USA > California > Humboldt County > History and Business Directory of Humboldt County [Calif.]: Descriptive of the Natural Resources. > Part 6
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Gibbard & Lever, Funeral Directors and Embalmers .. Undetaking Parfors 3d & H Sts., Pioneer Bdg., Eureka
Headquarters for Window Glass at Pluke's, 2d and D Streets
52 RYAN'S CASH STORE THOS. CUTLER CITY SODA WORKS
HERE SINCE '70
GROCERIES
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS
HAY, GRAIN AND FEED
COMMISSION MERCHANTS
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
THOMAS CUTLER
Cor. First and D Streets
Eureka, California
RYAN'S CASH STORE
DIRECT IMPORTERS OF
Dry Goods, Fancy Goods CLOAKS AND MILLINERY
City Soda Works MORRISON & O'DEA, PROP'S
Manufacturers of All Knds of
SODA, CIDER, SYRUPS
Sarsaparilla and Iron, Etc.
BOLE AGENTS FOR THE
8OLE AGENTS FOR
CELEBRATED P. CENTEMERI KID GLOVES JACKSON'S NAPA SODA - AND ... SMITH & ANGELL'S FAST BLACK HOSE
BOTTLERS AND DEALERS IN LAGER BEER
Cor. Fourth and F Streets EUREKA CALIFORNIA
N. E. Cor. First and F Sts.
EUREKA CALIFORNIA
Real Estate, Carl Hamilton & Co.
General Auctioneers and Real Estate Agents H Street, between 4th and 5th Eureka, Cal
Photograph and Autograph Albums at J. E. Mathews
HISTORY OF HUMBOLDT COUNTY
3
making shutes. This is very expensive. As the roads and shutes are advancing a small army aided by several donkey engines engage in hauling these monster logs to the shutes where they are slid down to a point accessible for a team of from twelve to sixteen oxen, and are then hauled to the railroad landing place for trans- portation to the Bay. The work in the logging camps is really the most impor- tant, for here an immense amount of money may be lavishly expended, or a great saving made. So the most experienced men are engaged for this work. It is a most picturesque scene to witness the operations in a logging camp. The giant redwoods, forming the outer boundary, towering for 200 feet in the air as if look- ing solemn and sad at the destruction of their comrades, which are lying prone, cut into logs, charred and divested of their foliage. The donkey engine puffs and blows as it hauls the stubborn logs towards the shute. A boy leading a horse with canvass bags filled with water on his back threads his way up along the hill- sides. He carries the water to tubs placed at intervals of fifty feet along the shutes. The log which the donkey engine was hauling arrives at the shute; it begins to slide, and men with tin pails in their hands run along dashing water in front of the logs. A loud crash is heard-it has struck a log gone before it. A sullen and powerful train of oxen are slowly hauling several timbers over the greased skids; they arrive at the landing place and the logs are rolled by jack- screws and a donkey engine, with block and tackle, onto the short logging trucks. A train of twelve or fourteen cars is rapidly loaded, the engine whistles and goes thundering on its way to the log dump. This scene goes on without intermission from 6 a. m. until 6 p. m., except for a half hour at noon time.
The men engaged in logging have their cabins and cookhouse, barns, black- smith and carpenter shops in the near neighborhood of where they are at work, and these camps have all the appearance of thriving villages. The eating-houses are under the charge of a good cook-a woman usually-and the food is always of the best, though plain; plenty of meat, vegetables, bread, coffee, tea or milk with cakes and pastry, well cooked and wholesome. Leaving the logging camps we will go with the train, hauled by a Baldwin locomotive over a most substantially · built and well ballasted roadbed ; the rails are usually steel, ranging from thirty- six to fifty-two pounds to the yard measurement. Along the edges of the streams strong embankments are built, over the creeks and rivers are truss bridges and trestle-work. Hillsides are cut into, and for four or five miles a ride is enjoyed through the wild scenery of a heavily timbered canyon, across or aside of some clear running stream, then the train rapidly approaches the Bay and is a few min- utes later standing at the log dump. This is constructed out of timbers of a thick. ness of one or two feet, and probably 16 feet long, placed standing at a distance of two feet apart for probably one hundred feet. The blocks and chains which sup- port the logs on the cars are removed, a jack screw is applied and in a few minutes the entire train load of logs is lying in the slough ready to be made into rafts by the loggers and raftsmen for towage to the mill. Here is also a number of cabins and cookhouse for the men employed in this department. A stern-wheel steamer tows the raft down the Bay several miles to the log boom adjoining the mill. At
Gibbard & Lever
CARRY A COMPLETE LINE OF
Undertaker's Supplies Third and H Sts Pioneer Bdg, Eureka
Most Complete Assortment Paints at Pluke's, cor. 2d & D Sts
54 W. A. McNAMARA MRS. C. E. BLAKE SNOW & CO.
MILLINERY
STOCK COMPLETE AND ELEGANT
STYLE, THE VERY LATEST
TRIMMINGS STRICTLY FIRST CLASS
PRICES, MODERATE AND EQUITABLE
MRS. C. E. BLAKE
COR. FIFTH AND F STREETS EUREKA, CALIFORNIA
W. A. McNamara & Co.
DEALERS IN
CLOTHING
-- AND -.
GENTS' FURNISHING GOODS
FANCY GOODS and NOTIONS
Laces and Embroideries
Cor. Second and E Streets
EUREKA CALIFORNIA
SNOW & CO.
·DEALERS IN-+
Dry Goods, Clothing
ONE PRICE AND PLAIN FIGURES
Cor. Second and E Streets
EUREKA CALIFORNIA
J. N. LENTELL
CIVIL ENGINEER, AND BRICK MANUFACTURER H Street., bet. 4th and 5th
Pianos and Organs LATEST ASSORTMENT SHEET MUSIC
J. E. Mathews
HISTORY OF HUMBOLDT COUNTY
55
this point the raft is broken up and the logs are floated into the boom and are hauled up a slanting railway on a car, one by one, into the mill where they await their turn to be sawed up into the lumber of commerce.
THE SAW MILLS.
The sound of the saw mill is music in the ears of the citizens of Humboldt county, for it is to be found in almost every locality, and Humboldt Harbor is practically bordered with them. In most cases, or rather mills, the circular saw is used ; some though are equipped with band saws. To go into one of these mills is, to say the least, bewildering. From the booms or "log punds" the logs are hauled into the mill up an incline by a great chain attached to a low iron car which is first lowered into the water and the log is floated upon it and made fast ; a lever is moved and the steam windless slowly draws it up into the mill. Here it is rolled off onto a platform and again onto the steam feed which carries the log against the saw, which quickly removes the first slat, disclosing the deep, rich color of the redwood, without blemish, the entire length. The slat is run over rollers and carried out on an endless chain cable to the waste pile, some little dis- tance from the mill, where it is burned, or, if it is of value enough, it is cut up into lengths for shingles. The "steam feeder " is run back to the starting point, a lever is touched and the log is moved an inch, or as far as desired, and it again runs down on the revolving saws which quickly remove a plank maybe fifty or sixty inches wide. It is then carried on rollers to the gang edger, where three or four boards are cut; then the trimmer saws cut the rough ends off. Some of the boards are then sent to the planer, or are made into rustic by a machine for that purpose ; others are made into tongue and groove and afterwards are sent down the chute into the yard beneath and are piled up ready for shipment by schooner to the different points on the coast, to Honolulu, Mexico, or Australia. All this work has been going on, though in a less degree, of course, for the past thirty-five years, and yet the ravages attributed to the woodsman are hardly noticeable. From appearances the work seems only to have been commenced.
IN GENERAL.
Many of the companies and firms engaged in the manufacture of lumber em- ploy during the busy season from 300 to 400 men; pay wages of from $35 for the boys engaged in tying up the shingles to $150 per month for the head men. The following are the wages paid in the different departments:
Mill hands-Common hands in the yard, per month, $30 to $60; helpers inside the mill, $30 to $50; edgers and trimmers, $50 to $85; sawyers and filers, $85 to $100; engineers and machinists, $100 to $125; tallymen, $75 or $3 per day for transient work.
In the woods-Swampers, $60 to $100; choppers, $65 to $75; sawyers and chain tenders, $65 to $100; teamsters, $125 to $150, besides board and lodging. Nearly every company or firm has three or four cookhouses; one at the mill, at the log dump and one at each camp in the woods. The cabins for the men are com-
Gibbard & Lever Do All Styles of Upholstering AND Repairing PIOKKER B'DO Cor. Sd & H St.
Artistic Sign Painters at Pluke's
56 ARTHUR H. CHOPE BAY STABLES RUSCOE & LUNDBLADE
BAY STABLES
COR. THIRD AND D STREETS EUREKA, CALIFORNIA
B. A. PRICE, PROPRIETOR
Livery, Feed and Sale Stables
B. A. PRICE BAY STABLE
LIVERY,SALE &FEEDSTABLE.
Commercial Travelers, Tourists, Pic- nic and Camping parties can be ac- commodated at all times, with Coaches, Stages, Single and Double Tourn-outs upon Liberal Terms.
Real Estate Speculators will be con- veyed to any portion of the County at Reasonable Rates.
Special Attention given to Transient and Boarding Stock
ARTHUR H. CHOPE
General Blacksmithing
MANUFACTURER OF
Carriages and Wagons
HORSESHOEING A SPECIALTY
Repairing Promptly Attended to
Second Street, bet. D and E
SECOND ST., bet. E and F
EUREKA CALIFORNIA
RUSCOE & LUNDBLADE House Furnishings
LATEST STYLES IN FURNITURE
ARTISTIC DESIGNS IN CARPETS AND WALL PAPER
ELEGANT PATTERNS IN
WALL PAPER
EUREKA
CALIFORNIA
General Auctioneers Real Estate Agents and Collectors CARL HAMILTON & CO., H St., bet. 4th and 5th, Eureka, Cal-
TELEPHONE, No. 10
Our Stock is unexcelled in this County and every effort will be made to further the interests of our patrons.
Oil Paintings and Engravings at J. E. Mathews
HISTORY OF HUMBOLDT COUNTY
57
fortable, each having three beds for the same number of men, and in winter time are provided with stoves and fire places. At some of the camps buildings have been erected for reading and library purposes. The men employed are sober, in- telligent and industrious, and as far removed from the class that is sometimes encountered in Eastern lumber camps as possible. Many have their families with them, but the majority of those engaged in the woods are unmarried. This is but a short description of the process of lumbering in Humboldt county.
WOOL
One of of the Great and Important Products of the County, the Annual Clip, the Superior Quality of Humboldt Wool, the Advantages of the County for Sheep Raising
H UMBOLDT County is as noted and famed for its great wool and sheep interests as it is for the vast forests of redwood which clothe its hills and canyons. Al- most as much capital is invested and the interests are nearly as large as those involved in the manufacture of redwood timber. According to the Assessor's report made this year the number of head of sheep in the county is given at 155,540, including lambs, but this probably falls short of the real number by about 50,000, or making in all about 200,000. This is the estimate given by the leading men engaged in wool raising. By difference of climate the county is divided into two sections; the coast region; which is that part lying in close proximity or within the direct influences of the ocean, a section swept by the fogs and moisture from the sea, and clothed with dense forests of redwood and fir trees. But a small percentage of the sheep in the county are to be found in this section. To the east and beyond the redwood belt is the great wool raising section of the county. This country is hilly, free to an extent from heavy timber growth and well watered. Thick and nutritious grasses, free from burrs, cover the slopes and sides of the hills, affording the best of pasturage for sheep and cattle. The climate of this section is drier than that within the influence of the ocean and somewhat warmer, and an equality of tem-
Gibbard & Lever -MAKE A SPECIALTY OF- Cor. Third and H sts, Pioneer Building, Eureka
Ornamental Mantels
E. G. PLUKE, Agent Heath & Milligan Manufacturing Co's BEST PREPARED PAINT
58 B. FERRARI REVERE HOUSE
EUREKA BOILER WORKS
REVERE HOUSE
GEORGE KRAMER, PROPRIETOR
This Popular Hotel is again under Kramer's well known and successful system of Management
The Best Hotel North of San Francisco Spacious Apartments for Families
BOARD AND ROOM, Per Day, $1.00 SINGLE MEALS, 25 Cents FREE COACH TO AND FROM HOTEL
South side First Street, between E and F Eureka, California
Vegetable i MARKET
Fruit
B. FERRARI - - PROPRIETOR DEALER IN
THOMAS LANGFORD GEO. L. LANGFORD
EUREKA BOILER WORKS
LANGFORD BRO'S, Prop's
FOOT OF E STREET
EUREKA, CALA.
CHOICE PRODUCE Italian Sweet Oil, Olive Oil TABLE DELICACIES Tobacco and Cigars
Practical Boiler Makers
Marine and Stationary Portable Boilers, Smoke Stacks, Hydraulic Pipe, Oil and Water Tanks, Ore and Water Buckets, Gasometers, Girders Bridge and Iron Ship Building
SHEET IRON WORK A SPECIALTY
A FULL SUPPLY OF SEASONABLE FRUITS AND VEGETABLES ALWAYS ON HAND
West side F St., bet. 4th and 5th, Eureka, Cala. Orders Delivered Free of Charge
Prompt Attention will be paid to All Kinds of Repairs and Executed at the Shortest Notice, on the Most Reasonable Terms FIRST-CLASS WORK GUARANTEED
Blue Prints, Tracing. Etc., furnished on Short Notice Maps J. N. LENTELL, Civil Engineer H St., bet, 4th and 5th, Eureka.
J. E. MATHEWS, Agent for Daily, Weekly and Sunday EXAMINER
HISTORY OF HUMBOLDT COUNTY 59
perature is preserved the year round, which dispenses with any necessity of pro- viding shelter for the immense bands of sheep which roam through this part of the county. This is the paradise of sheep raisers, many of whom with nothing but determination and hard work have built up fortunes by this industry. But the days for accumulating immense wealth in this direction have departed and gone. Not that the business of raising wool is not profitable but it requires close management to realize any large amount. The annual clip of the county averages about 2,000,000 pounds. In regard to the tariff we give the conversation we had with a leading wool grower, and his views are the voicings of a great majority of others. "In the first place," said he, "people have a wrong conception of the cost of growing wool. They imagine that all the expense is to hire a man and a dog. They do not consider the cost of clipping, hauling to points for shipment, the freight charges, commissions, wharfage and storage, which when all paid leaves little or nothing to the grower. To simplify the matter, take 2,000 pounds of wool and follow through the expense account :
2,000 pounds of wool at 12 cts, say
$240 $
Clipping
30 00
Hauling
15 00
Freight and insurance
7 50
Wharfage.
2 00
Storage and hauling
10 00
Commissions, 5 per cent. on $240.
12 00
Total.
$240 $76 50
Leaving a supposed profit of $163.50. Now, it takes on an average of 300 sheep to yield 2,000 pounds of wool in a year. A man will cost $600 per year without his board, which is extra, say altogether, $750. Now, he can care for about 3,000 sheep, so that when it is all taken into consideration the wool grower receives about $60 or $70 per ton, which is very little considering the capital in- vested and the risks from diseased animals and accidents which are in attendance with this business, so that really a band of 6,000 or 7,000 sheep earns but a small revenue for its owners, and what little benefit is received from the tariff we shoud- have, and any reduction would drive many out of the business." The above state ment expressly shows the feeling of those engaged in the wool business, at least a majority. The eastern and southeastern parts of the county, which is so favorable to the raising of sheep, is not less adapted to agriculture and fruit growing. It is also rich in minerals, and the day is not far distant when the farmer and miner will begin to make extensive inroads in this vast and fertile country, as they have already to some degree taken advantage of the cheapness of the lands and settled here. Some of the large land owners are putting their property on the market at reasonable prices and easy terms to settlers. Water is abundant in this section of the county, there being numerous living springs and perennial streams are also to be found near the surface by digging wells. The grasses are very nutritious and
Gibbard & Lever make a Specialty of Bedroom and Parlor Suits Cor. 3d and H Sts- Pioneer Bag, Euroka
-.
SKILLED INTERIOR DECORATORS AT PLUKE'S
60 CARL MILLER JAS. E. MATHEWS
L. L. AYERS
OLD CURIOSITY SHOP
ESTABLISHED, 1871
. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
JAS. E. MATHEWS S. W. COR. SECOND AND G STREETS
EUREKA, CALIFORNIA
Bookseller, Stationer and News Dealer
PIANOS, ORGANS AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, SHEET MUSIC SEWING MACHINES, FANCY GOODS AND CURIOS JEWELRY, NOTIONS, ETC., ETC.
Agent for San Francisco and Eastern Newspapers and Periodicals
CARL MILLER
Watchmaker
and Jeweler
DEALER IN
DIAMONDS WATCHES
And All Kinds of JEWELERY
Watch Repairing a Specialty
Vance House Block, Eureka, Cal.
L. L. AYERS
PROPRIETOR
Fashion Stables
COR. FOURTH AND G STREETS
EUREKA, CALA.
LEADING STABLES OF EUREKA
-AND-+
THE LARGEST AND MOST COMPLETE NORTH OF SAN FRANCISCO
Real Estate, Carl Hamilton & Co.
General Auctioneers and Real Estate Agents H Street, between 4th and 5th Eureka, Cal
Headquarters FOR USEFUL VARIETIES AND ORNAMENTAL ARTICLES
J. E. Mathews
HISTORY OF HUMBOLDT COUNTY
61
abundant, and the wool produced in this county is sold in the market at prices from three to five cents higher than the product from other parts of California. Taking the annual clip of the county at 2,000,000 pounds it is worth at least $300,- 000, besides mutton and lambs, which altogether would bring the value of the sheep industry of Humboldt county up to $600,000 annually.
It is authoritively stated that the total annual production of wool in the world is 16,000,000 cwt, (1,792,000,000 pounds.) The estimated value is {200,000,000, or $968,000,000. The number of sheep in Europe is estimated at 200,000,000, which furnish 4,000,000 cwt of wool; of an estimated value of £36,000,000. Morocco, Algiers and Tunis grow a considerable quantity, while France produces 37 per cent. less than it did forty years ago. The European countries are ranked in the following order: (1) Russia, (2) Great Britain, (3) Germany, (4) France, (5) Austria-Hungary (6) Italy, (7) Spain. The East Indies and China produce about 3,000,000 cwt. of wool per annum. It may be stated in this connection that in 1884 our sheep numbered 50,626.626 head, valued at $119,902,- 706, producing 300,000,000 pounds of wool. Since that time the sheep of the country have steadily decreased, year by year, until last year we had but 42,999,- 079 sheep, producing 265,000,000 pounds of wool. Our home grown wools are mostly fine and medium wools. Our import wools are mostly clothing, combing and carpet wools. Our average imports from 1880 to 1889 were, clothing wools, 19,305,070 pounds, combing wools, 5,654,193 pounds, or an average of 88,443,309 pounds a year.
COAL
Vast Field of Coal Beds, Obstacles in the way of Develop- ment, Future Prospect, Eel River Coal
BEYOND MAN'S MEMORY.
Long ago, thousands and tens of thousands of years, the glaciers swept down the eastern slope of the Coast Range in Mendocino and Humboldt counties carry- ing with them trees which were three and four times the size of the giant redwoods which now tower above the valleys. Stumps with a vast acreage of roots, may be found nowadays hidden in the forest depths, denoting the mammoth growth in primeval days. These were the forests that made the coal on the Eel river. The country shows signs of tremendous transitions. Volcanic action threw up ridges, out of which the coal seams crop. Extraordinary landslides must have occurred. In fact the surface of the earth has undergone all sorts of changes.
Gibbard 8 Lever Manufacturers of Furniture and
Every Kind of Ornamental House Finish
Factory, Eu
2d & C Sts.
, Eureka, Cal.
Varnishes and Brushes at Pluke's, Cor 2d & D St.
62 MRS. LILLIE E. HAMM
Eureka Art and Fashion Parlors
Butterick's Patterns -AND- Publications
FANCY WORK, MATERIAL AND
ART GOODS
STAMPING AND EMBROIDERY A SPECIALTY
ALWAYS ON HAND A FULL LINE OF
Holiday Goods AND
BIRTHDAY PRESENTS
STAMPS RECEIVED In Exchange for All Goods
It will Pay to Examine my Goods BEFORE BUYING
SHOPPING
Special Orders -IN-
-FOR-
Outside Parties
Original Designs -AT-
REASONABLE PRICES
I will at all times Ac- commodate those of my Customers free of charge and select from neigh- boring Stores, such goods as are likely suitable.
I will be pleased to help you select latest and tasty Styles
Mrs. Lillie E. Hamm
LADIES' JAPANESE DRESS (Worn as tea-Gown) .- This is Ladies' Japanese dress No. 8074 (copyright). The pattern is in 4 sizes for ladies from 28 to 40 ins .. bust mens .. and costs
P. O. BOX, 505 EUREKA it needs 9 yds. of goods 22 ins. wide, or 5% yda. 36 ins. wide. or 416 yds. 44 ins. wide, with 7 yd- of plain goods 22 ins, wide for the sash, etc.
CALIFORNIA
Mrs. Lillie E. Hamm N. W. cor. F and Stxth Sts., Euroka CALIFORNIA
J. N. LENTELL
CIVIL ENGINEER, AND BRICK MANUFACTURER H Street., bet. 4th and 5th
Orders received from a Distance will receive Special Care and Promptness
Pictures AND Picture Frames at Mathews
HISTORY OF HUMBOLDT COUNTY
63
Coal was found on Mad River in 1854. At a later date it was discovered on Eel River in large quantities. At Point St. George, several years ago, a shaft was sunk and a good quality of coal obtained ; but for want of capital the work was abandoned. Recently ten tons of coal were shipped from Eel River to San Francisco, via Ukiah and the S. F. & N. P. Rwy. Co., by Mr. J. L. Flood, who is a three-quarter owner in a vast coal field on Eel River, at a cost of $20 per ton, but it must be remembered that this sum covers the cost of teaming sixty miles, over a rough and mountainous road, to Ukiah. Some day, perhaps, these figures will be mentioned as we now refer to the prices of 1849. The coal is a lignite, that is, it is known as the latest formation of coal. Mr. Flood has been contemplating for sometime past a development of this coal enterprise on Eel River. When Isaac Friedlander failed in 1875 he handed five-eighths of the property over to the Nevada Bank; of the remainder, Walker of redwood fame owned an eighth, the estate of Edmund Janssen another eighth, and the late Capt. R. S. Floyd the remaining eighth. Walker sold his share to the Nevada Bank later on, and when Messrs. Hellman, Sloss and Gerstle bought a large share in the bank this coal property was one of the items reserved by Messrs. Flood and Mackey. These gentlemen realized the enormous expenses required to open up the coal fields, but made a proposition to Mr. Janssen that he should join in forming a stock company. Captain Floyd, it is said, was ready to enter into the enterprise with his accustomed public spirit. The Janssen estate objected, however, to the expense, which for a company of 100,000 shares would involve assessments of $45 or $50 a share. Then an offer was made the Janssens of $21,000 for their share, but this was rejected.
THE COAL VEIN.
At a certain point where two cliffs rise high on either bank may be seen the great coal vein, which it has cut in two. On either side the coal rises almost to the top of the cliff, and, according to the experts, there are 18,000 tons in sight. When the surface of the earth was forced up by volcanic action in ages past the stratum of coal was broken grievously, so that if a mine should be begun at the north bank of the fork of Eel River it might easily happen that after progressing a few hundred yards the vein might come to an end, and the strata lie a hundred yards above, or below, as the case may be. This is where the uncertainty lies, and it is just this that leaves the trail of speculation across the field. A rough guess gives 10,000,000 tons to the square mile, and there are about 40 square miles in the present tract. It will take nearly $5,000,000 to place the coal on the market -$2,500,000 for a railway to Ukiah, and $2,500,000 to develop the mine. From Ukiah the route would be sixty miles and practicable. There is on the whole, a good chance for San Francisco to have a large and cheap coal supply-that is, if the promoters succeed in overcoming the obstacles. The S.F.& North Pacific Railway Co. would join the proposed line at Ukiah, but this corporation cannot go farther, even at the inducement of the coal fields. When the Donahues mortgaged the road to
Gibbard & Lever DEALERS IN ALL KINDS OF Por. Third and H Streets, Pioneer Building, Eureka
Furniture
Illuminating Oils and Paint Oils at Pluke's, 2d and D Streets.
64 S. A. Campbell Annie Laurence Geo. M. Fay & Bros. J. P. Holt
STERLING A. CAMPBELL IMPORTER OF
CIGARS AND TOBACCO
AND DEALER IN
Smokers' Goods, Notions and Cutlery
SECOND ST Opposite Vance House EUREKA
POODLE DOG RESTAURANT AND LODGING HOUSE
N. E. Cor. E and First St. Eureka, Cal.
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