History of Buffalo County Wisconsin 10847607, Part 27

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USA > Wisconsin > Buffalo County > History of Buffalo County Wisconsin 10847607 > Part 27


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At the beginning of this chapter I have counted up the pos- sibility of diverse pursuits in the agricultural line as one of our decided advantages. I still think the same way, but this divers- ification can only be brought about by making live stock, that is, the useful domestic animals, the foundation of our farming. Breeding, feeding .and fattening, dairying, all may be practiced more or less extensively side by side, or one or the other predom- inating. Crops of grain need not therefore be excluded, and will certainly be none the worse, if the attention is concentrated upon a smaller space, for which assistance can easily be provided in the. way of manuring, or a change of crops, using the one for a support of another and so forth. I will not write of " What I know about Farming," as Greeley did, for the above is merely a train of re- flections, which I give for what they may be worth to each reader. In the following tables I shall give the statistical collections on the agriculture of Buffalo County contained in the compendium or the collections of the Census of 1885, the one taken by the authority


374


AGRICULTURE.


of the state. I call attention to the fact that agriculture is in these tables considered in the extended sense in which I in the above have suggested that it should be carried on. On a farm every- thing should be carried on for which the situation, the soil, other peculiarities, for instance the accidental training acquired by the owner or some member of his family in some particular pursuit for which there are materials on hand, may afford an opportunity. A farm can not be a factory, but much may be done on it, which differs from some factory work merely in the amount and in the preparation for it. These tables will each in its turn be presented, and remarks and criticism will follow directly after each.


In this I am following the sound pedagogical maxim, that the presentation of the object should be the first step in teaching. Be- fore venturing upon the presentation of the tables I consider a few general remarks appropriate.


1. These statistics were collected in each town by the Town Clerk, who had to report to the Clerk of the County Board of Su- pervisors, who in turn had to report to the Secretary of State.


2. The accuracy of each report depended therefore on the proper understanding of the printed instructions, and the necessary diligence and attention bestowed upon the work by each clerk, and in the transmission through all the different hands until it had passed through the hands of the printer.


3. The reliability of the reports is therefore not absolute, nor can they be unconditionally condemned as useless. One objection to the collection of them in the book is the ridiculous arrange- ment, not by subjects or near relation of such, but simply to ac- commodate matter to the page, as for instance.honey is not at all in connection with bees and wax, but on an entirely isolated place, because there was just room for that and no more on that page. I have corrected this as much as possible.


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Fractions were omitted. There are a great many apparent contradictions in this table, that is, the table does not, perhaps, contradict itself, but is plainly incompatible with facts. The most glaring mistake, or perhaps misprint, is of the town of Dover. This town consists of a regular government township containing 36 sections or 23,040 acres, exclusive of township fractions on the northside and range line fractions on the west side. The first named fractions amount to about 36 acres for each of six sections -216 acres, the last named are insignificant in this case. We may then set down the area of Dover as 23,260 acres. Of these the report says that 6,914 acres are improved, 3,115 acres are wood- land and 43,618 acres unimproved. It is hardly probable that this mistake originated in the town, but where it did originate I can- not tell. Even after a deduction of 30,000 acres the farmland in the report exceeds the surface of the whole town by about four hundred acres. If we. cut off the last figure, reducing the number of acres of unimproved land to 4,361, we find the farmland to amount to 14,390 leaving 8,870 acres to be accounted, more than one-third of the whole surface, which is to my certain knowledge impossible. Of the town of Nelson no " Wood Land " is reported, yet every one acquainted with that town must admit, that there is as much woodland in it, proportionately, as can be found in any town of the county. It being now the largest town, it certainly ought to report most wood land. Other criticisms might be given but as this would make the chapter tedious, I will stop here hoping, however, that these remarks are studied by townclerks, and aspirants for this important office, before another state census is to be taken.


The county containing 690 square miles or 441,600 acres, there are 64,490 acres, or adding the 30,000 acres of an error in the town of Dover to it 94,490 acres, or more than one-fifth of the whole surface still to be accounted for. These must be distributed into three classes: 1. The swamplands along the Mississippi and Chippewa Rivers, that could not figure very extensively as farm- lands, but might have been booked to some extent as woodlands, at least as far as they are owned and held by farmers or others for that purpose. This class covers a very considerable part of the above amount. 2. United States or government land, to which might be added railroad indemnity land not yet sold or taken


377


AGRICULTURE.


possession of by farmers. This class I consider the smallest of the three classes. 3. Accidental errors, or actual misstatements made by farmers, not often purposely, but unconsciously. Some, who know, or at least pretend to know, every square inch of their land, will sometimes make guesses at the proportions or the amount that would astonish themselves, if they ever would take the trouble to practice a little addition and subtraction in the matter.


378


AGRICULTURE.


GRAIN.


WHEAT.


CORN.


TOWNS, VILLAGES AND CITIES.


Acres.


Bushels.


Value.


Acres.


Bushels.


Value.


Alma


3,242


55,416 $ 32,907


605


17,810


$ 5,650


· Alma, city


105


1,945


1,247


20


690


248


Belvidere


3,228


52,890


31,403


447


10,700


3,241


Buffalo


1,483


23,382


15,581


268


7,875


3,067


Buffalo, city


132


2,110


1,329


80


2,635


894


Canton


1,343


24,528


17,164


938


29,575


11,217


Cross


3,007


46,390


28,023


514


14,130


4,220


Dover


2,092


31,887


19,439


599


14,257


4,437


Fountain City


189


3,190


2,220


37


1,810


540


Gilmanton.


2,587


38,916


22,969


1,046


26,125


7,766


Glencoe


3,477


49,403


31,996


987


23,842


7,536


Lincoln


3,771|


54,122


28,991


414


10,215


3,035


Maxville


873


14,122


10,354


1,160


43,805


20,301


Milton ʻ


1,476


22,419


15,640


225


6,480


1,943


Modena


2,258


25,606


22,957


1,131


29,143


8,840


Mondovi


1,392


19,48I


10,921


1,105


26,090


6,739


Montana


4,601


73,476


44,655


641


20,567


6,130


Naples.


1,741


26,630


13,287


1,452


38,645


10,249


Nelson


2,161


36,903


24,784


897


30,386


7,981


Waumandee


4,088


64,796


44,450


1,119


34,800


10,486


Total


43,247 667,612 $420,267


13,687 389,580 $125,520


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AGRICULTURE.


GRAIN.


RYE.


Buckwheat.


TOWNS, VILLAGES AND CITIES.


Acres.


Bushels.


Value.


Acres.


Bushels.


Value,


Alma


36


665


$ 249


5


71


$


51


Alma, city


Belvidere


181


2,510


1,003


5


75


49


Buffalo


29


439


185


1


23


18


Buffalo, city


18


361


182


Canton


73


1,124


562


10


167


83


Cross


2


32


16


13


198


86


Dover.


89


963


390


15


174


95


Fountain City


4


60


30


Gilmanton.


96


1,045


413


14


205


65


Glencoe


91


1,329


658


44


193


166


Lincoln


39


710


342


Maxville


115


1,212


595


106


1,114


681


Milton


300


4,467


2,222


15


210


95


Modena


18


185


92


24


291


151


Mondovi


18


475


208


34|


391


102


Montana


92


1,444


584


9


77


35


Naples


99


1,082


508


54


416


84


Nelson.


26


360


152


33


436


285


Waumandee.


70


1,591


710


Total


1,398


20,054


$ 9,101


385


4,041


$ 2,046


-


17.


..


.


---


381


AGRICULTURE.


After having given the table of acreage, I think it most nat- ural to let the tables of crops follow immediately, as crops are es- timated by the number of acres devoted to each. The number of acres of cultivated or improved land is 128,585, of which 88,245 are reported to have been devoted to crops of all kinds, leaving 40,340 acres unaccounted for. This number, not much less than one-third of the whole amount, must be credited to meadows, cul- tivated grasses, pastures and clover fields. It is not a bad propo- sition, nor do the crop reports present such very great variations and contradictions as I had to criticize in the reports on the gen- eral acreage. Incongruencies, of course, there are, but not of suf- ficient importance to affect general results. The next preceding tables treat of the grain crops. The number of acres of grain of all kinds is 86,526, while the other crops occupied not more than 1,719 acres. Of the grains wheat occupied 43,247 acres, only 16 acres less than one-half of the whole area. Next to it comes oats 23,622 acres, or 1,999, in round numbers 2,000, acres more than one-half of the wheat area. Corn figures with 13,687 acres, or 729 ares less than one-third of the wheat area, which seems to me somewhat exaggerated, but may nevertheless be true. Corn, as everybody knows, must be reckoned among the risky crops in our climate requiring, as it does, a warm summer and exemption from late frosts in spring, and early ones in fall, to be successful. It is cer- tainly interesting to know, how much was realized, on the average' from each acre of the different grains. The following is a state- ment according to the Tables: (Fractions. of cents are omitted.) Wheat $9.70; Corn $9.82; Oats$6.50; Barley $10.22; Rye $6.51; Buckwheat $5.34.


Thus it appears that barley was the best paying crop, while corn was 12 cents per acre ahead of wheat, oats and rye nearly equal, and buckwheat least. But in the emuneration of the last named there is one item, which differs so much from the others as to suggest a mistake, somewhere. 44 acres in the town of Glen- coe are reported to have yielded only 193 bushels valued at $166.00. The yield in all other towns shows over 10 bushels to the acre, while in Glencoe it is less than 5 bushels.' On the other side the valuation per bushel runs all the way from about one-third of a dollar to about two thirds, in Glencoe it reaches 85 cents. Where the mistake is, I can not say, but the enumeration of the value


382


AGRICULTURE.


must be nearer right than that of the bushels. Both, however may be wrong. I have already expressed my opinion, that these tables, and consequently the averages derived from them, are not absolutely reliable, yet they are the latest to be had, and must answer our purpose for want of better ones.


ROOTS.


POTATOES.


TOWNS, VILLAGES AND CITIES.


Acres.


Bushels.


Value.


Acres.


Bushels.


Value.


Alma


17₺


99


$


244


754


7,406


$ 2,248


Alma, city


5


355


142


Belvidere


23}


700


70


110₺


8,830


2,640


Buffalo


24


215


45


84₴


10,583


3,929


Buffalo, city


151


2,092


699


Canton


80%


8,463


3,285


Cross


86


9,063


2,741


Dover


27


1,448


302


44,5


5,318


1,593


Fountain City


Not stated


365


129


Gilmanton


9


1,700


245


76


7,202


2,313


Glencoe


13₺


556


202


98


9,107


2,585


Lincoln


21}


909


182


704


5,910


1,893


Maxville.


2


200


30


43&


5,047


1,262


Milton


12₺


714


148


474


4.710


1,343


Modena


14


368


92


75%


5,653


1,732


Mondovi


co.


Not


stated.


Not stated.


974


8,115


1,527


Montana


5


180


29


77₺


5,670


1,721


Naples


15


360


57


76


6,612


1,679


Nelson


94


865


140


71%


7,759


2,632


Waumandee.


74%


8,012


3,214


Total


168₺


9,205


$ 1,796


1308₺ 126,272 --


$39,307


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we find that 5} acres in one town yield 787 gallons, while 12 acres in another yield only 706 gallons. Differences there are and must be in the yield per acre, of this or any other crop, but for such glaring ones we can not account by anything reasonable, hence we refuse to believe them. Taking, however, the reports as they are and for what they may be worth, we find that the greatest amount for any town in the different crops is distributed as follow:


CROP. TOWN. BUSHELS.


Wheat.


Montana .73,476.


Corn.


Maxville 43,805.


Oats


Naples


62,455.


Barley


Waumandee


16,294.


: . 'Rye. Milton.


4,467.


Buckwheat. Maxville


1,114.


Beans and Peas


Naples .


326.


Roots .


Gilmanton


1,700.


Potatoes


Buffalo


10,583.


Sorghum


Gilmanton


4,655 Gallons.


In the next following table we will bring the more important seeds raised in the fields and converted into commercial articles.


AGRICULTURE.


385


SEEDS.


TOWNS, VILLAGES AND CITIES.


CLOVER SEED.


TIMOTHY SEED.


FLAX SEED.


Bushels.


Value.


Bushels.


Value,


Bushels.


Value.


Alma


Alma, city


Belvidere


4


$ 20:00


Buffalo.


Buffalo, city


Canton.


18₺


74.00


30


$ 30.00


Cross


Dover


24


9.00


33₺


43.00


Fountain City


Gilmanton


14


71.00


48


63.00


Glencoe.


Lincoln


6


23.00


623


93.00


Maxville


23


12.50


38₺


54.00


Milton


Modena


144₺


772.00


37₺


45.00


Mondovi


9₺


35.00


3


3.00


Montana


10


36.00


16


21.30


30


$ 60


Naples


3


12.00


66


68.00


Nelson.


8


40.00


20


37.00


Waumandee


Total


2224


$1104.50;


357


$ 457.30


30


$ 60


. .


These seed crops, though raised in the fields, are more or less accidental, and can not be considered as regular. There is, how- ever, no reason, why flaxseed should not become a regular crop. It is also to be regretted, that flax should not be cultivated for


386


AGRICULTURE.


its fiber, as well as for its seed, and that there is not in our neigh- borhood any establishment, in which they are utilized as raw ma- terial for manufacturing purposes.


FRUITS.


APPLES.


GRAPES.


BERRIES.


TOWNS, VILLAGES AND CITIES.


Bushels.


Value.


Pounds.


Value.


Bushels


Value.


Alma


60


$ 53


300


$ 21


5


$ 5


Alma, city


Belvidere


200


196


13,510|


676


Buffalo.


310


235


4,000


245


Buffalo, city


7


5


Canton


17


8


1,300


130


Dover


171


118


Fountain City


252


151


17,400


1,090


Gilmanton


260


211


112


433


Glencoe.


102


102


Lincoln


72


72


Maxville


67


34


Milton


142


116


620


40


Modena


188


105


5


20


Mondovi


115


250


Montana


214


135


Naples


10


9


383


847


Nelson


145


71


2,200


154


5


20


Waumandee


Total


2,217


$ 1,621


39,330


$ 2,356


625 $1,575


..


.


Cross


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AGRICULTURE.


After the study of Buffalo County statistics I suppose a man should not be surprised at anything not even if the town of Wau- mandee produces 4,435 pounds of honey without keeping any bees, or five towns containing together 159 colonies, do not produce an ounce of honey. But statistics say so! Must be true, then. I can not close the account of crops in this county without some further reflections.


Among other things I have omitted the table on Tobacco, see- ing that there was only one item in it of 2 acres, estimated crop 2,000 pounds, valued at $200. This crop, I understand, is on the increase, and may become profitable in certain situations, and in seasons long enough to permit of its maturing properly. It is, however, an exhausting crop, which requires heavy manuring and a strong soil.


I find a tabulation of the "Value of all other products not hereinbefore enumerated." I can't imagine what these products might be, unless pumpkins, squashes, cabbages and other garden truck is meant, which, I regret to say have been inadvertently omitted on the list. Whatever may be the material, the amount of such products is $4.515 for the whole county, reported from only three towns. Whether there were not " some pumpkins" in the other towns, who knows?


The list of men employed in agricultural pursuits will be found as the last of the tables and its remarkable statements and other merits duly considered. The census, of course, in its bril- liant arrangement, put it close to the table ofimplements, probably because " men " are only live implements.


The most important branch of civilized husbandry, after the cultivation of cereals, is the care of the domestic animals, be the same for the ultimate use of the flesh as meat for food, or for the purpose of assistance in the necessary work of tillage, or any other work required on a farm, for transportation or other purposes. Neat Cattle including the bull and cow and their offspring, are most important domestic animals, inasmuch as they afford a more various utilization than any other class. Oxen are a very useful class of draught-animals, which, especially during the earlier years of the settlement of this region, were deservedly esteemed. At the present time working oxen are scarce, and steers are only kept three or four years, that is, as long as they grow, and their flesh


389


AGRICULTURE.


accumulates and matures rapidly. Cows are but exceptionally used as draft animals in this country, but in many others it is dif- ferent. Cows we keep for their milk, of which, as far as is not used fresh, we manufacture cheese and butter, and for breeding, converting their carcasses into beef, whenever they do not, or no longer, prove profitable alive. Calves are not very frequently sold to the butcher for veal so that even the local demand for that kind of meat is seldom sufficiently supplied. The subjoined table would be more interesting if it would present specific columns in- stead of the gross aggregation of cattle under one name, all the distinction being between those living and those killed.


CATTLE AND CALVES.


ON HAND.


SLAUGHTERED.


TOWNS, VILLAGES , AND CITIES.


No.


Value.


No.


Value.


Alma


1,660


$ 17,835


73


$ 1,308


Alma, city


41


590


Belvidere


1,336


14,663


35


516


Buffalo.


1,006


12,765


29


565


Buffalo, city


155


2,490


7


146


Canton


1,343


15,998


268


6,315


Cross


1,357


19,749


25


430


Dover


1,350


20,828


380


8,838


Fountain City


160


2,815


Gilmanton


I,515


28,040


117


3,333


Glencoe.


1,725


21,127


. 223


5,384


Lincoln


1,401


15,440


73


1,729


Maxville


869


15,550


132


4,295


Milton


853


10,960


21


400


Modena.


1,469


21,644


146


3,804


Mondovi


1,618


21,605


62


1,306


Montana


2,242


20,955


100


2,273


Naples


1,539


23,729


111


2,450


Nelson.


1,122


16,838


159


3,594


Waumandee


2,912


25,314


879


9,442


Total


15,213


$ 892,847


2,280


$ 56,057


390


AGRICULTURE.


DAIRY PRODUCTS.


TOWNS, VILLAGES AND CITIES.


Pounds.


Value.


Pounds.


Value.


Alma.


4,575


$ 175.00


8,205


$ 976


Alma, city


Belvidere


2,110


211.00


8,620


862


Buffalo.


9,415


1,524


Buffalo, city


150


15.00


3,785


559


Canton


2,398


Cross


4,380


411.00


15,825


1,647


Dover


200


18.00


26,705


4,453


Fountain City


140


15400


6,345


1,144


Gilmanton


6,825


983500


20,510


4,038


Glencoe.


400


29.00


23,140


2,965


Lincoln


2,960


326.00


18,529


2,950


Maxville


14,875


2,299


Milton


795


79.00


6,630


961


Modena


230


25.00


34,875


5,637


Mondovi


32,684


3,595.00


24,630


2,463


Montana


3,775


332,60


24,602


3,566


Naples


23,373


3,787


Nelson


1,150


117.00


32,630


4,765


Waumandee


2,500


285.00


86,450


8,856


CHEESE.


BUTTER.


23,635


The inconsistencies in the tables of "Cattle and Calves " are not so apparent as in some of the preceding tables, although the critic acquainted with the situation of the different towns might find some reasonable objections to make, or questions to ask. With regard to the tables of Dairy Products I think that that of Butter is more accurate than that of Cheese but that both are not accurate enough. That in the City of Alma neither butter nor cheese should be produced, may cause the impression that it is a factory town, with nothing rural about it, while in fact we have several farms within our corporation, and we know that on at least one of them not only butter but also cheese is produced for sale in town. A glaring error in the printed tables giving 60,825 pounds of cheese for Gilmanton, I corrected by striking out the 0, as I found that then the amount of value would give about 14 cents per pound, which would not be an unreasonable average, or about as much as a fair quality of cheese should bring in market.


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slnughtered as there were on hand, as probably none were ever kept, except for the purpose of being slaughtered within the year. My nose disputes this assertion, but although it always leads, it still is not supposed to possess much judgment.


HOGS.


ON HAND.


SLAUGHTERED.


TOWNS, VILLAGES AND CITIES.


No.


Value.


No.


Value.


Alma .


727


2,994


892


$ 6,583


Alma, city. O


20


73


Belvidere


· 554


1,483


537


2,087


Buffalo.


448


1,892


475


4,784


Buffalo, city


153


484


145


1,304


Canton


1,649


3,580


1,164


9,907


Cross


687


2,030


619


5,447


Dover


1,187


2,897


892


6,735


Fountain City


62


243


36


383


Gilmanton


1,809


5,232


985


9,317


Glencoe.


1,376


3,913


1,212


10,674


Lincoln


760


2,251


289


2,554


Maxville


1,196


5,729


1,019


9,856


Milton


569


1,529


297


2,902


Modena


1,241


5,053


1,359


12,062


Mondovi


2,097


6,094


595


6,032


Montana


2,127


5,916


1,281


11,262


Naples


868


3,854


812


6,856


Nelson


1,183


5,328


1,234


10,416


Waumandee


2,427


7,052


1,370


14,076


Total


21,140


$ 67,627


15.213


$ 133,347


O


O


O


O


O


O


O


AGRICULTURE.


393


HORSES AND MULES.


TOWNS, VILLAGES AND CITIES.


No.


Value.


Remarks. .


Alma


436


$ 26,535


Alma, city


13


945 Very inaccurate.


Belvidere


353


18,730


Buffalo


259


20,800 Rather highpriced, compar-


Buffalo, city


31


2,795


atively.


Canton


395


. 26,808


Cross


350


22,595


Dover


308


30,545


There is some doubt about it. Too low in price


Fountain City


41


3,655


Gilmanton


405


36,460


Glencoe


386


34,470


Lincoln


375


25,885


Maxville.


254


22,205 Comparethe last three towns.


Milton


192


14.990


Modena


373


32,450


do. the last two.


Mondovi


5.23


48,825



Montana


522


42,086


Naples


380


28,430


Nelson


360


54,305|Compare Naples and Nelson!


Waumandee.


530


43,030


Total


6,486 $


536,544


-$82.72 per head.


l


l


I know as well as anybody else that in no kind of domestic animals there is such a difference in value as in horses, but such a difference as we find between the valuations of some towns and others can not, and do not exist among horses in our county. The greater number of our horses are common stock, kept for common purposes, and only very few animals can be rated at fancy priees, stallions for breeding always excepted. The average price per head for the whole county is, according to my estimation, rather low, but I find that just where we might expect a high price in the sche- dule, we find a rather low one, and the reverse. My remarks in the table point to some surprises, rather than actual errors, which, however, are not only possible but highly probable. A most astonishing revelation, I think, is the statement that there are but 13 horses in the city of Alma. I am not quite sure, but there are more than that in the first ward, and were in 1885.


394


AGRICULTURE.


The following' table is given at the end of all the others as relating to the " hired help " required in all the different branches enumerated in the preceding ones. " The calculation per head dur- ing the whole year I have made myself from the statements given on the left side. This is the most astonishing of all the tables relating to the agricultural statistics of Buffalo County, and it seems impossible to explain the statements.


AGRICULTURAL, EMPLOYEES.


-


TOWNS, VILLAGES AND CITIES.


Men ' employed.


Wages includ-' ing board.


Wages per man during the year.


Alma ..


23


$ 576.50


$ 25.04


Alma, city


198


.3,770.00


19:04


Buffalo


27


1,760.00


65.18


Buffalo, city


119


516.00


4.33


Canton


13!


1,540.00


118.46


Cross


20


262.00


13.15


Dover.


43


3,050.00


70.93


Fountain City


11


2,313.00


210.27


Gilmanton


52


11,681.00


224.63 '


Glencoe.


32


4,689.00


146.53


Lincoln


50


7,675.00


153.50


Maxville


19


4,095.00


215.52


Milton.


34


1,305.00


38.08


Modena


23


3,652.00


158.78


Mondovi


22


2,430.00


110.45


Montana




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