USA > Alaska > Alaska, its neglected past, its brilliant future > Part 24
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The northern extremity of this island is Point Vallenar. Then pass- ing Guard Island to Cape Caamano we pass on to Ship Island, back of which Ship Point extends from the mainland.
Some distance up is Point Leme- surier, which extending from the mainland forms a peninsula, around which there are several bays, Union Bay being one of them.
Here Ernest Sound enters the strait, separating the Etolin Island from the mainland. Along the coast after passing the sound are a number of islands on the largest of which is Point Onslow. Next is Point Stan-
See Map No. 12.
hope the southern extremity of Stan- hope Island ; then extending north- ward are some rocky islets and islands. Near one of these, called Screen Island, Vancouver found shelter.
Here Stikine Strait enters, separat- ing Etolin and Woronkoffski Islands from Zarembo Island. Vancouver called all the islands lying between
-
Point Chasina, and west of this point is another arm of Clarence Strait, called Cholmondeley Sound, which extends southward for about 13 miles, its head is near that of Moira Sound and Tliakaek Bay, the country between these passages is called Kaigan Portage.
On the eastern shore of Cholmon- deley Sound is an Indian village, called the Chasina Settlement.
Skin Island is one of the largest of the cluster of islets which are along the coast for some distance, which after passing for about eight miles we come to
Island Point, which extends from the Prince of Wales Archipelago into Kasa-an Bay, whose northern head- land is Point Grindall, not far from which is an island of the same name, and southwest of this island, in the entrance of the bay, is High Island and a number of others.
Kasa-an Bay divides into several arms, all extending toward the south- west. From here on we have a clear passage to
Tolstoi Bay, which was named by Nichols in 1882, owing to its prox- imity to Tolstoi Point, which extends into Clarence Strait to the east of the bay. Some distance up is
Narrow Point, and six miles far- ther on is
See Map No. 12.
Ratz Harbor, a basin two miles long and one mile wide, but very narrow at the entrance and it is obstructed by an islet. Then we continue for some distance to a group of islands called the
Kashevaroff Islands. Blashke, Shrub- by and Bushy Islands are three of this group. Then extending from the southern part of Zarembo Island is
414
ALASKA.
Ernest Sound, Clarence Strait, Sum- ner Strait, Blake Channel and East- ern Passage, the Duke of York Islands. They are the Wrangel, Zarembo, Woronkoffski and Seward Islands.
The Stikine and Zimovia Straits, the Eastern Passage, Ernest Sound and Bradfield Canal extend between these islands. Next comes
Point Harrington, which extends from Etolin Island into Stikine Strait; this point in summer is covered with a growth of bright green bush.
Just above, Steamer Bay extends quite a distance into Etolin Island. Farther on is
Quiet Harbor, and then some distance up Chichagoff Pass con- nects Stikine Strait and Zimovia Strait and separates Etolin and Woronkoffski Islands We then reach Wrangel, which is in the north- ern part of Wrangel Island, and this island is separated from Etolin Islaud by the Zimovia Strait.
At Wrangel in 1867 the Uuited States military post of Fort Wrangel was erected, but there is no military establishment there now, the fort being used for other purposes. A deputy collector of customs is sta- tioned there, and there are two churches beside other missions and over 100 houses or shanties.
The northern point of Wrangel Island is called Point Highfield, here there is an anchorage and the Hudson Bay Company traders frequent this place.
A short distance from here is the Simonoff Island. A very rapidly flowing stream, navigable for quite a long distance, comes in at this point, called the Stikine River. It is one of the most important rivers in the eastern side of this passage.
The country is very mountainous and the ride up the river is very picturesque. Glaciers cau be seen on the way, one well up the stream is called Great Glacier. The northern point of the Woronkoffski Island is called Point Woronkoffski.
Having stopped at Wrangel, we go directly through Sumner Strait, pass- ing Point Shekesti, the Five Mile, Vank, Sokoloff and Station Islands. Sumner Strait was named in honor of the lamented statesman to whose endeavor is chiefly due the acquisi-
Nesbitt Point, and from the eastern side of the same island is
Round Point. We go up some little distance, then turning to the right stop at
Wrangel ; then proceed directly to- ward the left, passing on the north side of Zarembo Island, from which Point Craig extends, and near this point is
Baht Harbor, then going on a short distance we turn directly to the north and enter the Wrangel Strait which separates the Mitkoff Island from the Woewodski Island and Lindenberg Peninsula.
Hood Point extends into Wrangel Strait from this peninsula, as also does Prolewy Point, which is some distance up- Farther on is
See Map No. 13.
Cape of The Straits and Portage Islands, near which is
Portage Bay, and it extends for some distance southward into the Kupre- anoff Islands. We then go on in an northeasterly direction to
Frederick Sound, keeping north of the Poverotni Islands and many islets. Then taking a southwesterly course we pass Cape Bendel and Point Ma- cartney, which extend from the Ku- preanoff Islands into the sound. After reaching
Yasha Island to which we keep to the north, we again turn and go northwest for some distance, passing
Kelp Bay, Lull and Thatcher Points, Midway Reef, and Traders and Fair- way Islands, keeping to the north of
See Map No. 14.
the latter island, we proceed iu a northwesterly direction passing a number of points, which are
Pestchain, Nismeni, Rock, Pogib- shi, Yellow, Middle, Siroi, and Fish Points, directly to the south of which is Fish Bay, on whose southern shore is Haley Anchorage. Below this bay is Point Kakul Here we change our course and proceed in a southeasterly direction to
Sitka. After leaving Point Kakul we pass Kane Island, which is at the en- trance of St. John Baptist Bay, then comes Point Zeal, after which we en-
Stikine River
BRACCI
SEWARD I.
Farnest Sound
Strait
LINDENBERG PEN'LA
KUPREANOFF !. Red Bày
Keku Islets.
un
BARANOFF ISLAND
Larch Bay
Whale Bay
PuffinBay
1. Zimovia Strait ETOLIN Ichago M SACP MITKOFF 1. STRAIT LINO VANKI INIMUS Kashevaroff ids. Durcal Can Wiewodsk MASNEVAROFE Clarence Strait WRANGELL 1 ZAREMBO I. ROFE PASSACE N STRAIT Shaka JANWAS RT U K pov KOSCIUSKO | ana! STRAIT Spanish Islands Tebienkoff Ba KUIU I. 00 1 SOUND Coronation PRINCE OF WALES ARCHIPELAGO. KANGILL Map No. 12-From Cape Northumberland to Point Agassiz, through Clarence Strait, Stikine Strait, CHATHAM Bay of Pillars
Sumner Strait and Wrangel Strait.
nom
STEPHENS
Glass
HOLKHAM BAN
Penl'a.
PASSAGE
Seymou
Canal
.....
ISLAND
Mood
Pay
HOUNION
Strait
FREDERICK
SOUND
DRY STRAIT
...
ENTRANCE TO
WRANGELL NARROW
Sacura
Saginaw 80g
KUPREANOFF
?
Map No. 13-From Point Agassiz to Point Craven, through Dry Strait, Frederick Sound and Chatham Strait.
BARANOFF ISLAND
ADMIRALTY
Chatham
PORT
KELP BAY
415
POINTS OF INTEREST.
tion of this territory by the United States.
Then we reach Point Howe aud Poiut Alexander where we turu and go northward through Wrangel Strait, one of the arms of the Sum- ner Strait. Passing Battery Island we reach the part of the strait called Wrangel Narrows.
Above this Blind Passage enters the strait, and farther on we have Blunt Point. Then entering Dry
See Map No. 13.
Strait we pass west of the Soukhoi Islands above which Point Agassig extends into Carlile Bay. On the mainland east of this bay is the Pat- terson Glacier. Going on some dis- tance we pass
Point Vandeput, Bay Point, Point Highland and Cape Faushaw. Or we could take a northerly direc- tion past Cape Fanshaw between a number of islands, the largest of which are Five Fingers, Brothers, Ship, The Twins and Sunset Islands. Passing Port Houghton, Point Hobart, Point Gambier and Point Hugh, then passing between this latter point and Point Windham we enter Stephens Passage, which owing to the mineral deposits on its shores, makes it one of the most important channels of navigation in the terri- tory. About two miles north of Point Windham is Point League and a short distance farther on is Point Lookout.
East of these points is Mount Windham which is 2000 feet high. Some distance on is
Point Astley, which extends into Stephens Passage, forming the south- ern shore of Holkham Bay. Quite a number of islands lie within this bay, the larger ones being Harbor Island, and about one and a half miles from it Sand Island, Round Islet, Soundon or Sumdum Island and Bushy Islet.
It is said that a native village exists on Soundon Island. On the northeast shore of this bay glaciers can be seen. After passing these islands we reach
Point Coke, to the west of which are the Midway Islands. Then after going some distance passing a re- markable cascade to the east, we reach
ter Neva Strait and a short distance farther on is
Neva Point. Here the Nakwasina Passage, which, with the Olga Strait, forms a circle around Halleck Island, from whose southern extremity ex- tends Point Krngloi. Then passing Lisianski Point, which extends from the Barauoff Island, we pass the Katliana Bay, Bay of Starri-Gavan, and Harbor Point, which, after leav- ing, we pass among a number of islets and Japouski Island, and arrive at Sitka, in a beautiful harbor con- taining a number of islets.
The return route, the weather being favorable, is generally down through Sitka Sound into the Pacific Ocean, then entering Sumner Strait we pass through it to Clarence Strait, from which the return route is the same as heretofore described.
See Map No. 14.
After passing Poiut Kakıl we keep to the north of the Samoiloff Islets and Sinitsin Island, and enter
Salisbury Sound, then we reach Klokacheff Island the southern ex- tremity of which is called Klokacheff Point. Separating this island from the Chichagoff Island is Fortuna Strait. Then comes
Khaz Bay into which several streauis of fresh water fall. We then go on for some distance past Point Hiesman to
See Map No. 15.
Cape Edward, which extends from the Chichagoff Islands; west from this cape are a number of islets, and some distance farther on is
Portlock Harbor, a large body of water in which are the Hogan and IFill Islands. Then after passing Hot Springs we reach
Bahia de las Istas, which is three iniles long, and in which are numner- ous islets. Its northern shore is formned by Point Urey, which point ex- tends between Bahia de las Islas and Lisianski Strait, the latter separating Yakobi Island from the Chichagoff Group.
The southern extremity of Yakobi Island is called Point Theodor, above which Takhanis Bay extends into the same island. We next pass
416
ALASKA.
Point Ammer and Point Style- ' 111an between which extends Port Snettisham. Two arms extending from the northern end of this harbor makes it the shape of the letter T. Next comes
Limestone Inlet and Taku Harbor, and extending between these comnes Stockade Point. Farther on is
Grave Point on which the land rises rapidly to peaked and often snow- capped mountains. There is an Indian village and graves of Indians can be seen on this Point.
The Hudson Bay Company built a block-house and stockade for defense on Stockade Point, but they are now in ruins.
Taku Harbor is one of the best and snuggest in Alaska. Here in 1840 the Hudson Bay Company es- tablished a trading post, and seven tribes of Indians brought deer, sheep- skins and other furs which they sold. There are a large quantity of big-horn sheep and mountain goats in this neighborhood.
To the east a large peak is notice- and is called Taku Mountain.
See Map No. 15.
In the middle of Stephens Passage is Grand Island and seven miles farther on is the entrance of Taku Inlet, which extends for about 18 miles; at its head is a large bason, into which the Taku River empties. At the month of which is the River Islet. Turning here towards the west we pass the
Taku Village, Bishop Point, Point Arden and Point Salisbury. Here the Douglas Island, on which are the great Treadwell Mills, divides Stephens Passage in two. This island is about 20 miles long and tapers to a point on each end, the eastern extremity being Tantallon Point, and between the point and Point Salis- bury is Marmion Islet, and from here on, the channel separating Douglas Island from the mainland is called Gastinean Channel. This channel filled with floating ice was impassable until 1880. Then the mineral veins were discovered on the island and mainland. In 1881 the mining camps were established at Juneau. West of Point Arden a large stream flows into the channel. South
Cape Cross, which was so called as it was discovered on Holy Cross Day (May 3d), on which are many large, white rocks. About three miles northward is Surge Bay, which extends into Yakobi Island for some distance. The northwestern point of this island is called
Point Bingham and the northern extremity Soapstone Point. Here we enter
Cross Sound, passing Column Point and Point Lucan to Port Al- throp, in the entrance of which are the
Three-Hill and George Islands. Granite Cove extends from Port Al- throp into the latter island. Then continuing past
East, Inian, Northwest and South- west Islands, we reach
Point Wimbledon and Point Dun- das, between which extends Dundas Bay, then continuing past
Lemesurier Island, in the south- western part of which is Willoughby Cove, we enter
Icy Strait. Or if entering this strait on a homeward trip, after leav- ing Lynn Canal, we would pass Poi > Couverden, and go in a northwesterly direction, passing Swanson Harbor and Spaskaia Harbor ; near the latter harbor is an island of the same name. Farther on is
Point Sophia, just above which is Port Frederick, a very important inlet. Along its eastern shore is a large village of Indians, which the United States Navy named after them the Hooniah Harbor; they also named Pitt Island, which lies near the en- trance of Port Frederick. Then go- ing around Point Adolphus and pass- ing the Porpoise and Pleasant Islands we continue through Icy Strait, pass- ing
Point Gustavus and Bartlett Bay on the east, and Point Carolus on the west. Between these points is the entrance to
Glacier Bay, in which are the Beardslee Islands ; there are over 100 in the group. The shores of the Glacier Bay are covered with stumps of trees. On past the Beardslee Is- lands are the
Willoughby and Marble Islands, and to the east of the latter island is
Muir Inlet. Several beautiful gla- ciers are seen along this bay, the grandest, and probably the largest, one in the world is
Chichagoff
sound
Hoonak 3
Island
10
STRAI
PERIL
TS
CHATHAM STRAIT
Salisbury Sound
Chikoff
Parlons1.
Halleck
I.
strait
Krestoff
& SITKA
Sitka Sound
NECHER ISLANDS
Crawfish Intet
Great
Whole Bay
Map No. 14-From Point Craven to Sitka, through Peril, Neva and Olga Straits.
BARANOFF 1.
HELP
BAY
KRUZOFF 1.
FISH BAY
TRADERS
0
ST. ELIAS ALPS
Withoughts Island
GLACIER
BAY
Favorite Chani
Taylor Bay
Bartlen Borg
Ples
Lynn Canal
Gastineau Channe
Douglas I
MUD
ICY STRAIT
OCEAN
VAKOBI
nokee?
STEPHENS PASSAGE
Awater Bay
Glass Penta.
secret
"HaUnth St
Seymour tomat)
Map No. 15-From Point Craven to Lynn Canal, through Chatham Strait.
CHATHAM STRAIT
Takhan!
CHICHAGOFF ISLAND
Borner's Bay
PACIFIC
CROSS SOUND
demesure
417
POINTS OF INTEREST.
of Douglas Island, extending from the Admiralty Island, is Point Young, south of which is Auke Bay on whose shore is a small village, the home of the Auke Indians. North of this point is Scull Island, which is at the head of Young Bay. Going on for some distance to Fritz Cove, east of which are Spuhn Point, Point Louisa, Point Lena and Point Stephens we enter
Favorite Channel and on to Ly1111 Canal. After passing Fritz Cove, Barlow Point and Cove we enter Sagi- naw Channel, which extends between Shelter Island and Admiralty Island, and continue from Point Retreat up the Lynn Canal.
See Map No. 13.
Then taking a southwesterly direc- tion through Frederick Sound we pass
Point Napean and Point Towil- shend which extend from the Admiralty Island into the sound. Herring Bay, Murder Cove and Sur- prise Harbor, all parts of this sound extend iuto the island. We then reach Point Gardner and take a northwesterly direction, keeping far to the west of Point Caution, Russian Reef, Whitewater Bay, Woody, Rocky, Village, Distant and Samuel Points. Just above the latter point we turn passing to the south of the Morris Reef.
Here Point Hayes and Point Craven on either side of Sitkoh Bay extend from the Chichagoff Islands.
See Map No. 15.
Then continuing through Chatham Strait we pass
Point Parker, Marble Bluffs, Fishery Point, Point Hepburn and Cube Point, near the latter is Square Cove and far- ther on is Point Marsden, Game Cove and Hawk Inlet.
See Map No. 16.
Then passing around Hanus Reet we enter Lynn Canal, which extends for about 60 miles almost clear of auy obstructions. Its shores are in many places covered with large ever- green trees and large quantities of |shore is
Muir Glacier, which is described in the text and of which several illus- trations are shown. This bay was discovered and named by the United States Navy. It is quite large and vast quantities of broken ice and icebergs are floating in all directions. Upon a sunny day their varied shapes and hues of color, with a predomin- ance of blue tints shining with brilliancy and ever-changing loveli- ness is a scene never to be forgotten.
This glacier was first seen by Willoughby and subsequently by Rev. S. R. Young and Prof. John Muir, and more recently by Lieu. G. C. Hanus of the United States Navy.
It was named after Prof. John Muir and is supposed to extend with many minor glacial branches, over 200 miles to the Pacific Ocean.
Captain George, who named the Marble Islands, which lie northeast of Willoughby Island, made a sound- ing directly in front of the perpen- dicular wall and found it to be 75 fathoms. Or, we could go through
Chatham Sound to Lynn Canal, passing on our way South Passage and East Point, between which ex- tends Tenakee Passage, an arm of Chatham Strait, and just beyond East Point is Freshwater Bay. Farther on is
Iyoukeen Cove and False Bay, above which Point Augusta extends from the Chichagoff Islands into Chat- ham Strait. We then continue for some distance to
Point Couverden, which extends from an island of the same name. This island is the summer residence of the T'linkit Indians, who are very warlike and untrustworthy. Here also a great quantity of wood is cut for steamers.
Couverden Island is in Swanson Harbor, and in entering we should pass to the south of it, as there are also a number of islets and rocks in the entrance. We then go on up the canal for some distance, reaching the
See Map No. 16.
Lynn Sisters, a group of three small islands and a rock, above these are three more islands called the
Lynn Brothers. Between these two groups of islands on the western
27
418
ALASKA.
iron. Towards the northern part of the canal the water is almost fresh. We then continue on past
Funter Bay to Point Retreat passing quite a number of glaciers, the prin- cipal ones being Eagle Glacier on the east and Davidson Glacier on the west. Two miles from Point Retreat is a long, narrow island, called Lin- coln Island, it is about six and a half miles long.
About a mile from the centre of this island is Hump Island, and some distance farther on are the Ralston and Little Islands. Then passing around Vanderbilt Reef we see Point Bridget, which extends into Lynn Canal at the entrance of Berners Bay. This bay extends into the main land for about nine miles. Its north- ern shore is formed by Point St. Mary's, on which the mountains rise to quite a height and are covered with snow.
Five miles from this point is Point Sherman, then continuing for some distance past Eldred Rock and Se- duction Island, we see on the east the Chilkat Mountains, and on this shore is the Chilkat Mission. Many beautiful glaciers are passed and we reach the Chilkat Islands, a group of four or five islands extending for about two miles. Above these the Lynn Canal divides into two arms, separated by Seduction Point. The arms are the
Chilkat Inlet and the Chilkoot In- let. From the latter of which the Taiya or Dyea Inlet extends and on which the station or town of Dyea is located.
See Map No. 14.
A short distance from Point Craven is the Lindenberg Harbor which we pass and continue on to
Poperechai Island, below which we turn and pass between the Spruce, Krugli and Otstoia Islands. Then going south we pass Rapids and Su- loia Points and Deep Bay in which is Big Island. Part of this bay is called Suloia Bay.
Then turning towards the southeast we see the Samoiloff Islet and pass to the east of Partoffs-chikoff Island whose eastern extremity is Hayward Point, then on through Neva Strait passing Krestoff Island whose north- ern extremity is Point Olga.
Dome Peak. Above this projecting from the same shore is
Point Whidbey, and some distance above is
William Henry Bay, which is well protected and has a good anchorage. There is a good supply of fresh water, but it is almost impossible to get wood. Beardslee River enters the bay at its head, and, four miles farther ou is the
Endicott River, which is filled with sand-bars. Then comes the
Sullivan Islaud, and it extends for about five miles ; near this island is Sullivan Rock.
The White Mountains are on the western shore of Lynn Canal, here we have the Davidson Glacier, and between it aud the canal is
Glacier Point, which extends into the entrance of Chilkat Inlet, from the upper end of which the Dalton trail to the Yukon begins.
Katschın R
FOIUI chiEL
Chilkoot
Chilhat Infet
30
Sullivan I
chilkat
Excursion INLET
Pleasant I.
Glacier Bay
Bay
Bartlett
0
Berners Bay
LYNN CANAL
Shelter L.
LINCOLN I.
1
419
POINTS OF INTEREST.
Fromisla Bay extends into the southern part of this island and Kresta Point is at its southwestern end. Then passing the Gavanski and Apple Islands we arrive among many islets in the harbor of Sitka. The town consists of nearly 3000 people, about 1000 Indians, the others being Russians and Americans. It is the Capital and is the residence of Gov- ernor Brady, the present appointee and of other government officials.
CHAPTER XLII.
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ALASKA.
Aldrich, Herbert L.
Arctic Alaska and Siberia, or, eight months with the Arctic whalemen.
Chicago, Rand, McNally & Co., 1889, 234 pp. Illus. Folded Map, 12mo.
Allen, Willis Boyd.
The Red Mountain of Alaska.
Boston, Estes & Lauriat, 1889, 348 pp. Illus. Svo.
Badlam, Alexander.
The wonders of Alaska, 3d ed.
San Francisco, 1891, vii (1), 154 pp. Illus. Plates, Maps, 8vo.
Baedeker, Carl.
Guide Books. The Dominion of Canada with Newfoundland and an excursion to Alaska.
Leips, 1894, 1xii, 254 pp. Maps, Plans, 16mo.
Baker, Marcus.
The Alaskan boundary.
(Washington ? 1896?). 16 pp. Doc., Svo.
Baker, Marcus. Boundaries.
Boundary line between Alaska and Siberia. Extracted from the Bulletin of the Philosophical Society of Washington, vol. 4.
Washington, Judd & Detweiler, prs., 1882. (123)-133 pp. Folded Map.
Same. (In the Bulletin of the Philosophical Society of Wash- ington, vol. 4, 123-133 pp. )
Ballou, Maturin Murray.
Ballou's Alaska. The New Eldorado. A summer journey to Alaska. Tourist's edition with Maps.
Boston, Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1891, xxi, 335 pp., 16mo. Another edition with the title The New Eldorado is on 4365, 100 and 4467, 109.
420
ICY BAY.
421
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ALASKA.
Ballou, Maturin Murray.
The New Eldorado. A summer journey to Alaska.
Boston, Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1889, xi, 352 pp., 8vo.
Bancroft, Hubert Howe.
History of the Pacific States, vol. 28, 1730-1885.
San Francisco, 1886, xxviii, 775 pp., Map., Svo.
Bancroft, Hubert Howe.
Works, vol. 33. San Francisco, A. L. Bancroft, 1884, 37 vols., Svo.
Banks, Nathaniel Prentiss.
Purchase of Alaska. Speech in the House of Representatives, June 30, 186S.
Washington, F. & J. Rives, and G. A. Bailey, 1868, 16 pp., 8vo. Minnesota, Legislature of. Resolutions relative to the pur- chase of Alaska. U. S. 40th Congress, 2d session. Senate Mis., Doc. 68, 1867-8. U. S. 40th Congress, 2d session. House Doc., vol. II, Doc. 125. Transfer of territory from Russia to the U. S. Message from President, 1867-8.
Beardslee, L. A.
Report relative to affairs in Alaska. 47th Congress, Ist ses- sion. Senate Doc., vol. 4 ; Doc. No. 71, 1881-2.
Another. 46th Congress, 2d session. Senate Doc., vol. 4. Doc. No. 105 ; also vol. 5. Doc. No. 192.
Blake, William Phipps.
Geographical notes upon Russian America and the Stikine River ; being a report to the Secretary of State.
Washington, Govt. ptg. office, 1868, 19 pp. Illus. Map, Svo. Broke, George.
With sack and stock in Alaska.
London, Longman, Green & Co., 1891, xi, 158 pp., 2 Maps. Sını. Svo.
Bruce, Miner W.
Alaska, its history and resources, gold fields, routes and scenery.
Seattle, Lowman & Hanford, 1895, pp. 128. Illus. 8vo. Coast and geodetic survey.
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