriander. Anis. Celery.
Aster Family.
Sunflower. Jerusalem Artichoke. Chamomile. Wormwood, Tansy.
68
NATURAL HISTORY.
Cicorium. Lactuca.
Labiata.
Salvia.
Thymus. .
Origanum.
Borraginaceae.
Borrago.
Solanacec.
Nicotiana.
Capsicum. ·
Solanum Tuberosum.
Solanum Lycopersicumn. Polygonacec.
Fagopyrum.
Urticec.
Cannabis.
Iridacea.
Crocus.
Liliaceæ.
Allium.
Asparagus.
Graminec.
Alopecurus.
· Phleum Pratense. Milium.
Panicum.
Avena.
Poa.
Hordeum.
Sorghum. Sorghum Sacharinum.
Triticum.
Secale. Zea.
Chenopodiacex.
Beta. Atriplex.
Chicory and Endive. Lettuce.
Mint Family.
Sage. Thyme.
Marjoram.
Borrage Family.
Borrage. Nightshade Family.
Tobacco.
Cayenne Pepper.
Potato.
Tomato.
Buckwheat Family.
Buckwheat.
Nettle Family.
Hemp.
Iris Family.
Saffron.
Lily Family ..
Onion, Leek, Garlic, etc.
Asparagus.
Grass Family.
Foxtail Grass.
Timothy.
Millet and Hungarian Gras Finger Grass.
Oat.
Spear Grass. (Blue Grass. Barley. Broom Corn.
Sugar Corn. Wheat. Rye. Maize or Indian Corn .. Goosefoot Family. Beet. (Diff. kinds.) Orach.
69
NATURAL HISTORY.
ORNAMENTAL PLANTS.
Names taken from the catalogue of Jas. Vick. Arranged by families.
Absonia, Didiscus. Umbellifera.
Rannuculaceae.
Adonis, Delphinium, Aquilegia. Labiatæe.
Alyssum, Asperula, Molucca Balm, Perilla, Salvia. Composite. .
Ageratum, Aster, Brachycome, Centaurea, Cacalia, Calendula, Calliopsis, Crepis, Double Daisy, Gaillardia, Helianthus (Sun- flower), Kaulfussia, Marigold, Obeliscaria, Oxyura, Palafoxia, Sca- biosa, Zinnia (Everlastings), Apocilium, Ammobium, Gomphrena, Helichrysum, Helipterum, Rhodanthe, Waitzia, Xeranthemum, Dahlia.
Primulaceæ.
Anagallis, Primula. Caryophyllacec. Agrostemma, Catchfly, Saponia, Dianthus, Gypsosphila. Amaranthacec.
Amaranthus, Celosia.
Scrophulariaceae.
Alonsoa, Antirrhinum, Collinsia, Mimulus, Salpiglossis, Mau- randia, Digitalis, Browallia.
Papaveracea.
Argemone, Poppy, Esscholtzia.
Gentianacec.
Bartonia.
Balsaminacec.
Balsam.
Malvacec.
Callirhoe, Malope, Holly hock. Scitaminec.
Canna.
Crucifera. Candituft, Erysimum, Ten Weeks Stack. Portulaccacec. Calandrinia, Portulacca.
Campanula. Centranthus.
Campanulaceæ. Valerianacec. Caparidacea.
Cleome.
Solanacec.
Datura, Nolana, Petunia. Euphorbiacec. Euphorbia Marginata, Ricinus. Hydrophyllaceæ. Eutoca, Nemophila, Whitlavia. Onagraceæ.
Godetia, Oenothera. Polymoniacec. Gilia, Phlox, Phacelia, Cobea. Lobeliacec.
Lobelia.
Leguminosc.
1
Lupinus, Medicago, Sensitive, Dolichos Pea, Viburnum.
Resedacec.
Mignonette.
Pedaliacec.
Martynia.
Borraginacec.
Forget-me-not.
Nyctaginacea.
Four o'clock.
Mesembryacec.
Mesembryanthemum. Magnoliacec.
Nigella, Pæony.
Violacea.
Pansy, Violet.
Crassulacea.
Sedum.
Tropæolacec. Tropæolum, Minus and Major.
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72
NATURAL HISTORY.
eration of ornamental plants was two-fold. 1. It was sure to contain the most important and withal a generous number; 2 It was in the hands of not a few of the population, by which at least some of the names in the list were already familiar to many read- ers. I might have swelled the list to a great extent by repeating the names of some plants which appeared among annuals and perennials, but I think it is sufficiently large.
It occurred to me while writing out these lists, that I really know but very few inhabitants of this county, who ever showed to me a considerable acquaintance with the vegetable kingdom or of any special part of it. Though not by far as well informed on the subject myself, as I would wish to be, this lack of informa- tion in others surprised me as being extraordinary for people yet in neighborly contact with objects under consideration, and other- wise mostly intelligent and some of considerable accomplishments. Not the least of my aims in giving this very extensive list of plants, was to arouse among the younger generation a more intense curiosity in regard to the knowledge of the Vegetable Kingdom.
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