USA > Iowa > Jefferson County > History of Jefferson County, Iowa, a record of settlement, organization, progress and achievement, Volume I > Part 5
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Roads to be passable require constant care and maintenance. The duty of oversight and the responsibility for their condition must be chargeable to some authority. To this end road districts were defined and overseers assigned them. Overseers were "required to work all roads and to call on all hands required to work on the roads." The court of commissioners of Henry County in May, 1837, "ordered that the country included in the following limits be and is hereby declared a Road District known as No. 5: to wit, commencing on the south side of Skunk river at the mouth of Big Cedar and up said river to the Indian boundary and with said line south to the county line and with said line east to where it crosses Big Cedar and with said creek to its junction with Skunk river and that Thomas Lambert be and is hereby appointed overseer said district." Although his district comprised several hundred square miles of territory, Lam- bert could not have found his position onerous for the reason that there were but few miles of road under his supervision.
In April, 1838, the court of commissioners, for convenience and efficiency, made the government township the road district. Township and district bore the same number. Township, number seventy-one north, range eight west (Round Prairie) was District No. 12. John H. Gillam was appointed overseer. Township number seventy-two north, range eight west (Lockridge) was Dis- trict No. 5. John Parsons was appointed overseer. Township number seventy- three, range eight west (Walnut) was District No. 4. John D. Wood was appointed overseer.
It appears that this symmetrical arrangement of districts for some reason was not altogether satisfactory or was partially impracticable. At the July session of the court, on motion of William Tilford, a road district was defined "on the south by Brush Creek on the north by the county line on the east by Skunk River on the west by the boundary line," and known as No. 16. Jonathan Turner was appointed overseer.
Among the officials of Henry County were several whose claims were in the part soon to be set off in the new county. On March 17, 1838, quoting from
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HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY
the entry, "William Tilford appeared with his certificate of election and was duly sworn in as county commissioner for the term of two years." For the others the clerk was less specific. James Gilmore was qualified on the same date, but for what office is nowhere stated. Inferentially it was for the office of assessor since he was afterward authorized by the commissioners "to assess that part of the county lying south and west of Skunk River." Later Isaac Blakely and Alexander Kirk were also qualified for unnamed positions. John Parsons served as coroner. The panel of the first grand jury which met in October, 1838, included Samuel Scott Walker and Amos Lemmons; of the first petit jury, Daniel Sears and Barnet Ristine.
The opening of the Second Purchase in 1838 attracted many settlers. Before the close of that year there was a large increase in population. A considerable acreage was under cultivation. There was a surplus of corn for which there was no market. There was relief from the pressure of exposure and hunger, but there began to be felt the lack of roads and of schools. These were objects to be obtained by combined efforts. Conflicting interests were arising and calling for resident officials to determine rights and apply the law. The election in September of William Green Coop to the Territorial Legislature set in motion the legal machinery to provide the desired local government.
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CHAPTER X
THE LAND SURVEY
The first settlers came to an open country where each as he arrived selected a place that pleased his fancy. If his tract adjoined the claim of another, it conformed to that. Beyond this there was no regularity of bounds and no certainty of acreage. There could be none until the lands were surveyed and points and lines established. No title could be acquired until this was done. In the meantime the settlers were but "squatters" whose rights of possession were acknowledged and protected under rules imposed and enforced by them- selves.
A moment's reflection will suggest the importance of the governmental survey in permanent settlement and development. It underlies the ownership of land by fixing its exact location. Upon its divisions rests largely the machinery of local government.
The survey of Jefferson County, as of the larger part of Iowa, proceeds westwardly from the fifth principal meridian, a line extending due north from the mouth of the Arkansas River, and northwardly from a line extending due west from the mouth of the St. Francis River in Arkansas. Parallel to these two lines are run others at regular intervals of six miles. Those running east and west are known as township lines and beginning with the base line are numbered consecutively to the north. Those running north and south are known as range lines and beginning with the fifth principal meridian are numbered consecutively to the west. In this symmetrical arrangement of squares the lands enclosed between the intersecting lines make townships. The first square formed in the process is township number one north, range one west; the square north of it is township number two north, range one west; the square west of it is township number one north, range two west; and the square which corners with it is township number two north, range two west. The specific description of a township is the numbers of its base and range lines and their directions.
On April 12, 1837, was run under governmental authority the first township line related to Jefferson County. It was number seventy-one north for range ten west and lies between the present Township of Liberty and the County of Van Buren. It was established by Hervey Parke, a deputy surveyor, under a contract dated October 1, 1836, covering the states of Ohio and Indiana and the Territory of Michigan, which then included Iowa. More than six years were to pass before the township survey of the county was completed. The last township line run was number seventy-four north for range eleven west It separates the present Township of Polk from Keokuk County. It was estab-
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HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY
lished on June 25, 1843, by Alvin Burt, a deputy surveyor, under a contract dated May 8th in the same year.
In 1837 four townships of the county were defined. They were then in Henry County. The surveyor was Hervey Parke. It was the rule to run and to mark one line a day. The first township to have its boundaries determined was number seventy-one north, range eight west. This is Round Prairie. On April 20th its eastern line was established; on April 21st, its southern line; On April 23d, its western line; on May 2d, its northern line. Townships number seventy-one north, range nine west, and numbers seventy-two and seventy-three north, range eight west, followed in quick succession. On May 14th, line number seventy-four north for range eight west was run completing this survey. These townships are respectively Cedar, Lockridge and Walnut. They were in the Blackhawk Purchase, and between them and the Indian Boundary remained only fractional townships.
In December, 1840, five additional townships were defined. The surveyor was Uriah Biggs. These were number seventy-one north, range ten west, and numbers seventy-two and seventy-three north, ranges nine and ten west. These were in part from the Blackhawk Purchase and in part from the Second Pur- chase. They are respectively Liberty, Buchanan, Center including Fairfield, Penn and Blackhawk.
In June, 1843, the three remaining townships were defined. The surveyor was Alvin Burt. These were numbers seventy-one, seventy-two and seventy- three north, range eleven west. A little more than half their lands came from the Second Purchase, the remainder from the New Purchase. These townships are respectively Des Moines, Locust Grove and Polk.
After the boundaries of a township are established, there is made a sectional survey. This divides it in thirty-six blocks each a mile square. These blocks are called sections and are regularly numbered, beginning with the one in the northeast corner, proceeding consecutively to the range line on the west, then back and forth alternately and ending with the one in the southeast corner.
A section contains 640 acres. It is divided into halves of 320 acres by a north and south line, and into quarters of 160 acres by an east and west line. A quarter section is subdivided by similar lines into halves and quarters. The Government's surveyor's ran only the section lines, but they marked on these the terminal points of the lines making the halves and quarters.
The sectional survey starts on the township line at the corner of Sections 35 and 36. From this point the section line is run north and parallel to the range line a distance of eighty chains, one mile. This gives the section corner, from which a line at right angles to the section line is run eastward to the range line. This is technically termed the "random." The direction and distance of the intersection of the random and range lines from the post marking the section corner is noted. The true line is then run from the section corner westward to the starting point. The lines of the sections to the north are found in the same · manner until the township line is reached and intersected. Beginning again at the base or township line on the south with the next section corner to the west, a second row of sections is defined. This process is repeated until in running the fifth section line north randoms and true lines are also run to and from the
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JEFFERSON COUNTY Dates of Township Surveys
June 25,1843
December 21,1840
December 20,1840
May 14, 1837.
(59)
(42)
(42)
(16)
June 24, 1843
Polk two.
Black Hawk
(41)
73-10
(41)
73-9
Hay 1, 1837
(16)
73-8
(16)
June 19, 1843
December 15,1840
December 14,1840
May 11, 1837
(59)
(41)
(41)
( 16)
June 18,1843
Locust Grove
Fairfield
Buchanan
Lockridge
(59)
72-11
December 12, 1840
72-10
(41)
72-9
Hay 5, 1837
(16)
72-8
(16)
June 13, 1843
December 11,1840
May 3, 1837
Muy 3, 1837
(58)
(41)
( 16)
(16)
Des Moines
Liberty
June 18, 1843
71-1]
(41)
( 16)
71-9
71-8
(15)
June 4, 1843
April 12,1837
April 22,1837
April 21,1837
(57)
(15)
(15)
(15)
Range 11
Range 10
Range 9
Range 8
April 20, 1832
(58)
December 10, 1840
71-10
April 24. 1837
Cedar
Roand Prairie
Vay 4 1837
.
(41)
December 18 1840
December 19, 1840
Pen-
walnut
(59)
73-11
Hay 13. 1837
December 13, 1840
April 23, 1837
(16)
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HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY
range line on the west. The intersection of this fifth section line with the township line on the north completes this survey.
The sectional survey of the lands of Jefferson County began in the fall of 1837 in Township No. 71 north, range nine west. Townships Nos. 71, 72 and 73 north, range eight west, were next surveyed in the order named. The sur- veyor was E. F. Lucas, who accomplished the work in little more than three months.
In the spring and summer of 1841, five townships were surveyed. These were Townships Nos. 73 north, ranges nine and ten west, the surveyor of which was Samuel C. Wiltse, and Townships Nos. 71 and 72 north, range ten west, and No. 72 north, range nine west, the surveyor of which was James E. Freeman.
In the fall of 1843 the last three townships were surveyed. These were Township No. 71 north, range eleven west, the surveyor of which was W. Bar- rows, and Townships Nos. 72 and 73 north, range eleven west, the surveyor of which was Alvin Burt. It seems the work of Barrows was not properly performed, for Township No. 71 north, range eleven west, was resurveyed in June, 1846, by Paul C. Jeffries.
These surveyors made ample field notes which present a succinct description of the country. The prairie and timber, the varieties of shrubs and trees, the character of the soil, cultivated fields, houses, trails, roads, streams, mill-seats, coal and stone, are all accurately noted. Distances are given in chains and links. Many abbreviations are used and to read their records easily these should be made familiar. The more important are sec. for section, qr. for quarter, cor. for corner, intd. for intersected, dia. for diameter, and var. for variation. The points of the compass are indicated by the letter N for north, S for south, E for east, and W for west. Initials of words which may be completed from the context are quite common, as W. for white, B. for black, R. for red, J. for jack, U. G. for undergrowth, and L. for links. These field notes are of sufficient interest and importance to be set out in full for the sales of these lands by the Government were based upon these surveys.
KEY TO JEFFERSON COUNTY PLAT OF TOWNSHIP SURVEYS
I. Each township line was surveyed on date as given.
2. The numbers enclosed in parentheses are the numbers of the books in which field notes of surveys are found, and are books numbered 15, 16, 41, 42, 57, 58 and 59.
3. The items or data given below, by books, refer to all the lines included in the respective books, as shown by the numbers on the township lines of the plat.
Book No. 15. Contract dated October 1, 1836, covering the states of Ohio and Indiana and Territory of Michigan (which then included what is now Iowa) ; book certified to June 14, 1837, by Hervey Parke, D. S., and signed also by M. B. Smith, title not given but probably one of the chainmen.
Book No. 16. Contract same as above, certified same date, and signed Hervey Parke, D. Surveyor, and by M. B. Smith.
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HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY
Book No. 41. Contract dated October 16, 1840, covering territories of Wis- consin and Iowa; book certified December 20, 1840, by Uriah Biggs, Dep. Sur., also as follows: Hugh George, Aaron D. Hurley, chainmen; Ira Claflin, marker. Book No. 42. Contract same as above; certified December 30, 1840; by Uriah Biggs, Dep. Sur., and also signed same as No. 41 by chainmen and marker.
Book No. 57. Contract dated May 8, 1843; book certified June 16, 1843, by Alvin Burt, Dep. Sur., and signed also as follows: John S. Byrnes, Elijah Eaton, Isaac H. Vanderburgh, Alvin Fairbrother. Titles not given; probably chainmen and markers.
Book No. 58. Contract same as No. 57; certified same date, and signed by same persons.
Book No. 59. Contract same as No. 57; certified July 31, 1843, and signed by same persons as No. 57 and 58.
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Twp. No. 71_Range No ._ 94.5.P. Men.
Lock bridge
A
A
A
A
D A
A
A
AL
6
4
3
72.85
A
A
A 81.80
H
A
b
12
10
8
A
81.65
I
A
N.
15
18
81.46
K
.
19
20
K
MarsĄ
A
A
8160
A
A
30
89
28
87
26
257
A
81.41
MaisHa?
Marsh City
Bayou
A
A
36
35
-33
34
32
3.1
A
A
A
N
n
0
P
p
Q
R 9
S
Scale 80chain's to I inch.
Surveyed in 1837 by ET Lucas D.S.
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5
79.93
75.00
1-
9
5.63
A
2
A
A
7
3
23
22
2X
A
Très Meridian
cedarte
3
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CHAPTER XI
CEDAR TOWNSHIP
Field Notes of Township No. 71, North of Range No. 9, West of the Fifth Principal Meridian, Wisconsin Territory. Surveyed by E. F. Lucas, commenced August 8, 1837, and completed August 18, 1837.
North Between sections 35 and 36 V 10° 25'
3.69
White Oak 9 inches diameter.
14.16 Lynn 18 inches diameter.
14-50 Leave high land & enter bottom.
29.17 Hackberry 12 inches diameter.
35.60
Cedar Creek 170 links Wide, North East.
.
Bearings : Hickory 14 N 24° W 12. Lynn 10 S 45° E 44.
3.87
Hickory 18 inches diameter.
47.99
Buckeye 10 inches diameter.
50.12
Bur Oak 30 inches diameter.
40.00
59.00 Touched head of Cedar.
Leave bottom and enter Barrens.
70.97
80.00
Bur Oak 30 inches diameter. Set post corner section 23 24 25, 26. Bearings : Bur Oak 12 S 14 W 108. Blk Oak 14 N 30 W 42. North 34° East of the post 10 chains stands a house occupied as a settler, Benjamin Mount. Land-Its appearance is most beau- tiful, but yet it is 2nd rate. Scat- tering timber, gently rolling. No undergrowth, tall grass covers the face of the country.
East
Random between sections 25 and 36 V 10°.
Cedar 180 1k s wide North, bold current, bluff banks.
Cedar 150 1k s wide, South Bluff banks, dull current. Intersect Range line 22 links North of post.
Land 2nd rate, Barrens, thinly tim- bered. W. Oak, Bur Oak, Black Oak, & Undergrowth Hazel Briers Vines. Along the creek grows Birch.
West
Corrected between sections 24 and 25 Var 9° 30'.
45
West
Corrected between sections 25 & 36 Va 9° 50'.
11.39
Hickory 14 inches diameter.
59.951/2
Set quarter section post.
Bearings : Bur Oak 22 N 45° E 39. . Bur Oak 14 S 37° W 55.
79.91
Section Corner.
August 8, 1837.
40.00
Set quarter section post.
North Between sections 25 and 26 Var IO 25'
15.52
W. Oak 15 inches diameter. Set quarter section posts. Bearings : Hickory 20 N 89 W 21. Bur Oak 18 S 65 E 48.
65.00 . 80.00 Set post Cr. section 25 26 35 and 36. Bearings : W Oak 18 S 55° E 8. W Oak 12 S 24° W 31. Land-else than the bottom 2nd rate.
W. Oak, Hickory, Bottom Ist rate, Lynn, Bur Oak, Buckeye, Walnut · & Nettles.
45.25 58.58 79.91
East Random between sections 24 & 25 V IOº
80.20 Intersect Range line 70 Links North of post. Land very hilly, 3rd rate. W. Oak, Blk Oak, Red Oak, Hick- ory, etc.
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HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY
4.20 8.58 White 12 in diameter.
40.10 Set quarter section post. Bearings : W. Oak 14 N 48 W 99. W Oak 20 S 34 E 24.
W. Oak 10 inches diameter.
49.43 80.20 Section corner.
West Corrected between sections 12 and 13.
40.181/2 Set quarter section post in mound in prairie Pit 4 links East. Section Corner.
80.37
August 9, 1837.
North
Between sections 23 and 24 V 10°. Leave timber and enter the Round prairie.
80.00
40.00 Set quarter section post in mound in prairie, Pit 4 links, East, East of this line about the center of section 24 is a large cornfield, but no house, claimed by John Mounts. Set post corners for sections 13, 14 23 24. Land gently rolling, Ist rate, all fit for cultivation. Some Hazel in the timber and Rosin weed, and milk weed in prairie.
East
Set post corner for sections 1, 2, II, 12. Land-first rate, level prairie. Rosin weed, small wire grass, etc. Random between sections 1 & 12 V 9º. House 4 ch South. John Huff a settler-small improvement.
53.00
Leave prairie and enter scattering timber. Intersect Range line 20 links South of post.
East 52.30 80.90
Random between sections 13 and 24. Creek & Links wide, South.
Intersect Range line 40 links north of post. Land gently rolling, first rate, prairie.
West
Corrected between sections I and 12 V 9º 10'.
Vegetation same.
40.25
Set qr. post in mound in prairie Pit 4 links East. Section corner.
West Corrected between sections 13 and 24. Set quarter section post in mound in prairie pit 4 links East.
North 40.00
Between sections 1 and 2 V 9 40'. Set quarter section post in mound in prairie pit 4 links East.
80.90
Section corner.
Intersect North boundary of Town- ship 38 links West of post-set post made mound in prairie Pit 4 links south, cor. for sections I and 2.
80.00
75.00 Between section 13 and 14 V 9 20'. Set quarter section post in mound in prairie. Pit 4 links, East. Set post in mound in prairie Pit 4 links South. Corner for sections 11, 12, 13, 14. Land first rate, level, prairie, Rosin weed. Milk weed, etc.
Land 2nd rate, rolling prairie, Red root, Rosin weed, Mineral weed, small grass, etc. Same spots of small hazel, etc. William G. Coop a settler on the N. E. qr of section one.
Fast
Random between sections 12 & 13 V 90° 12'.
80.37
Intersect Range line 26 links North of post.
00.08 Lynn 8 inches diameter. Set quarter section post.
40.00
Bearings : Hickory 12 S 88 E 3.16. Lynn 9 N 81 E 2.84.
No house or claimant. (21 ch.)
79.40
Cedar East & W.
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80.00
52.25
80.50
Land first half, first rate, rolling prairie-last rolling gently, 2nd rate, thinly timbered, with Jack Oak, Blk Oak, Bur Oak etc. Hazel Briers.
80.50
40.45
North 40.00
North Between sections 34 and 35 V 10 20'.
Land same as on the last north line. South on both sides of the range line is a large field.
North 38.4 40.00 Set quarter section post in mound, prairie Pit 4 links East.
Between sections 11 and 12 V 10°. Trail from S E to N W.
24.00
Blk Oak 14 diameter.
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HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY
80.00 Corner for section 26 27 34 35. Samuel Comas is a settler on the S W qr. of sec 35 his improve- ments is on the N W qr of same. Jacob Wiley a settler on the S E qr of section 34, his improvement on N. E. qr. of same.
On the N E qr of section 35 is a stone quarry on the N bank of Creek, at same place is a good mill site, also a coal Bank, sup- posed to be valuable. Land Ist rate, Timber scattering.
East Random between sections 26 & 35 V 9º 55'. 1.60 Leave Cedar.
5.80
Brook 4 links wide S.
37.60
Ascend high Barrens.
42.00 80.34 Intersect N & S line 4 links South of post.
Land-first 40 ch. is bottom, cov- ered with Plum Haw Thorns Hazel, Briers Vines nettles, etc. Last 35 chains Barrens or thinly timbered, 2nd rate, land. W. Oak, Bur Oak, Blk Oak, Hickory etc.
West Corrected between sections 26 & 35 V 9° 50'.
4-30
Burr Oak 12 inches diameter.
40.17 Set quarter section posts.
Bearings : Hickory 6 S 78 E 25. J Oak 4 N 271/2 W 24.
80.34 Section corner.
North Between sections 26 and 27 Va 10° 10'.
00.48 Leave Cedar creek and rise bluff banks. Descend bluff.
2.50
5.50 Brook 4 links Wide E.
7.50 Ascend hills to Barrens.
Set quarter section posts.
40.00 Bearings : Blk Oak 10 N 58° W 43. Blk Oak 8 S 58 E 50.
Blk Oak 15 inches diameter. W. Oak 18 inches diameter.
54-15 18.48 80.00 Set post Cor. sections 22, 23, 26, 27. Bearings : W. Oak 14 N 441/2 W 67. W Oak 12 S 61/2 E 34. 6.33 Land 2nd rate, open. barrens, W. 41.00 Oak Blk Oak, Red Oak. Hazel Briers, etc. 79.77
P. S. There were no bearings taken at the S end of this line,
the creek has high bluff banks, which will not admit of changing the channel.
East
Random between sections 23 and 24 V 9 55'.
64.41
Brook 4 links wide North.
Intersect North and South line 44 links North of post. Land 2nd rate, open woods.
W. Oak, Red Hickory, Bur Oak etc. no undergrowth.
In places the timber is standing thick, there is no scattering, that is hard to distinguish between timber and prairie.
West Corrected between sections 23 & 26 V 9 35'.
17.20
Bur Oak 10 inches diameter.
27.31 Red Oak 16 inches diameter.
40.03 Set quarter section post.
Bearings : W. Oak 14 N 55 W 24. W Oak 15 S 61/2 W 22.
40.71 Hickory 8 inches diameter.
45.53 Hickory 6 inches diameter.
80.26
Section corner.
North Between sections 22 and 23 Va 9º 50'.
13.63 White Oak 15 inches diameter.
16.40 Brook 5 L. Wide, West.
40.00 Set quarter section post.
Bearings : Bur Oak 18 S 9 E 35. Hickory 15 N 83 W 85.
68.88 Brook 5 links wide, West.
80.00
Set post corner for sections 14, 15 22, 23.
Bearings : Bur Oak 12 S 71 W 2.26. Bur Oak 14 N 89 E 10.40.
Land 2nd rate, rolling land, thinly timbered with W. Oak, Blk Oak, Bur Oak and Hickory, some Hazel.
This land is most beautiful in ap- pearance, it is very alluring to the sight, but upon close inspection does not fill the expectation.
East
Random between sections 14 & 23 V 9º 30'.
Brook 4 L Wide N & S.
Enter prairie.
Intersect North & South line 8 links North of post.
Land first 40 ch rolling, 2nd rate, Bur Oak, W. Oak.
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80.26
Brook 6 links wide S.
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HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY
Last 39, first rate prairie-here it is a hard matter to distinguish prairie from timber.
41.94 43.00
Bur Oak 8 in diameter. Leave scattering timber and enter rolling prairie.
House 4 ch. 50 1ks West occupied by William Williams a setler.
West Corrected between sections 14 and 23 V 9° 25'. 80.00 Set post in mound in prairie pit 4 1ks South, corner sections 2, 3, IO, II.
39.88 Set quarter section post.
Bearings Blk Oak 14 N 81 W 169. Bur Oak 9 S 59 W 1.16.
79.79 Section corner.
August 10th, 1837.
North Between sections 14 & 15 Va 9º 50'
21.35 Bur Oak 6 inches diameter.
27.82
Trail S E & N W.
26.83 .
Bur Oak 12 inches diameter.
79.70
Intersect North and South, line 15 links N of post.
40.00 Set quarter section post.
Bearings : Bur Oak 10 N 7772 E 26. W. Oak 12 S 33 W 47.
Land first rate, rolling prairie, Rosin weed, small wire grass, etc.
42.30 Hickory 8 inches diameter.
West
Corrected between sections 2 and II V 9º 20'.
50.90 Brook 4 links wide, West.
61.25 Bur Oak 8 inches diameter.
39.85 Set quarter section post in mound in prairie Pit 4 links East.
80.00 Set post corner sections 10, 11, 14, 15.
Section corner.
Bearings : Bur Oak 12 N 50 E 43. Bur Oak 14 S 301/2 W 52.
3.90
4.25 Cornfield owned and claimed by George W. Troy, a setler on the S E qr. df section 3. Leave field.
23.80 40.00
Set quarter section post in mound in prairie Pit 4 links East.
75.63
15.50 Leave scattering timber and enter prairie.
79.58 Intersect North & South line 28 1ks N of post.
North
Between section 33 and 34 V 10° 10'.
2.12
W. Oak 14 inches diameter.
14.47 W. Oak 10 inches diameter.
40.00 Set quarter section post. Bearings : W. Oak 20 N 21 E 23. W. Oak 18 S 80 W 33.
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