USA > Wisconsin > Buffalo County > History of Buffalo County Wisconsin 10847607 > Part 27
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At the beginning of this chapter I have counted up the pos- sibility of diverse pursuits in the agricultural line as one of our decided advantages. I still think the same way, but this divers- ification can only be brought about by making live stock, that is, the useful domestic animals, the foundation of our farming. Breeding, feeding .and fattening, dairying, all may be practiced more or less extensively side by side, or one or the other predom- inating. Crops of grain need not therefore be excluded, and will certainly be none the worse, if the attention is concentrated upon a smaller space, for which assistance can easily be provided in the. way of manuring, or a change of crops, using the one for a support of another and so forth. I will not write of " What I know about Farming," as Greeley did, for the above is merely a train of re- flections, which I give for what they may be worth to each reader. In the following tables I shall give the statistical collections on the agriculture of Buffalo County contained in the compendium or the collections of the Census of 1885, the one taken by the authority
374
AGRICULTURE.
of the state. I call attention to the fact that agriculture is in these tables considered in the extended sense in which I in the above have suggested that it should be carried on. On a farm every- thing should be carried on for which the situation, the soil, other peculiarities, for instance the accidental training acquired by the owner or some member of his family in some particular pursuit for which there are materials on hand, may afford an opportunity. A farm can not be a factory, but much may be done on it, which differs from some factory work merely in the amount and in the preparation for it. These tables will each in its turn be presented, and remarks and criticism will follow directly after each.
In this I am following the sound pedagogical maxim, that the presentation of the object should be the first step in teaching. Be- fore venturing upon the presentation of the tables I consider a few general remarks appropriate.
1. These statistics were collected in each town by the Town Clerk, who had to report to the Clerk of the County Board of Su- pervisors, who in turn had to report to the Secretary of State.
2. The accuracy of each report depended therefore on the proper understanding of the printed instructions, and the necessary diligence and attention bestowed upon the work by each clerk, and in the transmission through all the different hands until it had passed through the hands of the printer.
3. The reliability of the reports is therefore not absolute, nor can they be unconditionally condemned as useless. One objection to the collection of them in the book is the ridiculous arrange- ment, not by subjects or near relation of such, but simply to ac- commodate matter to the page, as for instance.honey is not at all in connection with bees and wax, but on an entirely isolated place, because there was just room for that and no more on that page. I have corrected this as much as possible.
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AGRICULTURE.
Fractions were omitted. There are a great many apparent contradictions in this table, that is, the table does not, perhaps, contradict itself, but is plainly incompatible with facts. The most glaring mistake, or perhaps misprint, is of the town of Dover. This town consists of a regular government township containing 36 sections or 23,040 acres, exclusive of township fractions on the northside and range line fractions on the west side. The first named fractions amount to about 36 acres for each of six sections -216 acres, the last named are insignificant in this case. We may then set down the area of Dover as 23,260 acres. Of these the report says that 6,914 acres are improved, 3,115 acres are wood- land and 43,618 acres unimproved. It is hardly probable that this mistake originated in the town, but where it did originate I can- not tell. Even after a deduction of 30,000 acres the farmland in the report exceeds the surface of the whole town by about four hundred acres. If we. cut off the last figure, reducing the number of acres of unimproved land to 4,361, we find the farmland to amount to 14,390 leaving 8,870 acres to be accounted, more than one-third of the whole surface, which is to my certain knowledge impossible. Of the town of Nelson no " Wood Land " is reported, yet every one acquainted with that town must admit, that there is as much woodland in it, proportionately, as can be found in any town of the county. It being now the largest town, it certainly ought to report most wood land. Other criticisms might be given but as this would make the chapter tedious, I will stop here hoping, however, that these remarks are studied by townclerks, and aspirants for this important office, before another state census is to be taken.
The county containing 690 square miles or 441,600 acres, there are 64,490 acres, or adding the 30,000 acres of an error in the town of Dover to it 94,490 acres, or more than one-fifth of the whole surface still to be accounted for. These must be distributed into three classes: 1. The swamplands along the Mississippi and Chippewa Rivers, that could not figure very extensively as farm- lands, but might have been booked to some extent as woodlands, at least as far as they are owned and held by farmers or others for that purpose. This class covers a very considerable part of the above amount. 2. United States or government land, to which might be added railroad indemnity land not yet sold or taken
377
AGRICULTURE.
possession of by farmers. This class I consider the smallest of the three classes. 3. Accidental errors, or actual misstatements made by farmers, not often purposely, but unconsciously. Some, who know, or at least pretend to know, every square inch of their land, will sometimes make guesses at the proportions or the amount that would astonish themselves, if they ever would take the trouble to practice a little addition and subtraction in the matter.
378
AGRICULTURE.
GRAIN.
WHEAT.
CORN.
TOWNS, VILLAGES AND CITIES.
Acres.
Bushels.
Value.
Acres.
Bushels.
Value.
Alma
3,242
55,416 $ 32,907
605
17,810
$ 5,650
· Alma, city
105
1,945
1,247
20
690
248
Belvidere
3,228
52,890
31,403
447
10,700
3,241
Buffalo
1,483
23,382
15,581
268
7,875
3,067
Buffalo, city
132
2,110
1,329
80
2,635
894
Canton
1,343
24,528
17,164
938
29,575
11,217
Cross
3,007
46,390
28,023
514
14,130
4,220
Dover
2,092
31,887
19,439
599
14,257
4,437
Fountain City
189
3,190
2,220
37
1,810
540
Gilmanton.
2,587
38,916
22,969
1,046
26,125
7,766
Glencoe
3,477
49,403
31,996
987
23,842
7,536
Lincoln
3,771|
54,122
28,991
414
10,215
3,035
Maxville
873
14,122
10,354
1,160
43,805
20,301
Milton ʻ
1,476
22,419
15,640
225
6,480
1,943
Modena
2,258
25,606
22,957
1,131
29,143
8,840
Mondovi
1,392
19,48I
10,921
1,105
26,090
6,739
Montana
4,601
73,476
44,655
641
20,567
6,130
Naples.
1,741
26,630
13,287
1,452
38,645
10,249
Nelson
2,161
36,903
24,784
897
30,386
7,981
Waumandee
4,088
64,796
44,450
1,119
34,800
10,486
Total
43,247 667,612 $420,267
13,687 389,580 $125,520
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380
AGRICULTURE.
GRAIN.
RYE.
Buckwheat.
TOWNS, VILLAGES AND CITIES.
Acres.
Bushels.
Value.
Acres.
Bushels.
Value,
Alma
36
665
$ 249
5
71
$
51
Alma, city
Belvidere
181
2,510
1,003
5
75
49
Buffalo
29
439
185
1
23
18
Buffalo, city
18
361
182
Canton
73
1,124
562
10
167
83
Cross
2
32
16
13
198
86
Dover.
89
963
390
15
174
95
Fountain City
4
60
30
Gilmanton.
96
1,045
413
14
205
65
Glencoe
91
1,329
658
44
193
166
Lincoln
39
710
342
Maxville
115
1,212
595
106
1,114
681
Milton
300
4,467
2,222
15
210
95
Modena
18
185
92
24
291
151
Mondovi
18
475
208
34|
391
102
Montana
92
1,444
584
9
77
35
Naples
99
1,082
508
54
416
84
Nelson.
26
360
152
33
436
285
Waumandee.
70
1,591
710
Total
1,398
20,054
$ 9,101
385
4,041
$ 2,046
-
17.
..
.
---
381
AGRICULTURE.
After having given the table of acreage, I think it most nat- ural to let the tables of crops follow immediately, as crops are es- timated by the number of acres devoted to each. The number of acres of cultivated or improved land is 128,585, of which 88,245 are reported to have been devoted to crops of all kinds, leaving 40,340 acres unaccounted for. This number, not much less than one-third of the whole amount, must be credited to meadows, cul- tivated grasses, pastures and clover fields. It is not a bad propo- sition, nor do the crop reports present such very great variations and contradictions as I had to criticize in the reports on the gen- eral acreage. Incongruencies, of course, there are, but not of suf- ficient importance to affect general results. The next preceding tables treat of the grain crops. The number of acres of grain of all kinds is 86,526, while the other crops occupied not more than 1,719 acres. Of the grains wheat occupied 43,247 acres, only 16 acres less than one-half of the whole area. Next to it comes oats 23,622 acres, or 1,999, in round numbers 2,000, acres more than one-half of the wheat area. Corn figures with 13,687 acres, or 729 ares less than one-third of the wheat area, which seems to me somewhat exaggerated, but may nevertheless be true. Corn, as everybody knows, must be reckoned among the risky crops in our climate requiring, as it does, a warm summer and exemption from late frosts in spring, and early ones in fall, to be successful. It is cer- tainly interesting to know, how much was realized, on the average' from each acre of the different grains. The following is a state- ment according to the Tables: (Fractions. of cents are omitted.) Wheat $9.70; Corn $9.82; Oats$6.50; Barley $10.22; Rye $6.51; Buckwheat $5.34.
Thus it appears that barley was the best paying crop, while corn was 12 cents per acre ahead of wheat, oats and rye nearly equal, and buckwheat least. But in the emuneration of the last named there is one item, which differs so much from the others as to suggest a mistake, somewhere. 44 acres in the town of Glen- coe are reported to have yielded only 193 bushels valued at $166.00. The yield in all other towns shows over 10 bushels to the acre, while in Glencoe it is less than 5 bushels.' On the other side the valuation per bushel runs all the way from about one-third of a dollar to about two thirds, in Glencoe it reaches 85 cents. Where the mistake is, I can not say, but the enumeration of the value
382
AGRICULTURE.
must be nearer right than that of the bushels. Both, however may be wrong. I have already expressed my opinion, that these tables, and consequently the averages derived from them, are not absolutely reliable, yet they are the latest to be had, and must answer our purpose for want of better ones.
ROOTS.
POTATOES.
TOWNS, VILLAGES AND CITIES.
Acres.
Bushels.
Value.
Acres.
Bushels.
Value.
Alma
17₺
99
$
244
754
7,406
$ 2,248
Alma, city
5
355
142
Belvidere
23}
700
70
110₺
8,830
2,640
Buffalo
24
215
45
84₴
10,583
3,929
Buffalo, city
151
2,092
699
Canton
80%
8,463
3,285
Cross
86
9,063
2,741
Dover
27
1,448
302
44,5
5,318
1,593
Fountain City
Not stated
365
129
Gilmanton
9
1,700
245
76
7,202
2,313
Glencoe
13₺
556
202
98
9,107
2,585
Lincoln
21}
909
182
704
5,910
1,893
Maxville.
2
200
30
43&
5,047
1,262
Milton
12₺
714
148
474
4.710
1,343
Modena
14
368
92
75%
5,653
1,732
Mondovi
co.
Not
stated.
Not stated.
974
8,115
1,527
Montana
5
180
29
77₺
5,670
1,721
Naples
15
360
57
76
6,612
1,679
Nelson
94
865
140
71%
7,759
2,632
Waumandee.
74%
8,012
3,214
Total
168₺
9,205
$ 1,796
1308₺ 126,272 --
$39,307
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AGRICULTURE.
we find that 5} acres in one town yield 787 gallons, while 12 acres in another yield only 706 gallons. Differences there are and must be in the yield per acre, of this or any other crop, but for such glaring ones we can not account by anything reasonable, hence we refuse to believe them. Taking, however, the reports as they are and for what they may be worth, we find that the greatest amount for any town in the different crops is distributed as follow:
CROP. TOWN. BUSHELS.
Wheat.
Montana .73,476.
Corn.
Maxville 43,805.
Oats
Naples
62,455.
Barley
Waumandee
16,294.
: . 'Rye. Milton.
4,467.
Buckwheat. Maxville
1,114.
Beans and Peas
Naples .
326.
Roots .
Gilmanton
1,700.
Potatoes
Buffalo
10,583.
Sorghum
Gilmanton
4,655 Gallons.
In the next following table we will bring the more important seeds raised in the fields and converted into commercial articles.
AGRICULTURE.
385
SEEDS.
TOWNS, VILLAGES AND CITIES.
CLOVER SEED.
TIMOTHY SEED.
FLAX SEED.
Bushels.
Value.
Bushels.
Value,
Bushels.
Value.
Alma
Alma, city
Belvidere
4
$ 20:00
Buffalo.
Buffalo, city
Canton.
18₺
74.00
30
$ 30.00
Cross
Dover
24
9.00
33₺
43.00
Fountain City
Gilmanton
14
71.00
48
63.00
Glencoe.
Lincoln
6
23.00
623
93.00
Maxville
23
12.50
38₺
54.00
Milton
Modena
144₺
772.00
37₺
45.00
Mondovi
9₺
35.00
3
3.00
Montana
10
36.00
16
21.30
30
$ 60
Naples
3
12.00
66
68.00
Nelson.
8
40.00
20
37.00
Waumandee
Total
2224
$1104.50;
357
$ 457.30
30
$ 60
. .
These seed crops, though raised in the fields, are more or less accidental, and can not be considered as regular. There is, how- ever, no reason, why flaxseed should not become a regular crop. It is also to be regretted, that flax should not be cultivated for
386
AGRICULTURE.
its fiber, as well as for its seed, and that there is not in our neigh- borhood any establishment, in which they are utilized as raw ma- terial for manufacturing purposes.
FRUITS.
APPLES.
GRAPES.
BERRIES.
TOWNS, VILLAGES AND CITIES.
Bushels.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Bushels
Value.
Alma
60
$ 53
300
$ 21
5
$ 5
Alma, city
Belvidere
200
196
13,510|
676
Buffalo.
310
235
4,000
245
Buffalo, city
7
5
Canton
17
8
1,300
130
Dover
171
118
Fountain City
252
151
17,400
1,090
Gilmanton
260
211
112
433
Glencoe.
102
102
Lincoln
72
72
Maxville
67
34
Milton
142
116
620
40
Modena
188
105
5
20
Mondovi
115
250
Montana
214
135
Naples
10
9
383
847
Nelson
145
71
2,200
154
5
20
Waumandee
Total
2,217
$ 1,621
39,330
$ 2,356
625 $1,575
..
.
Cross
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388
AGRICULTURE.
After the study of Buffalo County statistics I suppose a man should not be surprised at anything not even if the town of Wau- mandee produces 4,435 pounds of honey without keeping any bees, or five towns containing together 159 colonies, do not produce an ounce of honey. But statistics say so! Must be true, then. I can not close the account of crops in this county without some further reflections.
Among other things I have omitted the table on Tobacco, see- ing that there was only one item in it of 2 acres, estimated crop 2,000 pounds, valued at $200. This crop, I understand, is on the increase, and may become profitable in certain situations, and in seasons long enough to permit of its maturing properly. It is, however, an exhausting crop, which requires heavy manuring and a strong soil.
I find a tabulation of the "Value of all other products not hereinbefore enumerated." I can't imagine what these products might be, unless pumpkins, squashes, cabbages and other garden truck is meant, which, I regret to say have been inadvertently omitted on the list. Whatever may be the material, the amount of such products is $4.515 for the whole county, reported from only three towns. Whether there were not " some pumpkins" in the other towns, who knows?
The list of men employed in agricultural pursuits will be found as the last of the tables and its remarkable statements and other merits duly considered. The census, of course, in its bril- liant arrangement, put it close to the table ofimplements, probably because " men " are only live implements.
The most important branch of civilized husbandry, after the cultivation of cereals, is the care of the domestic animals, be the same for the ultimate use of the flesh as meat for food, or for the purpose of assistance in the necessary work of tillage, or any other work required on a farm, for transportation or other purposes. Neat Cattle including the bull and cow and their offspring, are most important domestic animals, inasmuch as they afford a more various utilization than any other class. Oxen are a very useful class of draught-animals, which, especially during the earlier years of the settlement of this region, were deservedly esteemed. At the present time working oxen are scarce, and steers are only kept three or four years, that is, as long as they grow, and their flesh
389
AGRICULTURE.
accumulates and matures rapidly. Cows are but exceptionally used as draft animals in this country, but in many others it is dif- ferent. Cows we keep for their milk, of which, as far as is not used fresh, we manufacture cheese and butter, and for breeding, converting their carcasses into beef, whenever they do not, or no longer, prove profitable alive. Calves are not very frequently sold to the butcher for veal so that even the local demand for that kind of meat is seldom sufficiently supplied. The subjoined table would be more interesting if it would present specific columns in- stead of the gross aggregation of cattle under one name, all the distinction being between those living and those killed.
CATTLE AND CALVES.
ON HAND.
SLAUGHTERED.
TOWNS, VILLAGES , AND CITIES.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
Alma
1,660
$ 17,835
73
$ 1,308
Alma, city
41
590
Belvidere
1,336
14,663
35
516
Buffalo.
1,006
12,765
29
565
Buffalo, city
155
2,490
7
146
Canton
1,343
15,998
268
6,315
Cross
1,357
19,749
25
430
Dover
1,350
20,828
380
8,838
Fountain City
160
2,815
Gilmanton
I,515
28,040
117
3,333
Glencoe.
1,725
21,127
. 223
5,384
Lincoln
1,401
15,440
73
1,729
Maxville
869
15,550
132
4,295
Milton
853
10,960
21
400
Modena.
1,469
21,644
146
3,804
Mondovi
1,618
21,605
62
1,306
Montana
2,242
20,955
100
2,273
Naples
1,539
23,729
111
2,450
Nelson.
1,122
16,838
159
3,594
Waumandee
2,912
25,314
879
9,442
Total
15,213
$ 892,847
2,280
$ 56,057
390
AGRICULTURE.
DAIRY PRODUCTS.
TOWNS, VILLAGES AND CITIES.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Alma.
4,575
$ 175.00
8,205
$ 976
Alma, city
Belvidere
2,110
211.00
8,620
862
Buffalo.
9,415
1,524
Buffalo, city
150
15.00
3,785
559
Canton
2,398
Cross
4,380
411.00
15,825
1,647
Dover
200
18.00
26,705
4,453
Fountain City
140
15400
6,345
1,144
Gilmanton
6,825
983500
20,510
4,038
Glencoe.
400
29.00
23,140
2,965
Lincoln
2,960
326.00
18,529
2,950
Maxville
14,875
2,299
Milton
795
79.00
6,630
961
Modena
230
25.00
34,875
5,637
Mondovi
32,684
3,595.00
24,630
2,463
Montana
3,775
332,60
24,602
3,566
Naples
23,373
3,787
Nelson
1,150
117.00
32,630
4,765
Waumandee
2,500
285.00
86,450
8,856
CHEESE.
BUTTER.
23,635
The inconsistencies in the tables of "Cattle and Calves " are not so apparent as in some of the preceding tables, although the critic acquainted with the situation of the different towns might find some reasonable objections to make, or questions to ask. With regard to the tables of Dairy Products I think that that of Butter is more accurate than that of Cheese but that both are not accurate enough. That in the City of Alma neither butter nor cheese should be produced, may cause the impression that it is a factory town, with nothing rural about it, while in fact we have several farms within our corporation, and we know that on at least one of them not only butter but also cheese is produced for sale in town. A glaring error in the printed tables giving 60,825 pounds of cheese for Gilmanton, I corrected by striking out the 0, as I found that then the amount of value would give about 14 cents per pound, which would not be an unreasonable average, or about as much as a fair quality of cheese should bring in market.
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slnughtered as there were on hand, as probably none were ever kept, except for the purpose of being slaughtered within the year. My nose disputes this assertion, but although it always leads, it still is not supposed to possess much judgment.
HOGS.
ON HAND.
SLAUGHTERED.
TOWNS, VILLAGES AND CITIES.
No.
Value.
No.
Value.
Alma .
727
2,994
892
$ 6,583
Alma, city. O
20
73
Belvidere
· 554
1,483
537
2,087
Buffalo.
448
1,892
475
4,784
Buffalo, city
153
484
145
1,304
Canton
1,649
3,580
1,164
9,907
Cross
687
2,030
619
5,447
Dover
1,187
2,897
892
6,735
Fountain City
62
243
36
383
Gilmanton
1,809
5,232
985
9,317
Glencoe.
1,376
3,913
1,212
10,674
Lincoln
760
2,251
289
2,554
Maxville
1,196
5,729
1,019
9,856
Milton
569
1,529
297
2,902
Modena
1,241
5,053
1,359
12,062
Mondovi
2,097
6,094
595
6,032
Montana
2,127
5,916
1,281
11,262
Naples
868
3,854
812
6,856
Nelson
1,183
5,328
1,234
10,416
Waumandee
2,427
7,052
1,370
14,076
Total
21,140
$ 67,627
15.213
$ 133,347
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
AGRICULTURE.
393
HORSES AND MULES.
TOWNS, VILLAGES AND CITIES.
No.
Value.
Remarks. .
Alma
436
$ 26,535
Alma, city
13
945 Very inaccurate.
Belvidere
353
18,730
Buffalo
259
20,800 Rather highpriced, compar-
Buffalo, city
31
2,795
atively.
Canton
395
. 26,808
Cross
350
22,595
Dover
308
30,545
There is some doubt about it. Too low in price
Fountain City
41
3,655
Gilmanton
405
36,460
Glencoe
386
34,470
Lincoln
375
25,885
Maxville.
254
22,205 Comparethe last three towns.
Milton
192
14.990
Modena
373
32,450
do. the last two.
Mondovi
5.23
48,825
€
Montana
522
42,086
Naples
380
28,430
Nelson
360
54,305|Compare Naples and Nelson!
Waumandee.
530
43,030
Total
6,486 $
536,544
-$82.72 per head.
l
l
I know as well as anybody else that in no kind of domestic animals there is such a difference in value as in horses, but such a difference as we find between the valuations of some towns and others can not, and do not exist among horses in our county. The greater number of our horses are common stock, kept for common purposes, and only very few animals can be rated at fancy priees, stallions for breeding always excepted. The average price per head for the whole county is, according to my estimation, rather low, but I find that just where we might expect a high price in the sche- dule, we find a rather low one, and the reverse. My remarks in the table point to some surprises, rather than actual errors, which, however, are not only possible but highly probable. A most astonishing revelation, I think, is the statement that there are but 13 horses in the city of Alma. I am not quite sure, but there are more than that in the first ward, and were in 1885.
394
AGRICULTURE.
The following' table is given at the end of all the others as relating to the " hired help " required in all the different branches enumerated in the preceding ones. " The calculation per head dur- ing the whole year I have made myself from the statements given on the left side. This is the most astonishing of all the tables relating to the agricultural statistics of Buffalo County, and it seems impossible to explain the statements.
AGRICULTURAL, EMPLOYEES.
-
TOWNS, VILLAGES AND CITIES.
Men ' employed.
Wages includ-' ing board.
Wages per man during the year.
Alma ..
23
$ 576.50
$ 25.04
Alma, city
198
.3,770.00
19:04
Buffalo
27
1,760.00
65.18
Buffalo, city
119
516.00
4.33
Canton
13!
1,540.00
118.46
Cross
20
262.00
13.15
Dover.
43
3,050.00
70.93
Fountain City
11
2,313.00
210.27
Gilmanton
52
11,681.00
224.63 '
Glencoe.
32
4,689.00
146.53
Lincoln
50
7,675.00
153.50
Maxville
19
4,095.00
215.52
Milton.
34
1,305.00
38.08
Modena
23
3,652.00
158.78
Mondovi
22
2,430.00
110.45
Montana
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