USA > Iowa > Jefferson County > History of Jefferson County, Iowa, a record of settlement, organization, progress and achievement, Volume I > Part 46
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As an earnest of the belief that the cause could stand upon its own merits, business advertising was excluded from the booklet, a policy since continued. In the realization that the ordinary income would not cover the heavy outlay, it was arranged to use the appearance of Bishop C. C. McCabe on the platform as an opportune occasion to sell paid up stock. Owing to his kindly offices and the prevailing enthusiasm, people of both city and country cheerfully responded.
In 1907, Rev. William A. Sunday, the wonderful evangelist, was induced to visit Fairfield to conduct a religious revival. The "Tabernacle" erected especially for his services reverted as a gift to the Chautauqua Association. It was re- moved to "Chautauqua Park," enlarged and strengthened. As rebuilt, it is 163 feet in length and 100 feet in width. In a measure it lost to the audience the Vol. I -26
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out of door effects and the mellow lights of the "Big Tent" it supplanted, but it substituted for those quiet charms a compensating and satisfying sense of security.
In 1909, subscriptions for stock to be paid annually for four years, amounting in the total to more than $4,000, were secured to lift the debt remaining upon the land. Despite the long period, there were few delinquencies. The maturing ob- ligations were met. In 1913, a deed was obtained vesting the title in the Fairfield Chautauqua Association.
This material growth in a decade, possible only through universal goodwill and cooperation, was the means to nobler ends. To bring in men and women of distinction to present in person their views upon the problems of the age, to widen information, to extend culture, to raise the standard of morals, to create new as- pirations, to promote sociability, to form desirable acquaintanceships, these were the primary purposes. They are no rules for the measurement of spiritual forces when set in motion. Rev. Sam P. Jones, William Jennings Bryan, Booker T. Washington, Maude Ballington Booth, Chaplain C. C. McCabe, John Sharp Williams, Governor John A. Johnson, and a host of others less known to fame, came with torches burning, wove their spells, and left with those who heard them liberalizing influences and suggestive memories.
In 1905, the building of an electric railway to connect Keosauqua and Fair- field was proposed. It was to run by way of Mt. Zion and Birmingham. There were public meetings at all four places to discuss the undertaking. Figures were quoted to show what revenue might be counted upon from passengers and freight. As presented, the project was attractive. Considerable enthusiasm developed. Money was contributed for a survey. The most favorable route was found by the engineers to lie through Stockport. In 1906, the plan took on a more comprehensive and definite form. The Iowa and Missouri Power and Traction Company was incorporated at Keosauqua. The line was to be extended southward and northward. Power was to be derived from the Des Moines River. Money to finance the enterprise, it was announced, was in sight, provided there were liberal local contributions. In July, a mass meeting of the citizens of Fairfield declared in favor of a 3 per cent tax on the township to aid it. Petitions to submit this to the voters received the requisite signatures. It was sustained at a special election on September 5th by 775 affirmative ballots against 223 negative ballots. In March, 1907, the county supervisors granted the use of a part of the highway leading to Birmingham for a right of way. The course of events in the next few months discovered the prospect to be an empty shell. The rest of the story is a record of failure. No actual construction of the road was ever attempted.
The voting of the tax in Fairfield Township was not relished by those who lived without the city proper. These had cast 104 ballots in opposition and thirty- seven ballots in approval. Taking advantage of a statutory provision, T. C. Ross, Louis Barrow and Solomon Gaumer, in January, 1907, laid before the county supervisors a petition praying that the territory without the corporate limits of Fairfield be cut off from it and set up as a separate township. There was no remonstrance. The division was duly decreed. The portion left was confirmed as Fairfield Township; the portion taken away was established as Center Town- ship. On November 5th, at a special election, its officers, three trustees, two
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justices of the peace, two constables, a clerk and an assessor, were chosen. On the first Monday in January, 1908, the separation became effective and complete. Some annoyance was experienced because there was no accessible and con- venient central point for a polling place. The irritation caused by this situation was cured in 1909 by an amendment of the law to permit the polling place to be fixed at the courthouse.
In 1899, the establishment of a hospital in Fairfield was broached. A dis- cussion followed lasting more than a year. Early in 1901 an effort was made to convert favorable comments into active work. It ended in failure because fear of the immediate expense and of the burden of maintenance afterward was an obstacle which could not be reasoned away. In 1905, the suggestion was renewed. Interest in it was only lukewarm. Quite unexpectedly, in 1909, the Legislature passed "an act to enable counties to establish and maintain public hospitals." It was the expression of an idea which came to Dr. E. E. Munger of Spencer, Iowa, and was worked out by him. In December, 1910, sufficient sentiment was developed under this law to secure the calling of a special election on March 27, 1911, to submit to the qualified electors the voting of a half-mill tax for ten years to provide such an institution. By means of addresses and the publication of articles on the questions involved, full and complete information was dis- seminated. There were cast 2,265 ballots, of which 1,379 were for the tax. The chief difficulty, provision of means, was thus overcome. Washington County alone anticipated Jefferson County in taking this step. For trustees, the county supervisors appointed E. D. Y. Culbertson, L. J. Marcy, Dillon Turney, T. C. Ross, John Fritz, C. W. Wade and F. K. Laughlin. In organizing this body, E. D. Y. Culbertson and Dillon Turney were respectively chosen president and secretary. Grounds were purchased in the eastern part of Fairfield. It was discovered, when plans for the building were under consideration, that the funds were insufficient to supply some essential requirements. In this predica- ment, generous citizens came to the rescue with subscriptions aggregating several thousand dollars. There were liberal donations also of furnishings and equip- ment by individuals and societies. On September 17, 1912, the Jefferson County Hospital was dedicated. Dr. E. E. Munger, to whose happy inspiration its existence was due, participated in the exercises. On October 2d, with Miss Amy Beers in charge as superintendent, it was opened for the reception of patients. Its service to sick and injured has exceeded expectation. The benefi- cence of its operation is generally recognized. Women's auxiliaries in Fairfield and Libertyville methodically labor "to increase its usefulness." They render invaluable aid.
The grand jury which met in the fall of 1912 condemned the jail as "utterly unfit" for habitation and for the confinement of human beings. The terms of denunciation were strong. The district court refused to commit criminals to its cells, but sent them away for imprisonment. The county supervisors, having had the situation put up to them in this forcible manner, took notice and acted. A proposition for the erection of a jail and sheriff's residence at an expense not to exceed eighteen thousand dollars was submitted to the voters at the general election. It carried by a fair majority. Thus was brought about the razing of the old structure and the building of a new one, modern in style and equipment.
On February 8, 1912, the legal voters of Fairfield authorized two proposals,
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one being the sale of the Franklin School grounds at $15,000, and one being the issuance of bonds to the amount of $60,000 for the erection of a high school building. On taking action on the first, men only voted, giving a majority of 714 in its favor. On taking action on the second, both men and women voted, giving a majority of 1,218 in its favor. A building, planned along approved scientific lines for its special purposes, was erected. The original estimate for its construction proving insufficient, on June 6, 1913, an additional sum of $15,000, to complete, furnish and equip it, was voted. A shrewd guess, as Emerson has suggested, may be given from the house to the inhabitant. The high school itself is worthy of its home. It offers classical, scientific, normal, agricultural, domestic and vocational courses. Its advantages, provided for the children of the city, are enjoyed by many boys and girls, who attend from country districts.
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CHAPTER XLIV
A STATISTICAL REVIEW
The statistics of a people and of their work reveal the presence and the absence of changing conditions. In fact, they epitomize growth and decay, ventures, struggles, successes and failures. They measure both strength and effort. They are charged with meaning, but they are interpreted correctly only in the light of the happenings of the times with which they are connected.
TABLE NO. I
Population of Jefferson County and of Iowa in various years from 1840 to 1860:
Year.
Jefferson County.
Iowa.
1840
2,780
43,114
1844
5,694
75,152
1846
6,000
97,588
1847
8,463
116,651
1849
8,835
152,988
1850
9,904
191,982
1851
10,081
204,774
1852
10,225
230,713
1854
11,117
326,013
1856
13,305
519,055
1859
14,478
638,775
1860
15,038
674,913
These figures clearly indicate the rapid influx of settlers. The quick develop- ment of the county, in a comparative sense, explains in a measure its large in- fluence in the forming of the characteristics of the state.
TABLE NO II
Population of Jefferson County in various years from 1860 to 1870:
Year. 1860.
1863.
1865.
1867.
1870.
Population. . 15,038
14,649
14,772
16,420
17,839
These figures, compared with those of the previous years, reflect the blight of the Civil war and the recovery after its termination.
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TABLE NO. III
Population of Jefferson County at intervals of five years from 1875 to 1910:
Year.
1875.
1880.
1885.
1890.
Population
17,127
17,469
15,995
15,184
Year.
1895.
1900.
1905.
1910.
Population
16,405
17,437
16,493
15,591
The fluctuations downward disclose the inborn desire to improve personal fortunes, to own property and lands, which found expression in the migratory instinct.
TABLE NO. IV
Comparison of the population of Fairfield in various years and the population, without its corporate limits, of Jefferson County :
Year.
1854.
1860.
1865.
1870.
Fairfield
1,013
1,692
1,74I
2,226
County
10,104
13,346
13,031
15,613
Year.
1875.
1880.
1885.
1890.
Fairfield
2,343
3,086
3,264
3,391
County
14,784
14,383
12,731
11,793
Year.
1895.
1900.
1905.
1910.
Fairfield
4,026
4,689
5,009
4,970
County
12,379
12,748
11,484
10,981
The noticeable feature in these figures is the steady growth of the city, due to the establishment of industrial enterprises.
TABLE NO. V
Comparison of changing rural and urban population in Jefferson County at intervals of five years from 1895 to 1910:
Year.
1895.
1900.
1905.
1910.
Rural
11,507
11,651
10,417
9,983
Urban
4,898
5,786
6,076
5,968
Improved machinery in part and altered methods in farming in part account for the decrease in rural population. The occupational opportunities of Fair- field, Batavia, Packwood and Pleasant Plain account for the increase in urban population. The difference will be more marked when Abingdon, Libertyville, Glasgow, Lockridge, East Pleasant Plain and Linby are included in the latter.
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TABLE NO. VI
Comparison of the population in the several townships of Jefferson County at intervals of ten years from 1840 to 1910:
Year.
1840.
1850.
1860.
1870.
Blackhawk
Not
322
719
1,019
Buchanan
dis-
1,234
1,499
Cedar .
trib-
630
866
816
Des Moines
uted.
986
1,364
1,280
Fairfield (city)
909
1,692
2,226
Fairfield or Center
990
1,137
1,640
Liberty
1,209
951
1,082
Lockridge
981
1,413
1,680
Locust Grove
904
1,129
1,486
Penn
....
869
1,314
1,616
Polk
.....
601
11,130
1,2II
Round Prairie
786
1,049
1,085
Walnut
717
1,040
1,199
Total
2,773
9,904
15,038
17,839
Year.
1880.
1890.
1900.
1910.
Blackhawk
1,008
773
722
745
Buchanan
1,218
952
947
817
Cedar
740
663
673
566
Des Moines
1,145
892
962
785
Fairfield (city)
3,086
3,391
4,689
4,970
Liberty
1,118
893
1,017
1,058
Lockridge
1,478
1,248
1,229
1,086
Locust Grove
1,410
1,266
1,540
1,243
Penn
1,727
1,283
1,322
1,152
Polk
1,180
1,096
1,265
1,040
Round Prairie
1,116
890
887
815
Walnut
1,108
925
923
808
Total
17,469
15,184
17,437
15,951
Buchanan and Des Moines townships, without towns, have suffered the heaviest loss of inhabitants. That the number engaged in agricultural pursuits and directly supported by them has lessened about one-third since 1870 is per- fectly obvious.
TABLE NO. VII .
The number of acres in improved farm lands in Jefferson County in various years from 1850 to 1910:
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1,135
912
1,261
866
Fairfield or Center.
.....
....
...
...
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HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY
Year.
1850.
1856.
1860.
Acres
54,499
69,776
99,357
1870. 163,276
Year.
1880.
1890.
1900.
1910.
Acres
203,609
209,267
211,089
213,747
It will be noticed that by 1880 the arable lands were practically all under fence and tillable. The completion of this work connects closely with the departure of farm laborers.
TABLE NO. VIII
The number of draft-oxen in Jefferson County in intervals of ten years from 1850 to 1880:
Year.
1850.
1860.
1870.
1880.
Oxen
1,417
1,512
149
6
These oxen drew the big plows long used in breaking the tough prairie sod. As the plows fell into disuse, they disappeared.
TABLE NO. IX
The number of horses in Jefferson County at intervals of ten years from 1840 to 1890:
Year.
1840.
1850.
1860.
Horses
825
24,441
5,908
Year.
1870.
1880.
1890.
Horses
9,150
9,520
13,231
It is not probable that up to 1880 there were many more horses in the county than were required to supply local needs. Since then they have been raised to some extent for the general market.
TABLE NO. X
The number of cattle in Jefferson County at intervals of ten years from 1840 to 1890:
Year.
1840.
1850.
1860.
Cattle
3,075
8,915
16,647
Year.
1870.
1880.
1890.
Cattle
17,695
26,652
39,617
Cattle raising in Jefferson County was given an impetus by the building, in 1870, of the Southwestern Railroad and, subsequently, by the bridging of the Mississippi River at Burlington. The reason for this lies in the fact that these things established "winter communication" over two lines with Chicago.
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HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY
TABLE NO. XI
The number of swine in Jefferson County at intervals of ten years from 1840 to 1910:
Year.
1840.
1850.
1860.
1870.
Swine
7,172
25,332
31,085
32,845
1 Year.
1880.
1890.
1900.
1910.
Swine
62,917
51,824
71,065
54,910
A large increase in the number of swine raised in Jefferson County followed the opening of the way in the winter season to the packing establishments of Chicago.
TABLE NO. XII
The number of sheep in Jefferson County in various years from 1840 to 1880:
Year.
1840.
1850.
1860.
1863.
Sheep
2,118
13,851
9,902
13,511
Year.
1865.
1867.
1870.
1880.
Sheep
24,764
47,678
29,300
16,142
In 1867, there were more sheep than swine in Jefferson County. For a few years, sheep raising had been most promising and profitable.
TABLE NO. XIII
The wool clip of Jefferson County in pounds for various years from 1840 to 1880.
Year.
1840.
1850.
1860.
1863.
Pounds
1,238
33,726
27,069
62,897
Year.
1865.
1867.
1870.
1880.
Pounds
88,274
191,491
107,394
100,494
In 1867, a woolen mill was started in Fairfield. After 1880, the production of wool in Jefferson County rapidly declined.
TABLE NO. XIV
Bushels of wheat grown in Jefferson County at intervals of ten years from 1840 to 1910.
Year.
1840.
1850.
1860.
1870.
Bushels
4,223
59,539
72,910
234,779
Year.
1880.
1890.
1900.
1910.
Bushels
242,137
60,278
4,220
117,206
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The bulk of the large yields of 1870 and 1880 was spring wheat, which has been discarded. The yields of 1900 and 1910 are winter wheat, which has been restored to favor among growers.
TABLE NO. XV
Bushels of oats grown in Jefferson County at intervals of ten years from 1840 to 1910.
Year.
1840.
1850.
1860.
1870.
Bushels
10,795
132,864
36,929
242,364
Year.
1880.
1890.
1900.
1910.
Bushels
555,308
1,005,879
866,620
685,178
The supply of labor and the character of the season materially affect the acreage and yield of this cereal.
TABLE NO. XVI
Bushels of corn grown in Jefferson County at intervals of ten years from 1840 to 1910.
Year.
1840.
1870.
Bushels
89,675
1850. 705,296
1860. 1,171,985
1,100,500
Year.
1880.
1890.
1900.
1910.
Bushels
1,782,128
1,805,175
2,348,660
1,888,458
Corn has always been a staple crop of the county. It is not shipped away, but is used locally to fatten hogs and cattle.
The compilations are sufficient to illustrate the settlement, growth, and . progressive development of the county's resources. They also may serve to suggest similar comparisons along special lines.
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CHAPTER XLV
THE OFFICIAL LIST
It seems desirable to present a list of those persons of Jefferson County who have been honored with official place and have been charged with the administra- tion of its affairs. For convenience they are grouped under the years in which their service was rendered. This method, it must be observed, is not quite accurate for there was a long period when office was assumed both in the spring and in the fall. On account of this, it happens, on the one hand, that some officials filled their positions two or three months before the year to which they are first assigned, and on the other hand, that some officials filled their positions two or three months after the year to which they are last assigned.
1839
Territorial representative, William G. Coop ; sheriffs, Frederick A. Lyon, James L. Scott; judge of Probate, Henry B. Notson ; clerk of the District Court, John A. Pitzer; county commissioners, John J. Smith, Daniel Sears, B. F. Chastian, William Hueston ; clerk of Commissioners' Court, John A. Pitzer ; assessor, James Gilmer ; treasurer, John W. Sullivan; recorder, John A. Pitzer ; surveyor, William Bonnifield.
1840
Territorial representative, William G. Coop; sheriff, James L. Scott; judge of Probate, Henry B. Notson; clerk of the District Court, John A. Pitzer; county commissioners, Daniel Sears, Henry B. Notson, Robert Brown; clerk of Com- missioners' Court, Samuel Shuffleton ; assessor, Amos Lemons; treasurer, Willis C. Stone; recorder, John A. Pitzer; surveyor, John Ross.
1841
Member of Territorial Council, William G. Coop; territorial representative, Alexander A. Wilson; clerk of the District Court, John A. Pitzer; county com- missioners, Daniel Sears, Robert Brown, Ezekiel J. Gilham; clerk of Commis- sioners' Court, Samuel Shuffleton ; judge of Probate, Henry B. Notson ; sheriff, James L. Scott; assessor, Hardin Butler ; treasurer, John T. Moberly; recorder, John A. Pitzer ; surveyor, David Switzer.
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HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY
1842
Member of Territorial Council, William G. Coop; territorial representative, Richard Quinton; clerk of the District Court, John A. Pitzer; county commis- sioners, Robert Brown, Ezekiel J. Gilham, Barraca S. Dunn; clerk of Commis- sioners' Court, Samuel Shuffleton, James T. Hardin; judge of Probate, Henry B. Notson; sheriff, James L. Scott; assessor, James T. Hardin; treasurer, John Ratliff ; recorders, John A. Pitzer, Evan T. Butler; surveyor, David Switzer.
1843
Member of Territorial Council, Joseph B. Teas ; territorial representative, John W. Culbertson; clerk of the District Court, John A. Pitzer ; county commissioners, Ezekiel J. Gilham, Barraca S. Dunn, Thomas Mitchell; clerk of Commissioners' Court, James T. Hardin ; judge of Probate, Henry B. Notson; sheriff, James L. Scott; assessor, Jonathan Turner; treasurer, John Ratliff; recorders, Evan T. Butler, Luke W. Saunders; surveyor, David Switzer.
1844
Member of Territorial Council, Joseph B. Teas; territorial representative, John W. Culbertson; delegates to Constitutional Convention, Robert Brown, Samuel Whitmore, James I. Murray, Sullfand S. Ross .; clerk of the District Court, John A. Pitzer ; county commissioners, Barraca S. Dunn, Thomas Mitchell, Smith Ball, William A. Hendricks; clerk of Commissioners' Court, James T. Hardin; judge of Probate, Charles Negus; sheriff, James L. Scott; treasurer, John Ratliff ; recorder, Luke W. Saunders; surveyor, David Switzer; coroner, James A. Clark.
1845
Member of Territorial Council, William G. Coop; territorial representative, Reuben R. Harper; clerk of the District Court, John A. Pitzer; county com- missioners, Smith Ball, William A. Hendricks, William Brown; clerk of Com- missioners' Court, John Shields ; judge of Probate, Charles Negus; sheriff, James T. Hardin ; treasurer, Greenup Smith; recorder, William Y. McGaw ; surveyor, David Switzer ; coroner, James G. Clark ; inspector of weights and measures, Wil- liam Markham.
1846
Member of Territorial Council, William G. Coop; territorial representative, Joseph H. Flint ; delegates to Constitutional Convention, Sulifand S. Ross, William G. Coop; clerk of the District Court, John A. Pitzer; county commissioners, Smith Ball, William Brown, Albert L. Connable; clerk of Commissioners' Court, John Shields; judge of Probate, Charles Negus; sheriff, James T. Hardin; assessor, Jesse Woollard; treasurer, Greenup Smith; recorder, William Y. Mc- Gaw : surveyor, David Switzer ; coroner, James G. Clark ; inspector of weights and measures, M. T. Swett. .
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HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY
1847
Members of General Assembly, senator, Robert Brown, representatives, Samuel Whitmore, William H. Lyons, James R. Bailey; district judge, Cyrus Olney ; clerk of the District Court, John W. Culbertson; county commissioners, William Brown, Albert L. Connable, Smith Ball; clerk of Commissioners' Court, John Shields; judge of Probate, Barnet Ristine; sheriff, James T. Hardin ; prosecuting attorney, George Acheson; assessor, Joseph Knott; treasurer, Jesse Woollard; recorder, W. Y. McGaw; school fund commissioner, Robert Brown; surveyor, David Switzer; coroner, James A. Cunningham.
1848
Members of General Assembly, senator, John Howell, representatives, Wil- liam H. Lyons, James R. Bailey, George Weyland, district judge, Cyrus Olney ; clerk of the District Court, John W. Culbertson; county commissioners, Albert L. Connable, Smith Ball, William Judd; clerk of Commissioners' Court, S. H. Bradley; judge of Probate, Barnet Ristine; sheriff, John Shields; prosecuting attorney, George Acheson ; assessor, John Sheilds; treasurer and recorder, Anson Ford; school fund commissioner, Francis M. Allen; surveyor, Samuel Whitmore; coroner, James A. Cunningham.
1849
Members of General Assembly, senator, John Howell, representatives, George Weyland, William Baker, Andrew Collins; district judge, Cyrus Olney; clerk of the District Court, John W. Culbertson; county commissioners, Smith Ball, Wil- liam Judd, Daniel Mendenhall; clerk of Commissioners' Court, Samuel H. Brad- ley ; judge of Probate, Barnet Ristine; sheriff, John Shields ; prosecuting attorney, Ezra Brown; assessor, John Shields; treasurer and recorder, Anson Ford; school fund commissioner, Francis M. Allen; surveyor, Samuel Whitmore; coroner, James A. Cunningham.
1850
District judge, Cyrus Olney ; clerk of the District Court, John W. Culbertson ; county commissioners, William Judd, Daniel Mendenhall, George Hanawalt ; clerk of Commissioners' Court, S. H. Bradley ; judge of Probate, Barnet Ristine ; sheriff, Samuel Scott Walker ; prosecuting attorney, Ezra Drown; assessor, Samuel Scott. Walker; treasurer and recorder, Anson Ford; school fund commissioner, W. C. Jones; surveyor, Samuel Whitmore; coroner, James A. Cunningham.
1851
Member of Congress, representative first district, Bernhart Henn; members of General Assembly, senator, John Howell; representatives, Charles Negus, H. D. Gibson, Thomas Mccullough; district judge, Cyrus Olney ; clerk of the District Court, Sawyer Robinson ; county commissioners, Daniel Mendenhall, George Han- nawalt, James H. Turner ; clerk of Commissioners' Court, S. H. Bradley ; judge of
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HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY
Probate, Barnet Ristine; sheriff, Samuel Scott Walker; prosecuting attorney, Ezra Drown; assessor, Samuel Scott Walker ; treasurer and recorder, Anson Ford; school fund commissioner, W. C. Jones; surveyor, Samuel Whitmore; coroner, James A. Cunningham.
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