USA > Illinois > The era of the Civil War, 1848-1870 > Part 44
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The Springfield papers continued their work but seem to have lost much of their ancient prestige, particularly the Register after the withdrawal of Lanphier. The Civil War gave Cairo what had previously been denied to it-pros- perous newspapers with a degree of stability. For a time the democratic Gazette and the Democrat had the field, but in 1864 the former was purchased by a republican company and converted into the Daily News.
In the closing years of the Civil War decade a tendency found expression among republican papers to revolt against the hide-bound allegiance to party which the zeal and trials of early republicanism had established as a tradition. "One of the most disagreeable features of editorial life," complained the editor of the Belleville Advocate, "is the performance of what too many are apt to consider 'duty,' although the term is a misnomer. The party expects its editors to indorse all its actions, to support its nominees, to cover up its frauds and to pervert the aims of its opponents. If the most incompetent men succeed in getting nominated, it matters not; if its con- ventions are managed by cliques, and the voice of the people hushed by pot-house politicians, we are expected to salve their wounds and expatiate on the necessity of accepting the less of two evils, and abiding by the ' regular nomination,' although it may be the greatest irregularity." "In many cases their papers are owned by county clerks, circuit clerks or other men in office who wish to continue their lucrative positions, and the editors are their 'men in bonds.' '' 51 Those country editors who owned their papers were threatened as the price of inde- pendence with the competition of a "new organ" ready to do the bidding of party leaders. Under such a slavery many a republican editor squirmed pitifully.
Democratic journalism was perhaps even less fortunate in its outlook. The party was generally out of power and its leaders shared in little of the spoils of politics; as a result its papers were given little support. In places like Dixon, Lee
51 Belleville Advocate, November 27, 1868; however note the policy of the Chicago Tribune for 1869 for independence of action.
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THE ERA OF THE CIVIL WAR
county, it was "almost dangerous to be called a democrat," and a democratic paper was mobbed there during the canvass of 1868. Editors complained bitterly of this situation ; " There is not a democratic local print in Illinois that is realizing for its publisher more than a hand-to-mouth living," commented the Carthage Republican. As a result, "auxiliary " newspapers with " patent" outside or inside pages were printed in Chicago or St. Louis and sold to country newspapers at a figure below the cost of home production. Ninety-three county papers, mainly democratic organs, secured their inside pages from the "slop shop" of A. N. Kellogg of Chicago, the principal auxiliary publisher in the west. Such a system, attacked by republican editors and by some democrats as "swindling" journalism, probably did not raise the standards of the inde- pendence if it did of the excellence of democratic journalism.
The journalistic development of Illinois is a fair index to the growth of the commonwealth. In 1870 over five hundred newspapers and periodicals were published in the state: 340 political organs pandered to the prejudices of 738,420 sub- scribers; the next largest circulation, that of 671,600, was boasted by a corporal's guard of nine publications of benevo- lent secret societies; fifty-eight illustrated and literary period- icals had a following of 339,625; thirty-seven religious organs reached 300,326 subscribers; while twenty-two commercial and financial, sixteen technical and professional, eleven adver- tising, and ten agricultural journals bespoke the growing pro- fessionalization of every branch of industry. Illinois, there- fore, was not only growing in population, production, com- merce, and wealth, but was also making progress in the realm of refinement, comfort, intellectuality, and religion. "Our civilization, enlightenment and spirituality," boasted a proud editor, "are as progressive as are our elements of commercial and industrial vitality. The school, the church and the arts are doing for the rising generation what energy, practical shrewdness and hard work have done and are doing for the present." 52
62 Aurora Beacon, April 25, 1867.
BIBLIOGRAPHY I MANUSCRIPTS
Mason Brayman manuscripts in Chicago Historical Society autograph collection. A large collection of particular value for railroad build- ing, 1850-1860.
Salmon P. Chase manuscripts in Library of Congress. Contains letters from Jonathan Blanchard, Ichabod Codding, E. B. Washburne, and other Illinoisians.
Thomas Corwin manuscripts in Library of Congress. A dozen letters from Illinoisians, including Richard Yates and S. Lisle Smith.
John J. Crittenden manuscripts in Library of Congress. Several letters from Illinoisians.
J. True Dodge manuscripts in possession of J. True Dodge, Alton, Illi- nois. Consists of several interesting Civil War letters.
Zebina Eastman manuscripts in Chicago Historical Society autograph collection. Correspondence from his associates in the antislavery cause.
Thomas Ewing manuscripts in Library of Congress. A few dozen let- ters from Illinoisians.
Augustus C. French manuscripts in McKendree College library. Several thousand letters from democratic correspondents all over the state ; a very important collection bound in three volumes.
Joseph Gillespie manuscripts in Chicago Historical Society autograph collection. A large and important collection, including letters from Herndon, Bissell, Reynolds, and others.
Illinois Election Statistics manuscripts in the secretary of state's office, Springfield.
Andrew Johnson manuscripts in Library of Congress. A number of Illinoisians represented among Johnson's correspondence.
Gustave Koerner manuscripts. Transcripts in Illinois Historical Survey, University of Illinois. Seven letters from Lincoln, Douglas, and John Hay.
Charles H. Lanphier manuscripts in possession of Mrs. James W. Pat- ton, Springfield, Illinois. A large file of letters written to Lanphier by Douglas.
William R. Lawrence manuscript interview on "That 'Northwestern
459
460
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Confederacy '" in Library of Congress. A description of the north- western conspiracy in 1863-1864.
D. L. Phillips manuscripts in possession of Judson Phillips, Jonesboro, Illinois. Includes letters from Senator Trumbull.
Caleb B. Smith manuscripts in Library of Congress. Letters dated 1849 and 1850 from Justin Butterfield, S. A. Hurlbut, S. Lisle Smith, E. B. Washburne.
W. H. Swift manuscripts, in Chicago Historical Society autograph col- lection. Valuable for transportation history.
Lyman Trumbull manuscripts in Library of Congress. One of the largest and richest collections of Civil War material extant. Includes correspondence from every prominent republican leader in Illinois except Lincoln.
Jonathan B. Turner manuscripts in collections of Illinois Historical Sur- vey. A rich fund for material on the industrial university.
II NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS
For the reconstruction of no period of Illinois history does the newspaper play so important a rôle as for the dozen years before and the decade after the election of Lincoln to the presidency. The files used have been preserved in the Illinois State Historical Library, and in the libraries of the Chicago Historical Society and the University of Illinois besides collections in the Newberry Library in Chicago, the Belleville Public Library, the Jacksonville Public Library, the Joliet Public Library, the Rockford Public Library, Reddick's Library of Ottawa in the possession of the trustees of the Cairo Trust Prop- erty, and in various newspaper offices scattered over the state. For a survey of journalism in Illinois, 1848-1870, see ante pp. 448-458. For a complete bibliography of Illinois newspapers, as well as for additional data on those here listed, see : Scott, Franklin W., News- papers and Periodicals of Illinois, 1814-1879 (Springfield, 1910) [Collections of the Illinois State Historical Library, volume 6].
Alton Courier, 1852-1855, 1858-1859, Alton, Illinois.
Alton Telegraph, 1847-1852, Alton, Illinois.
Alton Truth Seeker, 1848, Alton, Illinois.
Atlantic Monthly, volume 14, 1864, Boston.
Aurora Beacon, 1848-1869, Aurora, Illinois.
Aurora Guardian, 1852-1857, Aurora, Illinois.
Bankers' Magazine, volumes 1-24, 1846-1870, New York.
461
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Beardstown Gazette, 1847-1852, Beardstown, Illinois. Belleville Advocate, 1841, 1846-1869, Belleville, Illinois. Belleville Democrat, 1858-1869, Belleville, Illinois. Bloomington Pantagraph, 1854, Bloomington, Illinois. Cairo City Times, 1854-1855, Cairo, Illinois. Cairo Daily News, 1863-1865, Cairo, Illinois. Cairo Democrat, 1863-1868, Cairo, Illinois. Cairo Evening Bulletin, 1869, Cairo, Illinois. Cairo Gazette, 1859-1863, Cairo, Illinois. Cairo Journal, 1857-1858, Cairo, Illinois. Cairo Sun, 1851-1852, Cairo, Illinois. Cairo Times and Delta, 1855-1858, Cairo, Illinois. Cairo Weekly Delta, 1848-1849, Cairo, Illinois. Cairo Weekly Democrat, 1863-1865, Cairo, Illinois. Cairo Weekly Times and Delta, 1857-1858, Cairo, Illinois. Canton Weekly Register, 1852-1868, Canton, Illinois.
Carlinville Democrat, 1868, Carlinville, Illinois. Carthage Republican, 1863-1870, Carthage, Illinois. Central Illinois Gazette, 1858-1861, 1864-1866, Champaign, Illinois.
Champaign County Democrat, 1862, Urbana, Illinois. Champaign County Patriot, 1862-1865, Urbana, Illinois.
Champaign County Union and Gazette, 1861-1870, Champaign, Illinois. Chester Picket Guard. See Picket Guard. Chicago American, 1840, Chicago, Illinois.
Chicago Daily Commercial Advertiser, 1849-1851, Chicago, Illinois. Chicago Daily Democratic Press, 1852-1858, 1865, Chicago, Illinois.
Chicago Daily Journal, 1847-1852, Chicago, Illinois. Chicago Daily Times, 1854-1860, Chicago, Illinois.
Chicago Democrat, 1847-1861, Chicago, Illinois.
Chicago Evening Journal, 1862, 1865-1866, Chicago, Illinois. Chicago Morning Post, 1862-1864. Became Chicago Evening Post,
1865-1867, Chicago, Illinois.
Chicago Press and Tribune, 1857-1860, Chicago, Illinois. Chicago Record, 1857-1858. Became Church Record, 1858-1862, Chi- cago, Illinois.
Chicago Times, 1857-1870, Chicago, Illinois.
Chicago Tribune, 1860-1870, Chicago, Illinois. Church Record. See Chicago Record. The Crisis, 1861-1866, Columbus, Ohio.
Daily Constitutionist, 1852-1855, Jacksonville, Illinois.
Daily Springfield Republican, 1857, Springfield, Illinois.
462
BIBLIOGRAPHY
DeBow's Review and Industrial Resources, Statistics, etc., volumes 9-24, 1847-1862, New Orleans, Louisiana.
Democratic Review, volumes 30-31, 1852, New York.
Du Quoin Recorder, 1866, Du Quoin, Illinois.
Du Quoin Tribune, 1868-1870, Du Quoin, Illinois.
Free West, 1853-1855, Chicago, Illinois.
Gem of the Prairie, 1847-1849, Chicago, Illinois.
Harper's New Monthly Magazine, volumes 1-42, 1850-1870, New York.
Harper's Weekly; a journal of civilization, volumes 1-14, 1857-1870, New York.
Hunt's Merchants' Magazine. See Merchants' Magazine.
Illinois Democrat, 1861-1862, 1867-1868, Champaign, Illinois.
Illinois Globe, 1849, Charleston, Illinois.
Illinois Journal, 1847-1855. Became Illinois State Journal, 1855-1870, Springfield, Illinois.
Illinois Organ, 1848-1851, Springfield, Illinois.
Illinois Republican, 1849-1852, Belleville, Illinois.
Illinois Staats-Zeitung, 1848-1870, Chicago, Illinois.
Illinois State Register, 1847-1870, Springfield, Illinois.
Illinois Teacher, volumes 1-18, 1855-1872, Peoria, Illinois.
Jacksonville Constitutionist, 1852, Jacksonville, Illinois.
Jacksonville Journal, 1861-1871, Jacksonville, Illinois. Joliet Republican, 1867-1869, Joliet, Illinois.
Joliet Signal, 1846-1870, Joliet, Illinois.
Jonesboro Gazette, 1851, 1861-1870, Jonesboro, Illinois.
Merchants' Magazine and Commercial Review, conducted by Freeman Hunt, volumes 18-63, 1848-1870, New York.
Mississippi Blätter, 1862-1869, St. Louis, Missouri.
Morgan Journal, 1850-1854, Jacksonville, Illinois. Mound City Emporium, 1857-1859, Mound City, Illinois. The Nation, volumes 1-11, 1865-1870, New York.
National Live-Stock Journal, volume 1, 1870-1871, Chicago, Illinois.
Ottawa Free Trader, 1850-1872, Ottawa, Illinois.
Ottawa Weekly Republican, 1854-1870, Ottawa, Illinois.
Our Constitution, 1856-1859, Urbana, Illinois. Paxton Record, 1865-1870, Paxton, Illinois.
Peoria Transcript, 1861, Peoria, Illinois.
Peru Daily Chronicle, 1853-1854, Peru, Illinois.
Picket Guard, 1865-1866, Chester, Illinois.
Prairie Farmer, 1848-1850, 1853-1855, 1861, 1863, 1864, 1866-1870, Chicago, Illinois.
.
463
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Presbytery Reporter, volumes 3-6, 1856-1860, Alton ; 1860-1871, Chicago and Alton, Illinois.
Quincy Weekly Herald, 1854-1855, Quincy, Illinois.
Quincy Whig, 1848-1870, Quincy, Illinois.
Rockford Democrat, 1864, 1865, Rockford, Illinois.
Rockford Forum, 1848-1854, Rockford, Illinois.
Rockford Gazette, 1866-1870, Rockford, Illinois.
Rockford Register, 1856-1867, Rockford, Illinois.
Rockford Republican, 1855-1865, Rockford, Illinois.
Rock River Democrat, 1852-1865, Rockford, Illinois.
Rushville Times, 1856-1858, 1868-1870, Rushville, Illinois.
Sangamo Journal, 1847, Springfield, Illinois. In the fall of 1848 it be- came the Illinois Journal.
Scientific American, volume 9, 1853-1854, New York.
St. Clair Tribune, 1854-1857, Belleville, Illinois.
Star of Egypt, 1858, Belleville, Illinois.
Southern Illinois Advocate, 1849, Shawneetown, Illinois.
Urbana Clarion, October 29, 1859, Urbana, Illinois.
Urbana Union, 1854-1858, Urbana, Illinois.
Washington Union, 1848-1860, Washington, D. C.
Western Agriculturist, volumes 6, 9-20, 1874, 1877-1888, Quincy, Illi- nois.
Western Citizen, 1848-1853, continued as Free West.
Western Journal of Agriculture, Manufactures, Mechanics, Arts, In- ternal Improvement, Commerce, and General Literature, 1848- 1851, 5 volumes, St. Louis, Missouri.
Western Manufacturer, volumes 6-7, 1879-1880, Chicago, Illinois.
Miscellaneous Illinois newspapers, 1846-1871, Illinois Historical Survey.
III
FEDERAL AND STATE DOCUMENTS
ILLINOIS
Adjutant General of Illinois, Report, volumes 1-8, 1861-1866 (Spring- field, 1900-1902).
Blue Book of the State of Illinois, 1909. Compiled by James A. Rose, Secretary of State (Danville, 1909).
Journal of the Convention, Assembled at Springfield, June 7, 1847, in Pursuance of an Act of the General Assembly of the State of Illinois
464
BIBLIOGRAPHY
. . . for the Purpose of Altering, Amending, or Revising the Con- stitution of the State of Illinois (Springfield, 1847).
Journal of the Constitutional Convention of the State of Illinois, Con- vened at Springfield, January 7, 1862 (Springfield, 1862).
Journal of the Constitutional Convention of the State of Illinois, Con- vened at Springfield, December 13, 1869 (Springfield, 1870).
Journal of the House of Representatives of the State of Illinois, 1849- 1869 (Springfield, 1849-1869).
Journal of the Senate of the State of Illinois, 1849-1869 (Springfield, 1849-1869).
[Law] Reports. Reports of Cases at Common Law and in Chancery, argued and determined in the Supreme Court of the State of Illi- nois, volumes 5-10 by Charles Gilman (Chicago, 1886-1888), vol- umes 11-30 by E. Peck (Chicago, 1870-1886), volumes 31-151 by Norman L. Freeman (Chicago, 1866-1886; Springfield, 1870- 1894).
Laws of the State of Illinois, 1849-1869 (Springfield, 1849-1869).
Reports made to the Senate and House of Representatives of the State of Illinois, 1849-1869 (Springfield, 1849-1869) [cited as Reports Gen- eral Assembly].
Superintendent of Public Instruction of the State of Illinois, Biennial Re- ports, 1850-1886, volumes 1-36 (Springfield, 1851-1887).
UNITED STATES
Agriculture of the United States in 1860; compiled from the original re- turns of the Eighth Census (Washington, 1864).
Congressional Globe ... containing sketches of the debates and pro- ceedings of . . . congress, volumes 17-42 (Washington, 1848- 1870).
Executive Documents of the House of Representatives (Washington, 1853-1870).
Journal of the House of Representatives of the United States (Washing- ton, 1848-1870).
Journal of the Senate of the United States of America (Washington, 1848-1870).
Manufactures of the United States in 1860; compiled from the original returns of the Eighth Census (Washington, 1865).
Population of the United States in 1860; compiled from the original re- turns of the Eighth Census (Washington, 1864).
Reports of the Commissioner of Agriculture, 1848-1870 (Washington, 1848-1870).
465
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Richardson, James D. (compiler), A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents, 1789-1897, 10 volumes (Washington, 1896-1899).
Senate Executive Documents (Washington, 1848-1870).
Seventh Census of the United States: 1850. Embracing a statistical view of each of the states and territories (Washington, 1853).
Statistics of the Population of the United States, embracing the tables of race, nationality, sex, selected ages, and occupations; compiled from the original returns of the Ninth Census (Washington, 1872). Statistics of the Wealth and Industry of the United States, embracing the tables of wealth, taxation, and public indebtedness; of agriculture; manufactures; mining; and the fisheries. Compiled from the original returns of the Ninth Census (Washington, 1872).
Statistics of the United States (including mortality, property, &c.) in 1860; compiled from the original returns and being the final exhibit of the Eighth Census (Washington, 1866).
Statutes at Large and Treaties of the United States of America, volumes 9-16 (Boston, 1851-1871).
United States Patent Office, Annual Report of the Commissioner of Patents, 1861 (Washington, D. C.).
Vital Statistics of the United States, embracing the tables of deaths, births, sex, and age; compiled from the original returns of the Ninth Census (Washington, 1872).
War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Published under the direction of the Hon. Elihu Root, Secretary of War, by Brig. Gen. Fred C. Ainsworth, Chief of the Record and Pension Office, War Depart- ment, and Mr. Joseph W. Kirkley, series I, 53 volumes, series II, 8 volumes, series III, 5 volumes, series IV, 3 volumes, index, I vol- ume (Washington, 1881-1901).
IV CONTEMPORARY ACCOUNTS
An Appeal to Congress by the Citizens of Rock Island and Moline, Illinois, and Davenport, Iowa, in favor of a National Armory on the Site of Fort Armstrong, on the Island of Rock Island, Illinois, 1861.
Annual Review of the Trade and Commerce of Chicago for 1870 (Chi- cago, 1870).
466
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ayer, I. Winslow, The Great Treason Plot in the North during the war. Most dangerous, perfidious, extensive and startling plot ever devised! Imminent hidden perils of the republic. Astounding de- velopments never before published . . . . (Chicago, 1865).
Bailey, John C. W., Illinois State Gazetteer and Business Directory, for the years 1864-5, embracing descriptive sketches of all the cities, towns and villages throughout the state (Chicago, 1864).
Board of Trade of Peoria, Fourth Annual Report of the Trade and Commerce of the City of Peoria for the Year ending December 31, 1873 (Peoria, 1874).
Breese, Judge Sidney, "Some Old Letters" [Letters from correspondents of Judge Breese], Illinois Historical Society, Journal, volume 2 (Springfield, 1909).
Chicago Board of Trade Report, 1858-1875 (Chicago, 1859-1876).
Chamberlin, Everett, Chicago and its Suburbs (Chicago, 1874).
City of Quincy, Illinois, Its Trade and Manufactures (Quincy, 1881). Colby, Charles, Hand-Book of Illinois, accompanying Morse's new map of the state (New York, 1855).
Doolittle, James Rood, "Gleanings from the Private Letters and Docu- ments of a Senator of the Civil War Period," Illinois State His- torical Society, Journal, volume 4 (Springfield, 1911).
Dwyer, James T., "Manufactures in Illinois," Department of Agricul- ture of Illinois, Transactions, volume 9 (Springfield, 1872).
Eastman, Zebina, History of Anti-Slavery Agitation in Illinois (Chicago, n. d.).
Eddy, T. M., The Patriotism of Illinois. A record of the civil and mili- tary history of the state in the war for the Union, with a history of the campaigns in which Illinois soldiers have been conspicuous . . . 2 volumes (Chicago, 1865).
Exhibits and proof of the Illinois war claim and laws in reference to the same. H. J. Hamlin, attorney general, solicitor for claimant (Springfield, 1902).
Forney, John W., Anecdotes of Public Men (New York, 1873-1881).
French, Governor A. C., "Letter of Governor A. C. French to Professor
J. B. Turner in Regard to the Affairs for the Hospital for the Insane." Illinois State Historical Society, Journal, volume 3 (Springfield, 1912).
Greene, Evarts Boutell, and Charles Manfred Thompson, Governors' Letter-Books, 1840-1853 (Springfield, 1911) [Collections of the Illinois State'Historical Library, volume 7].
Greeley, Horace, and John F. Cleveland, A Political Text-Book for 1860. Comprising a brief view of presidential nominations and
467
BIBLIOGRAPHY
elections: including all the national platforms ever yet adopted : also, a history of the struggle respecting slavery in the territories, and of the action of Congress as to the freedom of the public lands, with the most notable speeches and letters . .. (New York, 1860).
Halstead, Murat, Caucuses of 1860. A history of the National Political Conventions of the current presidential campaign being a complete record of the business of all the conventions (Columbus, 1860).
History of Springfield, Illinois. Its attractions as a home and advantages for business, manufacturing, etc. (Springfield, 1871).
Howe, S. F., Yearbook of Chicago (n. p., 1885-1886).
Illinois State Agricultural Society, Transactions, see Transactions.
Jones, John, The Black Laws of Illinois and a few reasons why they should be repealed (Chicago, 1864).
Kelley, O. H., Origin and Progress of the Order of Patrons of Hus- bandry in the United States; a History from 1866 to 1873 (Phila- delphia, 1875).
Lincoln, Abraham, The Writings of Abraham Lincoln, federal edition, 8 volumes (New York, 1905-1906).
Lincoln-Douglas Debates, see Political Debates.
Lincoln-Douglas Debates of 1858, edited by Edwin Erle Sparks (Spring- field, Illinois, 1908) [Collections of the Illinois State Historical Library, volume 3].
The Logan Monument Memorial. Edited by George Francis James (Chicago, 1898).
McPherson, Edward, Political History of the United States of America, during the Great Rebellion (Washington, 1876).
Minutes of the Annual Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1846-1869 (New York, 1856-1869).
Moore, Frank (ed.), The Rebellion Record: A diary of American events, with documents, narratives, illustrations, incidents, poetry, etc., 7 volumes (New York, 1862-1864).
Norton, W. T., Resources of Alton in 1873 (Alton, 1874).
Political debates between Hon. Abraham Lincoln and Hon. Stephen A. Douglas in the celebrated campaign of 1858, in Illinois; including the preceding speeches of each, at Chicago, Springfield, etc .; also, the two great speeches of Mr. Lincoln in Ohio, in 1859, as carefully prepared by the reporters of each party, and published at the times of their delivery (Columbus, 1860).
Printer's Scrap Book, 1846-1853, in Shurtleff College library.
Poor, H. V., Manual of Railroads of the United States, 1869-1870 (New York, 1870).
468
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Proceedings of the National Union Republican Convention, held at Chicago, May 20 and 21, 1868 (Chicago, 1868).
Review of the Commerce of Chicago: Her Merchants and Manufactures (Chicago, 1856).
Shuman, Andrew, to James R. Doolittle, August 13, 1862, Illinois State Historical Society, Journal, volume 8 (Springfield, 1915-1916).
Tracy, Gilbert A., Uncollected Letters of Abraham Lincoln Now First Brought Together (Boston and New York, 1917).
Transactions of the Illinois State Agricultural Society, with notices and proceedings of county societies and kindred associations, volumes 1-8 (Springfield, 1856-1871).
Tribune Almanac for the years 1838 to 1868, inclusive; comprehending The Politicians' Register and The Whig Almanac, containing annual election returns by states and counties . together with political essays, addresses, party platforms, &c. . ... (New York, 1868). Trumbull, Lyman, "A Statesman's Letters of the Civil War Period" [Letters of Lyman Trumbull to James R. Doolittle], Illinois State Historical Society, Journal, volume 2 (Springfield, 1909).
Turner, Jonathan B., A Plan for an Industrial University for the State of Illinois. Submitted to the Farmers' Convention at Granville, held November 18, 1851 (n. p., 1851).
United States Sanitary Commission; Financial Report of the United States Sanitary Commission, from June, 1861, to October 1, 1864 (n. p., 1864) [number 83].
United States Sanitary Commission, Statement of Objects and Methods of the Sanitary Commission, Appointed by the Government of the United States, June 13, 1861 (New York, 1863) [number 69].
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