USA > West Virginia > Report of the Adjutant General of West Virginia 1921 - 1922 > Part 4
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Such instruction should take up but a small part of each drill. During the remainder of the time, the platoon and company officers instruct their organizations in drill, tactical training, target practice, minor tactics, etc.
Under some conditions, different features of the tactical training may be better handled under regimental, brigade or even division supervision.
25. Schools. Schools for officers and noncommissioned officers should be maintained. In these schools the work must be first on the autho- rized manuals, Infantry Drill Regulations and Field Service Regulation.
As material and instructors become available classes should be formed in each State to train officers and noncommissioned officers as instructors, or selected men should be sent to the service schools in the permanent establishment in order to develop suitable instructors in the National Guard.
26. Headquarters Company. The training of the specialists in the headquarters company of the infantry regiments, as given in the Tables of Organization will require careful thought and effort. They must be trained for their special work.
27. Machine Gun Companies. The machine-gun companies must be trained, in addition to the handling of their guns, in field engineering, throwing grenades and especially physical drill.
28. Service Company. The training of the specialists (paper work, supplies, transportation, band) requires a maximum of the time avail- able, with only enough basic military training for purposes of discip- line, etc.
29. The following schedule is a guide for three years of infantry training in the National Guard. The subjects enumerated herein should be covered. It is based on a minimum of forty-eight drills of one and one-half hours each, totaling seventy-two hours armory instruction, and at least fifteen days field training, eight hours per day, totaling one hundred and twenty hours; total instruction period one hundred and ninety-two hours.
Allotment of time in hours.
1st
2nd
3ra
RIFLE COMPANIES.
year
year year
Recruit instruction
30
School of squa'd.
30
Platoon drill, close and combat.
36
Physical drill
12
15
15
Theoretical (discipline, etc.)
6
9
Hygiene and first aid
6
6
6
Marching
6
9
Guard duty
12
6
6
43
Bayonet fighting
12
12
12
Examinations and tests.
6
6
6
Tent pitching
3
3
3
*Company and Battalion, close and combat order
9
60
30
Ceremonies
9
12
Target and range practice and musketry
15
30
45
Automatic rifles, grenades, etc.
9
*Battalion and regimental drill.
15
Specialties training combined.
6
Training, open warfare.
24
Training, trench warfare
12
Combined training, liaison, deployments with two or
more arms combined.
27
Totals
192
192
192
Allotment of time
in hours.
MACHINE GUN COMPANIES.
year
year
year
Recruit instruction
30
Close and combat order
30
48
30
Physical drill
6
18
18
Hygiene and first aid.
6
6
6
Care and use of transports
21
18
6
Marching
6
9
Guard duty
12
6
6
Theoretical (discipline, etc.)
12
9
Examinations and tests.
12
6
6
Machine gun mechanism and preliminary sighting
24
21
Maneuver facility, cohesion, liaison, deployment
18
15
18
Range practice
6
6
Ceremonies
9
3
Tactics, open warfare
27
12
Tactics, trench warfare
G
Technique of fire.
18
Known distance firing
21
Fire problems
18
Combined training, maneuver, liaison, deployments,
trench warfare and co-ordination with two or
more arms combined
27
Totals ...
192
192
192
Allotment of time in hours.
1st
2nd
3rd
HEADQUARTERS AND SERVICE COMPANIES School of the soldier, squad, platoon
year
year year
36
Close order drill 24 24
1st
2nd
3rd
1922.]
REPORT OF ADJUTANT GENERAL
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Physical
12
18
18
Guard duty
12
6
6
Theoretical
12
9
Hygiene and first aid.
6
6
6
Instruction in specialties
78
90
72
Marching
6
6
6
Examinations and tests.
6
6
6
Firing with either rifle or pistol or other special arms ..
12
12
Ceremonies
9
3
Tactics, open warfare.
12
6
Tactics, trench warfare.
6
Combined training, maneuver, liaison, deployments, open and trench warfare, and co-ordination with two or more arms of service, etc.
27
Target practice
15
Totals
192
192
192
*At least one combined training maneuver, liaison, deployments and co-ordination of two or more arms of the service.
30. GENERAL SUBJECTS FOR LECTURES. (Suitable for all arms.)
1. Citizenship in United States; what it means, its obligations.
2. Discipline. W. D. Document No. 746. Lecture, Colonel Applin.
3. Conduct in service.
4 Morale.
5. Leadership.
6. Customs and courtesies of the service, saluting.
7. Physical training.
8. Obligations and rights of the soldier.
9. Duties and responsibilities of noncommissioned officers.
10. The commissioned officer.
11. Personal hygiene.
12. Venereal diseases.
13. Alcoholism, drugs.
14. Personal cleanliness.
15. Insects and vermin.
16. Vaccination and prophylaxis, communicable diseases.
17. Care of the feet.
18. First aid and elementary bandaging.
19. Sanitation and its maintenance.
20. Articles of war.
21. Army regulations and orders.
22. Purposes and methods of drill.
23. Why America entered the European War, 1917, and what America accomplished.
24. History, European war, United States war.
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REPORT OF ADJUTANT GENERAL
1922.]
25. Pay and allowances.
26. Care and adjustment of clothing and equipment.
27. Military offenses and punishments.
28. Property responsibility.
29. Interior guard duty.
30. Security in the field.
31. Rations.
32. Reconnaissance.
33. Use of cover.
34. Study of terrain on the ground.
35. Maps and map reading.
36. Messages and reports.
37. Lines of information.
38. Orders.
39. Horses and stable management.
40. Organization, arms and characteristics of-
(a) United States troops.
(b) Allies.
(c) Enemy.
(d) Others.
41. Entrenchments.
42. Tactical use of machine guns.
43. Gas Warfare.
44. Grenade and bomb warfare.
45. Powers and limitations of various arms.
46. Transportation of troops by rail, trucks, ships.
47. Attack and defense of positions.
48. Rules of land warfare.
49. Trench orders.
50. Care of equipment and arms.
51. Preparation and care of food.
31. B. SCHEDULE OF DRILL AND INSTRUCTION PRESCRIBED FOR OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE FIELD ARTILLERY. OF THE NATIONAL GUARD.
As the instruction required to be given a battery of field artillery, pro- viding each soldier therein is to be trained as an efficient artilleryman, is far greater than can be accomplished in forty-eight (48) drill periods of 11% hours each, it will be necessary at the outset to specialize to a great extent and to have schools for officers and non-commissioned offi- cers with additional drills and periods of instruction.
The services of the sergeant-instructor will be used to the fullest extent to assist in inspections and to impart instruction at odd times. Keeping in mind the object of the creation of the organization, much will depend upon the interest and initiative of the commanding officer of the organization.
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As a general proposition, as soon as a soldier has acquired a pro- ficiency in his special branch a part of his time should be spent in acquiring a working knowledge of all other subjects he must learn in order to become an all around field artilleryman.
From the beginning officers and non-commissioned officers must work with one idea; they must get together and work together; there must be intelligent co-operation and team work. They must be imbued, and must imbue all under their control, with the idea of loyalty to their country, their state, their superior officers and their organization.
An effort should be made to qualify every member for a warrant as a non-commissioned officer, and, if possible, every non-commissioned officer for a commission as an officer, in case it becomes necessary to call into service another large military force for governmental use.
The interest of the officers and men of the battery will largely depend upon the forethought of the commanding officer, and, markedly, upon the ability, knowledge, interest and snap of the non-commissioned officers.
As the time limit for instruction is so short, everything must be made to move with pre-arranged thoroughness and with snap. Everything must have been thought out in advance. Everything must be made ready in advance so that there will be no hesitation, no delays, no lost motion in proceeding from the initial formation to the final dismissal of the organization.
Men will graduate from the recruit class as soon as is consistent with a fairly good understanding of the rudiments of soldiering.
Recruits will be drilled, in a separate squad, under a competent non- commissioned officer. This training must be intensive, with frequent rests. This is the period when the soldier's future attitude to the serv- ice will be largely formed. Much will depend upon the appearance and example set by the instructor and the impression of knowledge, neatness, alertness, patience, and "snap" he makes upon the recruit.
During the period of recruit instruction they will be classified, as soon as possible, for the particular duty they seem best qualified for, or for which their avocation in life would best fit them; bearing in mind that a man does his best work when he is doing that which he wants to do and is most interested in. For this purpose recruits can be divided into three classes: those to be trained to become (1) specialists, (2) motor or tractormen, and (3) cannoneers.
When first enlisted the recruit should be properly and if possible com- pletely equipped. The uniform, if necessary, should be altered so that it fits the wearer. First impressions count and no soldier can be smart and alert in an ill-fitting uniform.
No special time should be assigned in the drill schedule to the sub- ject of discipline and control of men; it being assumed that practical instruction under this head will be given at all drills and assemblies.
Thirty (30) minutes of the last drill period of each month will be devoted to the ceremony of inspection. The time is so limited that the organization commander will necessarily have to use every officer and competent non-commissioned officer. The time allotted is not sufficient
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REPORT OF ADJUTANT GENERAL
1922.]
to instruct in this ceremony and to properly inspect the material. It is expected that inspections will be made, in so far as is consistent with other duties, during drills, and as competent sergeant-instructors and caretakers are provided by the government, at such other times as may be necessary, in order that all material that is in use will be inspected at least once a month, and all material not in use at least once in every three months, except where stores are kept in original packages and in the case of "war supplies."
The armory drill year will begin with the second assembly after re- turning from the annual encampment. The first assembly, after return- ing from camp, should be used for a critique, to call attention to the shortcomings of the organization as evidenced by the work in camp.
The organization commander should prepare a schedule for progressive instruction for at least three months in advance, having in view the work for the year, and submit same to the instructor for his modification or approval.
The following subjects should be covered in the various schools and at the drill assembles:
Officers :
Army regulations.
Battery paper work.
Correspondence book and document file.
Battery returns. Battery funds. Commands. Discharge and final statement.
First aid.
Forage return.
Furlough blanks and furloughs.
Morning report. Ration return.
Sick report, duty and guard roster. Requisitions.
Surveys.
General battery administration.
Councils of administration.
Manual of courts martial.
Field service regulations. Drill regulations.
Maps, reading and making. Leadership.
Non-Commissioned Officers:
Paper work pertaining to their duties. Discipline and control of men. Leadership.
Care and preservation of material.
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Guard duty.
Such special duties as they are expected to perform. First aid.
The following is a reminder list of subjects to be covered in instruc- tion of enlisted men:
Battery Commander's Detail:
Each man to be thoroughly grounded in the special work he is intended to perform and then be taught as much as possible of the duties of other members of the detail.
Battle maps.
Buzzer.
Camp hygiene.
Codes.
Compass laying.
Coordinates.
Customs and courtesies of service.
Dead space.
Detraining.
Earth telegraphy.
Electricity, elementary.
Entraining. Field wiring.
Firing data.
First aid. Guard duty.
Individual cooking.
Instruments, fire control, care of nomenclature of. use of.
Intersection.
Liaison.
Map firing.
Map reading.
Personal hygiene.
Physical drill. Pistol, care of.
nomenclature. sighting drill.
Projector.
Radio.
Reconnaissance. "Resection. Rolls and packs.
Route marking. Salutes. Scouting. Semaphore.
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REPORT OF ADJUTANT GENERAL
1922.]
Signalling. Sketching. Switchboard. Target practice. Team work. Terrain board.
Telephone. Tent pitching. Topography.
Very pistol, flares, rockets, panels. Visibility. Wigwag.
Cannoneers :
Ammunition.
Camp hygiene.
Customs and courtesies of service.
Detraining, material.
Drill, foot. Drill, piece.
Entraining, material.
First aid.
Fuses. Guard duty.
Individual cooking.
Machine guns.
Marching.
Material, care of. .
Cleaning of.
Nomenclature.
Packs.
Physical drill.
Pistol, care of.
Nomenclature. Sighting drill.
Salutes.
Semaphores.
Sights and quadrants, adjustment of.
Care of.
Cleaning. Nomenclature.
Target practice.
Team work. Tent pitching. Wigwag.
Motormen. Tractormen: Camp hygiene.
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Customs and courtesies of service.
Drill, foot. First aid. Guard duty.
Individual cooking.
· Motor and tractor driving. Personal hygiene.
Rolls. Salutes.
Semaphore. Target practice. Tent pitching. Wigwag.
Battery Clerks; Chief Mechanic; Horseshaers; Mechanics; Buglers; Wagoners:
Special duties pertaining to their office.
Care of material.
The Battalion or Battery commander, as the case may be, is directly responsible for the training of the junior officers and the enlisted person. nel under him.
Subjects should be assigned each instructor, officer or non-commissioned officer, who should thoroughly familiarize himself with the subject mat- ter assigned to him before attempting to impart instruction therein. The program for succeeding drills should be posted where all may see, well in advance, what is to be done at stated drills and reference should be made as to where the subject matter of the instruction for that assembly period can be found in the text book, and all should be encouraged to read and study it carefully.
The following schedule is a guide for the division of the work for a year. It is based on a minimum of forty-eight (48) drills of one and one-half hours (11%) each, totaling seventy-two (72) hours armory in- struction, and at least fifteen (15) days field training of eight (8) hours per day, totaling one hundred and twenty (120) hours field instruction; total minimum instruction period one hundred and ninety-two (192) hours. The subjects enumerated herein must be covered :
Motor or
Cannoneers Hours
Tractor Drivers Hours
Battery drill, dismounted
10
10
Battery drill, mounted
36
36
Care of material
6
6
Entraining and detraining
3
3
Examinations and tests
6
6
Guard duty
12
12
Hygiene and first aid
6
6
Inspections and ceremonies
9
9
.
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REPORT OF ADJUTANT GENERAL
1922.]
Marching
7
4
Physical drill
12
12
Pistol drill
3
3
Recruit instruction
24
24
School of cannoneer
40
School of driver
40
Stable duties
3
Target practice
15
15
Tent pitching
3
3
192
192
A list of text and reference books is given herewith. These can be furnished by the Adjutant General of the State.
FOR EACH ORGANIZATION COMMANDER.
Army Regulations.
Artillery Firing, 1918.
B. C. Data Book.
Bulletin No. 16, War Dept. 1916.
Drill Regulations-for the particular gun with which the organization is equipped.
Drill Regulations for 75 French Gun, Model 1897, Vol. III.
Elements of Military Hygiene-Ashburn.
Engineer Field Manual.
Field Artillery Journal.
Field Artillery Training (Memorandum No. 5, Office Chief of Field Artillery).
Field Gunnery. School of Field Artillery Fire, Document 20 R. Field Service Regulations.
File of current orders, circulars and bulletins of the War Department, Militia Bureau, State, Brigade, Regimental and individual organization.
Instruction Memoranda F. A. C. O. T. S., Camp Zachary Taylor, Ky.
Lecture on Discipline and Training.
Manual for Army Cooks.
Manual for Army Horseshoers, 1917.
Manual for Courts Martial.
Manual for Interior Guard Duty, 1914.
Manual for Noncommissioned Officers and Privates of Field Artillery. Manual of Physical Training.
Material Handbook for Ordnance Material in use by Organization. Mess Sergeants' Handbook-Holbrook.
Notes on Feld Artillery-Spaulding.
Notes on Field Fortification.
Notes on Telephone Material used in Artillery.
Provisional Drill and Service Regulations, Field Artillery.
Regulations for the National Guard.
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Rules of Land Warfare.
School of the Battery Commander 75 mm Gun and 155 mm Howitzer. Signal Book, 1916.
Sketching Methods-Sweeney.
Small Arms Firing Manual.
Tables of Organization for Divisional Units.
Training Regulations and Outline of Instruction F. A. R. D., Camp Jackson, S. C.
FOR EVERY OFFICER.
Army Regulations.
Artillery Firing, 1918.
Drill Regulations for the particular gun with which the organization is equipped.
Drill Regulations for the French Gun, Model 1897, Vol. III.
Elements of Military Hygiene-Ashburn.
Field Artillery Journal.
Field Gunnery.
Field Service Regulations.
Manual for Courts Martial.
Manual for Interior Guard Duty.
Provisional Drill and Service Regulations Field Artillery.
Rules of Land Warfare.
School of the Battery Commander 75 mm Gun and 155 mm Howitzer.
FOR EACH NONCOMMISSIONED OFFICER AND SPECIALIST.
Drill Regulations for the particular gun with which the organization is equipped.
Manual for Noncommissioned Officers and Privates of Field Artillery. Such other books and publications, under the heading Organization Commanders, as are pertinent to their duties.
REFERENCE BOOKS.
A Treatise on the Military Law of the United States-Davis.
Internal Combustion Engines-Baton.
International Law-Davis.
Lessons in Practical Electricity-Swoope.
Manuals, Orders and Circulars, Staff Departments.
Military Explosives-Weaver.
Military Government and Martial Law-Berkhimer.
Notes on Field Fortification-Army Service Schools.
Revised Statutes of the United States and Acts of Congress affecting the Military Establishment.
Tactical Principles and Problems-Hanna.
The Storage Battery-Treadwell.
Theory and Practice of Surveying-Johnson.
U. S. Signal Corps Publication. Elementary Electricity.
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REPORT OF ADJUTANT GENERAL
1922.]
32. C. ENGINEER TROOPS.
The following schedule of training will be followed in the instruction of engineer troops. The table shows the allotment of time in hours to be spent on instruction in each subject listed, based on a total of 192 hours instruction in each of three years.
Allotment of time in hours.
1st year
2nd year
3rd
(a) Physical training
12
8
2
Setting-up exercise
8
2
2
Games (for mental alertness)
4
2
2
Boxing and wrestling (or swimming if prac- ticable)
2
2
Hand to hand combat
2
2
(b) Close order infantry drill. .36
26
16
School of the soldier, with and without arms. . 12 School of the squad 10
8
2
Drill by platoons
10
6
4
School of the company.
4
8
4
School of the battalion.
4
4
Combat formations
2
(c) Bayonet
14
10
10
Recruit course
10
4
4
Individual combat
1
1
1
Team combat
1
1
1
Assault
2
2
2
Combined tactics
2
2
(d) Musketry 36
30
28
Nomenclature and care of rifle 1
Preliminary target practice.
12
4
4
Range practice 16
10
9
Estimation of distances.
3
5
4
Target location
4
7
7
Fire distribution exercises
4
4
(e) Miscellaneous instruction
14
12
6
Care and use of field equipment.
3
Interior guard duty
3
Sanitation, hygiene, and first aid.
3
Map reading
4
2
Liaison
4
2
Salutes, courtesies, etc.
2
Grenades
1
2
Care and use of engineer equipment.
1
1
Knots, lashings and rigging.
2
2
year
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(f) Tactics
22
24
32
Patrols, messengers, scouts.
3
2
2
Small advance and rear guards.
2
Small outposts
2
Company practice marches
3
Company approach marches
4
2
Platoon attack
4
4
4
Company attack
4
4
4
Battalion practice marches.
4
6
Battalion problems
(advance halt, outpost, withdrawal)
2
6
Battalion attack
2
4
Battalion defense
2
4
Platoon attack at night.
2
Company attack at night
2
(g) Bridges
15
18
20
Hasty foot bridges.
2
1
Lock spar bridges
4
2
2
Trestle bridges
9
11
11
Pile bridges
4
4
Simple trusses
2
Suspension bridges
1
(h) Field fortification 15
Camouflage
2
2
Accessories, revetment, observation posts,
trench boards, etc. 3
1
2
4
Obstacles 4
2
Shelter
2
6
8
Organization of the ground
6
8
(i) Demolitions and use of explosives 4
6
(j) Roads, construction and repair 8
12
(k) Light railways
6
(1) Field exercises illustrating work of Engineer with a division
8
16
In an advance
2
4
In a retreat.
2
4
In an attack
2
4
In a defensive action
2
4
(m) Specialists' Schools, including: 12
14 22
Company office work, Mounted drill and care of animals, Packer's drill, Buglers and Signalling, Carpentry, Masonry, Black-
18
20
Trenches, fire and communication. 3
Machine gun emplacements
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REPORT OF ADJUTANT GENERAL
1922.]
smithing, Drafting, Reconnaissance, Sign- painting, Map reproduction and photog- raphy, Gas engines and chauffeurs.
(n) Ceremonies, including :
4
6
8
Guard mounting, Parade, Review, Inspection.
Total
192 192
192
MANUALS TO BE USED FOR INSTRUCTION IN SUBJECTS LISTED ABOVE.
General Training: Training Circular No. 1, Office Chief of Engineers, October 29, 1918, together with Appendices Nos. 1, 2 and 3. Engineer Training Manual, Parts I and VIII and Appendix No. 1.
(a) Manual of Physical Training, 1914. Field Physical Training of the Soldier, S. R. No. 23, War Dept. Hand to Hand Fighting, Infantry School of Arms.
(b) Infantry Drill Regulations, Provisional, 1919.
(e) Bayonet Training Manual, 1918.
(d) Small Arms Firing Manual, 1913.
(e) Manual for Noncommissioned Officers and Privates of Infantry, 1917. Field Service Regulations, 1914.
Manual for Hand Bombers and Rifle Grenadiers. Engineer Equipment Manual. Engineer Field Manual.
(f) Infantry Drill Regulations, Provisional 1919 (except deployments). Field Service Regulations, 1914.
W. D. Doc. No. 802, Offensive Combat of Small Units. W. D. Doc. No. 872, Defensive Combat of Small Units.
(g) Engineer Field Manual, 1918, Part II.
(h) War Dept. Doc. No. 872, Defensive Combat of Small Units, Parts I and III.
(i) Engineer Field Manual, 1918, Part V, Pars. 206 to 231 inclusive, and 237 to 266 inclusive.
(j) Engineer Field Manual, 1918, Part III, Roads.
(k) Notes on Light Railways, 1918.
(1) Training Circular No. 1, Office Chief of Engineers, October 29, 1918, Appendices Nos. 2 and 3.
(m) Army Regulations, 1913.
Engineer Training Manual, Appendix No. 2, Use of Forms. Cavalry Drill Regulations, 1916, paragraphs 965 to 976.
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Engineer Training Manual, Appendix No. 4, Carpentry.
Engineer Training Manual, Appendix No. 5, Masonry.
Engineer Training Manual, Appendix No. 6, Blacksmiths.
Engineer Field Manual, 1918, Part I, Reconnaissance.
(n) Manual of Interior Guard Duty, 1914.
Infantry Drill Regulations, Provisional, 1919.
33. D. OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OF THE QUARTERMASTER CORPS.
The officers and men of this important branch of the National Guard whether it be in State or Federal service, should be proficient in the practical and technical details of their duties as quartermasters in general and as to their immediate duties in particular. The fundamental prin- ciple upon which the training of the National Guard in State service in time of peace is based, is preparation for practical usefulness within the State and possible usefulness as a part of the active military forces of the nation. To this end, it is necessary that such officers and men of the National Guard prepare for their ultimate duties as Federal officers and soldiers, and reach the highest point of efficiency as such as soon as possible before an emergency arises. The fundamental text books for officers and men performing quartermaster duties are the portions of the Army Regulations pertaining to the Quartermaster Corps, the Manual for the Quartermaster Corps, U. S. Army, and the Field Service Regulations. Other books pertaining to the various subjects involved in the work of this branch of the service are available for special study. A working knowledge of these, together with familiarity with the various forms used by the Quartermaster Corps, and the understanding that the application of sound business principles, is most desirable, and, in fact, necessary in effecting the work of the quartermasters in equipping, subsisting, paying, and transporting the military forces, and, with the additional factor of intense interest and industry, will promote success for the individual officer or enlisted man of the Quartermaster Corps, as well as for the organization for which he is a part of the system of providing. A quartermaster should be proficient in the theoretical and practical details of procuring military supplies, equipment and stores, of seeing that proper care is taken of this property after it has been obtained, of seeing that the prescribed methods of recording and accounting for such property are properly applied. Even though in a given instance, such work should not be the immediate duty of an officer or enlisted man of the quartermaster corps, he should, at least, under- stand the system. He should know in detail how to dispose of the accountability or responsibility for such property if it should be lost, damaged, destroyed, or become unserviceable. If such should be his immediate duty, he should see that his organization is as thoroughly equipped as it is possible for him to effect by conscientious effort. It is vitally necessary that all concerned in acquiring or issuing military equipment and stores should be familiar with the various forms involved,
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