USA > Wisconsin > Racine County > Racine county in the world war > Part 31
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ing. The division was filled by replacements in November, and returned to America in April, 1919, a fairly complete organization.
One regiment, the 339th, was detached from the division in England and sent, with the 310th Engineer battalion, to Archangel for service in northern Russia. They were joined there by the 337th Ambulance Company and 337th field hospital unit. The expedition land- ed in Russia the first week of September, 1918. They found British and French contingents there. They were supposed to guard Allied stores; prevent any German activities on the White sea coast and assist the Russians to combat the revolutionists and reorganize an army for use on the German front.
The supplies were all stolen, burned or lost before the Allied troops arrived. No sign was found of the German White sea expedi- tion. The Russian people didn't seem to have any desire to fight the revolutionists, or Bol- shevikis. So the Allies decided they would have to do it themselves.
The Allied lines formed a semi-circle around Archangel, the radius being from 120 to 300 miles. Up to Nov. 11 the lines had been ad- vanced from 20 to 75 miles without there being any change in the general situation. The Arc- tic winter swooped down upon the land. On Dec. 31 the allies planned an offensive but the "Bolos," as the enemy was nicknamed, beat off the attack and later drove the Americans back several miles by a great superiority in men and artillery, on the Vaga front. There was nothing but guerilla warfare from then to May, when the Americans left for home. Americans lost in 9 months 104 killed, 337 wounded, and 80 died of disease and accident.
There were many hardships connected with the expedition which were unique in American army history but the soldiers there were repaid by the memory of an interesting service well performed.
Semi-official records of all the divisions in the army were prepared before the departure of the troops for home, and a summary of these records is published here. There is also given a description of the shoulder insignia worn by the members of the various divisions. Many interesting stories are back of the selec- tion of these insignia. State traditions, sym- bolical emblems, conditions in training camps, citations, and numerous other things offered in- spiration for them. The insignia were worn on the left arm just below the shoulder, and were intended to facilitate the rapid rallying of troops when scattered on the road, in battle or elsewhere. Soldiers in France became very
RACINE COUNTY IN THE WORLD WAR
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I
BROTHERS WHO SERVED IN THE WORLD'S GREATEST CONFLICT
Six boys went from the Corbeil family of Barlington. They are the three at the left and three at the right of the upper portion of the picture. At left (I) Oliver S., (II) G. Arthar, (III) Eric T .; at right (IV) George S., (V) Charles D. and (VI) Elmer D. The top center consists of Norbert M., Ralph J. and Raymond M. Zinnen. Below them are Harold. Irving, Ben and Louis Shaw. The four larger pictures at bottom are (I) E. A., (II) Atwood, (III) Charles and (IV) Fred Merrill. Howard O. Manchester is the small picture at left and Russell H. Manchester the small picture at right.
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proud of the emblems, as is natural when it is recalled that most Yanks got the idea that their particular division was doing most of the real fighting and that if "the division on the left" had only done its part the war would have been finished in a week. In fact military units were so large, that troops seldom knew or cared what divisions were on the right or left, or what corps or army they belonged to them- selves. The division was the largest organi- zation with which they had time to become familiar.
The insignia were usually of brilliant colors and easily distinguished. Most of them were issued ready for sewing on the uniforms, hav- ing previously been mounted upon a patch of O. D. cloth about three inches square. Official authorization was never given for shoulder in- signia in America, but some divisions designed theirs before getting sailing orders.
Following are the records of the divisions. Due allowance must be made for the fact that, while units were organized of certain troops in America, the personnel underwent frequent changes due to casualties and trans- fers.
FIRST DIVISION.
Regular Army: Division Headquarters ar- rived in France June 27, 1917. Activities: Sommerville sector, ten kilometers southeast of Nancy, October 21 to November 20, 1917; Ansauville sector, January 15 to April 3, 1918; Cantigny sector, April 25 to July 7 (battle of Cantigny, May 28 to 30); Soissons operation, Marne counter-offensive, July 18 to 24; Saz- erais sector, August 7 to 24; St. Mihiel opera- tion, September 12 and 13; Argonne-Meuse of- fensive, October 1 to 12; operations against Monzon, November 5 and 6; operation south and southwest of Sedan, November 7 and 8; march on Coblenz bridgehead, November 17 to December 15, 1918.
Prisoners captured: 165 officers, 6,304 men. Total advance against resistance, 51 kilo- meters.
Division Insignia: Crimson figure "1" on khaki background. Chosen because the numer- al "1" represents the number of the division and many of its subsidiary organizations. Also, as proudly claimed, because it was the "First Division in France;" first in sector; first to fire a shot at the Germans; first to attack; first to conduct a raid; first to be raided; first to capture prisoners; first to inflict casualties; first to suffer casualties; first to be cited singly in General Orders.
SECOND DIVISION.
Regular Army: Divisional Headquarters es- tablished in France October 26, 1917. Activi- ties: Verdun and Toul-Troyon sectors, March 15 to May 14, 1918; sector northwest of Cha- teau-Thierry (almost continuous heavy fight- ing), May 31 to July 9; Soissons sector, Marne counter-offensive, July 18 to 20; Marbache sec- tor, August 9 to 24; St. Mihiel sector and op- eration, September 9 to 16; Blanc Mont sector and advance in Champagne, September 30 to October 9; Argonne-Meuse offensive, October 30 to November 11, 1918.
Prisoners captured: 228 officers, 11,738 men. Guns captured, 343 pieces of artillery, 1,350 machine guns. Total advance on front line, 60 kilometers.
Insignia: Indian head, with background, star and shield, with colors varying according to unit. Creation of a truck driver who prac- ticed on the side of his truck with such suc- cess that the design he had drawn evolved into the insignia of the division.
The second division included two regiments of marines.
THIRD DIVISION.
Regular Army: Division Headquarters ar- rived in France April 4, 1918. Activities : Chateau-Thierry sector, May 31 to July 30 (battle operations May 31 to June 4 and July 15 to 30); St. Mihiel sector (corps reserve), September 10 to 14; Argonne-Meuse offensive, September 30 to October 27; march on Rhine, November 14.
Prisoners captured: 31 officers, 2,209 men. Guns captured: 51 pieces of artillery, 1,501 machine guns. Total advance on front line: 41 kilometers.
Insignia: Three white stripes diagonally superimposed upon a square field of royal blue. The three stripes are symbolic of the three major operations in which the division participated-the Marne, St. Mihiel and the Argonne-Meuse. The blue field is a symbol for those who have died.
FOURTH DIVISION.
Regular Army: Division Headquarters ar- rived in France, May 17, 1918. Activities: Marne counter-offensive, July 18 to 21 (bri- gaded with 6th French Army), vicinity of Noroy and Hautevesnes; Vesle sector (almost continuous heavy fighting), August 2 to 12; St. Mihiel sector, near Watronville-Treseau- vaux (in reserve), September 6 to 13; Ar- gonne-Meuse offensive, September 25 to Oc- tober 19.
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E
Top Row-A. S. Petersen, L. B. Niesen, L. Darnstaedt, II. F. Rapp, Oscar LeClair, John Hosp. E. E Thery. Second-Art Olson, II. J. Van Bree, Victor Buisse, E. Schumacher, Petro Pisa, Hans Helding, Chas. Jandl. Third-Frank Yilek, Paul A. Hanson, Howard L. Ward, Gust Kuhnwold, C. W. Lane, Elmer Sahs, Harry Potter. Fourth-Natale Giardina, F. W. Easton, Holt Byron, Harold Rapp, W. F. Ehrlich, D. Cilletti, A. H. Townsend. Fifth-Ilerman Diem, Edw. F. Rapp, Stanley Rose, August Bicha, F. J. Meyer, Raymond C . Rasmussen, Einer Simonsen. Bottom-T. F. Schlender, Laurence Jensen, Louis W. Clark, R. Il. Haase, Arthur Bicha, Harry Connolly, Dominick Walls.
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Prisoners captured: 72 officers, 2,684 men. Guns captured: 44 pieces of artillery, 31 ma- chine guns. Total advance on front line, 241/2 kilometers.
Insignia: Four green leaves of ivy superim- posed upon a diamond of olive drab. The four leaves represent the number of the division.
FIFTH DIVISION.
Regular Army: Arrived in France May 1, 1918. Activities: Anould sector, June 15 to July 16; St. Dié sector, July 16 to August 23; St. Mihiel operation, September 11 to 17; Ar- gonne-Meuse offensive, October 12 to 22; Ar- gonne-Meuse offensive (second time in), Oc- tober 27 to November 14.
Prisoners captured: 48 officers, 2,357 men. Guns captured: 98 pieces of artillery, 802 ma- chine guns. Total advance on front line: 29 kilometers.
Insignia: Red diamond.
SIXTH DIVISION.
Regular Army: Arrived in France July 23, 1918. Activities: Gerardmer sector, Sept. 3 to Oct. 13; Argonne-Meuse offensive (First Army Corps Reserve), Nov. 1.
Insignia: Six pointed star of red cloth, with blue figure "6" superimposed.
SEVENTH DIVISION.
Regular Army: Arrived in France, August 11, 1918, Activities: Puvenelle sector, Lor- raine, October 9 to 29; Puvenelle sector, ex- tended, October 29 to November 11, 1918.
Prisoners captured: One officer, 68 men. Guns captured: 28 machine guns. Total ad- vance on front line, 34 kilometer.
Insignia: Two triangles in black on red base. Design supposed to have developed out of the numeral seven, one numeral up and the other down and reversed, making two tri- angles.
EIGHTH DIVISION.
Regulars: Organized at Camp Fremont, California, in December, 1917. When the arm- istice was signed the artillery, engineers, and one regiment of infantry (the Eighth, later on duty at Coblenz) had left for France. The remainder of the division was at the port ready to leave, but, as all troop movements were at once suspended, the division complete never reached France. Nevertheless, it lost 6 men killed and 29 wounded. It received the name of the Pathfinder Division, which is represent- ed in the insignia by the gold arrow, pointed upward.
TENTH DIVISION.
Regulars: Organized at Camp Funston in August, 1918. It never reached France.
ELEVENTH DIVISION.
Regulars: Organized at Camp Meade, Maryland, in August, 1918, and, like all divi- sions numbered from 9 to 20, inclusive (several of which chose no insignia), it never left the United States. It became known as the Lafay- ette Division, the profile of the Revolutionary hero being represented in the insignia.
TWELFTH DIVISION.
Organized at Camp Devens in July, 1918, and took the name of the Plymouth Division because it was recruited mainly from the New England States.
THIRTEENTH DIVISION.
Organized at Camp Lewis, Washington, in September, 1918. The device includes the two proverbial "bad luck" symbols, the figure 13 and a black cat, surrounded by the "good luck" horseshoe, indicative of the doughboy's confidence in his ability to overcome all hoo- doos.
FOURTEENTH DIVISION.
Organized at Camp Custer, Mich., in July, 1918, and took the name of the Wolverine Di- vision, those animals having been very com- mon in Michigan in early days. The head of a wolverine appears on the insignia.
EIGHTEENTH DIVISION.
Organized at Camp Travis, Texas, in August, 1918, and acquired the name of the Cactus Di- vision, which appears on the insignia, together with the Latin motto meaning: "Touch me not."
TWENTY-SIXTH DIVISION.
National Guard of New England: Arrived in France December 5, 1917. Activities: Chem- in des Dames sector, February 6 to March 21, 1918; La Reine and Boucq sector, April 3 to June 28; Pas Fini sector (northwest of Chateau-Thierry), July 10 to 25 (battle opera- tions July 18 to 25); Rupt and Troyon sector, September 8 to October 8 (St. Mihiel opera- tion, September 12 to 14); Neptune sector (north of Verdun), October 18 to November 14 (Argonne-Meuse offensive).
Prisoners captured: 61 officers, 3,087 men. Guns captured: 16 pieces of artillery, 132 ma- chine guns. Total advance on front line: 37 kilometers.
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RACINE WOMEN WHO SERVED WITH THE ARMIES OF UNCLE SAM
In the upper row are Emma Hanson, A. B. Schmidt and Mabel C. Wilton. In the center are Gertrude Davis Smith, Miss Hanson and Florence Jelliffe. At the lower left hand are Clara Wegge and Elizabeth Cahoon; in the center Marjorie Morey and at the right are Josephine Johnson and Ilelen Sawyer.
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Insignia: Dark blue "YD" monogram super- imposed on diamond of khaki cloth. The ini- tials represent the nickname of the division which, since its arrival overseas, had been known as the "Yankee Division."
TWENTY-SEVENTH DIVISION.
National Guard of New York: Arrived in France May 10, 1918. Activities: East Poper- inghe line, Belgium (four battalions at a time), July 9 to September 3; Dickebush sector, Bel- gium, August 24 to September 3 (operation of Vierstrast Ridge, August 31 to September 2); Hindenburg line, France, September 24 to Oc- tober 1 (operation at Canal tunnel, Bellicourt and east, September 27 to 30); St. Souplet sector, October 12 to 20 (Selle river, October 17); Jonc de Mer Bridge, October 18; St. Maurice River, October 19 to 21.
Prisoners captured: 65 officers, 2,292 men. Total advance on front line, 11 kilometers.
Insignia: Black circle with red border, with monogram N.Y.D. superimposed-New York Division-and seven red stars. The stars rep- resent the constellation Orion and were chosen in honor of Major General O'Ryan, who has commanded the division during the last seven years.
TWENTY-EIGHTH DIVISION.
National Guard of Pennsylvania: Arrived in France May 18, 1918. Activities: Sector southeast of Chateau-Thierry (corps reserve), June 30 to July 31 (battle operations, July 15 to 18 and July 28 to 30); Vesle sector, August 7 to September 8 (almost continuous heavy fighting); Argonne-Meuse offensive, September 26 to October 9; Thiaucourt sector, October 16 to November 11.
Prisoners captured: Ten officers, 911 men. Guns captured: 16 pieces of artillery, 63 ma- chine guns. Total advance on front line: Ten kilometers.
Insignia: Keystone of red cloth.
TWENTY-NINTH DIVISION.
National Guard of Maryland, New Jersey, Delaware, Virginia and District of Columbia: Arrived in France June 27, 1918. Activities: Center sector, Haute Alsace, July 25 to Sep- tember 22; Grand Montagne sector, north of Verdun, October 7 to 30.
Prisoners captured: 2,187 officers and men. Guns captured: 21 pieces of artillery and 250 machine guns. Total advance on front line: Seven kilometers.
Insignia : Blue and gray; design copied
from the Korean symbol of good luck. Colors represent union in arms of North and South.
THIRTIETH DIVISION.
National Guard of North and South Carolina and Tennessee: Arrived in France May 24, 1918. Activities: Canal sector, south of Ypres, (brigaded with British), July 16 to August 17; Canal sector, south of Ypres (under own command), August 17 to September 4; Gouy-Nauroy sector, September 23 to October 2 (battle operations); Beaurevoir sector, Oc- tober 3 to 12 (battle operations); Le Cateau sector, October 16 to 20 (battle operations).
Prisoners captured: 98 officers, 3,750 men. Guns captured: 81 pieces of artillery, 426 ma- chine guns. Total advance on front line, 291/2 kilometers.
Insignia: Monogram in blue, the letter "O" surrounding the letter "H," with three "X's," (Roman numerals for 30) forming the cross bar of the letter "H," all on a maroon back- ground. The design is a tribute to Andrew Jackson, "Old Hickory."
THIRTY-SECOND DIVISION.
National Guard of Michigan and Wisconsin: Arrived in France February 20, 1918. Activi- ties: Alsace front, May 18 to July 21; Fismes front, July 30 to August 7 (advance from the Ourcq to the Vesle); Soissons front, August 28 to September 2 (battle of Juvigny); Ar- gonne-Meuse offensive, September 30 to Oc- tober 20 (operations against Kriemhilde Stel- lung); front east of the Meuse, Dun-sur- Meuse, November 8 to 11; Army of Occupa- tion from November 17.
Prisoners captured: 40 officers, 2,113 men. Guns captured: 21 pieces of artillery, 190 machine guns. Total advance on front line: 36 kilometers.
The artillery of this division was in action 81 days.
Insignia: Barred arrow of red, chosen be- cause they "shot through every line the Boche put before them."
THIRTY-FIRST DIVISION.
National Guard of Georgia, Alabama, and Florida. Organized at Camp Wheeler, Georgia. It went to France in October, 1918, and never entered the line. The insignia stands for the initials of the nickname, the Dixie Division, and was used for marking the baggage as early as November, 1917.
THIRTY-THIRD DIVISION.
National Guard of Illinois, West Virginia: Arrived in France May 24, 1918. Activities:
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M XVIII
Rephoto by John Hood
Top Row-Jules DeGraeve, John J. Kropp, Joseph Briet, Fred Sewall, Steven Filochowski, M. Andersen, Joe Kowalsky. Second-A. E. Chamberlain, Emil O. Nelson, B. Olson, W. J. Schlicting, Elmer Hanson, C. S. Sondergaard, Bert Jensen. Third-Henry Larsen, Robt. L. Malone, E M. Jacquet, Roland V. Malone, Geo. Jerstad, Peter J. Iledera, Frank Zahorik. Fourth-Louis A. Singer, R. J. Buckley, Art J. Christianson, O. Petersen, Ralph Mangold, F. Maciejewski, F. H. Layton. Fifth-Martin Nelson, John J. Reed, W. L. Finlayson, Herbert C. Jensen, Clarence Dahlen, Maurice Jensen, Reinholt Ager. Bottom-J. E. Draginis, Hiram G. Jones, Victor Rasmussen, Chas. Nestril, W. R. Krueger, A. P. Mochartis, E. W. Beller.
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Amiens sector (with Australians), July 21 to August 18; Verdun sector, September 9 to Oc- tober 17; St. Mihiel sector, November 7 to 11.
Prisoners captured: 65 officers, 3,922 men. Guns captured: 93 pieces of artillery, 414 ma- chine guns. Total advance on front line: 36 kilometers (made by units of one regiment or less).
Insignia: Yellow cross on black circle, a combination of the divisional colors, yellow chosen because it was the only color paint available in Texas when the division was as- sembling its equipment. The cross, long used to mark Government property, had a terrifying effect on the Philippine natives.
THIRTY-FOURTH DIVISION.
National Guard of Iowa, Minnesota, Ne- braska and North Dakota. Insignia: Black oval encircling red bovine skull, a convention- alization of the Mexican olla or water flask, the whole design reminiscent of the Camp Cody country in New Mexico where the division trained.
THIRTY-FIFTH DIVISION.
National Guard of Missouri and Kansas: Ar- rived in France May 11, 1918. Activities : North sector of Wesserling sector, Vosges (one brigade), July 1 to 27; North sector of Wesser- ling sector, Vosges, with Garibaldi sub-sec- tor (under division command) July 27 to August 14; Gerardmer south sub-sector added, August 14 to September 2; Argonne-Meuse of- fensive (Grange-le-Comte sector), September 21 to October 1; Somme-Dieue sector, October 15 to November 7.
Prisoners captured: 13 officers, 768 men. Guns captured: 24 pieces of artillery, 85 ma- chine guns. Total advance on front line, 121/2 kilometers.
Insignia: Santa Fe cross within two circles of varying colors, the outer one divided into four ares. The design was chosen because the old Santa Fe trail started westward from a point near the Missouri-Kansas line.
THIRTY-SIXTH DIVISION.
National Guard of Texas and Oklahoma. Di- visional headquarters arrived in France July 31, 1918. Activities: Blane Mont sector, north of Somme-Py, Oct. 6-28 (French Cham- pagne offensive).
Prisoners captured: 18 officers, 531 en- listed men. Guns captured: 9 pieces of artil- lery, 294 machine guns. Total advance on front line, 21 kilometers.
Insignia: Cobalt blue arrowhead with a khaki "T" superimposed upon a khaki disc.
The arrowhead represents Oklahoma and the "T" Texas.
THIRTY-SEVENTH DIVISION.
National Guard of Ohio. Divisional head- quarters arrived in France June 23, 1918. Ac- tivities : Baccarat sector, Aug. 4-Sept. 16; Meuse-Argonne offensive, Sept. 25-Oct. 1; Pannes (St. Mihiel sector), Oct. 7-16; Lys and Escaut rivers (Flanders), Oct. 31-Nov. 4; Bel- gium, Syngem sector, Nov. 9-11.
Prisoners captured: 26 officers, 1,469 en- listed men. Guns captured: 29 pieces of ar- tillery, 263 machine guns. Total advance on front line: 30 2/3 kilometers.
Insignia: Red circle with white border. De- sign adapted from the State flag of Ohio. Di- vision known as the "Buckeye Division."
THIRTY-EIGHTH DIVISION.
National Guard of Indiana and Kentucky: Arrived in France Oct. 19, 1918; became a re- placement division and members saw action as replacements to other divisions.
Insignia: Shield, left half blue, right half red; superimposed in center of shield is the initial "C" with the letter "Y" interlaced with lower half of the initial "C," both in white.
THIRTY-NINTH DIVISION.
The Thirty-ninth Division was organized from the National Guard of Louisiana, Missis- sippi and Arkansas, at Camp Beauregard, Louisiana. It went to France in August, 1918, as a depot division, from which replacements were sent to the combat divisions at the front; therefore it was never intended to be in the line. The insignia shows the Greek letter delta, because the personnel came from the vi- cinity of the Mississippi delta, but it was never approved by the A. E. F. It was stationed at St. Florent and sent 10,156 replacements to the front.
FORTIETH DIVISION.
National Guard of California, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Arizona and New Mexico: Arrived in France Aug. 20, 1918; became a replace- ment division and members saw action as re- placements to other divisions.
Insignia: Blue patch of cloth with gold sun superimposed in center, a representation of the sun at midday in blue sky. The insignia and name "Sunshine Division" were selected as best exemplifying the climatic conditions of the camp in which unit trained.
FORTY-FIRST DIVISION.
National Guard of Washington, Oregon, Montana, Idaho and Wyoming: First Depot
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M XVI
Photos by Leonard
Top Row-Edward Elting, E. D. Cahoon, Chester Olson, E. A. Strom, Henry Hansen, J. P. Madsen, M. Pavlik. Second-J. F. Leuker, C. O. Sidesky, llarry Mainland, Frank Peterson, Emilius Olson, Allan Thompson, R. Kautz. Third-Gus Chinanis. J. M. Compty, R. J. Bowers, Chester Neslon, Edw. Belanger, Rudolph Thompson, John Strugala. Fourth-Chas. Nelson, Harry Draves, E. A. Daleski, Frank W. Walker, B. F. Brooder, Hugh Desens, C. R. Petrulka. Fifth-Wayne Addison, John Addison, Peter Sorenson, Wm. Pier. A. G. Wrixton, Oscar Bronson, A. A. Sauer. Bottom-John Skaar. Allen Gere, James Greco, R. J. Johnson, T. C. Hemmingsen, Theo. IIenningsen, Bernard Dexter.
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Division, arrived in France Jan. 1, 1918; be- came a replacement division and members saw action as replacements to other divisions.
Insignia: Setting sun in gold on red back- ground over a wavy blue stripe representing the waters of the Pacific, in the foreground. Design originated by a Red Cross nurse at- tached to Camp Hospital No. 26, at St. Aignan- Noyers. Organization is known as Sunset Di- vision.
FORTY-SECOND DIVISION.
National Guard of 26 States and District of Columbia. Divisional headquarters arrived in France Nov. 1, 1917. Activities: Dombasle- Luneville-St. Clement-Baccarat sector, Feb. 21- March 23, 1918 (under the French 8th Army and 7th Army Corps); Baccarat sector, March 18-June 21; Souain and Esperance sector, July 5-17 (German offensive east of Reims, July 15- 16); Trugny and Beauvardes, July 25-Aug. 3 (front of 4th Army Corps on Ourcq); Ansau- ville, Essey and Bois de Pannes (St. Mihiel salient), Sept. 12-30; south of St. Georges- Landres-et-St. Georges-Cote de Chatillon (Ar- gonne-Meuse offensive), Oct. 13-31; Autruche, Grandes Armoises and Maisoncello, south of Sedan (Argonne-Meuse offensive), Nov. 5-10.
Prisoners captured: 14 officers, 1,303 en- listed men. Guns captured: 25 pieces of artil- lery, 495 machine guns. Total advance on front line: 55 kilometers.
Insignia: Parti-colored quadrant, suggest .. ing the arc of a rainbow, after Rainbow Divi- sion.
SEVENTY-SIXTH DIVISION.
The Seventy-sixth was composed of men from the New England States and northern New York State and was stationed at Camp Devens, Massachusetts. The Seventy-sixth Division and those following, to include the Ninety-second, where known as National Army divisions and it was organized from the first draft in September, 1918. It went to France in July, 1918, and was a depot division, sta- tioned at St. Amand-Montrond and sent 19,971 replacements to the front.
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