USA > Wisconsin > Racine County > Racine county in the world war > Part 32
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SEVENTY-SEVENTH DIVISION.
National Army of New York City: Arrived in France April 13, 1918. Activities: Bacca- rat sector, June 20-Aug. 4; Fismes-Bazoches sector, Vesle front, Aug. 12-Sept. 16; La Har- azee-Feur de Paris-la Fille Morte line, Sept. 26-Oct. 16 (Argonne-Meuse offensive); Cham- pigneulles line, Aire-Meuse, Oct. 31-Nov. 12 (Argonne-Meuse offensive).
Prisoners captured: 13 officers, 737 enlist-
ed men. Guns captured: 44 pieces of artil- lery, 323 machine guns.
Insignia: Golden fac-simile of the Statue of Liberty on blue background.
SEVENTY-EIGHTH DIVISION.
National Army of New Jersey, Delaware and New York. Arrived in France June 8, 1918. Activities: Limey sector, St. Mihiel front, Sept. 16 to Oct. 4; Grand Pré-St. Juvin sector, Oct. 16 to Nov. 5 (Meuse-Argonne offensive).
Prisoners captured: Six officers, 392 men. Guns captured: Four or more pieces of artil- lery, 43 or more machine guns. Total advance on front line, 21 kilometers.
Insignia: Crimson semi-circle crossed by a white streak of lightning which begins at up- per right hand side of insignia and crosses to the lower left hand corner. The colors, crimson and white, are those of the division; the light- ning is symbolic of "Lightning Division," the name adopted by division before leaving the States.
SEVENTY-NINTH DIVISION.
National Army of District of Columbia, Maryland and Pennsylvania; Divisional head- quarters arrived in France July 15, 1918. Ac- tivities: Sector 304, between Argonne and Meuse, Sept. 16 to 30 (Meuse-Argonne offen- sive, Sept. 26 to 30); Troyon sector, east of Meuse, Oct. 8 to 25; Grand Montagne sector, heights east of Meuse river, Oct. 29 to Novem- ber 11 (active operations in progress most of time).
Prisoners captured: One officer, 391 enlist- ed men. Guns captured: 32 pieces of artil- lery, 275 machine guns. Total advance on front line, 1912 kilometers.
Insignia: Lorraine Cross, adopted in the 15th century by the House of Aujou, following the defeat of Charles the Bold, as a symbol of triumph.
EIGHTIETH DIVISION.
National Army of Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania. Divisional headquarters arrived in France May 30, 1918. Activities: Aveuly Woods, Arras (Artois front), July 23 to Aug. 18 (under British); St. Mihiel salient, Sept. 12-15 (one regiment of Infantry and one Machine Gun Battalion, reserve Second French Colonial Corps), Bethincourt sector, Sept. 25- 29 (Argonne-Meuse offensive); Nantillois sec- tor, Oct. 4-12 (AArgonne-Meuse offensive); St. Juvin, Nov. 1-6 (Argonne-Meuse offensive).
Prisoners captured: 103 officers, 1,710 en- listed men. Guns captured: 88 pieces of ar-
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Top Row-Edgar J. Johnson, Theo. Lau, Paul Kahlert, Geo. L. Smerchek, Einer Nilson, Wm. A. Beller, H. H. Keeler. Second-H. H. Newell, Walter E. Anderson, H. D. Lewis, M. E. Wagner, Emil Molholt, W. F. Bratz, Edmund Horner. Third-T. H. Firks, Thos. Allen, L. P. Qualler, M. Gizirian, B. Teshta, Clarence B. Peterson, Walter Sieb. Fourth-Harry Duda, F. P. Christien, Harvey Peterson, Tony Holy, E. H. Ross, Curtis Foreman, H. A. Wisnefsky. Fifth-Theo. Frey, John G. Hansen, Harold C. Rasmussen, A. E. Stindle, R. S. Kasprovich, R. Mccullough, G. W. Harms. Bottom-J. A. Munro, J. A. Kortendick, Edwin J. Nelson, Chas. Wahler, A. E. Haglund, Arthur IJansen, R. A. Fuller.
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tillery, 641 machine guns. Total advance on front line: 37 kilometers.
Insignia: Shield of olive drab cloth, upon which is superimposed in center three blue hills, representing the Blue Ridge mountains, all outlined in white.
EIGHTY-FIRST DIVISION.
National Army of North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida and Porto Rico. Arrived in France Aug. 16, 1918. Activities: East of St. Dié and Raon l'Etape sector, Vosges, Sept. 18 to Oct. 19 (brigaded with 20th French Di- vision); Sommedieue sector between Haudie- men works and Benzée-en-Woevre, Nov. 7-17.
Total advance on front line: 512 kilometers.
Insignia: Wild cat of varying color. Select- ed in the belief that the division could "emulate it in its fighting qualities."
EIGHTY-SECOND DIVISION.
National Army of Georgia, Alabama and Tennessee. Divisional headquarters arrived in France about May 17, 1918. Activities: Lagny sector, June 25 to Aug. 10 (brigaded with 154th French Division); Marbache sector, Aug. 17 to Sept. 11; St. Mihiel operation, Sept. 12-15; Baulney and Charpentry, Fleville and Chehery, Chehery and la Viergette sectors, Sept. 30 to Oct. 31 (Argonne-Meuse offensive).
Prisoners captured: 18 officers, 827 enlist- ed men. Guns captured: 11 pieces of artil- lery, 311 machine guns. Total advance on front line: 17 kilometers.
Insignia: "AA" in gold braid upon circle of solid blue, the whole superimposed on square background of red. The "AA" stands for "All- American," the name chosen for the division, with the further later significance "All- Aboard."
EIGHTY-THIRD DIVISION.
The Eighty-third Division was formed of men from Ohio and West Virginia and was stationed at Camp Sherman, Ohio. It went to France in June, 1918, and was a depot di- vision at Le Mans, sending 193,221 replace- ments to the front. One regiment, the Thirty- third, served in Italy and was in the battle of Vittorio-Veneto. The insignia consists of the letters of Ohio in monogram.
EIGHTY-FOURTH DIVISION.
The Eighty-fourth Division was formed of men from Indiana, Kentucky, and southern 111-
inois, and was stationed at Camp Taylor, Ken- tucky. It went to France in September, 1918, but never got into the line.
EIGHTY-FIFTH DIVISION.
The Eighty-fifth Division was formed of men from Michigan and Wisconsin and was sta- tioned at Camp Custer, Michigan. It went to France in August, 1918, was a depot division stationed at Cosnes, and sent 3,948 replace- ments to the front. It was known as the Cus- ter Division, in honor of General Custer and also the camp at which it was trained, the in- signia consisting of the initials C. D. One of the infantry regiments, the Three Hundred and Thirty-ninth, served in northern Russia.
EIGHTY-SIXTH DIVISION.
National Army from northern Illinois and was stationed at Camp Grant, Illinois. It went to France in September, 1918, never get- ting into the line. It was known as the Black Hawk Division, which is represented in the insignia.
EIGHTY-SEVENTH DIVISION.
National Army of Louisiana, Arkansas, and Mississippi, stationed at Camp Pike, Arkansas. It went to France in September, 1918, and never got into the line. The insignia appears to have had no special significance. It was a brown acorn on a circular green background.
EIGHTY-EIGHTH DIVISION.
National Army troops from North Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, and Western Illinois, sta- tioned at Camp Dodge Iowa. It went to France in August, 1918, and served in Alsace from October 7 to November 5; 28 days in a quiet sector, none in active sectors. It captured three prisoners and lost 29 killed and 89 wounded.
The insignia was evolved by two figures "8" at right angles, the result being a four-leaf clover, representing the four States from which the personnel of the division came. It is in blue for the infantry and machine gun battalions, in red for the artillery, and in black for the remainder of the division.
EIGHTY-NINTH DIVISION.
National Army troops from Kansas, Mis- souri, and Colorado, stationed at Camp Fun- ston, Kansas. It went to France in June, 1918, and went into the line in August, north- west of Toul; it was at St. Mihiel, in the sec-
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MXXII
Rephoto by John Hood
Top Row-Earl Zeese, Floyd E. Hall, F. E. Magnan, Wm. Schultz, F. A. Robers, John Arseneau, Anton Molholt. Second-James Verbes, Arthur Losch, P. Wischnewsky, Mike Vineak, L. T. Auterman, Joseph Bartkos, Irving Anderson. Third-Tobias C. Jensen, E. H. Baker, Everett Gifford, F. J. Schliesmann, P. P. Becker, Carl E. Andersen, C. W. Zobae. Fourth-Herbert Jorgenson, A. T. Nielsen, John O. Petersen, E. A. Butzine, B. W. Burroughs, Harry Dibble, C. H. Holm. Fifth-Nels C. Hansen, P. E. Bergeron, Claude M. Smith, G. Falaschi, Ashley M. Cape. L. E. Grossman, Grover Miller. Bottom-Fred Hanson, W. A. Hanson, Chas. Stindle, Geo. Sadlon, C. D. Sawyer, Matthew Gitzen, John Lokarcyk.
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tor Bois de Bouchot, and in the Meuse-Ar- gonne offensive. It was 55 days in quiet and 28 in active sectors and advanced 48 kilometers against resistance, the second best record in this respect of the National Army Divisions and exceeded by only five of the A. E. F. di- visions. It captured 5,061 prisoners, the third best record in the A. E. F., being surpassed only by the First and Second Divisions. It lost 1,433 killed and 5,858 wounded.
It was known as the Middle West Division and the insignia is the letter "W," which when inverted becomes an "M." The central open space is colored to show the organization as follows: One Hundred Seventy-seventh In- fantry Brigade, sky blue; One Hundred Seven- ty-eighth Infantry Brigade, navy blue; One Hundred Sixty-fourth Field Artillery Brigade, scarlet; Engineers, scarlet, edged with white; Three Hundred Forty-first Machine Gun Bat- talion, half sky blue and half scarlet; Three Hundred Forty-second Machine Gun Battalion, half navy blue and half scarlet; Three Hun- dred Forty-third Machine Gun Battalion, half orange and half scarlet; Signal Battalion, or- ange; Supply Train, purple, edged with white; Sanitary Train, white with red cross, and Di- vision Headquarters, no color.
NINETIETH DIVISION.
National Army of Texas and Oklahoma. Di- visional headquarters arrived in France June 23, 1918. Activities: Sazerais-Haye-Puve- nelle sector, Aug. 24-Oct. 10; St. Mihiel opera- tion, Septemher 12-15; demonstration at be- ginning of Argonne-Meuse offensive, Sept. 26; Argonne Meuse offensive, Oct. 19-Nov. 11.
Prisoners captured: 32 officers, 1,844 en- listed men. Guns captured: 42 pieces of ar- tillery, 230 machine guns. Total advance on front line: 2812 kilometers.
Insignia: Red monogram "TO," standing for Texas-Oklahoma.
NINETY-FIRST DIVISION.
National Army of Alaska, Washington, Ore- gon, California, Idaho, Nevada, Montana, Wyo- ming and Utah. Divisional headquarters ar- rived in France July 12, 1918. Activities: Ar- gonne-Meuse sector near Vauquies, Sept. 20- Oct 3 (Argonne-Meuse offensive, Sept. 26-Oct. 3); west of Escaut river, Belgium, Oct. 30-Nov. 4; east of Escaut river, Belgium, Nov. 10-11.
Prisoners captured: 12 officers, 2,400 enlist- ed men. Guns captured: 33 pieces of artil-
lery, 471 machine guns. Total advance on front line: 34 kilometers.
Insignia: Green fir tree. The 91st is known as the "Wild West Division." Design emblem- atic of the far West.
NINETY-SECOND DIVISION.
National Army. Division headquarters ar- rived in France June 19, 1918. Activities: St. Dié sector, Vosges, Aug. 29-Sept. 20; Argonne- Meuse offensive, Sept. 25-30 (reserve of First Army Corps) ; Marbache sector, Oct. 9-Nov. 15.
Total advance on front line: 8 kilometers.
Insignia: American buffalo, colors varying, selected "because traditional Indians called negro soldiers 'buffaloes.'"
The first Army was organized for the St. Mihiel offensive, under command of Gen. Per- shing himself. It then consisted of the First, Fourth, and Fifth Corps, with the Thirty- third, Thirty-fifth, Eightieth, and Ninety-first Divisions in reserve. The object was attained without putting any of the reserve divisions in the line.
Later the First Army was commanded by Lieut. Gen. Hunter Liggett, and at the com- mencement of the Meuse-Argonne drive con- sisted of the First, Third, and Fifth Corps, with the First, Twenty-ninth, and Eighty-sec- ond Divisions in reserve.
The insignia used by members of First Army headquarters organizations was a large red and white "A."
In the lower part of the insignia are de- vices to represent different arms of the serv- ice: a red and white patch for army artil- lery; red castle for the army engineers; red, white, and blue cocarde for the air service of the army, etc.
In the reorganization after the armistice the First Army consisted of the First, Fifth, and Eighth Corps and immediately began prepara- tions to leave France for the United States.
The Third Corps during the St. Mihiel of- fensive was on the Meuse, making prepara- tions for the forthcoming Meuse-Argonne drive, which it opened with the Thirty-third being the extreme right of the movement along the Meuse for the first few days.
In the reorganization after the armistice the Third Corps consisted of the Second, Thirty- second, and Forty-second Divisions and was stationed in the occupied German territory.
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The air service was outside of any divisional or corps organizations, although squadrons were attached to such units.
On declaration of war the United States had 55 service airplanes, 51 of which were obsolete and the other four obsolescent. The personnel consisted of approximately 65 officers and 1,100 enlisted nien.
At the time the armistice was signed the
United States had 3,538 airplanes in the A. E. F. and 4,865 in the United States, a total of 8,403. The total personnel consisted of ap- proximately 200,000 officers and men.
The American army made approximately over the enemy's line 12,830 pursuit flights, 6,672 observation flights and 1,174 bombing flights, a total of 20,676. They flew for 35,747 hours over the enemy's line, covering approxi- mately 3,574,700 miles.
"AS THEY WERE"-WACO. 1917
CHAPTER XXVI
SOLDIER'S SONGS; DYING WORDS; GETTING WOUNDED
T HROUGHOUT modern history, as writ- en, we read fo men marching forward to face peril and death, with the martial strains of national anthems upon their lips. It seems a characteristic of historians that they find it necessary to put noble words in the mouths of dying men, and to credit all men in uniform with the desire and ability to sing such songs as "The Star Spangled Banner" or "God Save the King" when they approach the cannon's mouth.
Laying no claim to the title of historian, the author of this modest work feels free to pen a few words upon this subject which will, per- haps, strike all former soldiers as having the merit of truth even though it detracts from the halo of romance which should shimmer 'round their heads. To sum up briefly, careful inquiry among eye-witnesses of certain world- famous events, personal observation of the conduct of large numbers of men under stress of excitement and peril, and attendance at the demise of a number of warriors who might well be expected to give utterance to classic phrases when nearing the end, have all con- vinced the writer that practically all of the incidents of the sort mentioned are pure fiction.
Two of the most commonly accepted stories relating to the use of proper musical accom- paniments for persons about to pass on to a brighter and better existence are those which credit the band on the liner Titanic with playing "Nearer, my God to Thee" for fifteen or twenty minutes while the doomed vessel slid beneath the waters carrying with it the band and many hundred other persons; and allege that the soldiers and sailors on the Transport Tuscania in 1918 lined up at the rails and sang three verses of "The Star Spangled Ban- ner" while waiting for the German torpedo's full effect to be felt. I have the word of two survivors of the Titanic, which sunk on her maiden trip in 1912, that the band did not play "Nearer, my God to Thee" or anything else,
but spent all it's time packing up clothing and valuables, preparatory to leaving as soon as some passing vessel should appear. Unfor- tunately, assistance came too late to rescue most of them.
In the case of the Tuscania, I discussed this matter with ten members of the Thirty-second division who had remained aboard until among the last, and was assured by all of them that singing was about the last thing anybody thought of, and nobody actually tried out their voices in the night air off the Irish coast that night. There were some rather harsh remarks passed from the upper decks in regard to the conduct of two army officers who left the transport in lifeboats while members of their commands still remained on the sinking ship, but no one burst into song about that or any- thing else. Furthermore, as Capt. Hale of Kenosha said, it was doubtful if anyone aboard knew three verses of "The Star Spangled Ban- ner;" certainly no one has ever been discovered in America who could progress that far with- out looking at the words and music. Capt. Hale was taken from the Tuscania by a de- stroyer a few moments before the transport sank and undoubtedly would have remembered such an astonishing event, had a company of casual troops started to sing the most diffi- cult musical composition ever written for the masses.
It is true that French soldiers occasionally sang "Les Marseilles" while on the road, two reasons being that most of them know the words, and the music is good for marching. On the other hand, I think that most A. E. F. veterans will testify that for every time they heard the poilus sing "Les Marseilles," they heard them shouting the catchy strains of "Madalon" fifty times or more. "Madalon" is one of those ballads which are easy of rendi- tion, tell a story which does not strain any- one's intellectual powers, and above all pro- vides a perfect cadence for marching feet. It
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found its origin in a comic opera and the words refer to the popularity of a barmaid who was on good terms with everyone from the general down to the M. P.'s.
Because this is a volume of facts, rather than romantic history, an effort will be made to set forth something in relation to the music of our army in the late war.
For the first time in American history, the recent conflict gave no piece of music to the nation which possesses any merit beyond a temporary popularity. Soldiers really longed for some typical and expressive song such as "Marching through Georgia," "Tenting To- night" or "Old Black Joe," which echoed along the roads and through the camps in Civil War days, but they never found it. Early in the struggle, the British troops seized on a music hall ditty entitled, "Tipperary," and as it was a good marching song its silly lines became familiar to all English speaking troopers as the war continued. The chorus ran:
It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go. It's a long way to Tipperary, And the sweetest girl I know. Good-bye, Piccadilly; Farewell, Liecester Square! It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there.
The popularity of this gem waned after two or three years of use, but the bands used it occasionally on parades even unto the finish.
At about the time America entered the con- flict, George H. Cohan was staging a light opera and, needing a curtain raiser, resorted to an ancient method of getting one. He united a few strains from bugle calls, with some bars from "Johnny Get Your Gun," and there soon issued from the mouths of chorus girls the strident message of "Over There":
Over there, over there! Send the word, send the word, over there,
That the Yanks are coming, the Yanks are coming,-
Drums rum-tumming everywhere! So prepare, say a prayer, Send the word, send the word to beware; We'll be over, we're coming over,
And we won't come back till it's over over there.
This jingle caught the popular fancy. The tune had a martial sound and at the same time included a sort of "rag time" melody that kept it from being too tear-inspiring. The soldiers liked the name "Yank;" the sentiment ex- pressed by the words was rather inspiring if one took the trouble to locate it, and it also hit the spot by conveying a threat to the Kaiser in good-natured song. For most of the
year 1917, every military parade and review was accomplished to the blaring notes of "Over There," and every adventurous doughboy wav- ing good-bye to the spires and towers of Man- hattan roared out the sad news that "he wouldn't be back till it's over over there." The words "over there" were universally used to describe the fields of endeavor of the newly formed A. E. F., throughout the American participation in the war.
In the camps in America, college songs and the old favorite plantation melodies main- tained their popularity for evening songfests in tents and barracks. As a part of the wel- fare work in camps, compulsory "sings" were held, and for the most part were greatly en- joyed. Song-leaders were quite successful in getting their youthful audiences to join in choral singing of such masterpieces as:
K-K-K-Katy, beautiful Katy,
You're the only g-g-g-girl that I adore.
When the m-m-m-moon shines, over the cow shed,
I'll be waiting at the k-k-k-kitchen door. and
Good morning, Mister Zip, Zip, Zip, With your hair cut just as short as mine. Good morning, Mister Zip, Zip, Zip, You're certainly looking fine. Ashes to ashes, and dust to dust,
If the Camels don't get you the Fatimas must, Good morning, Mister Zip, Zip, Zip, With your hair cut just as-
Your hair cut just as short as-
Your hair cut just as short as mine.
The song leaders did not forget to wind up with the national airs, but it is with regret that we are forced to report that "Mister Zip" and "Katy" evoked much more enthusiasm, be- cause the American young man is not given to voicing his patriotism in harmonious tones, even were he possessed of the vocal ability necessary to hit the high notes of "The Star Spangled Banner," or the peculiar sense of humor required to find cause for fun in "Yan- kee Doodle."
Two popular ballads of the day found some response in the bosoms of the soldiers and sailors even though their minor chords spoke of sadness and gloom, and their words foretold days and nights of homesickness. Both in American cantonments and in billets in France, American voices often could be heard crooning these two songs:
THERE'S A LONG, LONG TRAIL
Nights are growing very lonely, Days are very long; I'm growing weary only List'ning for your song.
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Old remembrances are thronging Thro' my memory.
'Til it seems the world is full of dreams, Just to call you back to me.
Chorus:
There's a long, long trail awinding Into the land of my dreams,
Where the nightingales are singing And a white moon beams: There's a long, long night of waiting Until my dreams all come true
"Til the day when I'll be going down That long, long trail with you.
KEEP THE HOME FIRES BURNING
Keep the home fires burning, While your hearts are yearning, Though your lads are far away, They dream of home. There's a silver lining, Through the dark cloud shining Turn the dark cloud inside out, Till the boys come home.
On the other hand, many a marching regi- ment swung along the roads in Vermont and Oregon, in Virginia and Texas, to the time of this disreputable refrain:
Drunk last night, drunk the night before, Drunker tonight than I ever was before. When I'm drunk, I am as happy as can be, For I am a member of the Souse family.
Fortunately for the fate of the nation, the words had no basis of fact, in view of the strict regulations governing the sale of strong and spiritous liquors in the vicinity of camps.
It is characteristic of all soldiers to kick, and the following song gained some popularity because its sentiments were endorsed by all hands:
O, how I hate to get up in the morning; O, how I'd like to remain in bed. For the hardest blow of all Is to hear the bugler call: "You've got to get up! You've got to get up! "You've got to get up in the morning!"
Some day I'm going to murder the bugler. Some day they're going to find him dead! Then I'll get the other pup- The one that wakes the bugler up- And spend the rest of my life in bed.
Song leaders tried to prevail upon their sub- jects to adopt parodies upon old melodies, whose new words contained sentiments of high patriotism and noble ambitions, but as a gen- eral thing the boys prepared their own paro- dies, and the words were not of the sort worth handing down to posterity. In France, the songs invariably expressed some opinion about the hardships of army life, and continued the good-natured "grousing" which enlivens all
armies. Men will dare to do the most astound- ing acts of bravery, they will undergo all neces- sary privations without contemporaneous pro- test, and they would rather submit to the most humiliating punishment than to be transferred from scenes of danger and discomfort to an easy berth, but they insist upon the privilege of kicking about their fate whenever they find time to sit down with their feet before a fire and a pipe in their mouth. Then, indeed, they insist that they are cowards and babies; that they would leave the d- d army in the lurch if they could only get away, and that they would give every franc they had to buy a soft job in the training camps back home. So the doughboy, preparing to "go in" for a new of- fensive, wails in mournful tones:
I want to go home, I want to go home, The bullets, they whistle,
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