The Wisconsin blue book 1889, Part 1

Author: Wisconsin. Office of the Secretary of State. Legislative manual of the State of Wisconsin; Wisconsin. Bureau of Labor and Industrial Statistics. Blue book of the State of Wisconsin; Industrial Commission of Wisconsin; Wisconsin. State Printing Board; Wisconsin. Legislature. Legislative Reference Library; Wisconsin. Legislature. Legislative Reference Bureau; Wisconsin. Blue book of the State of Wisconsin
Publication date: 1889
Publisher: Madison
Number of Pages: 1206


USA > Wisconsin > The Wisconsin blue book 1889 > Part 1


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org.


Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41 | Part 42 | Part 43 | Part 44 | Part 45 | Part 46 | Part 47 | Part 48 | Part 49 | Part 50 | Part 51 | Part 52 | Part 53 | Part 54 | Part 55 | Part 56 | Part 57 | Part 58 | Part 59 | Part 60 | Part 61 | Part 62 | Part 63 | Part 64 | Part 65 | Part 66 | Part 67 | Part 68



753W 889


593346


REYNOLDS HISTORICAL GENEALOGY COLLECTION


ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY


n 3 1833 01715 8459


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Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2013


http://archive.org/details/wisconsinblueboo00wisc 0


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1. 1 2. J 3. F 4. H


NAMES.


DIST.


Avery, Frank 14


NAMES. DIST.


Buckstaff, Geo. II 19


Main, Willett S. 26


Clawson, P. J. 12


14


Mend, M. C. 00


Cooper, II. A 3


32


18


De Groff, Jolm W


Miller, Wm. 30


Dyson, Thos. A. 31


16


Nash, Wit. F 15


Fitch, George


Persons, E. W. 2


Fritz, Theodore 5


8


30


Pettibone, Chas. A 13


Greene, Walter S. 23


33


Pond, Levl E. 27


Joiner, R. I ..


Price, HI. H ... 32


Kempf, John J


67.


Reynolds, J. C ..


Kennedy, Win,


Rust, William A


Kidd, Edward I. 16


. 20?


19


Kroeger, Herinan =


Stanchiledd, S B.


Wwvahy, John E


Taylor, H. A. 10


Lochen, Peter 33


Taylor, Chas, S


Lovejoy, Allen P 17


5


REPORTERS


3 3


CHIEF CLERK


11


7


D


PRESIDENTS ROOM


POST OFFICE


PRESICENT


B


SERGT-AT - ARMS


CHIEF CLERK'S ROOM


LADIES LOBBY


GENTLEMEN'S LOBBY


ROOM


OFFICERS ..


President -- GEORGE W. RYLAND, Lieutenant Governor. President pro tem .- THOMAS A. DYSON.


Chief Clerk - CHARLES E. BRoss. Sergeant-at- Arms - T. J. GEORGE.


REPORTERS.


5. CHAS. E. WHELAN, Wivousca State Journal.


6. Go W. STONE, Marion Democrat.


T. W.M. A. RUBLEE, Milansise Sentinel.


8. GEO. K. HoYT, Chicago Psdbrune.


9. O. D. BRANDENBURG, Chicago Inter-Ocean.


10. W. II. BENNETT, Madison Evening News. 11. E. R. PETHERICK, La Crosse Chronicle.


12 PAUL HAEDICKE, Mdirankee Herold.


1. WM. IRVINE, Oshkosh Northwestern.


2. J. J. EsCH, Eau Claire Leader.


3. I'RED II. HESS, Ashland News.


4. FRANK MARKLE, Milwaukee Evening Wisconsin.


1


15


23


Merrill, George F. 11


3


OF THE'


5


21


27


188.90


Scofield, Edward 1


SENATE


Widudle, Christian


4


NAMES.


SEAT.


NAMES.


SEAT.


Allen, Dwight S


83


Allen, Phillip, 80


23


Anderson, J. S.


84


Babrock, J. W.


20


Bailey, S. J.


44


Baker, P. O.


41


Mond, L. H.


Barney, J. A.


MeCourt. J. H


Bitire, M. P.


61


Brunett. M. J.


01


MoGorhan, R. J


Blyton, W. H.


28


Medilachlin, E.


Buchan, Alfred L.


90


MeMulleu. W. V


Caldwell, Gro. F.


82


Miller, W. 1.


Chesak, Joseph ..


67


Mills, Thas. B., Speaker.


Christinansen, Gro.


UC


Miner, Gyms .. Mohr. C. F ..


Conner, Edward ..


17


Moore, Chas, W


Coolidge, Evan.


16


Osborn, Clus. F 35


Craite, Isaac. .


7


Curtis, Mark.


10


De Lap, R. H.


12


Pratt, Cho. W


Dennis, W. L.


18


Raesser. C. 8


Detling. Valentine


683


Ring. M. (.


Dill, Daniet 1.


35


Dorwin. V. W.



1


56


Elkert, Charles


31


Shear, Thos. . ].


Elston, A. C. V.


Showalter, R. B.


Fehland, H. R


68


*


Fehlundt, William.


69


Simmons, C. F


Fresruan, James W.


3


CHIEI CIERK


1


Smith, Willian.


113


Grny. A. I ...


Smith, K. C.


Hagestad, K. K.


81


Sophens, David,


Honton, Theodore


34


SPEAKER


CLOAK & HAT ROOM


Hill, Thomas


43


Stoddart. Joli


Hogan, Jamies .J.


Tarrant, Henry ..


Horn, Fred W


Thomas, Atros


Inbas, Lonis I.


Watson, 1. W.


Jackson, R. W.


1-


VESTIBULE.


Wiry, Joseph.


Julnisan, Hans


ROOM


Whelan, .1. W


Keogh, Edward


GENTLEMEN'S LOBBY


Wmans, Gra


Kizer, F. C ..


Kimefelter, H G.


Knapstein, T. K.


Speaker -Tnos. B. MILLS.


1. S. S. ROCKWOOD, Portage Reyister.


2. S. M. CURTIS, St. Paul Globe.


3. GEo. W. STONE, Chicago Times.


4. PAY1. HTAEDICKE, Milwaukee Herold.


5 E. R. PErHentes, Milwaukee Jourand.


OFFICERS. Chief Clerk - E. D. CoE.


REPORTERS.


6. WM. A. RUBLEE, AMIrah. . Sentinel.


7. WM. C. DONOVAN, Mintson Pvmaerot.


8. O. D. BRANDENDURA. Wwwconan Stufe Journal.


9. FRANK MARKLE, Milastak .. Frening Wixcansin.


10. R. F. Theos, Maria Poranny Sen.


H1. J. J. Esen. Iat Crosse Republican and Ixader.


12. FRED H. Iss, Eau Claire Free Press.


13. Gro. E. Hovr, Oshkosh Times.


11. WS. IRVINE, Oshkosh Northwestern.


.


Legler, 11. E ...


Leonard, Peter 11


Lawhr, Peter. 11


24


5,7


12 8


Bemnnant, Eph 40


47


51 53 56 57 58


9


Burgess, D. L. 91


98


99


70


Clifford, Patrick ..


53


69


92


9


09


Oliver, E. C ..


Corbrit, C. A


32


C


C


Paddock, B. G


33


39


87


R3


U


33


OF THE ASSEMBLY CHAMBER


Siebers, Henry


Fehl, Carl R


6 PLAKERS ROOM


POST O. VICE


Shipwrecki. E. !


Running, J. W ..


Solo, Thos. F


Hall, Charles,


21


Steekhe ;. Jl. M ..


CHIEF CLERK'S ROOM


SERGT-AT-ARMS


LADIES LOBBY


Wipt, Jacob


Woller, Frank L.


Connor, Robert.


81


99


5


62


Porter, lhigh


Pratt, M. V


Scheibe, Fill P'


Selmundt, Casper.


Dimm, Michael ..


DIAGRAM


REPIRTERS


La Selle, Win. B.


19


21 1 20


15


29 26 8 27 26 / 23


Lyon, .hmmmes R.


Martin. N. T


MeCoy, J. R.


M.Flroy, W. J.


10


R 8


Millanl B. F.


95


grant.at-Arms - F. E. PARSONS.


BOOK


OF THE


SAVIE DE WISCONSIN


NARO


/


THE MILWAUKEE LITHO &ENCIt.CO.


COMPILED AND PUBLISHED BY


ERNST G.TIMME.


SECRETARY OF STATE.


IS89.


1593346


PREFACE.


Two years ago I tried the experiment of compiling the " Blue Book " wholly in this depart- ment, with the aid of the clerical force, and from the gratuitous expression of approval from the legislature and the public generally, the book must have been regarded as very acceptable. The legislature immediately ordered a second edition, large enough to supply one copy to every school district and high school in the state, as well as one to every public library -- thus recognizing its educational, as well as its statistical value. The present vol- ume has been compiled in the same manner. It has not only been re-compiled, but a large number of new features added. The old ideal pictures of our state institutions have been mostly replaced by actual cuts. Among the new or changed features will be found a list of members of Wisconsin legislature continued up to 1889, inclusive, alphabetically; electoral vote by states, 1860-1888; comparative table, popular vote, 1584-1888, with plurali- ties, by states; vote for president and governor, 1888, by counties, towns, cities and elec- tion districts; population 1885, with pluralities; comparative table presidential vote 1584- 1888, by counties; same, president and governor, 1888; official vote for circuit judges, 1997-88; official vote for members of congress, 1SS8; financial transactions showing amounts received from and paid to counties, 1888; post-offices, by townships; number of pension claims pre- sented and allowed by United States government, 1861-1888; number paid in Wisconsin, by counties, with amounts, quarter ending June 3, 1888; number of acres of public domain and forests; immigration into United States; troops engaged in civil war; list of consuls and con- sular agents of United States, 1887, with salary, etc .; public libraries in Wisconsin: party platforms, state and national; new cuts; maps of congressional, senate and assembly dis- tricts and judicial circuits, with population, 1885; members of 51st congress; internal reve- nue districts in Wisconsin, with territory embraced; United States government land offices. Trusting that this Blue Book will be found to be an improvement over that of 1857, I again invite intelligent criticism from the public.


E. G. T.


T


-


PUBLICATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF BLUE BOOKS.


CHAPTER 14, LAWS OF 1882 ..


AN ACT to amend chapter 123 of the laws of 1880, in relation to the distribution of the Blue Book.


The people of the State of Wisconsin, represented lin Senate and Assembly do enact as follows :


SECTION 1. Section 1 of chapter 123 of the laws of 1880, entitled an act to amend chap- ter 141 of the laws of 1879, in relation to the distribution of Blue Books, is hereby amended so as to read as follows: The secretary of state shall cause to be printed eight thousand copies of such Blue Book at each regular session of the Wisconsin legislature, to be dis" tributed as follows: Fifty copies to each member of the senate and assembly. five copies each to the chief clerks and sergeants-at-arms of the two houses. one copy to each of the clerks and employes of the two houses, whose names appear in the Blue Book: one copy to the clerk of each standing committee, fifty copies each to the governor, secretary of state and superintendent of public instruction; twenty-five copies each to the lieutenant-gover- nor, state treasurer, attorney general, and insurance and railroad commissioner; two copies each to the rest of the state officers in the capitol, and one to each of their assistants; one copy each to the state agricultural society, the state horticultural society, the state board of charities and reform, and to the academy of arts and science; one copy to the home office of the Wisconsin humane society, and one copy to each branch office of said society; one copy to each regent of the state university and normal schools; one copy to each of the college, academy, free high school, normal school and free public libraries of the state, and to the state penal and charitable institutions; one copy each to the county clerks and su- perintendents of schools of the several counties in this state, and to the clerk of the supreme court of the United States courts for Wisconsin; one copy each to the reporters in regular attendance on the legislature; one copy to each justice of the supreme court, to each judge of the United States courts sitting within this state, circuit judge and county judge, ' and sixty copies to the state historical society, and one copy to each member of the state board of health. The remainder shall be kept by the secretary of state, who shall deliver to the superintendent of public property, at the commencement of each session of the legislature, one hundred and thirty-seven copies, to be by him distributed to the members of the legislature, and to the chief clerks and sergeants-at-arms of each house at the open- ing of the session; the remainder to be kept for exchange. One copy of such Blue Book for each justice of the supreme court, state officer and each member of the senate and as- sembly and the chief clerks thereof, shall be bound in half morocco and be lettered with the name of the person entitled to receive it. Each county clerk receiving such Blue Book shall preserve and deliver the same to his successor in office, and it shall be for the use of all persons desiring to use the same in the office of said clerk. The expense for preparing and publishing such Blue Book, other than such as is covered by the contract with the state printer, shall be fixed by the secretary of state and paid out of the state treasury.


SECTION 2. The provisions of this act shall be construed to apply to the publication and distribution for the year 1882.


SECTION 3. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage and pub- lication.


. Approved February 23, 1882.


TABLE OF CONTENTS.


PART I .- Pages 1-106. Constitution of the United States. Constitution of Wisconsin. Jefferson's Manual. Precedents and Forms. Rules of the Assembly. Rules of the Senate. Joint Rules.


PART II. - Pages 109-190. Outline of Wisconsin History. Officers of Territorial Government. Territorial Legislatures. Constitutional Conventions. Officers of State Government. Members of Wisconsin Legislatures since 1848. State Legislatures, 1880-1889, inclusive. Presidential Electors. Representatives in Congress since 1836. U. S. Presidents and Vice-Presidents. Presidents pro tem. of Senate. Speakers of House of Representatives, 1st to 51st Congress.


PART III .- Election Statistics, Pages 193-266. Electoral vote 1860-1888. Comparative table Presidential, 1884-1888, by states, with pluralities. Popular vote for President since 1856. Popular and Electoral Vote for President since 1789. Presidential Vote by Towns, 1888. Gubernatorial Vote by Towns, 1888. Population by Towns, 1885. Vote for State Officers, 1888. Vote for Members of Congress, 188S. Votes for Associate Justice of Supreme Court. Votes for Circuit Judges Votes on Amendments to Constitution Relating to Education.


PART IV .- State Finances. 269-292. State Indebtedness. Trust Funds. Valuation and State Tax for 1887-88. Assessment by State and County Boards. How Taxes were Expended. Indebtedness of Counties. Indebtedness of Towns, Cities and Villages. Financial transactions between State and the several counties, showing amount received from and paid to 1888. Real Estate Valuation, 1888.


iv


TABLE OF CONTENTS.


PART V .- Pages 295-372.


The Wisconsin Press. Post-offices in Wisconsin. By Townships. Post-offices of 1st, 2d and 3d classes.


Post-office Regulations. Post-offices in each State and Territory. Population of the United States, 1810-1880. Population of Wisconsin, 1836-1885. Population and Nativity.


Population and Area. Comparative Tables. Congressional Districts. Public Schools of the United States.


Principal Countries of the World.


Pensions Paid in United States and State.


Qualifications of Voters.


List of United States Pension Agents, with location and territory.


Value of Foreign Coins.


Forests (Acres), in United States.


Immigration into the United States.


Statistics of Illiteracy.


Wars of United States, Troops Engaged.


Land Grants. Public Domain, Acres.


Legal Hollidays.


Miles of Railroad.


Voting Population of State and United States.


Private and State Banks.


Public Debt. Public Libraries in Wisconsin. State Central Committees. National and State Platform for 1888.


PART VI .- State Institutions, Pages 374-415. Educational Institutions - University, Normal Schools. Charitable, Penal and Reformatory Institutions.


PART VIL- Pages 419- 484.


The State and United States Judiciary. United States Government. State Government - Heads of Departments. Fifty-first Congress. Revenue Districts in Wisconsin.


Diplomatic and Consular Service. State Boards, Societies and Associations. State Militia. County Officers. Statistical List of Members and Employes of the Legislature. Standing Committees of the Legislature.


PART VIII .- Pages 487-522.


Biographies of Senators and Congressmen. Biographies of State Officers. Biographies of Senators. Biographies of Members of Assembly.


GENERAL INDEX.


LIST OF NAMES.


- 7


-


ILLUSTRATIONS.


Pago.


Capitol


Frontispiece


Diagram of Senate Chamber


Diagram of Assembly


School for Deaf.


Front Front 127 160 193


Industrial School for Girls.


Industrial School for Boys


A Wisconsin Dairy and Stock Farm


State University


Washburn Observatory.


Platteville Normal School


Whitewater Normal School.


Oshkosh Normal School .


River Falls Normal School


Milwaukee Normal School.


State Hospital for Insane.


Northern Hospital for Insane.


School for Blind.


State Prison


State Public School


Soldiers' National Home


State Fish Hatchery


Wisconsin Veterans' Home


Light Horse Squadron Armory


Congressional Districts


Senatorial Districts


Assembly Districts


Back


Judicial Circuits


377 384 891 393 393 334 395 402 403 407 410 411 414 454 462 464 Back Back


Back


-


PART I.


CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. CONSTITUTION OF WISCONSIN. JEFFERSON'S MANUAL. CUSTOMS, PRECEDENTS AND FORMS. RULES AND ORDERS.


1


CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.


PREAMBLE.


WE, the people of the United States, in order to form a more- perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.


ARTICLE I.


SECTION 1. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. ·


SECTION 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen every second year by the people of the several States, and the electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors for the most numerous branch of the State legislature.


No person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained the age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen.


Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several states which may be included within this Union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to serv- ice for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the Con- gress of the United States, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each State shall have at least one Representative; and until such enu- meration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and Georgia three.


When vacancies happen in the representation from any State, the executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies.


The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other officers, and shall have the sole power of impeachment.


SECTION 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the legislature thereof, for six years; and each senator shall have one vote.


Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The seats of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year; of the second class, at the expiration of the fourth year, and of the third class, at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one-third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen by resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the legislature of any State, the executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next meeting of the legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies.


No person shall be a Senator, who shall not have attained to the age of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant or that State for which he shall be chosen.


The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no vote unless they be equally divided.


The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President pro tempore in the absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the office of President of the I'nited States.


The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When sitting for that purpose, they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the President of the United States is


4


WISCONSIN BLUE BOOK.


tried, the Chief Justice shall preside; and no person shall be convicted without the concur- rence of two-thirds of the members present.


Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from office. and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust or profit under the United States; but the party convicted shall, nevertheless, be liable and subject to indictment. trial, judgment and punishment, according to law.


SECTION 4. The times, places, and manner of holding elections for Senators and Repre- sentatives shall be prescribed in each State by the legislature thereof: but the Congress may at any time by law make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators.


The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law appoint a different day.


SECTION 5. Each house shall be the judge of the elections, returns, and qualifications of Its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business: but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attend- ance of absent members, in such manner and under such penalties, as each house may provide.


Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members for disorderly behavior, and with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member.


Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may in their judgment require secrecy, and the yeas and nays of the members of either house on any question shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the journal.


Neither house, during the session of Congress, shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting.


SECTION 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compensation for their serv- ices, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States. They shall, in all cases except treason, felony and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their respective houses. and in going to and return- ing from the same; and for any speech or debate in either house, they shall not be ques- tioned in any other place.


No Senator or Representative shall. during the time for which he was elected, be ap- pointed to any civil office under the authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased during such time; and no person holding any office under the United States shall be a member of either house during his continuance in office.


SECTION 7. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments as on other bills.


Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the President of the United States; if he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his objections to that house in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such reconsideration two-thirds of that house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of that house it shall become a law. But in all cases the votes cf both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sun- days excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless Congress by their adjournment prevents its return, in which case it shell not be a law.


Every order, resolution or vote to which the concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of adjournment) shall be presented to the President of the United States; and before the same shall take effect, shall be ap- proved by him, or, being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two-thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case af & bill


SECTION 8. The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and axcises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States; but all duties, imposta and excises shall be uniform throughout the l'aited States;


To borrow money on the credit of the United States;


5


CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.


To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several States and with the Indian tribes;


To establish an uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bank- ruptcies throughout the United States;


To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures;


To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States;


To establish post offices and post roads;


To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries;


To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court;


To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offenses against the laws of nations;


To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water;


To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years;


To provide and maintain a navy;


To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces;


To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insur- rections and repel invasions;


To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militis accord- ing to the discipline prescribed by Congress;




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