USA > Arizona > Arizona business directory and gazetteer : containing the names and post-office addresses of all merchants, manufacturers and professional men in the territory of Arizona; territorial, county, city and town officers, 1881 > Part 11
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GHIRARDELLI'S CHOCOLATE The Best.
7
WM. B. HOOPER & CO. {
§ Tucson & Phoenix, A.T., El Paso, Tex., and Guaymas, Mexico,
Lubricating Oils.
90
ARIZONA.
PRESCOTT, A. T., GENERAL MERCHANDISE.
O., C
L. BASHFORD &
details of which are given elsewhere in this volume; and also the Gem, Last Chance, Surpriser, Pike, Emma, Copper Top, and many others rich in gold, silver, copper, and lead. In the Pinal and Superstition ranges of mountains, and also south of the Gila, the workings of ancient miners have been discovered. Hundreds of these old mines are said to exist, but it is not probable that very extensive or skillful mining was ever maintained in this country. A prospector says he has seen sahuaros (cactus gigan- tia) two feet in diameter and sixty feet in height, growing over the workings of these ancient mines. The mining regions are considerably elevated above the valley of the Gila, in a climate of greater difference of temperature, being warm in summer and re- ceiving slight falls of snow in winter. Everywhere it is healthy, and the comforts and refinements of high civilization are enjoyed. The great transcontinental railroad of the 32nd parallel crosses the county, and is connected by excellent wagon-roads with every section. The county derives its name from the Pinal range of mountains, which form its eastern border-these deriving their name from a branch of the Apache tribe of Indians.
Officers .- George L. Wratten, Probate Judge; J. P. Gabriel, Sheriff ; H. B. Summers, District Attorney ; Peter R. Brady, Treasurer ; John J. Devine, Recorder; Patrick Holland, John T. Bartleson, and G. F. Cook, Supervisors ; J. D. Walker, Clerk Board of Supervisors; Henry Schoshusen, Public Administrator ; J. Miller, Florence ; W. H. Benson, Pinal-Justices of the Peace.
YAVAPAI COUNTY.
Organized in 1864. Bounded north by the Territory of Utah, east by Apache, south by Gila and Maricopa, and west by Yuma and Mohave. Area, 30,700 square miles. Population, 1880- 5,013. County seat and capital of Arizona, Prescott. Principal towns : Alexandra, Bradshaw, Camp Verde P. O., or Fort Verde military post, Gillette, Tip Top, and Whipple Barracks, the headquarters of the Military Department of Arizona. Min- ing districts : Agua Fria, Big Bug, Black Canon, Black Hills, Black Rock, Cataract, Cherry Creek, Copper Basin, Hassayampa, Humbug, Martinez, Peck, Pine Grove, Silver Mountain, Tiger or Bradshaw, Tonto, Turkey Creek, Walker, Walnut Grove, and Weaver. The principal mountains are the Jerked Beef and Pi- nole peaks in the south-east, the Mogollon in the east, the Buck- skin Mountains in the north, the Juniper and Mt. Hope ranges in the west, the Bradshaw, Verde, and Mazatzal ranges in the south, "and the Black Hills, San Francisco, and other mountains and buttes in the interior. The rivers are the Great Colorado, enter- ing at the north and with a long sweep southerly, turning north- westerly and westerly, flowing into Mohave; the Colorado Chi- quito, or Little Colorado, having its sources in New Mexico,
The J. M. Brunswick & Balke Co.
BILLIARD TABLE § 653 & 655 Market.St. MANUFACTUREKS, ? San Francisco.
LORD & WILLIAMS CO., Tucson, A. T., General Merchandise.
COUNTIES AND COUNTY OFFICERS.
91
flowing northwesterly across Apache, joining the great river at its southern bend. Cataract Creek rises in the center of the county and flows north into the Colorado. The Santa Maria and other small streams in the west, join Bill Williams Fork; and in the south are the Hassayampa, Agua Fria, Verde, Tonto, and their branches. The county comprises a vast area, sufficient to form a State larger than many of the older States of the Union. The surface is irregular and unique, with resources undeveloped, and known but to a limited extent. They are mineral, agricultural, and pastoral. The north is a high, and generally barren plateau of basaltic rock, through which the Colorado flows in a canon, the most remarkable in the world, being often near a mile in depth, with perpendicular walls, shutting out the light of day from the river's surface. South of this are the many mining dis- tricts, fertile and grassy valleys, and forest-covered mountains. The entire country is at an elevation of several thousand feet above the sea, and subject to snow in winter, though not to ex- cess, the general climate being mild and healthy. Game, such as deer, antelope, bear, and wild turkeys abound. Placer mines of great value were discovered and worked as early as 1862, and soon thereafter veins of gold, silver, copper, and lead-bearing ores were found, which have been mined with great success. For a number of years this was the principal mining county of Arizona, but the opening of new mines near the Southern Pacific Rail- road, has drawn the attention of capital and enterprise in that direction, leaving Yavapai in the background. The difficulty of access has greatly retarded development, but this will soon be remedied by the construction of the Atlantic and Pacific Rail- road, which will probably cross the county before the expiration of 1882. In the meantime a route for a railway from Prescott via Phonix to the Southern Pacific at Maricopa has been sur- veyed, and work on it will probably soon commence. The Pres- cott and Thirty-Fifth Parallel Railroad Co. have also filed arti- cles of incorporation, and contemplate soon to commence the con- struction of a road from Prescott, to connect with the Atlantic and Pacific. With these improved lines of travel, the salubrious climate, grand scenery, and illimitable resources of mine, forest, and farm, will attract a thrifty population to Yavapai.
Officers :- A. O. Noyes, Probate Judge; Joseph R. Walker, Sheriff; Joseph P. Hargrave, District Attorney; E. J. Cook, Treasurer ; William Wilkerson, Recorder ; J. N. Rodenburg, W. A. Cline, and J. M. Myers, Supervisors ; D. F. Mitchell, Clerk Board of Supervisors; Thomas W. Simmons, Public Administra- tor ; John Mans, Agua Fria; John Anderson, Alexandra ; John Stemmer, Ash Creek ; S. E. Miner, Big Bug ; George C. Waddell, Bradshaw ; George W. Hull, Central Verde; Richard De Kuhn, Cherry Creek; S. C. Rees, Chino Valley ; W. H. Smith, Crook Cañon ; J. Trotter, Gillette; William Burch, Green Valley ; D.
GHIRARDELLI'S CHOCOLATE The Best.
B E. IRVINE & CO., Phoenix, A. T., AGENTS FOR THE CALIFORNIA POWDER WORKS. H c
Prescott, A. T., ALL KINDS OF AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.
C
&
L. BASHFORD
WM. B. HOOPER & CO.{
son & Phoenix, A. T., El Pas Tex., and Guaymas, Mexico, } Wholesale Liquor Dealers.
92
ARIZONA.
Monroe, Lower Agua Fria ; Frank E. Jordan, and Murray McIn- ernay, Lower Verde; C. Y. Shelton, Lynx Creek ; P. Wilder, Mount Hope; Andrew Jackson, Oak Creek ; J. H. Pierson, Pee- ples Valley ; John Hicks, Pine Creek; Paul M. Fisher, Henry W. Fleury, and J. L. Hall, Prescott ; J. Douglass, Snyder's Holes ; H. Anderson, and A. J. McPhee, Tip Top; W. W. Nichols, Up- per Verde; W. H. Williscraft, Walnut Creek; George Jackson, Walnut Grove ; C. P. Stanton, Weaver; H. M. Clack and E. R., Nichols, Williamsons Valley-Justices of the Peace.
YUMA COUNTY.
Organized in 1864. Bounded north by Mohave, east by Yava- pai, Maricopa, and Pima, south by the Mexican State of Sonora, and west by the Mexican Territory of Lower California, and Cali- fornia, from which it is separated by the Colorado River. Area, 8,360 square miles. Population, census of 1880-3,215. County seat, Yuma. Principal towns : Castle Dome Landing, Ehrenberg, Norton's Landing, Parker, (the name of the post-office on the Colorado Indian Reservation) Silent P. O., or Pacific City. Min- ing districts : Bill Williams Fork, Castle Dome, Eureka, Harcu- var, La Paz, Plomosa, Silver, and Weaver. Resources: commer- cial, mineral, and limited agricultural. Commencing these sketches of the counties of Arizona with Apache, far in the'north-east among the high mountains and plateaus of the Sierra Madre, the back- bone of the continent, where the lofty pines and the winter snows tell of the northern temperate zone and its products, we close with the extreme south-west, near the level of the sea, where a burning sun heats with a torrid fierceness the dessicated mesas and the rugged rocks, and the thorny shrubs of the southern desert give the character to the vegetation. Nowhere in the United States does nature wear a more repulsive and desolate aspect than in the region bordering the Colorado. Here is the great American desert in all its terrible grandeur. From fifty to one hundred miles on either side of the river stretch sandy plains or barren ridges of rugged rocks, with but an occasional oasis of fertile soil. The Colorado, flowing along the western border of the county 180 miles, is one of the great rivers of the continent, and of the. least value. Having a course of nearly 2,000 miles through yawn- ing chasms in its upper course, and over a changing, sandy bed in the desert region of the south, it is of but slight avail for the pur- poses of commerce, of manufacture, or for irrigation. Light-draft steamers with some difficulty ascend it 500 miles from its mouth, and carry on a limited trade. In the northern part of the county the valley widens sufficiently to create a few thousand acres of arable land, which has been reserved for the Mohave Indians, and is irrigated by water from the river. North and south of the junction of the Gila opens another valley, which, when irri-
The J. M. Brunswick & Balke Co.
BILLIARD TABLE § 653 & 655 Market St. MANUFACTURERS, San Francisco.
.
LORD & WILLIAMS CO., Tucson, A. T., IMPORTERS OF TEAS.
COUNTIES AND COUNTY OFFICERS. 93
gated, is extremely productive. The Gila crosses the county in its southern part, and in its valley is a narrow strip of fertile soil. Bordering the county on the north is Bill Williams Fork, some- times a torrent swelling the great river with its flood, but gener- ally sinking in the sand before reaching its mouth. Along it is no valley of importance in an agricultural estimation. There are no other permanent streams, but there are numerous channels, or " washes," where torrents from sudden storms, or " cloud-bursts," to which the region is subject during the summer months, rush down with destructive energy to the river. Deficient as is Yuma in agricultural resources, the mineral resource is grand and inex- haustible. Rising from the river to its eastern border is a succes- sion of mountain ranges and table-lands, containing gold, silver, . copper, and lead, in great veins and placers. These ranges are the Castle Dome, Plomosa or Lead Mountain, Eagle Tail, Gran- ite, and Harcuvar north of the Gila, and the Gila, Sierra de la Ca- beza Prieto, and Mohawk ranges south of that river. The argent- iferous galena and carbonate ores of the Castle Dome mountains have obtained a wide celebrity, the veins being gigantic in size and remarkable for the abundance and richness of the ore. In several localities, notably near Ehrenberg, in the north-western portion of the county, and south of the Gila, placers of gold have been found and mined with success. Adopting a system of "dry washing" by machinery, as recently put in practice, these placers will probably become sources of wealth. In the districts of La Paz and Bill Williams Fork are many copper-bearing lodes which have yielded large quantities of that metal, and promise a fine field for future enterprise. The Yuma, Cocopah, and Mohave Indians are in quite large numbers in the county. These were once hostile ; but by the force of arms and the sensual attrac- tions of civilization, have become subservient to the superior race. Physically they are fine specimens of the race, but void of noble or moral qualities, and are rapidly passing away. The county is now made accessible by the construction of the Southern Pacific Railroad, and the development of its great mineral resources in the near future is assured.
Officers .- Isaac Levy, Probate Judge; Andrew Tyner, Sheriff ; . H. N. Alexander, District Attorney ; George Martin, Treasurer; Samuel Purdy, jr., Recorder ; Leopold Furrer, George M. Thur- . low, and C. H. Brindley, Supervisors ; George M. Knight, Clerk Board of Supervisors ; Walter Millar, Surveyor ; J. H. Taggart, Coroner; Henry R. Mallory, Ehrenberg; A. D. Crawford, Si- leni; C. H. Brindley and W. H. Tonge, Yuma -Justices of the Peace.
GHIRARDELLI'S CHOCOLATE The Best.
O E. IRVINE & CO., Phoenix, A. T., HARDWARE & T 3
INWARE.
WM. B. HOOPER & CO.{
son & Phoenix, A. T., El Paso 'Tex., and Guaymas, Mexico,
Cigars of all Kinds.
ARIZONA.
L. BASHFORD & CO., PRESCOTT, A. T., Headquarters of Mining Men.
94
INDIAN RESERVATIONS.
-
COLORADO RIVER.
This reservation was established by act of Congress, approved March 3rd, 1865, and was then occupied by only 840 Indians, belonging to the Mohave, Cocopah, Hualapai, and Yuma tribes, and the Chim-e-hue-vis band of Pah-Utes.
The Reservation proper embraces about 75,000 acres of land, lying on either side of the Colorado River, beginning at a point opposite the old town of La Paz, and extending northward a dis- tance of 75 miles. The soil is alluvial, and very rich, but for want of irrigating facilities, is measurably non-productive.
Since the establishment of the Reserve all the Indians aban- doned it voluntarily, except the Mohave tribe, whose numbers seem to have been augmented either by natural increase or other causes ; for, notwithstanding the withdrawal of other tribes, subsequent annual reports of superintendents and Indian agents show the population of the Mohaves to have been in excess of the number given as having been occupants of the land on which the Reserve was established. On the 15th day of May, 1880, by order of the Hon. Secretary of the Interior, the Chim-e-hue-vis band of the Pah-Utes, numbering 210, was again placed on the Reservation, where they now reside. The following statistics are taken from a report made by an enumerator appointed to make an enumera- tion of these Indians for the general census of 1880:
Mohave Tribe .- Males over 20 years of age, 252 ; females over 20 years of age, 239 ; males from 15 to 20 years of age, 48; fe- males from 15 to 20 years of age, 44; males from 5 to 15 years of age, 71 ; females from 5 to 15 years of age, 58 ; males under 5 years of age, 38 ; females under 5 years of age, 41. Total 791.
Chim-e-hue-vis .- Males over 20 years of age, 71; females over 20 years of age, 65 ; males from 5 to 20 years of age, 25 ; females from 5 to 20 years of age, 23 ; males under 5 years of age, 12; females under 5 years of age, 14-total, 210. Whole number of Indians on the Reservation, 1,001.
Jonathan Biggs, Indian Agent; J. F. Woods, Agency Clerk and Postmaster; Charles Biggs, farmer ; Charles Thon, blacksmith ; B. F. Snyder, carpenter ; Libbie M. Thresher, teacher ; Loretta Lang, matron.
NAVAJO.
This reservation is located partly in the north-eastern portion of Apache County, and partly in New Mexico, embracing an area of about 5,000 square miles. The Navajoes reside principally in the southern portion of the reservation, which is about the only
The J. M. Brunswick & Balke Co.
BILLIARD TABLE $ 653 & 655 Market St. MANUFACTURERS, San Francisco.
LORD & WILLIAMS CO., Tucson, A. T., MINING SUPPLIES.
INDIAN RESERVATIONS. 95
part that can be used for agricultural purposes. The general sur- face is high table-lands, exceedingly broken up into ridges and small mesas by numerous rugged and deep cañons, which carry running streams during the rains, but dry up entirely in the hot summer weather, affording only small pools and springs at long distances apart. The Navajoes are said to be a branch of the Apache tribe, although differing from them so materially in their industrial tendencies, being agricultural and pastoral in their habits. They raise a considerable quantity of corn, melons, pump- kins, and some good peaches. Their principal occupation is, how- ever, stock-raising. In this they do not confine themselves to the boundaries of their reservation, but when feed is scarce on their lands they drive their herds southward as far as the White Mount- ains, in the higher valleys of which they find an inexhaustible supply of grass. Besides horses, mules, and cattle, they have some 500,000 sheep. They sell some wool, and manufacture excellent blankets. The number on the reservation is estimated at about 12,000.
PAPAGO.
This reservation is situated a few miles south of Tucson, in the Santa Cruz Valley, covering about 70,000 acres, a portion of which is tillable land. The Papagoes have always been known as village Indians, and are of the same tribe as the Pimas. The Spanish found them occupying the country called Papagueria, from whence they moved to their present location. They are peaceful in character, although sufficiently brave and able to protect themselves from the attacks of the Apaches, while the Mexican population around them was exterminated. They readily accepted the friendship of the early Jesuit missionaries, becoming converts to Catholicism, in which church they still remain. The old mines were princi- pally worked through their agency. When first discovered by the Spanish three centuries ago, they lived as now, in villages, cultivated the soil, raised cotton, and wove both cotton and woolen fabrics. About the only change apparent in them is, that they have cut their hair, and adopted the Mexican dress. They have suffered less from bad habits, which are the general result of con- tact between the Indian and the civilized white man, than any other tribe in the Territory. Their number is estimated at 6,000. They own large herds of horses, mules, cattle, and sheep, and raise wheat, barley, sorghum, melons, pumpkins, and beans. On this reservation is the famous old church of San Xavier del Bac, which is religiously guarded and taken care of by the Papagoes.
PIMA AND MARICOPA.
This reservation borders on the Gila River, extending from about 17 miles below Florence to the mouth of the Salt River ..
GHIRARDELLI'S CHOCOLATE The Best.
0 E. IRVINE & CO., Phoenix, A. T., A Full Line of DRY GOODS. 3 C
Prescott, A. T., MILL AND. MINING SUPPLIES A SPECIALTY.
CO.,
L. BASHFORD &
Wm. B. Hooper & Co. {
Tucson & Phoenix, A.T., Ei Paso, { Sole Agents J. A. MILLER Tex., and Guaymas, Mexico,
C. C. WHISKEY.
96
ARIZONA.
The Indians number about 5,000, including 4,500 Pimas and 500 Maricopas. Farming is carried on by them quite extensively so far as their mode of culture is concerned, they using the primi- tive wooden plow for the turning of the soil, and the two rocks for their milling and grinding. Water for irrigating purposes is brought in ditches from the Gila, and large crops, principally wheat, raised, the most of which is sold to traders in the vicinity. They also raise corn, barley, sorghum, melons, and vegetables of different kinds. Everything about the agency is conducted with strict conformity to law and order-police appointed from the Pimas preserving order. Punishment is inflicted on evil-doers by a sentence of hard labor with ball and chain attached. The dwell- ings resemble very much the pictures of the huts in the cold polar regions. They are low oval structures, covered with mud, with an opening at the bottom sufficiently large for a person to crawl in. These Indians have always been at peace with the whites, and the early settlers in Salt River Valley often received from them assistance in defending themselves from the attacks of the ruthless Apaches. Schools have been established for the educa- tion of the young, and religious instruction is also given by clergy- men belonging to the Presbyterian Church. Mr. R. G. Wheeler is U. S. Indian Agent in charge, and Mr. E. B. Townsend is Special Agent.
SAN CARLOS.
This reservation lies principally in Graham and Gila Counties, including within its limits an area of over 4,000 square miles. On account of recent discoveries of coal in the southern portion of the reservation, a change of its boundaries has been recommended so as to exclude the coal lands and include lands on the north in compensation. It is also recommended to mark the boundary by 2 posts at short distances apart, so that it may be perfectly distinct, and that there may exist no excuse for trespassing on the lands set apart for the Indians. There are about 5,000 Indians on the reservation, including the following tribes, all of whom are re- garded as Apaches, distinguished by the terms Yuma, Mohave, Tonto, Warm Springs, San Carlos, and a few others. Several of these tribes in past days have been hostile to each other, but at present their relations are peaceable.
These are the remains of some of the most crafty, savage, and powerful tribes in Arizona. It is but a few years since they held almost undisputed sway south of the Gila, and had ravaged most of the towns in northern Sonora. Their bloody trails ran in every direction, and hardly a grazing rancho was left in northern Mex- ico. No doubt the difficulty which the Mexicans found in de- fending themselves against their attacks was the principal reason for consenting to the Gadsden Purchase.
At last, however, after years of bloodshed, these savages have
The J. M. Brunswick & Balke Co.
BILLIARD TABLE § 653 & 655 Market St. MANUFACTURERS, 2 San Francisco.
LORD & WILLIAMS CO., Tucson, A. T.,
Wholesale HARDWARE, OILS AND PAINTS.
ANCIENT RUINS.
97
been subjugated and placed on this reservation, where they are quietly living, subjected to certain restrictions, and protected and supported by the Government. They are at present very peace- ably disposed, and many of the chiefs and prominent men mani- fest a strong desire to profit by the civilizing influences that are placed within their reach, and express a wish to have the Gov- ernment parcel off the land and give them a title to it. The number of farmers among them is increasing in proportion to the number of acres of land that are being irrigated, the area cul- tivated this year being greatly in excess of last year. A school has been established for the instruction of the young Indians, many of whom take a lively interest in school matters, and are advancing in a satisfactory manner. In addition to other supplies there is distributed among them, annually, 3,500,000 pounds of beef, 1,000,000 pounds of flour, 80,000 pounds of sugar, and 5,000 pounds of tobacco. . Col. J. C. Tiffany is the U. S. Indian Agent in charge of the reservation.
ANCIENT RUINS.
The triangular piece of territory lying between Salt River and Gila River, from their junction eastward to the Superstition Mountains, may be called historic ground, as the extensive plain which it embraces shows at every step some ruins of ancient hab- itation. These consist of broken pottery, which is found in great quantities; and mounds of earth, which on being opened disclose the foundation walls of old buildings, and irrigating canals which have supplied the land with water for cultivation of the soil. The main canals were from twenty to thirty feet in width, and often many miles in length, and cut to a true grade, which indicates considerable' engineering skill. Some of these canals are now used for roads, and others have been opened again for irrigating purposes. No one can pass over this section without being con- vinced that it was some time-in a period long passed-thickly inhabited by an agricultural people. These ruins are also found on the south side of the Gila, and west of the Salt River for many miles. One of the best-preserved and most accessible of these ruins is Casa Grande, about three miles south of the Gila, and about fourteen miles from Casa Grande station, on the road to Florence. A well-known correspondent thus describes them :
" Before reaching the ruins we drove over acres of pottery, and what seemed to us to be pieces of mechanical and culinary im- plements ; and many a mile was made through old aqueducts and canals, so deep and wide as to excite our surprise from the amount
GHIRARDELLI'S CHOCOLATE The Best.
E. IRVINE & CO., Phoenix, A. T., Mill and Mining Supplies.
Wm. B. Hooper & Go. {
S Tucson & Phoenix, A. T., El Paso, { Tex., and Guaymas, Mexico,
Sole S Agents
Blatz Milwaukee Beer.
98
ARIZONA.
DEALERS IN GRAIN.
. T.,
Prescott,
CO.,
L. BASHFORD &
of labor required for their excavation. Arriving at the ruins we at once went up and into the Casa Grande. This ruin is on the most elevated portion of a vast plain covered with mesquite and artemisia. Portions of the walls are still standing, some of them reaching an altitude of forty or fifty feet; but the outer ones are getting jagged and disjointed, and are giving way to the elements, while some of the inner walls are in a state of good preservation. The outer walls are, or were, about five feet six inches thick, and the inner ones about four feet. The composition is a sort of con- crete made from the native soil, with a mixture of some kind of natural or manufactured cement. The ruin measures fifty feet north and south, by forty east and west, and must have been at one time from sixty to eighty feet in height. There were a good many apartments on each floor between the outer and the inner walls, with an interior apartment four or five stories in height. There were many other buildings, all of which have crumbled into ruins. There were also, evidently, several large watch-towers. This was all inclosed by a wall four hundred and fifty feet in length from north to south, by two hundred and twenty-five feet in width from east to west, and probably ten or twelve feet in height. The main canal must have been eighteen or twenty miles in length ; and to-day, along its banks, for six or seven miles, may be seen pieces of plate, pottery, and other articles of earthenware. I have no doubt but what a large city once occupied this plain, containing thousands of inhabitants, all acting under one govern- ment. There are also other smaller ruins in this neighborhood, one of which is only a half-mile from White's old station. There are also ruins of more extensive casas and inclosures near Phœnix and Florence, but Casa Grande is the most accessible, and conse- quently the most famous.
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