Alaska, its neglected past, its brilliant future, Part 22

Author: James, Bushrod Washington, 1830-1903
Publication date: 1897
Publisher: Philadelphia : The Sunshine publishing co.
Number of Pages: 564


USA > Alaska > Alaska, its neglected past, its brilliant future > Part 22


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).


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Fine specimens of almost pure native copper ore have been obtained from the banks of the Copper River and its tributaries.


Pure copper is found on the Chittyto and Chittna Rivers.


The finest golena and gray copper ore in the Sheep Creek vicinity is found in the Little Queen, Little Queen Extension and the Grindstone Creek mines.


Copper has recently been discovered in Prince William Sound.


These mines are mammoth ledges from twenty to sixty feet in width. They are easy of access, as ocean steamers can land right at the mines.


LEAD.


Lead in small quantities is found in Whale Bay, south of Sitka, and on Kodiak Island.


COAL.


Coal is found along the coast, but the most valuable is found in unlimited quantities in Cook's Inlet.


Coal is found in Disenchantment Bay and Lituya Bay.


Coal that is glossy, semi-bituminous aud said to steam well is found on Admiralty Island, near Killisnoo.


A good quality of coal has been discovered on Sitkhinak Island.


Large beds of coal exist in the Yukon district.


PETROLEUM.


There are several lakes of petroleum in the country be- tween Lituya and Yukutat Bays.


A lake of petroleum has been discovered near Prince William Sound east of Cook's Inlet.


CHAPTER XL.


DISTANCES, TIME, FARES, SUPPLIES-APPROXIMATE. TRANS- CONTINENTAL DINING-CAR MEALS. ENTIRE TRIP $16.00.


ROUTES.


Miles.


Days.


Fare.


New York to Seattle.


Fee for Pullman Sleeper, $20.50.


3290


· 6


$81 50


Seattle to Juneau (Steamer) Living in Juneau $3.00 per day.


899


5


1


$32.00 Cabin. 17.00 Steerage.


Lynn Canal to Dyea (Steamer)


75


12


Cost of complete outfit for overland journey, $150.00.


New York to Klondyke (In summer by Dyea Route).


36 to 40


About $667.00


With cost of provisions for one year, $200.00 more.


Juneau to Klondyke Mines.


650


FIRST ROUTE.


San Francisco to Seattle and to St. Michaels.


Seattle to St. Michaels (Steamer)


2500


16


St. Michaels to Dawson City, Klondyke River (River Boat).


Nearly 1900


35 or 40


180.00 Varies.


150 lbs. of baggage, each passenger.


ANOTHER ROUTE.


Seattle to Juneau, up Lynn Canal and Chilkoot Inlet


889


*Juneau to Dyea ...


96


Dyea to Lake Linderman


27 of 28 6


2 to 6


Across Lake Linderman ...


Portage, Linderman to Lake Bennett, 26 miles long.


I


Across Lake Bennett to Cariboo Crossing Across Tagish Lake ..


30


Six-Mile River to Mud (or Marsh) Lake ..


6


Across Mud (or Marsh) Lake.


20


Fifty-Mile River from Mud Lake to Lake Le Barge.


50


Across Lake Le Barge.


31


Thirty-Mile River to Hootalinqua River


30


Down Hootalinqua and Lewis Rivers to Fort Selkirk.


187


Fort Selkirk down the Yukon to Daw- son City


195


Total Direct Distance from Dyea to Dawson City, 603.


* There is a local steamboat passage from Juneau to Dyea. From that point all goods must be carried on the backs of native carriers, horses, or burros, across Chilkoot Mountain Pass.


398


19


$250.00


New York to Dyea ..


399


DISTANCES APPROXIMATE.


PRICE OF EXCURSION TICKETS TO ALASKA AND RETURN, MAY TO SEPTEMBER, INCLUSIVE, 1897, BY THE PACIFIC COAST STEAMSHIP COMPANY.


San Francisco via Victoria and Port Townsend, re- turning same way ..


$130 00


San Francisco via Victoria, returning via Tacoma, Portland and Columbia River.


140 00


San Francisco via Portland and Tacoma, returning via Victoria and Straits of Fuca ...


140 00


Portland, Oregon, via Tacoma and Port Townsend (N. P. R. R. to Tacoma.


109 00


From Tacoma.


100 00


Seattle


98 00


-


Victoria, B. C.


95 00


Port Townsend,


95 00


TICKETS (NOT RETURN) AS FOLLOWS.


Cabin.


Steerage.


San Francisco to Juneau or Sitka


$ 70 00


$ 40 00


" Wrangel


50 00


25 00


Portland to Juneau or Sitka.


60 00


35 00


"


Wrangel


40 00


20 00


Tacoma


33 00


17 50


Juneau or Sitka.


53 00


32 50


Seattle


" Wrangel.


32 50


17 00


"


Juneau or Sitka.


52 50


32 00


Victoria or Townsend to Juneau or Sitka.


50 00


30 00


"


Wrangel


30 00


15 00


SITKA AND UNALASKA MAIL ROUTE.


Freight


Cabin Pas.


Steerage Pas.


ROUTE.


per ton.


Single Trip.


Round Trip.


Single | Round Trip. Trip.


Sitka to or from Yakutat.


"


Nutchik


9 50


27 50


49 50


18 50


33 50


Kodiak (St. Paul).


10 00


35 00


60 00


22 50


40 50


12 00


39 50


71 00


25 50


46 00


Unga ..


17 50


53 50


96 50


35 00


63 00


Sand Point


19 50


54 50


98 00


35 50


64 00


Unalaska.


20 00


70 00


120 00


45 00


80 00


Kodiak (St. Paul) to or from Una-


laska ..


10 00


35 00


60 00


22 50


40 00


Yakutat to or from Nutchik


5 00


13 50


24 50


9 00


16 00


Nutchik


Kodiak (St.Paul


5 00


13 00


23 50


8 50


15 50


Kodiak (St. Paul) to or from Karluk


2 00


4 50


8 00


3 00


5 00


Karluk to or from Unga. ....


5 50


14 00


26 00


9 50


17 00


Unga


Sand Point.


5 00


1 00


2 00


50


1 00


Sand Point to or from Unalaska


10 00


16 50


30 00


11 00


20 00


$ 6 50


$14 00


$25 00


$ 9 50


$17 00


Karluk


400


ALASKA.


ONE YEAR'S SUPPLY FOR ONE MAN.


ARTICLES.


Upper Yukon Winter Price.


REMARKS.


Flour, 400 lbs.


$1 20


May get wet or sour.


Bacon, 150 lbs.


40


Beans, 100 1bs


75


Sugar, 75 lbs.


50


Dried Fruits, 75 lbs.


35


Matches, 60 pks.


..


Candles, 40 lbs.


....


May Sour.


Fresh Beef at Dawson will cost


50


Caribou Hamns will cost there, each about


40 00


Dried Beef, 30 lbs.


50


Eggs will cost there. .per doz


2 00


Rice, 25 to 50 1bs.


30


Moose Hams


30 00


Dry Salt Pork, 25 lbs.


......


Evaporated Potatoes, 25 lbs


40


Fish.


20 to 30


Coffee, 25 1bs.


$1 00


Raw Potatoes ..


65


Corn Meal, 20 1bs.


1 00


Salt, 20 1bs.


75


Tea, 10 lbs.


1 00


Yeast Cakes, 6 pks


...


Evaporated Onions, 5 lbs


Soap (Laundry), 10 1bs.


...


Soap (Toilet), 10 cakes


......


Soda, 3 lbs .


......


Condensed Soup, 3 doz.


.....


Pepper, 1 1b.


......


Mustard, 2 lbs.


......


Condensed Milk, 2 doz


.per can


1 00


Extract of Beef, 2 doz. .per jar


2 00


Ducks. .each


20 00


Tin Plates, 1/2 doz


..


...


Spoons (3 Tea, 3 Table)


......


Jamaica Ginger (4 oz.), 2 bottles


....


Granite Buckets, 2.


...


Gold Pan, I


...


Stove, I ..


Knives and Forks, 2 each.


Cups and Saucers, 2 each


Quaker Bread Pan, I


....


Whetstone, I


......


Coffee Pot, I


......


Small Tea Pot, 1


......


Pick, I


15 00


Handles (3)


.each


1 00


Sled, Dog and Outfit


150 00


Vary with size.


..


Compressed Soup Vegetables, 10 lbs.


Mutton Soup ..


.per cal


Baking Powder, 10 lbs.


....


Get most reliable brand.


Get good brand. Get a reliable article.


Per 1b.


Rolled Oats, 36 1bs.


50


DAVIDSON'S GLACIER.


SUPPLIES-APPROXIMATE. 401


ONE YEAR'S SUPPLY FOR ONE MAN-Continued.


ARTICLES.


Upper Yukon Winter Price.


REMARKS.


Per 1b.


Tack Hammer and Lifter, or a patent Combined Hammer, Wrench, Lifter, etc.


Hatchet, 1.


......


Saw, Whip, I


......


Saw, Hand, I


Shovel, 1


15 00


Tacks, box of several sizes, I each


......


Nails, assorted sizes, 20 1bs


......


Screws,


....


..


Pins, Needles, Buttons, Pocket Knives.


Ink, Pocket Pen, Lead Pencils, Envelopes and Paper.


Bolts, Locks and Keys, Staples, Yale or Padlocks.


Lumber on the spot will cost from $150 to $750 per thousand feet according to quality.


Miners obtain $15 per day ; other workmen less, according to the kind of work employed at. Next season cooks, house-working people, and me- chanics will get less than they do now, but the wages will not be low while the access to the region is so difficult as at present.


Under-Garments-Pants, about Sio; Coats, $10 to $50. Fine Clothing varies with what is needed and the size.


Flannels, Fur garments or wraps are absolutely required for general winter wear.


Rubber Boots are necessary to the ininer, and will cost $25 per pair. Leather Boots are $10 per pair.


26


.....


CHAPTER XLI.


POINTS OF INTEREST FROM PUGET SOUND TO CHILKOOT PASS AND SITKA.


P ASSING up through Puget Sound to the Gulf of Georgia and past the Straits of Juan de Fuca on the left, we enter Discovery Passage with the large Is- land of Vancouver to the west and Valdés Island to the east. Now, if travelers will consult the maps in rotation and this list, which has been specially prepared for their benefit, the text and route will explain quite thoroughly the entire inland passage route which passenger steam- ers usually take.


See Map No. 4.


On the east side will be noticed :


Willow Point, a small insignificant, low, rocky point covered with wil- lows, and


Yakulta, an Indian village ; farther on is


Cape Mndge, a peculiar headland about 250 feet high, flat and wooded 011 its summit, forming a rather ab- rupt yellow clay cliff, covered more or less with vegetation ; then comes


Kwathiaski Cove, which is two- thirds of a mile long and less than half a mile wide, it is bordered by a sandy beach and only fit for steamers or small crafts to navigate. In the centre of this cove lies a small but rather high island called the Gronse Island. We next come to


See Map No. 5.


Steep Island, which is very narrow and less than half a mile long. It is about 100 feet high and has a bluff shore on the western side. This island is separated from the Valdes Island by the Gowland Harbor whose shores are very irregular. Here we have tlie Gowland Island, which is about one


On the west will be observed : Vancouver Island, along which will be found


Campbell River, a large stream navigable for some distance by boats or canoes ; farther on is


Duncan Bay, which is easy of ac- cess. Then comes


See Map No. 5.


Orange Point, a bare and round indentation in the shore and of a reddish color ; next comes


Race Point, a high bluff promon- tory, flat and bare of trees. Some dis- tance up we have the


Menzie Bay, which is a mile and a half long and three-quarters of a


402


file


0


Propell


Galiano !


COLETAS


LaDonchore Channel


Broughton !


0


Noel Cas


RDI


KNIGHT


INLET


Malcolm


T


Turnour


Br


Harbledown


nyon


J


Craecreft


JOHNSTONE


.. HRAIT


Hardwicke


105


Th


V


A


0


VALDES I


2


C


VERY


0


UVER


PASSA


1.


Mudge


Map No. 4-Entrance to the Inland Passage to Alaska from Puget Sound and Gulf of Georgia, through Discovery Passage, Johnstone Strait, Broughton Strait, Queen Charlotte Sound, Christie Passage and New Channel. From Cape Mudge to Port Alexander.


New Channel


CHARLOTTE


CHANNEL


**


SOUND


Inter


403


POINTS OF INTEREST.


mile long and a third of a mile wide ; { its northwestern end is known as Vigilant Point, a short distance from which we have


Entrance Bank, which is composed of sand, partly dry at low water. Then conies the


Yellow Islet, which lies a short dis- tance from Mand Island, which is 300 feet high and less than half a mile wide, it is near Nanoose Harbor. Then you see


Plumper Bay, which is nearly a mile long and half a mile wide. Many a vessel surges heavily on her chains. caused by the strong eddies and tides in this bay.


Separation Head, an oval high pe- ninsula extending from the Valdés Is- land here separates Plumper Bay from Deep Water Bay, the latter of which is very deep and about a mile long and over half a mile wide.


Between these bays lies a low point called Granite Point. It is wooded on top and bare at the ends. A short distance from here lies a sub- merged rock.


There are two more deep inlets into Valdés Island, and then we reach Nodales Channel which divides this island from the Thurlow Islands. Valdés Island was named for Don Cayetano Valdés, who visited the Gulf of Georgia in 1792, in the Spanish galiot Mexicana. These islands may be known by being opposite Chat- ham Point which is on Vancouver Island and marks the entrance to Johnstone Strait. The Thurlow Is- lands were formerly supposed to consist of but one island. We then proceed to


Knox Bay, which is two-thirds of a mile long and wide. Then comes


Eden Point, the extreme northwest- ern end of Thurlow Island ; it is bold and cliffy.


Then Chancellor Channel comes in and divides these islands from Hard- wicke Island south of which lie the Helmcken Island. It is nearly 200 feet high and has many small islets lying near by one of which is Speaker Rock.


Between these islets are Current and Race Passages ; both are deep, but the latter is generally used as it is free of danger. Then we pass


mile wide. The entrance to the bay is obstructed by a large triangular sand bank, which is partly dry at low water. Extending between this bay and Seymour Narrows we have


Wilfred Point. The Seymour Nar- rows are two miles long, the shores on both sides being high and rugged. It is very narrow, and the tide rushes through rapidly. Then we have


Otter Point, which has a gravel beach bordered by a fringe of kelp. Next comes


Elk Bay, then


See Map No. 4.


Otter Cove, a small but shug anchorage, south of Chatham Point. This point is low and fringed with rocks. It is 24 iniles from Cape Mudge. Near the entrance of this cove is the Limestone or Lewis Island, a small islet 100 feet high and near it is another islet called Snag Rock Just north of Chatham Point is Beaver Rock. Then we enter


Johnstone Strait, which separates Vancouver Island from the Thurlow and other islands. Ella Point extends from the eastern shore of Thurlow Island.


Three miles from Chatham Point lie the Pender Islands which are 150 feet high and are rugged and barren. Near these is


Mt. Eldon, a square-topped hill, peculiarly wooded, quite abrupt and isolated. Farther on, on the Van- couver shore, we have


Ripple Point, off of which are heavy tide rips in windy weather. Nine and three-quarter miles from here is Camp Point, which has a rocky beach sloping gradually to the sea. A short distance from here is Ripple Shoal, surrounded by water and covered with kelp. Then we


reach


Salmon Bay, which has no anchor- age, the bank at its head being bold to. A river of the same name flows into it.


Here stretches an extensive valley in the centre of which a remarkable bare peak towers 800 feet. It is called Valley Cone. Some distance up is the


404


ALASKA.


Earl Ledge which is on the western ! shore of Hardwicke Island ; it is only uncovered at low water. Near by is Yorke Island, a high and round island about a miile and a halfwide. Another islet is the Fanny Reef, between which and the north shore of the strait is Sunderland Channel ; this channel is subject to heavy tide rips and separates Hardwicke Island from the mainland. A little farther on we have


Blinkinsop Bay, which is over a mile deep and half a mile wide. It is easy of access as it is sheltered and its shores are high. Its southeast- ern headland is Tuna Point, and about a half mile from this bay is Jessie Island. Then comes


Port Neville, which is an inlet named by Vancouver in 1792. It is dangerous to enter owing to Channel Rock which lies near the entrance. Another small island near the en- trance of Port Neville is the Milly Island, about four miles from which is the Simpson Reef, which is a kelp- covered ledge of rocks about a quar- ter of a mile from the shore. Then come the


Broken Islands, they are all low, rugged and small. North of these we have the


Havannah Channel which is about four iniles long and connects Port Harvey with Call Creek Inlet. The southern headland of this channel is called Domville Point, near which is the entrance to Port Harvey. It is two miles long and joins Knight Inlet at high water. There are many islets in this port called the Mist Islands. Farther on lies the


Escape Reef, which is covered witlı kelp in summer and is surrounded by deep water. Then comes


Forward Bay, which is a mile and a quarter broad and three- quarters of a mile deep. It is a good stopping place. In the southwestern part of this bay lies the Bush Islet, and in the eastern side Green Islet. Then comes the


Cracroft Island, which is separated from the Harbledown Island and the Hanson Island by the Blackney Pass- age and Baronet Passage. Farther on is


Boat Harbor, a small cove six miles from Forward Bay, about three miles from this harbor are the Sophia Islands. Between the Hanson, Pearse !


Adams River, a small stream on the eastern side of Vancouver Island. Farther on is


Robson Bight, a slight indentation of the Vanconver shore. Then we have a small islet known as


Blinkhorn Island, on which the timber is prostrated, due to a squall. Beyond this is


Bauza Cove. There the Broughton Strait connects the Johnstone Strait and Queen Charlotte Sound. It is 15 miles long, separating Vancouver Island from Malcolm Island. At the entrance of this strait is Beaver Cove, whose northwestern headland is called Lewis Point. Three miles from the cove, Mt. Holdsworth, a conical peak rises to the height of 3000 feet. Then comes the


Nimpkish River, flowing in a north- erly direction and emptying into a shallow bay. On its northern bank near the entrance is the old village of Cheslakee, now in ruins. About six miles up this river is Lake Karınnt- sen.


Nearly a mile from this river is Green Islet. Then comes


Port McNeill, and its northern headland is called Ledge Point and slopes gradually to the water. South of this point lies the Eel Reef.


Three miles from Pulteney Point lies Su-quash Anchorage, which is shel- tered from the westerly winds by Single Tree Point. Here a coal mine was at onetime worked. Farther on is


False Head and Beaver Harbor, the latter of which is formed by a num- ber of islets lying between Thomas Point, the southeastern headland of the harbor, and Dillon Point, which is the northwestern headland. The latter point is much broken, wooded and rocky.


On the southern shore of this har- bor the Hudson Bay Company estab- lished a post called Fort Rupert, near which a garden has been made in which fruit and vegetables grow plentifully. Here also is a large In- dian village.


Not far from Thomas Point is Deer Island, near which are the Round and Cattle Islands, one of the latter is called Shell Islet. It is the astro- nomical station.


405


POINTS OF INTEREST.


and Cormorant Islands are the Wyn- ton and Race Passages, which are considered dangerous as the tide rushes through rapidly. The north- western point of Cormorant Island is called Leonard Point. Then comes


Alert Bay, which is abreast of Green Islet, the southwestern liead- land of this bay is called Yellow Bluff which has a yellow cliff at its extreme point.


This bay affords good anchorage and vessels can stop at any time. Here there is plenty of wood and water to be found. There is also a large salmon cannery, a mission and an Indian village. A little farther on is


Haddington Island, separated from Malcolin Island by False Passage.


Malcolm Island is 13 and a half miles long and over two miles wide ; it has a low, sandy beach. On its eastern side is a high cliff, called Donegal Head, and seven miles from here is Dickenson Point, and directly west from this point is Rough Bay.


Its southwestern point is called Pulteney Point. Then comes


Queen Charlotte Sound, which was named by Wedgborough in Angust, 1786. It connects the inner channels of Vancouver Island with the Pacific Ocean. Here the


Goletas Channel leads to Cape Co111- merell, a distance of 22 iniles. But we proceed northward among the islands through which there are seve- ral passages easily navigated. This Channel is separated from New Chan- nel by a number of high islands called The Gordon Group. The east- ern one of which is Doyle Island, and on it is Miles Cone, a wonderful peak 380 feet high. Just south of the Gor- don Group is Duncan Island, which is 300 feet high. About a mile west of Duncan Island are the Noble Islets. We then pass through


Christie Passage which separates the Hurst Island, one of the Gordon Group, from Balaklava Island and connects New and Goletas Channels


Then continuing through New Channel for about 12 and a half iniles we have a clear passage to Queen Charlotte Sound, leaving the Walker Gronp far to the east, passing the Crane Islets and Redfern Island, taking great care to avoid Grey Rock which is but slightly covered.


Then we should keep well east of


In the northern part of the harbor is Peel Island, which is 200 feet high and wooded ; near it are the Charlie Islets, two small bare rocks.


West of the Peel Island is the Dæ- dalus Passage, and a short distance from Dillon Point lie a group of high wooded islets called the Masterman Islands, and just south of these is Hardy Bay, the eastern point of which is called Duval Point ; it is on an island. Then comes


Balaklava Island, which is rugged and irregular. This Island is sepa- rated from Galiano Island by the Browning Passage whose tide is very weak. At the southern entrance is Boxer Point, which is also the south- ern extreme of Port Alexander, an indentation of Galiano Island, and is easy of access at any time.


The Galiano, which is the largest island north of Goletas Channel is eight miles long and over three miles broad. Mt. Lemon, a strange conical peak, 1200 feet high, is on this island, as also is the Maginn Saddle, which is two peaks between 700 and 800 feet high and a third of a mile apart. Then comes


Shadwell Passage, which separates Galiano Island from Hope Island and connects Goletas Channel and Queen Charlotte Sound. Bates Passage, which is the northeastern portion of the Shadwell Passage, is separated front the main portion by the Van- sittart Islands. At the southern en- trance of Shadwell Passage and close to the western side of Galiano Island is Willes Island, which is 200 feet high; near it is a low, small islet called Slave Islet.


Heath Point is the western head- land of this passage, and two miles farther on is Turn Point, and about the same distance from this point is Cape James, a rocky bluff 90 feet high ; in the opposite direction from this point are Center Island and Su- wanee Rock. On this rock the U. S. S. Suwanee was lost in July, 1869.


In the northern part of the passage several islets are located, two of which are the Nicolas Islands and


One Tree Islet, which is small but very high ; it has a single tree on its summit which has grown to a great height. Then entering South Passage we pass the


406


ALASKA.


Shadwell Passage and Roller Bay un- 1 til near Pine Island, then we pass Blind Reef and Storm Island.


See Map No. 6.


Next we come to South Passage which connects Queen Charlotte and Fitzhugh Sounds. Then going from Cape Canton to Cape Calvert we pass Neck Point and Blunder Bay, the northern part of which is Indian Cove, a place where the Indians usually stop when canoeing between the sounds, wethen passa number of small islands and Smith Sound, one of the former of which is Egg Island, the principal landmark between Goletas Channel and Fitzhugh Sound. The others are Table Island, Cluster Reefs, White Rocks and Canoe Rocks. Then on past Cranstown Point we enter


Fitzhugh Sound, which is deep water for about 40 miles. It sepa- rates Calvert and other islands from the main land. Continuing up a little distance is


Karslake Point, the southern end of an island at the entrance of Schooner Retreat, which is on the western side of Penrose Island and is considered a safe harbor. The In- dian name for it is Kapilisk. We then pass


Sea Bluff, the Grey Iron Islets, Iron- side Island and Frigate Bay-in which there are several small islets, one of which is Center Islet. Between these islets a passage is formed towards the southeast, and here the bay joins the Rivers Inlet. On the southeastern side of Penrose Island is Quoin Hill, which is nearly 900 feet above the sea. We then go on past


Penrose Island, which is in Rivers Inlet-the waters passing on both sides of it. We then continue leav- ing Point Addenbrook, Point Han- bury and Addenbrook Island (the lat- ter of which was named by Van- couver in 1792) on the east, passing Kiwash Island, which is directly opposite Namu Harbor in which are the Cliff and Plover Islands. Har- lequin Basin and Rock Creek are both parts of this harbor, the latter of which has two islets at its entrance, called Sunday and Clam Islets, the entrance between which is Whirlwind Bay. Near Green Islet and Observa- tion Point in the mouth of Rock Creek is Loo Rock, which is a sunken rock


See Map No.6.


Sea Otter Group which are, Danger Shoal, Hanna Rocks, Virgin Rocks, Channel Reef, New Patch, Pearl Rocks, Watch Rock, and Devil Rock, the lat- ter of which is a dangerous rock, the sea seldom breaking on it. The Hanna and Pearl Rocks were discovered by Captain James Hanna who explored this coast in 1786. The former rock was named after him. Just above here is the


Mosman Island, one of the group of Sorrow Islands, which is separated from Calvert Island by Grief Bay, then we approach


Cape Calvert, which is the southern- most part of Calvert Island. It is cover- ed with spruce, pine and hemlock trees. This island lies between Hecate Strait and Fitzhugh Sound, and in the center of it on the eastern side is Safety Cove, which is preferred to Schooners Retreat, as it is so handy. Just a short distance from this cove there is a conical peak. Mt. Buxton is also on Calvert Island. About seven and a half miles from Safety Cove is


Kwakshua, which separates Hecate and Calvert Island ; it is supposed to be part of Hecate Strait. Farther on we have


Goldstream Harbor, which has a narrow wiuding passage, its shores are rugged and covered with kelp. There are many islets and rocks in this harbor, one of which is Evening Rock. Then comes


Hakai Strait, which connects He- cate Strait and Fitzhugh Sound ; it does not appear navigable owing to the numerous rocks and islets, but it is possible, as Vancouver passed through on his way to the sea in 1792. Some of the islets in this strait are called the Starfish Islets, and between these is Welcome Harbor.




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