USA > Wisconsin > Racine County > Racine county in the world war > Part 12
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The letter carriers of the city delivered and sold 73,377 War Stamps, each of a value of $5 and over 100,000 Thrift Stamps.
The remainder of the stamps sold in the dis- trict outside of Burlington, were sold through banks.
The Burlington postoffice distributed $103,-
RACINE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR
105
OFFICIALS OF THE DISTRICT APPEAL BOARD LOCATED AT RACINE
The Appeal Board had jurisdiction over appeals made from seventeen Local Boards in Waukesha, Sheboygan, Fond du Lac, Ozaukee, Green, Marquette, Dodge, Washington and Racine counties. The members were (above) Gen. Harrington, Elkhorn ; A. J. Horlick, Racine; Stephen Benish, Racine (below) Chester D. Barnes, Kenosha; Ilarry W. Bolens, Port Washington; Dr. Grove Harkness, Waukesha.
LEGAL ADVISORY BOARD OF THE COUNTY
The board consisted of (left to right in picture)-Fulton Thompson, Peter J. Myers and Geo. W. Waller.
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RACINE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR
387.61 of War Savings and $3,317 in Thrift Stamps, the latter having been purchased by children. Pledges which were made to the campaign workers were fulfilled to a very high percentage, the committees reported, thus again proving the loyalty of the residents of Racine county.
It is regretted that the names of all who served in various capacities in the Liberty Loan and other war fund work do not appear in the official lists made during the final weeks, but the explanation of the omission of many names appears in another place. As example of such instances may be cited two typical ones. Mrs. Harry Mann was the major of a women's team in the first four Liberty Loan drives and did most excellent work, but as she was unable to participate in the fifth drive, her name does not appear in the list in this chap- ter. She was also chairman of the Girls' Serv- ice Units. Ed Makovsky was recognized as one of the most active workers for the Liberty Loans and War Relief funds in the town of Calendonia, in the team captained by Frank Renak, but by some oversight his name was not in the official record at all. Probably there are other cases of the same sort.
County War Relief Fund
One of the most ingenious plans growing out of war conditions was the Racine County War Relief Fund. It was designed to enable people to contribute money to war relief work of various kinds, with the assurance that it would be expended intelligently. Besides this, and equally as important, it did away with any obligation, moral or otherwise, to give money to any other project excepting for the pur- chase of government securities.
In brief, the scheme provided for a central council of fifteen men who would act as trus- tees for this fund. They would receive appli- cations for money from the various welfare and relief organizations, consider their merits, and appropriate from the treasury such pro- portion of the money on hand as they felt was reasonable and wise. If a request was not ap- proved, the citizens in general were justified in feeling that the cause was not worthy of their individual support.
The money was raised by voluntary, but very general, contributions in amounts based upon the earnings of the donor. All employes were expected to give the equivalent of one-half hour's work per week to the fund. The pay clerks were to deduct this from the employes' pay. The employer would add an equal sum and give the total to the committee. Indi-
viduals who could not be classed as either em- ployers or employes were put upon their honor to give a proportionate sum, and send their check to headquarters once a month.
The factories and stores co-operated with such good effect that they were represented by 100 per cent contributions in almost every plant and store.
A thorough canvass was made of all per- sons in the city and county not thus reached. In cases where they had bank accounts, they signed a card which was kept by the commit- tee and which, when presented to their banks after the first day of each month, authorized the bank to pay out the specified amount from their accounts to the fund. In other instances the people merely signed a pledge card prom- ising to pay a certain sum each month.
The secretary of the committee kept track of all the individual pledges and saw that the money was forthcoming. The employers did the accounting insofar as it affected their em- ployes, and sent a check for the total at regu- lar intervals.
The proposition was so entirely fair, and at the same time so necessary, that it became almost compulsory. A man seeking a job was frequently required to show that he gave to the War Relief Fund and had bought Liberty Bonds, before he could obtain a position.
The idea of the fund above described origi- nated in Kenosha. Secretary Walter H. Reed of the Commercial Club learned that it was be- ing discussed there and made inquiries. On Dec. 17, 1917, he brought up the subject at a meeting of the Commercial Club and strongly urged its adoption. His suggestions received instant support, because there were dozens of patriotic organizations planning campaigns to raise huge sums, and the average citizen felt helpless to refuse them or to decide intelli- gently between them if forced, for financial reasons, to make a choice.
The president of the Commercial club, P. T. Stoffel, appointed F. Lee Norton, J. H. Bran- num, Walter H. Reed, Fulton Thompson and Herbert F. Johnson to arrange for the pro- posed organization.
The committee was authorized to increase its membership if it desired, and it decided upon a total membership of fifteen. The addi- tional ones appointed were William Horlick, Jr., L. P. Christensen, John H. Dwight, George Jorgenson, John D. Jones, Jr., C. Roy Me- Canna. F. J. Osius, M. H. Pettit, J. V. Rohan and Stuart Webster. Mr. Webster resigned in September, 1918, and W. T. Harvey succeeded
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RACINE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR
12
QUOTA FOR CAMP GRANT SEPTEMBER 5, 1918 FROM BOARD NO. 1
There were listed for entrainment the following :- Fred Wm. Storm, William Reiter, Edward Nelson, Martin Nelson, Walter Johnson, Louis Philip, Oscar Brunson, John Collins, William Wolff, August L. Hanson, George Dvorak, John Haller, Walter Felixson, Richard Kautz. William Seliwonchik, Jacob C. Jacobsen, August Wolff, George A. Buerk.
QUOTA FOR LEWIS INSTITUTE, CHICAGO, AND VALPARAISO, IND., JULY 15, 1918 FROM BOARD NO. 2
There were listed for entrainment the following :- Viggo P. A. Hansen, Harry B. LaMeer, Eugene Tuttle, Martin L. Poulson, Roy O. Moore, Archie F. Jayne, Bernard Stellberg. John Theordore Corombo, William King, John Joseph Kropp, Walter C. Maibohm, Arthur Johnson, Alfred Johnson, Fred Thoennes, Anton Nichols, Wm. James Andersen. With the group are evidently others from other dates, making a larger contingent than the quota.
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RACINE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR
him. Mr. Norton was chairman, Mr. Johnson vice-chairman, Mr. Horlick treasurer, and Horace P. Edmands was secured as an execu- tive secretary. The outline of the plan was put into writing and approved by the Council of Defense, Commercial club and business men in general. On Dec. 20, 1917, a meeting of manufacturers was called to arrange the de- tails of methods of handling factory subscrip- tions.
On March 18, 1918, a ten-day campaign was put on to get everyone to sign the pledge cards and the remarkable number of 27,207 people in the county subscribed. This was fully a third of all the men, women and chil- dren in the county. It was understood that the pledges were to remain in effect until the termination of the war and that any funds then left on hand could be used in the dis- cretion of the committee for some public charitable purpose.
All of the soldiers' and sailors' welfare organizations were beneficiaries of the fund. It was customary in national drives for money for the Y. M. C. A., Red Cross, Salvation Army, Knights of Columbus, War Camp Community Service, American Library Bureau, Jewish Welfare Board, etc., to allot a certain amount to be raised in each county throughout the nation, and through the local relief fund here these assessments could be met without fur- ther solicitation or trouble.
The Racine County War Relief fund was variously known as the War Chest, Patriots' Fund, and other titles, most of which had been applied to similar organizations in other cities.
A total of $500,880.06 was paid into the fund, and about $300,000 had been expended when the armistice was signed. A balance of $130,000 remained on Nov. 11, 1919, and the committee of fifteen were still trying to decide what to do with it.
The subscribers to the fund included:
One hundred and thirteen factories, 12,318 factory employes, 221 merchants, 755 em- ployes of merchants, 3,568 personal pledges from the city of Racine and 4,232 subscribers of all classes in the county outside of Racine. The country subscribers were divided as fol- lows:
Towns of Burlington, 278; Caledonia, 482; Dover, 230; Mount Pleasant, 420; Norway, 211; Raymond, 344; Rochester, 53; Waterford, 252; Yorkville, 283; City of Burlington, 975; Villages of Corliss, 137; Rochester, 91; Union Grove, 244; Waterford, 231.
The factories and merchants and their em- ployes gave $364,870. The personal pledges
in the city netted $88,246. The other portions of the county gave as follows:
Town of Burlington
$ 2,534.70
Town of Caledonia 5,557.51
Town of Dover. 2,994.60
Town of Mount Pleasant 5,259.79
Town of Norway. 1,688.00
Town of Raymond. 2.302.27
Town of Rochester 510.00
Town of Waterford 2,342.30
Town of Yorkville 2,739.45
City of Burlington 16,000.00
Village of Corliss. 1,440.47
Village of Rochester
704.37
Village of Union Grove 1,969.00
Village of Waterford
1,720.66
Total $47,763.12
At the meeting held May 13, 1918, it was agreed that in order to gain a comprehensive knowledge of the various organizations doing war relief work, who had already or who might in the future ask for appropriations from this fund, it would be necessary to formulate a questionnaire that would meet the requirements of the Committee of Fifteen.
A committee consisting of M. H. Pettit, J. H. Brannum, and Fulton Thompson was ap- pointed to meet with the Secretary and draft a form of questionnaire, with the result that the following form was presented and ap- proved by the full committee:
"The Racine County War Relief Fund Com- mittee of Racine County, Wisconsin, being the custodians of a Public Fund raised for War Relief purposes only, can make no disburse- ments for any purpose unless full informa- tion is given them regarding the objects for which the money is used, and the conditions surrounding its expenditure. Applicants for contributions are, therefore, requested to fill out the following questionnaire, to be filed with the records of the Committee:
1. Is your committee or organization incor- porated ? (Yes or no)
2. (a) Have you a national organization ? (Yes or no).
(b) Give the names and addresses of officers of your National Organization.
3. (a) What is the total amount of fund now to be raised throughout the country ?
(b) For how long a period ?
4. What amount was raised and disbursed by your committee in 19 __ _?
5. (a) Have you a Wisconsin State Or- ganization ? (Yes or no)
RACINE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR
109
LOCAL BOARD FOR RACINE COUNTY LOCATED AT BURLINGTON
The members were (at the top) George Ela, A. J. Topp, secretary ; John J. Wishau, (below) Dr. F. A. Malone and L. H. Rohr, chairman.
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PRICE COMMITTEE OF THE U. S. FOOD COMMISSION AT RACINE
At the rear are Jens Jensen, Wm. Erick, J. E. Evans and J. J. Otradevec. Seated at the table are Fred Radewan, Frank Luxem, Lester Bowman, W. T. Harvey, S. W. Chamberlin, Charles Christensen, Sidney Mikulecky.
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RACINE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR
(b) Give the names and addresses of officers of your State Organization.
6. What amount, derived from any source, was paid out in salaries or commis- sions in 19_ ?
Furnish the number of people working on salaries or commissions and cite representative salaries or commissions paid, including the highest.
7. What is the salary or commission ex- pense contemplated for 19 ___ in na- tional or local organization.
8. Is this application a part of a general campaign throughout the United States for funds? (Yes or no)
9. State ratio of expense to relief in such a way that our committee can ascer- tain what proportion of money con- tributed by Racine County War Re- lief Fund will go to actual relief.
10. State how you believe the Racine County Relief Fund should contribute to this campaign, together with your reasons for this and any computation upon which they are based.
(The population of Racine County is 65,000.)
11. On what basis was the quota of Racine County determined ?
12. Is the above pro rata set up as Racine's "Fair share" in line with an equally suitable call upon all other communi- ties of approximately the same size ?
13. Are equal monthly payments satisfac- tory ? ( Yes or no)
14. If not, state reason.
15. State specifically how money is to be spent by giving budget, or listing large items.
16. (a) Is this work in any way a duplica-
tion of the American Red Cross ? (Yes or no)
(b) Or any other national organization now in existence? (Yes or no)
17. Why is this not a duplication of the Red Cross work ?
18. Does not the Home Service Department of the Red Cross do this work?
19. Explain as fully as possible why there should be a special organization for this work.
20. What various kinds of work will your funds be used for?
21. Give the names and amounts other war chest fund committees are appropriat- ing to your fund.
22. What other similar committees or or- ganization are collecting for or dupli- cating your work ?
23. Under whose authority or by whose ap- proval or sanction is your fund being raised ?
24. Make any further statements you think will assist the committee in making a just decision as to your application.
"The foregoing questionnaire has been filled out accurately for the
at this by
their duly authorized agent. Signed.
"Without the satisfactory filling out of this questionnaire no war relief organization seek- ing money for their work will receive an ap- propriation."
Each questionnaire, as well as all other available information was scrutinized care- fully and if thought necessary the organiza- tions seeking appropriations were requested to give further information.
A summary of the organizations to which appropriations have been made, together with the amounts appropriated, is shown on the op- posite page.
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RACINE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR
REPORT OF WAR RELIEF FUND, JANUARY 1, 1920
Organization
Date
Amount
National Surgical Dressings Committee.
Apr.
9, 1918
$ 21.76
Armenian-Syrian Relief
May
6, 1918.
5,000.00
Salvation Army
May
6, 1918
6,000.00
Woman's Committee (Soldiers and Sailors' Canteen)-
$1,000.00
May 6, 1918 Jan. 27, 1919
116.57
Jan. 27, 1919
1,000.00
Apr. 14, 1919.
2,616.57
Franco-American Corrective Surgical Appliance Committee.
May 15, 1918
250 00
American National Red Cross.
$50,000.00
May 13, 1918
Memberships
26,755.00
Dec. 9, 1918
76,755.00
Racine Chapter Red Cross
5,000.00
May 15, 1918
10,000.00
Sept. 9, 1918
15,000.00
Boy Scouts of America
July
8, 1918
2,500.00
Comforts Forwarding Committee (Christian Science)
July
8, 1918
1,200.00
Fatherless Children of France- $3,650.00 3,650.00
Mar. 10, 1919
7,300.00
American Chocolate Fund.
Aug. 16, 1918.
200.00
Methodist War Relief Fund.
Aug. 12, 1918.
1,200.00
American Jewish Relief Committee.
Sept. 9, 1918
10,000.00
Nurses' Fund
. Sept. 9, 1918.
180.71
Medical Advisory Board.
Sept. 9, 1918
(Reclamation work on men to fit them for the service)
St. Luke's Hospital.
$ 93.90
St. Mary's Hospital. 779.75
Burlington Hospital 86.43
Oct. 14, 1918
500.00
French Heroes' Lafayette Mem. Fund
Oct. 14, 1918
1,000.00
** United War Work Fund.
Nov. 11, 1918.
185,000.00
Y. M. C. A. .58.65 per cent
Y. W. C. A.
8.80 per cent
K. of C. 17.60 per cent
Jewish Welfare Bd.
2.05 per cent
War Camp Service.
8.80 per cent
American Liberty Association .
2.05 per cent
Salvation Army
2.05 per cent
Children of the Frontier.
Nov. 25, 1918
500.00
Permanent Blind Relief Fund.
Nov. 25, 1918.
1,500.00
Polish Victims' Relief Fund.
Nov. 25, 1918.
6,000.00
Committee for Relief in the Near East
Jan. 15, 1919 18,000.00
Roumanian Relief Committee.
Jan. 27, 1919.
325.00
American Fund for French Wounded.
Jan. 27, 1919.
1,000.00
National Lutheran Council
Feb. 10, 1919.
3,500.00
Serbian Aid Fund.
. Nov. 25, 1918.
200.00
Apr. 14, 1919.
500.00
American Jugo-Slav Relief.
Mar. 10, 1919
650.00
Italian War Relief Fund of America
Mar. 10, 1919.
1,000.00
Permanent Blind Relief Fund.
July 21, 1919.
1,500.00
Near East Relief Committee
Dec. 16, 1919
12,000.00
Total
** Balance unpaid Jan. 1, 1920.
$362,359.12 60,000.00
960.08
National Allied Relief Committee.
July
8, 1918
500.00
CHAPTER XV
RACINE CHAPTER, AMERICAN RED CROSS
T HE American Red Cross is the greatest relief organization in the world. Main- tained in peace time to render prompt service in emergencies due to fire, famine, wrecks, storms, epidemics and other disasters, it also is constantly prepared to meet such de- mands as may be made upon it in time of war.
When the World War began the American Red Cross sent hospital units and supplies for civilian sufferers to all the belligerent countries impartially, but it never lost sight of the fact that America might be drawn into the conflict and the government would need all the co-op- eration which the Red Cross could give. Plans were made early in 1914 for expanding the membership, raising funds, listing available nurses and physicians and outlining the poli- cies to be followed if a declaration of war should come.
As a result of the foresight of the society's officers, the activities of this splendid organi- zation during our participation in the war can not but afford gratification to the hundreds of thousands of men, women and children who supported it so generously throughout the period.
When the armistice was signed, the Ameri- can Red Cross was operating twenty-two mili- tary hospitals, had treated 89,539 men in these institutions and had extended assistance in one form or another to 2,800 French hospitals as well as maintaining welfare workers in all American army hospitals. Its paid workers manufactured all the splints used by army surgeons, manufactured the nitrous oxide gas used as an anaesthetic, supervised emergency hospitals, diet kitchens, dispensaries and con- valescent homes.
More significant than those figures, howev- er, are the records of the labor performed at home by the army of women who saw in the Red Cross a suitable agency through which to do those things for the men in service which every patriotic woman wanted to do-to pro- vide comforts for the men aboard ship, in
camp, on the battlefields, and, above all, in the hospitals. The government authorized the Red Cross to perform many of those acts which made the lot of the soldier and sailor much more bearable, but which the authorities them- selves felt they were unable to do properly. The grim nature of a Department of War during hostilities did not lend itself readily to such tasks as writing letters for bed-ridden victims of battle, furnishing music and even flowers for homesick wounded men, informing parents of the whereabouts and health of their boys, buying games and books for convalescent patients or supplying wounded men with pa- jamas. Yet the sternest-visaged army com- manders realized that such things had actual value, as aids to recovery and maintaining the good spirits of men whose services might be needed again in the field.
To obtain the material necessary for Red Cross work, the women at home devoted every available moment. Without reward or even hope of official recognition of any sort, Ameri- can women prepared and delivered more than 22,000,000 surgical dressings in the last nine months of 1918; made thousands of quilts and comforters; provided enough pajamas and socks to furnish all that were needed to all of the wounded in base hospitals, and in ad- dition to these great tasks met every demand for garments for civilian sufferers in France and Belgium, and for numerous smaller re- quirements in the way of aprons, mittens, knit helmets and sleeveless sweaters for various branches of the army and navy.
The Red Cross was also able to supply the army with 77,000 surgical instruments, 3,000 cots and vast quantities of drugs from its re- serve stores.
Racine county was one of the banner counties in the country from the standpoint of propor- tionate production of supplies for the Red Cross. The chapter here was efficiently organ- ized and more than met every requisition made upon it. It had an actual membership
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RACINE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR
*
A
MEMBERS OF RACINE COUNTY'S COUNCIL OF DEFENSE
Those shown in the group are as follows:
Top Row-IIenry Caley, John D. Jones, Jr., Jacob Heim, S. B. Walker.
Second-Matt Lavin, N. C. Nelson, W. T. Harvey, M. H. Herzog, Robert Nugent.
Third-J. Z. Collier. L. Christensen, W. J. Hansche, A. C. Mehder, George W. Waller, Frank H. Miller.
Bottom-Peter T. Stoffel, William Horlick, Jr., Minnie I. Queekenstedt, F. Lee Norton, Mrs. W. G. Rasch, M. H. Pettit, Peter J. Myers.
There are missing :- A. S. Titus, W. B. Armstrong, J. H. Dwight. R. S. Preble, F. B. Renak. A. B. Steele, Albert Handson and Geo. Ela, whose pictures appear elsewhere in this work.
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RACINE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR
of 32,000 men and women who paid $1 a year for the privilege, and as the county had a to- tal population of barely 70,000 the member- ship figures show the almost unanimous co- operation given the Red Cross.
The policy of the Racine chapter was, in brief, to furnish everything asked by the na- tional organization, and as much more as pos- sible. The men of the county, particularly, were asked to provide all funds necessary for buying yarn, cloth and other material, and the women were to transform this into the articles required. The program was carried out with an enthusiasm and success which is a cause for real pride to every citizen of the community.
The Racine Chapter of the Red Cross was organized Sept. 20, 1915, with twelve charter members. The meeting had been called owing to the patriotic foresight of Mrs. William How- ard Crosby; working hand in hand with her and ably seconding every effort were Mrs. James G. Chandler and Mrs. Otis W. Johnson. At this first meeting, the following officers were chosen:
Chairman-Mrs. James G. Chandler.
Vice-Chairman-A. J. Horlick.
Secretary-Mrs. William H. Crosby. Treasurer-Malcolm Erskine.
Work was begun immediately to enlarge the membership, and gratifying results were at- tained. In January, 1917, at the request of J. J. O'Connor, manager of the central division of the Red Cross at Chicago, the constitution of the chapter was extended so as to include the entire county.
In April, 1917, Herbert F. Johnson was elect- ed chairman of the finance committee and largely as a result of his energetic manage- ment, the citizens of the county donated $118,- 000 to the Red Cross in the first War Fund campaign. The quota assigned to Racine county was only $60,000, and the procuring of nearly twice this amount shows plainly enough how the people felt toward the society which had been termed "the greatest mother in the world." Later, on the resignation of A. J. Horlick, Mr. Johnson was made vice-chairman.
At the first annual meeting of the Racine Chapter Mrs. Frank J. Miller was elected sec- rotary to succeed Mrs. Crosby, who resigned on account of ill health. Special recognition is due to Mrs. Miller for her service. The sec- retarial work had assumed enormous propor- tions, but no high salaried executive could have been more faithful or efficient. Assisting Mrs. Miller every day up to the time of her depar- ture from the city was Mrs. Ralph Wilson.
The following directors have served on the governing board of the Racine Chapter since its organization:
1916-J. G. Meachem, Mrs. F. J. Pope, elect- ed for one year; Mrs. E. C. Beyer, Mrs. Jas. E. Bush, Mrs. W. R. Kirkby, F. A. Morey and W. H. Reed, elected for two years; Mrs. Jas. G. Chandler, Mrs. W. H. Crosby, A. J. Horlick, Malcolm Erskine, and the Mesdames J. D. Hal- lowell, O. W. Johnson, W. T. Lewis, G. F. Me- Nitt and A. O. Simpkins, elected for three years.
1917-H. C. Baker, J. S. Blakey, A. F. Erick- son, M. J. Gillen, A. T. Titus, George A. Waller, Miss Bertha Kelley and the Mesdames John F. Clancy, Warren J. Davis, John Dickson, P. S. Fuller, A. R. Huguenin, J. S. Keech, J. P. Pearce, J. S. Sidley and Stuart Webster.
1918-H. F. Johnson and Mrs. Frank J. Mil- ler, elected for two years; Jerome J. Foley, O. P. Graham, John D. Jones, Jr., Walter C. Palmer, A. C. Mehder and Mrs. W. W. Ramsey, elected for three years.
Prior to our entry into the war, the Racine women had been doing a considerable amount of knitting and sewing, and sending the fin- ished garments to the Red Cross headquarters at Milwaukee or Chicago. As the demand for more work increased, paralleling the growth of our army and navy, Mrs. Chandler quickly saw the necessity of having more and more volunteer workers and providing means for them to do what was wanted. For this pur- pose, she adopted the excellent plan of form- ing Red Cross auxiliaries from the member- ship of the various women's clubs, churches and societies of all kinds, and also community auxiliaries in rural towns. Owing to its size and importance, Burlington was authorized to form a "branch" of the Red Cross, with the customary subsidiary departments. In other cases, the local "auxiliaries" performed only assignments of specific types of work request- ed by the Racine County Chapter with head- quarters in Racine. Mrs. George A. Harper was chairman of the Burlington branch and they had eight auxiliaries there.
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