USA > Arizona > Arizona business directory and gazetteer : containing the names and post-office addresses of all merchants, manufacturers and professional men in the territory of Arizona; territorial, county, city and town officers, 1881 > Part 2
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The San Francisco Mountains, in the central portion of Yava- pai County, are covered with forests of pine, of excellent quality. This is considered to be the most extensive forest region in Arizona, and will supply an immense amount of good lumber for years to come. In the neighborhood of Prescott, the mountains are covered with a growth of pine and other timber, and several sawmills in operation here are turning out a large quantity of good lumber. The White Mountains, in Gila and Apache Coun- ties, are also covered with forests of different kinds of timber. Dr. Rothrock thus speaks of this region: "From the summit of the Sierra Blanca, looking eastward, mountains of less altitude, with valleys between them, rise, one beyond the other, for at least sixty miles, most of the area being valuable timber, grazing, and farming lands. There is enough pine timber on the Sierra Blanca alone to last the whole Territory for several years. The pinus ponderosa here reaches a height of seventy feet; some firs are higher; the oak resembling white oak is branchy, closely grained, and solid." These may be said to be the great timber regions of Arizona, but there are other ranges throughout the Territory which are covered with a good growth of pine and oak.
The J. M. Brunswick & Balke Co.
BILLIARD TABLE § 653 & 655 Market St. MANUFACTURERS, San Francisco.
LORD & WILLIAMS CO., Tucson, A. T., IMPORTERS OF TEAS.
TOPOGRAPHY, CLIMATE, AND RESOURCES.
13
In the Pinal Mountains is a large area covered with pine. Two sawmills located in these mountains are turning out sufficient lumber to supply the surrounding country. In Southern Arizona are several ranges, particularly the Huachuca and Chiricahua Mountains, where is found timber of different kinds in great abundance. The Santa Rita and Patagonia Mountains also afford a fair supply. The foothills of all the ranges referred to are cov- ered, more or less, with a growth of oak, ash, iron-wood, mesquite, juniper, etc., which makes excellent fuel.
John Wasson, Esq., Surveyor-General of Arizona, in his report to the Secretary of the Interior, says:
" The mountain land is generally covered with grass, on which stock fatten the year round. It embraces nearly all the timber of commercial value, and substantially all mines of the precious and common metals. It contains many springs and small streams, with small tracts of rich land. Rocky and precipitous surfaces of comparatively limited extent exist, but, taken as a whole, the mountain land of Arizona is of incalculable value for minerals, timber, water and grass. There are no long and very well-defined mountain ranges, although the various broken parts might be treated as ranges, and for local purposes they have distinctive names. The fact is, the surface of Arizona is a succession of buttes and mountains, with extended table-land, and narrow, rich valley land between. A stranger to the merits of our mountain land, on first sight, naturally enough regards it as next to worth- less. The timber in many places is hidden in deep cañons, and beyond sight about the summits, and, without toilsome examina- tion, is as superficially unrecognizable as are the mineral treas- ures hidden below the surface; and it is a fact that, in most of the mountain land stretching from Mexico to British Columbia in this longitude, the most productive silver mines are found in mountains with the least vegetation, and of the most uninviting appearance. Estimated in dollars, our mountain land is of great- est worth, and for centuries, perhaps forever, they will be peopled by many thriving cities, towns, and smaller settlements, reaping above the average reward for their industry."
The grandeur of the scenery in many of the mountain ranges of Arizona is unsurpassed. On the occasion of a visit by a party of pleasure seekers, including Congressman Springer, of Illinois, to Cave Creek, a romantic spot in the Chiricahua Mountains, the Galeyville Bulletin says:
"In this region is a climate affording a perfect sanitarium of perpetual summer, and a wealth of natural scenery excelling in gorgeous beauty the most attractive resorts in Europe or America.
"To the southeast, south and west, there towers nigh unto the clouds a thousand columns, peaks and domes, interspersed with massive structures resembling castles, from which steep declivi-
GHIRARDELLI'S CHOCOLATE The Best.
E. IRVINE & CO., Phoenix, A. T., HARDWARE & T.
NT
VARE.
L. BASHFORD & CO., PRESCOTT, A. T., Headquarters of Mining Men.
WM. B. HOOPER & CO.{
Tucson & Phoenix, A.T., El Paso, 'T'ex., and Guaymas, Mexico,
Cigars of all Kinds.
14
ARIZONA.
ties, studded with pine, in terraced sections merge from either side into a level valley of irregular width, through which the spark- ling waters of Cave Creek flow until lost in the sands of the broad acres of San Simon Valley.
" The valley, on entering the mountain gorge, resembles one vast orchard, with now and then a towering pine to dispel the illusion, while along the base, at convenient intervals on either side, are numerous caves that have evidently, from their smoked condition, been the home of the Indian, and from which it took so many years of tedious warfare to dislodge them.
" The scene, the magnificence of all its surroundings, so charmed Mr. Springer that he concluded to use his influence to have the entire Cave Creek region set apart as a public park, save and ex- cept the valley, where he believes, sooner or later, will rise a city of no mean proportions. To use the language of our distinguished visitor, 'I have made the tour of Europe, visited all the enchant- ing spots of Switzerland, crossed the Alps, and climbed the Pyre- nees, that I might view the places so appreciated by man, and returned home to find a spot more lovely, and attractive, and sub- lime than I had witnessed in all my travels.'" This description of the scenery in the Chiricahua Mountains will apply to the Hua- chuca, Patagonia, Santa Rita, and other ranges in different por- tions of the Territory.
RIVERS.
The Colorado River is the principal stream in the Territory. It enters Arizona on the north from Utah, runs southwesterly through Yavapai County, thence northwesterly through Mohave County to Nevada, forming a portion of its southern boundary, then turning due south, it forms the western boundary of Arizona, separating it from Nevada and California, and finally empties its waters into the Gulf of California, a hundred miles south of our line. This river is remarkable for the immense channel which it has cut through the rocks for more than six hundred miles of its length. Often the banks rise almost perpendicular, like a wall, two or three thousand feet. These deep gorges are called cañ- ons, the most noted of which are, Grand, Marble, Iceberg, Gray, and Limestone Canons. It is navigable for light draught boats, as far as El Dorado Cañon, five hundred and sixty-one miles from the Gulf. The navigation is generally by stern-wheel steamers, which tow barges loaded with freight., The Little Colorado River gathers its waters principally in the eastern part of the Territory. It has many branches in Apache and Yavapai Counties, through which it runs in a northwest direction, and unites with the Color- ado. This stream and its branches are also remarkable for their long and deep cañons. The Gila River, though second in size, and unnavigable, is the most important river in Arizona. It rises in New Mexico, runs in almost a direct west course across the Terri-
The J. M. Brunswick & Balke Co.
BILLIARD TABLE $ 653 & 655 Market St. MANUFACTURERS, { San Francisco.
LORD & WILLIAMS CO., Tucson, A. T., MINING SUPPLIES.
TOPOGRAPHY, CLIMATE, AND RESOURCES.
15
tory, and joins the Colorado one hundred and seventy-eight miles from its mouth. It receives affluents from every county except Mohave.
One hundred miles above its mouth, the Gila averages five hun- dred feet in width by three feet in depth, and has considerable velocity. This gives water enough to irrigate all the lands on on either side, suitable for agriculture. The banks are low and sloping, so that water may easily be taken from it in ditches. The principal affluents of the Gila are Salt River, and the San Pedro. The Rio Verde is an important branch of Salt River, running nearly north and south, in Yavapai and Maricopa Coun- ties. It affords water power to a district rich in minerals, and there is considerable grazing and farming lands in its valley. The Santa Cruz is a small but important stream, which has its source near the Mexican line, runs north, and sinks into the earth near Tucson. Many millions of dollars in silver have been taken from the moutains along this stream.
VALLEYS.
The valley of the Gila is about 400 miles in length, lying east and west, on parallel 33, and extending entirely across the Ter- ritory. At Yuma, the foot of the valley, its altitude is 138 feet. Where it crosses the western boundary of the Territory, into New Mexico, it is 3,600 feet. With the various tributary valleys, it comprises the largest portion of agricultural land in Arizona. Its position, altitude and gentle slope, gives it great importance as a railroad highway. The Southern Pacific Railroad passes through a portion of it, and in the future other roads will undoubtedly seek this route. The Salt River Valley is a tributary, lying north, from one to twenty miles wide, and sixty miles long. In this val- ley, surrounded by a good agricultural country, Phoenix is situ- ated. The San Pedro, in the southeastern part of the Territory is a long narrow valley, affording considerable farming land, and on its borders is a large amount of excellent grazing land. This, and the valley of the Santa Cruz must, in the future, become rail- road highways, connecting us with our sister Republic. The Santa Cruz Valley, commencing in Mexico, and running north for more than a hundred miles, was the centre of Mexican population during their possession of the Territory. The valley is narrow, and affords but a small quantity of land, which can be used for raising grain. Skirting it are thousands of acres, suitable for cattle range. The Colorado Valley runs north and south. along nearly the en- tire western boundary. The banks of the river are so bluff and high in many places, as to render irrigation impracticable, without which the most of the soil must remain unproductive, but in the vicinity of Yuma are some exceedingly rich lands, which can be profitably cultivated.
GHIRARDELLI'S CHOCOLATE The Best.
O E. IRVINE & CO., Phoenix, A. T., A Full Line of DRY GOODS. H 2
Prescott, A. T., MILL AND MINING SUPPLIES A SPECIALTY.
CO.
L. BASHFORD &
Wm. B. Hooper & Co.{
S Tucson & Phoenix, A.T., El Paso, { Sole Agents J. A. MILLER Tex., and Guaymas, Mexico, S C. C. WHISKEY.
16
ARIZONA.
There are several hundred small valleys scattered through the Territory, lying between mountain ranges, skirting table lands, or carrying some small tributary to the rivers. Most of these val- leys are good agricultural lands, and some will raise crops without irrigation. Many of the latter class will be found in the White, Juniper, and San Francisco mountains. In the northwestern portion of the Territory, and but little known, are Prospect, Hualapai, Sacramento, Cedar, and Big Sandy valleys, and Juni- per Basin. In the central part are Aubrey, Williams, Round Ferguson, Big Chino, Agua Fria, Peeples, Kirkland, and Skull valleys.
The valley of the Little Colorado, with its small tributaries, is estimated to embrace about 300,000 acres that may be adapted to agriculture by irrigation. It is settled principally by Mormons. The Rio Verde Valley extends from the Salt River Valley about 150 miles northwesterly. It is generally narrow, from a few rods to a mile in width, and often presenting nothing but a rocky gorge or cañon just wide enough to carry the river. The bottom land is rich, and as there is sufficient water to irrigate it, large crops are raised. The San Simon, Sulphur Spring, Sonoita, Baba- camori, Cienega, Arivaca, and Aravaipa, lying in the southern portion of the Territory, are all valleys of considerable size, carry- ing more or less water in brooks and springs, and afford in the aggregate a large amount of land which can be irrigated and farmed, and embracing many thousands of acres of excellent cat- tle range.
CLIMATE.
The climate of Arizona varies so much in different parts of the Territory that no general description would do justice to many localities. In the valleys and low lands the temperature varies from temperate to hot. On the mesas and mountains from tem- perate to cold. At some points of high altitude snow falls, and there are a few days during which the cold is uncomfortable. Travelers who are familiar with the climate of other portions of the Union and with that of Southern Europe, which is so gener- ally admired, speak in the most glowing terms of the climate of Arizona during the winter months. At this time of the year the weather is dry and warm, and the air so balmy as to be perfectly luxurious. Arizona would prove a sanitarium to those whose delicate constitutions force them to fly from the rigorous winters of the north to more genial climates.
During May, June, and July the weather in the valleys is hot and oppressive, the direct rays of the sun being too intense to ad- mit of much work in the open fields. The atmosphere, however, is exceedingly dry, and the heat which in moist climates would be destructive to health is here borne without any evil effects. Min- ing sections are generally of higher altitude, and of course the
The J. M. Brunswick & Balke Co.
BILLIARD TABLE § 653 & 655 Market St. MANUFACTURERS, ¿ San Francisco.
LORD & WILLIAMS CO., Tucson, A. T.,
Wholesale HARDWARE, OILS AND PAINTS.
TOPOGRAPHY, CLIMATE, AND RESOURCES.
17
heat is not so great. A large portion of the labor is underground, where there is less difference between winter and summer tem- perature, and nearly all may be carried on under cover; so that the heat need never interfere with this industry.
The climate is too dry, as shown by the limited number and size of the water courses to admit, under the most intelligent ap- plication of labor and enterprise, of its ever becoming a great agri- cultural State. Were all of the streams on a level with the gen- eral surface, they would not furnish enough water for the soil- the rainfall not being sufficient to supply them, and flowing as they do in many cases in channels so far below the surface, they add no moisture to the soil, but serve only to overdrain it.
The following results of observations taken in different years at prominent points in the Territory, will give a general idea of the temperature and moisture. At Fort Mohave, on the Colorado River, a decidedly hot.place, the average temperature during the months of July and August, 1873, was 91°, and during May and June, 1874, it was 87.5°. The two coldest months for the same years were December and January, during which the average was 54°. For the year commencing July, 1873, the mean average temperature was 74.42°. The average rainfall at this place is about five inches ; altitude, 600 feet.
Yuma, on the Colorado at the mouth of the Gila, is 155 feet above sea level. In 1880 the maximum temperature occurred in August, 111°; and the minimum in February, 25°. The mean temperature for the year was 70.2°. There was no rain except in December, when 0.74 fell. The average rainfall at Yuma for several years was a little over three inches.
Phoenix, in the Salt River Valley, has an altitude of 1,800 feet. The maximum temperature here in 1880 was in June, 111°; the minimum was in November, 24°; the mean average for the year was 69°. The rainfall was in January 1.16, February 0.38, March 0.26, April 0.15, May 0.00, June 0.49, July 1.18, August 0.72, September 0.67, October 0.20, November 0.00, December 1.61. Total for the year 6.82.
Tucson has an altitude of 2,545 feet. The maximum tempera- ture in 1880 was in June, 110°; the minimum, in January, 14°. The mean temperature of the summer was 79.6°, and of the win. ter months 55.5°. The total rainfall, five inches.
Camp Grant is situated on the southwestern slope of the Gra- ham Mountains, in the eastern part of the Territory, south of the Gila Valley. It is 4,833 feet above the sea. During several days each year snow and hail falls. The mean temperature for the warmest month in 1875, June, was 80°; and for the coldest month, January, 49°. The mean average for the year was 64°. The rainfall, 20.18 inches.
At Camp Apache, which is located on the southwestern slope of the White Mountains, in latitude 33° 40", the climate is ex-
GHIRARDELLI'S CHOCOLATE The Best.
E. IRVINE & CO., Phoenix, A. T., Mill and Mining Supplies. H ية 2
DEALERS IN GRAIN.
Prescott, A. T.
co.,
L. BASHFORD &
Wm. B. Hooper & Co. {
Tucson & Phoenix, A.T., El Paso, } Tex., and Guaymas, Mexico.
Sole S Agents
Blatz Milwaukee Beer.
18
ARIZONA.
treme; the range being from 20° below freezing point on the coldest nights of winter, to 104° on the hottest days of summer. The nights are always cool, even during the warmest weather. The altitude is 5,000 feet. The mean temperature in January, the . coldest month, is about 27°; and in July, the warmest, about 79°. The average for the year, about 56.5°.
Prescott, the Capital of the Territory, is situated at an altitude of 5,700 feet. The cold during the winter is sometimes severe, but for most of the year the temperature is genial, and the climate remarkably pleasant and healthy. According to the report of the Signal Service officer, the range of the thermometer in July, 1878, was 48° to 103°; in December of the same year, 4° to 67° ; in January, 1879, 4° to 68°; and in June, 1879, 39° to 97°. The rainfall for the year ending June 30th, 1879, was 11.31 inches.
In the extreme southern portion of the Territory, in the Sul- phur Spring Valley, San Pedro and Santa Cruz Valleys, and the territory lying between them. the climate is represented as being particularly pleasant and healthy. In summer, during the hottest weather, the thermometer rarely rises above 95°; and in the winter, at an altitude of 4,000 feet, freezing point is reached only for a few hours at a time. All of the semi-tropical fruits and plants will be cultivated in this region. The average rainfall is about ten inches, which, though insufficient for raising crops of grain without irrigation, clothes the valleys and hillsides to their tops with a heavy growth of grass, for a large part of the year, besides affording to the streams sufficient water, carefully pre- served and applied, to render fruitful many thousands of acres. J. Ross Browne thus speaks of the climate in this section: "It was a luxury to breathe the air ; nothing more pure or invigorating could exist upon earth. The unclouded sky and glowing tints of the mountains, the unbounded opulence of sunshine which seemed to sparkle in atmospheric scintillations, inspired us with a perfect overflow of health and spirits, and it was no wonder we built many castles in the air, and reveled in dreamy regions of enchant- ment, in which the glittering silver mines of Arizona played a prominent part."
AGRICULTURAL AND PASTORAL RESOURCES.
Under this head the Surveyor-General of Arizona in his report for the year 1879, says :
"Everything produced in the temperate zone, and many things native to the tropics, are successfully grown in Arizona. Wheat, barley, and corn are the leading grains. Irish and sweet potatoes flourish ; garden vegetables in general ; all the fruits of tree and vine; and limited but successful experiments have been made in growing cotton and sugar-cane.
" All the domestic animals and fowls are grown and are healthy.
The J. M. Brunswick & Balke Co.
BILLIARD TABLE § 653 & 655 Market St. MANUFACTURERS, San Francisco.
LORD & WILLIAMS CO., Tucson, A. T., Wholesale Groceries.
TOPOGRAPHY, CLIMATE, AND RESOURCES.
19
The several businesses of growing cattle, horses, mules, and sheep are assuming large proportions, and many blooded animals have been brought from abroad at large cost. Hogs do well. Choice ham and bacon are cured and preferred to the imported articles. The magnitude and permanency of mining in Arizona must always insure large home demands for local products, and therefore good prices will prevail; and in no other section of our common coun- try will the industries be more varied or better rewarded."
Mr. Thomas Gardiner, publisher and proprietor of the Arizona Quarterly Illustrated, says :
"The vast extent and richness of the agricultural lands within the bounds of this Territory have hitherto been in a great meas- ure overlooked; but now that by means of railroad and other fa- cilities they are being better known, they will soon be more ade- quately appreciated, and there cannot be a doubt that ere long they will be rapidly taken up for cultivation and duly utilized. On both sides of the Gila and Salt rivers, and also of the Santa Cruz and San Pedro, there are great tracts of unoccupied land that could be irrigated and would yield amazingly, and two crops a year. The land, too, is so deep, rich, and strong as to require little labor and less manure, water alone securing almost all that is necessary to make it pour forth its produce in great abundance. Our tillage soils seem suitable for almost every kind of grain. Hitherto the chief crops have been wheat, barley, and corn, which do remarkably well."
To illustrate what is being done in farming, we cannot do bet- ter than to give a description of Salt River Valley, selected from the same journal of date April, 1881 :
This magnificent tract of as productive agricultural land as can be found in the world, is located in Maricopa County, in the central portion of the Territory, and contains somewhere about 250,000 acres of the richest kind of alluvial soil, and of great depth, which yields most abundantly and regularly, almost any kind of crops, more particularly of wheat, barley, corn and alfalfa ; while sugar-cane, cotton and rice can also be very easily and prof- itably raised. Every kind of fruit grows readily, of fine flavor and luscious in quality. The abundant supply of water, easily carried through a great portion of the valley, by a system of ditches, from Salt River, always insures large returns to the farmer on either side of the river. On the north side, the Grand Canal is nineteen miles in length, the Maricopa sixteen, the Salt River thirteen, the Griffin six, the Farmer's eight and the Monterey four ; total, sixty-six miles. On the south side, the Mesa Canal is fifteen miles, the Utah eight, the Tempe fifteen, the San Francisco ten, the Prescott six; total fifty-four-making in all one hundred miles of main arteries which are tapped on their course by innu- merable smaller ones. Doubtless this system has proved most advantageous to the farmer, as without the water, the lands
GHIRARDELLI'S CHOCOLATE The Best.
E. IRVINE & CO., Phoenix, A. T., MEDICINES, PAINTS, OILS AND GLASS. 6 Q O 3
L. BASHFORD & CO., Prescott, A. T., LUMBER OF ALL KINDS.
WM. B. HOOPER & CO. {
§ Tucson & Phoenix, A.T., El Paso, Tex., and Guaymas, Mexico,
¿ Illuminating Oils.
20 ARIZONA.
would be virtually worthless. But with all due deference to the owners of the various canals, a consolidation of interests, whereby the whole would be under one great company, or organ- ization, would likely prove more advantageous than the present methods to the country at large. The present system could be greatly improved upon, much expenditure saved, more land irri- gated and utilized at less expense to the owners, and in the long run, better returns realized by the company of stockholders. Thousands of acres now lying waste and unused, could be made to yield as largely as those now under cultivation. The soil is so rich and of such great depth and strength as not to require fertil- izing. The Indians have tilled and cropped some portions of these same lands year after year, for some three hundred years, and still they yield as good crops as could well be expected even from soil in a virgin state.
" Cost of the various canals of this valley, and the approximate number of acres irrigated by each this year :
Grand Canal, 3,500 acres $38,000
Maricopa Canal, 2,500 acres
25,000
Salt River Valley Canal, 2,500 acres 30,000
Griffin Canal, 400 acres.
15,000
Farmers' Canal, 800 acres. 35,000.
Monterey Canal, 400 acres
10,000
"The above are on the north side of the Salt River, and the following on the south side :
Mesa Canal, 800 acres $10,000
Utah Ditch, 500 acres 5,000
Tempe Canal, 2,800 acres 25,000
San Francisco Ditch, 500 acres 10,000
Prescott Ditch, 300 acres 8,000
Maddux Ditch, 100 acres
5,000
Totals-15,100 acres $216,000
" A fair average of the wheat crop is 1,100 to 1,300 pounds per acre, and of barley, 1,400 to 1,600 pounds per acre.
W. Isaac & Sons, who have 1,150 acres in grain, all in a body, have had some remarkable yields. They first put in 200 acres four years ago, and have kept on increasing each year. Their average yield has been 2,000 pounds of barley per acre for four years; but on fourteen acres the average was 2,800 pounds per acre the first year, and on twelve acres, 2,830 pounds of wheat per acre were produced. They experimented by planting four acres with eight pounds of wheat, ridged 2x2 feet, which yielded 2,300 pounds to the acre."
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