USA > Indiana > Allen County > Fort Wayne > The pictorial history of Fort Wayne, Indiana : a review of two centuries of occupation of the region about the head of the Maumee River, Vol. I > Part 35
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On the appointed day, the citizens, enthusiastic in the realization that a great work was at last to find accomplishment, gathered at the court house square and formed in procession to march to the spot selected for the ceremony-the site of the junction of the feeder canal and the main waterway, now marked by the crossing of the Nickel Plate and the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern railways, near the Wayne Knitting Mills. Heading the parade was a "mili- tary" band of two members, followed by the members of the canal commission, and the president and secretary of the meeting. Next came the bearer of the national colors, the members of the com- mittee on arrangements, "visitors and strangers," and citizens generally.
Arriving at the scene of the ceremony the people gathered in a circle and listened to an eloquent and patriotic address by Charles
Fort Wayne Fely 13th 183.
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9.53
A "COUNTY SEMINARY" RECEIPT FOR TUITION.
The "County Seminary," established by the levying of a regular tax at the time of the formation of Allen county, was opened on the site of the present county jail. John P. Hedges was the first teacher, succeeded, in 1832, by Jesse A. Aughinbaugh. A receipt of tuition, loaned by Mrs. Laura G. Detzer and here reproduced, was issued by Mr. Aughinbaugh to Captain Joseph Brackenridge, register of the land office, for the schooling of Joseph Brackenridge and George W. Brackenridge, sons, and Robert Brackenridge, a nephew. George W. Bracken- ridge was at that time eight years of age. All became prominent in the later history of Fort Wayne. The receipt, it will be noted, includes charges for stove rent and fuel.
306
THE PICTORIAL HISTORY OF FORT WAYNE
W. Ewing. Jordan Vigus, one of the canal commissioners, then spoke of the difficulties and embarrassments of the project which had been overcome. He concluded with the words, "I am now about to commence the Wabash and Erie canal, in the name and by the authority of the state of Indiana." He then thrust his spade into the soil, amid the prolonged cheers of the crowd. Judge Hanna, Captain Elias Murray, of Huntington, and others threw out each a spadeful and then the parade formed for its return to town. In the evening a spectacular parade and bonfire, together with the general illumination of the homes and business buildings by the placing of candles in the windows, brought the memorable day to a close. A feature of the night demonstration was a float representing a canal boat beautifully illuminated, the work of the late Louis Peltier.
The official proceedings of the day were recorded in the Cass County (Logansport, Indiana) Times, of March 1, 1832.
In June, the canal commissioners let the first contracts, for a strip of fifteen miles, and in the fall four miles more, including the feeder dam, were put under contract. Work costing $4,180 was finished before the close of the year.
The opening of the canal land office in Fort Wayne in October, 1832, for the sale of the lands, granted by the government along the route of the waterway, attracted purchasers in large numbers. The government appointed Major Samuel Lewis to the position of land commissioner, which place he held for a period of ten years.
The government's minimum price of $2.50 per acre for land had been doubled since Barr and McCorkle purchased the original plat. In 1832 Colonel John Spencer succeeded Jonathan McCarthy as receiver of the government general land office, and he held the place until 1837. Colonel Spencer was succeeded in turn by Daniel Reid, Major Samuel Lewis and I. D. G. Nelson, and during this period the following registers served: James W. Borden, William Polk and W. S. Edsall. When Colonel Spencer took possession of the office there were but 222 entries of sales, and the receipts amounted to about $100,000. During the years 1835 to 1837, under the impulse of the canal "boom," the increase was of immense pro- portions. In one period of eight months the sales amounted to $1,620,637, and in one year's period to over $2,000,000. Colonel Spencer was a native of Kentucky, where he was born in 1797. He become prominent in the affairs of Fort Wayne.
1
In May, 1833, the contract for the remaining thirteen miles of the summit level of the canal was let. One of the most important problems of the enterprise was solved in the construction of the feeder canal. The supply of water conveyed through its channel was necessary to provide for that section of the waterway which passed through Fort Wayne. Here the altitude was 197 feet above the mouth of the Maumee river. Water from this feeder canal also provided the contents of the Six-Mile reservoir in Paulding county, Ohio, a necessary equipment for the eastern end of the canal.
The feeder canal, now in a state of disuse (although for many years, and until about the year 1909, it supplied water power for corporations operating the city electric lighting plants) entered the town from the north, paralleling the St. Joseph river. Inter- secting Wells street, a short distance north of Sixth street, it ex-
307
CANAL CONSTRUCTION-FIRST NEWSPAPER
1832 1834
tended southwesterly through Bloomingdale and Nebraska districts, and connected with the Wabash and Erie canal west of the town, near the present Wayne Knitting Mills.
The construction work brought hundreds of men to the bustling town. A large portion of the workingmen were Irish immigrants. Many of these Irishmen and their descendants rose to higher posi- tions in every line of endeavor; today the foreign-born construction workers are almost entirely from southern Europe.
THE FIRST CANAL BOAT RIDE.
Says the late D. H. Colerick :
"In the spring of 1834, the feeder canal being finished from the feeder dam [near the present Robison park] to the town, and the water having been let in in the month of June, all were regret- ting that there was no boat with which to have a ride on the ap- proaching Fourth of July. Then the indefatigable F. P. Tinkham, seeing the situation, went to the woods and cut down the trees with which to make the hull of the boat, and in two weeks' time, he had a staunch craft completed and afloat, and on the morning of the glorious Fourth the entire population embarked thereon and pro- ceeded to the feeder dam, five miles distant, where, after spending
DR. MERCHANT W. HUXFORD.
Dr. Huxford was Fort Wayne's first druggist. He served as mayor of the city for three terms, beginning in 1846. Born at Conway, Mass., in 1798, Dr. Huxford came to Fort Wayne in 1833. from St. Mary's, Ohio. He practiced medicine and opened a drug store at the corner of Columbia and Barr streets. Dr. Huxford was once the owner of the tract now known as Lawton park; the purchase was made from James Hackley and his wife-the latter the daughter of Captain William Wells-and the lands extended eastward as far as the St. Joseph river. The portrait is from a photograph by Andrews & Conklin, of Fort Wayne, loaned by Mrs. Frances Baldwin, a daughter of the subject. subject.
LUCIEN P. FERRY.
Although he died at the early age of thirty-three, Lucien P. Ferry had attain- ed a high rank among the members of the legal fraternity of Indiana. He came to Fort Wayne from Monroe, Michigan, in 1831, and rose to political positions of importance. The father of Mr. Ferry was Peter Pyre de Ferry, a native of Provence, France, who served as a chief of battalion under Napoleon Bonaparte and fled to America as a peasant upon the banishment of the emperor. The grandfather of Lucien P. Ferry (Rene de Ferry) had the honor of naming Lu- cien Bonaparte. A brother of Lucien P. Ferry, Elisha P. Ferry, also a resident of Fort Wayne, became the territorial gov- ernor and the first state governor of Washington. The portrait of Lucien P. Ferry is from a photograph of a painting by Rockwell, of New York. The original painting was destroyed by fire some time ago.
308
THE PICTORIAL HISTORY OF FORT WAYNE
the day in eating, drinking and making merry, all returned to their homes, well pleased with the day's doings and feeling themselves under great obligations to Mr. Tinkham for the first ride on the canal."
FORT WAYNE'S FIRST NEWSPAPER.
In the midst of this period of activity appeared Fort Wayne's first newspaper, the Sentinel.
Smalwood Noel's son-S. V. B. Noel-was living at Indianapolis in January, 1833, when the citizens of Fort Wayne decided to invite him and Thomas Tigar, also of Indianapolis, to remove to Fort Wayne and to embark in the publication of a newspaper. This
MARYLAND, VIRGINIA,
NORTH CAROLINA, SOUTH CAROLINA,
GEORGIA, ALABAMA,
MISSISSIPPI, LOUISIANA,
PENNSYLVANIA,
DELAWARE,
Miss Susan Grank -
KENTUCKY
TENNESSEE,
NEW YORK,
NEW JERSEY,
The honor of your Company is respectfully solicited at a CELEBRATION OF THE 58th ANNIVERSARY OF AMERICAN INDEPENENCE, in the Town of FORT, WAYNE. It isexpected that you will represent the State of
INDIANA
LOTHO
RHODE ISLAND,
CONNECTICUT,
ROBERT A. HANKS.
J. R. EBBERT,
1
S. V. B. NOEL,
JOHN JEFFCOAT.
Committee.
VERMONT,
JOS. JOHNSTON,
7. HENDERSON,
J. H. KINCAID,
* It is expected that the dress of the Ladies will be WHITE
NEW HAMPSHIRE,
Florida.
Arkansas,
TIGAR & NOEL, Printers, Fort Wayne
A FOURTH OF JULY INVITATION OF 1834.
The above is a photographic reproduction of an invitation issued by the Fourth of July committee of 1834 to Miss Susan Clark, asking her to represent the state of New York in the parade of the Independence day celebration. Susan Clark, who was at that time nineteen years of age, became Mrs. Samuel S. Morss, whose death occurred in Fort Wayne in 1905, in the ninety-second year of her age. The original copy of the invitation was loaned by Mrs. Isaac d'Isay, daughter of Mrs. Morss.
ILLINOIS,
MASSACHUSETTS,
and move in Procession to au adjotting Grova where the Declaration of Independence will' be read and an Oration delivered, and partake of a Dinner pre-" pared for the occasion.
UR
MICHIGAN,
MAINE,
1
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1832 1834 CANAL CONSTRUCTION-FIRST NEWSPAPER
invitation was in the form of an agreement drawn up by Henry Rudisill and bearing the signatures of Mr. Rudisill, Dr. Lewis G. Thompson, Joseph Holman, C. W. Ewing, Allen Hamilton and Fran- cis Comparet, which arranged for the payment to Noel and Tigar the sum of $500 with which to purchase a press. The subscribers, however, were "to hold the press if said Tigar and Noel should fail to pay within a year."
The Indianapolis newspaper men came in response to the agree- ment, but, for some reason, they found it convenient to relieve the cautious citizens of any anxious fears by declining the proffered loan.
A second-hand Washington hand press, which had been used by Douglas and McGuire in the printing of the Indiana State Journal at Indianapolis, was purchased, and this press, with other items of office equipment, was brought to Fort Wayne with much difficulty, six days being required to transport the load over muddy roads and across swollen streams on rafts. The outfit was landed in safety and the work of fitting up an office on West Columbia street- opposite the present Wayne hotel-was begun in June. On the 6th of July, the waiting citizens were given the new and thrilling ex- perience of reading the news from their home paper, fresh from the press. The first printed matter to be put into type in the Sentinel office was the Declaration of Independence, and the first editorial detailed the account of the Fourth of July celebration of 1833, on which occasion the oration was delivered by Hugh McCulloch, and the Declaration of Independence was read by William M. McCarty.
The publishers of the Sentinel during these first years received with gladness the newspapers from Detroit and Cincinnati, for these were their chief source of "telegraphic" news.
Thomas Tigar, the pioneer editor of Fort Wayne, was a native of Beverly, Yorkshire, England, where he was born in 1807. He came to America in 1826, having already reached proficiency in the printing business. From Ashtabula, Ohio, he went to Indianapolis, where he met S. V. B. Noel, also a printer, and the two decided upon the newspaper venture at Fort Wayne. Mr. Noel, who was a whig, retired from connection with the paper about a year after its estab- lishment, but Mr. Tigar remained with the enterprise until 1865, except for a period of four years, when its management passed to other hands. In politics Mr. Tigar was a democrat and a writer of force. His death occurred in 1875.
Later owners of the Sentinel (also the Democrat, by which name it was known for a portion of the time) were George W. Wood, I. D. G. Nelson, W. H. Dills, I. W. Campbell, G. W. G. Riley, John E. Neff, William Fleming, R. G. Dumm, A. H. Hamilton, R. C. Bell, F. Wolke, William R. Nelson, Samuel E. Morss and E. A. K. Hackett. Mr. Morss and Mr. Nelson, after their newspaper experience in Fort Wayne, founded the Kansas City (Missouri) Star. Mr. Morss re- tired on account of failing health and in 1888 bought the Indian- apolis Sentinel. Because of his vigorous support of Grover Cleve- land for the presidency through the columns of his newspaper and on the floor of the Chicago national convention, as well as in recogni- tion of his familiarity with foreign affairs gathered during a sojourn in Europe, President Cleveland appointed Mr. Morss consul general
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THE PICTORIAL HISTORY OF FORT WAYNE
at Paris. It is of interest to note that at this time Mr. Morss was given his choice of the consulship or a portfolio in the president's cabinet. Mr. Nelson died in 1916.
The early files of the Sentinel were destroyed. As far as known. the oldest copy of the paper in existence, and from which the accom- panying notes are taken, is dated Saturday, June 14, 1834. It is a five-column, four-page sheet. Most of the news is from Washington and foreign cities. Among the local items is a notice of the progress of the work on the canal and of the steps to organize the first military company to be known as the Fort Wayne Light Infantry. Among the advertisers are the following: Lucien P. Ferry, attorney-at-law, whose yoke of oxen ("one a dark red, rather tall, horns stag-like; the other a light or yellowish red, low set, horns sitting back") had strayed away eight months before; David Coles, who wanted to sell
MICHAEL HEDEKIN.
In 1834 Michael Hedekin, a native of County Westmeath, Ireland, located at Fort Wayne. In 1843 and 1844 he erect- ed the famous Hedekin house, on Barr street. between Columbia and Berry streets: it is yet a substantial structure. In 1846 the tavern was opened, with Cal- vin Anderson as landlord. The portrait is from a photograph loaned by a grand- daughter, Miss Katherine Macdougal.
JUDGE REUBEN J. DAWSON.
In May, 1832, with the appointment of his brother-in-law, Colonel John Spencer, as receiver of public moneys at Fort Wayne, Reuben J. Dawson came to this city, where he resided until 1841, at which time he removed to DeKalb county. He platted the town of Spencerville, at which place his death occurred in 1859. He served in both branches of the legis- lature. In 1858 he was appointed judge of the circuit court.
his mill on the Maumee; J. A. Aughinbaugh and Company, druggists ; Patrick Brady, whose horse had strayed; Thomas L. Yates, administra- tor of the estate of James Saunders ; John B. Dubois and John Edsall, who were dissolving partnership in the tailoring business; Isaac Spen- cer, who had bought the dry goods and grocery store of Henry Rudisill ; Daniels & Jackson, groceries, boots and shoes; F. P. Tinkham, F. R. Ebbert and J. Rhinehart, cabinetmakers ; Thomas Johnson, attorney ; Henry Work and Isaac Cron, tanners, hide-buyers and shoemakers ; Samuel Edsall, carpenter and joiner; W. G. & G. W. Ewing, storage and commission ; Comparet & Coquillard, brewers of "good strong beer"; T. Pritchard, grocer and buyer of old brass and copper (reading room in connection) ; St. Joseph Iron Works, A. M. Hurd, proprietor, manufacturers of tin, copper and sheet iron ware, and Samuel and Hugh Hanna, storage and commission. Legal notices,
311
CANAL CONSTRUCTION-FIRST NEWSPAPER
1832 1834
rewards for the arrest of jail breakers and for the return of lost animals occupy most of the remaining space in the publication. An issue of the paper, published in August of the same year, mentions the following persons and concerns: Rumsey & Stophlet, F. D. Lasselle, Henderson & Kincaid, Jacob Cox, saddlery, and Matthew Griggs, real estate. The total vote of Allen county was given as 358 in 1834.
HUGH McCULLOCH.
Hugh McCulloch, then a young man of twenty-five years, who had ridden his horse into the settlement of Fort Wayne on June 26, 1833, became known in after years throughout America and Europe as a leading authority on banking methods and national financial policies.
Mr. McCulloch rose from the obscurity of a small country law- yer and banker to the position of the first controller of the currency of the United States, and as secretary of the treasury-serving under three presidents.
He came west in 1833. Dr. Lewis G. Thompson, whom he met at South Bend,, induced him to locate at Fort Wayne.
Of his impressions of the town at that time, Mr. McCulloch writes in his "Men and Measures of Half a Century," published in 1888 :
"Fort Wayne was about as uninviting in every respect except its site as any of the towns through which I had passed, but it proved to be the end of my journey, which had been long and solitary, though by no means lonesome and tedious. * *
* Uninviting as Fort Wayne was in many respects, it was fortunate in the character of its first settlers-intelligent, far-seeing, wideawake men."
Eight days after his arrival Mr. McCulloch, while delivering an oration on the Fourth of July, was seized with a chill, which was followed by an illness from which he did not recover until October. "As soon as I was able to be on my feet, although little better than a skeleton," he writes, "I took possession of a ten-by-twelve office which Dr. Thompson had built for me, and hung out my shingle as an attorney-at-law. I had not long to wait for clients." His law practice, however, was short-lived, for, within two years, he was to enter upon his career as a banker and an important figure in the national government. The legislature granted the charter of the State Bank of Indiana in 1833, and the Fort Wayne branch, of which Mr. McCulloch was chosen to be the cashier, was established in 1835. (See Chapter XXVI.)
THE FIRST SUNDAY SCHOOL.
The first Sunday school in Fort Wayne was established in 1832 by James Hanna, of Dayton, Ohio, while on a visit with his son, Judge Samuel Hanna.
THE FIRST FIRE COMPANY AND EQUIPMENT.
The first step toward the organization of a fire department in Fort Wayne was taken March 1, 1833, when the following petition was presented to the town trustees, bearing the signatures of James Barnett, Samuel Edsall, William N. Hood, Dr. L. G. Thompson, Henry Rudisill, James Daniels, Joseph Morgan, David Rankin, John
312
THE PICTORIAL HISTORY OF FORT WAYNE
Forsythe, William H. Henderson, Zenas Henderson, J. B. Bequette, W. C. Porter and Lewis Armstrong :
"To the President and Trustees of the Fort Wayne Corporation : The citizens of the town and corporation of Fort Wayne request your body to take into consideration the propriety of procuring hooks and ladders in order to guard against fire, and also to take into consideration the propriety of compelling each owner of a house within the corporation to procure a fire bucket, and, as in duty bound, will ever pray, etc."
In pursuance of the terms of this request, the trustees imme- diately authorized the formation of the "Fort Wayne Fire Com-
Mr. A Mrs. Food Fort Wayne June 1th 1832
Capt. Murray & Jef Virwilgen have got their
provisions and about a Dozen Hands enga ges to begin their work on the Canal. I suppose. They intend to Commence next week. I shall therefore have tone- turn to Fort Wayne some earlier than Iexpected. I have been quite unlucky this year in The way of corn raising. An. uncommon heavy rain fill here friday of Saturday week which raised the Matauch over my Corn and has stand on so long that it has killed 1/2 of my Prairie field This was more the hity as it Stard better than the rest of the corriground and would otherwise have yielded a five crop
Pardon me for giving you a dry detail of my domestic troubles _ I have lived so long under your hospitable roof and have been treated so kindly that I have a claim to species of relationship with you or at least to a friendship which on my side "will be remembered so long as memory will per - form ito office of recollect at all
Very Respectfully 2 Bun
A LETTER FROM A "FATHER OF THE CANAL."
David Burr, writer of the letter of which the above is a portion, was one of the first to enter heartily into the promotion of the waterway project. He was later one of the leading canal contractors. The above letter is a personal com- munication from Mr. Burr to his friends, Judge and Mrs. William N. Hood, who had removed to Peru, Indiana, and into whose home he had been warmly wel- comed during their residence in Fort Wayne. The original is among the effects of the late William Ewing Hood.
1
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CANAL CONSTRUCTION-FIRST NEWSPAPER
1832 1834
pany," to be equipped with hooks and ladders. On the 2d of June, 1834, further action was taken to form "an engine company, a hose company and a hook and ladder company," the latter to be provided with two twenty-four-foot ladders, two sixteen-foot ladders and one thirty-foot ladder, to be made by John Majors, and two fifteen- foot hooks and two twenty-foot hooks to be made by John Brown, the blacksmith.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE DEPARTMENT ..
Five years after this latter action, the town leased from William G. Ewing for three years, at six dollars per year, a portion of lot 70, of the original plat, at the northeast corner of Clinton and Main streets, and here the first fire house was erected.
At this time, the original fire company, the membership of which included the signers of the petition of 1833, was succeeded by a reorganized company, which, in 1841, was blended into the famous "Anthony Waynes." The membership of the company in 1839 included the following well-known citizens: Francis Comparet, Hugh McCulloch, Samuel S. Morss, John Spencer, Samuel Hanna, W. M. Hubbell, John Embry, Edward Stapleford, George W. Wood, Thomas Hamilton, Joseph Ensworth, Philip H. Cook, Peter Kiser, Joseph P. Edsall, Richard McMullen, John Jamieson, Samuel Edsall, Daniel M. Ginius, Egbert V. Boneway, J. B. DuBois, L. Williams, H. Hidiker, Robert Brackenridge, Jr., R. J. Dawson, Robert Dykes, Thomas Johnson, Amos Compton, R. W. Taylor, W. S. Edsall, Robert E. Fleming, Joseph Scott, C. V. N. Lent, G. Wilson, James E. Buchanan, William Rockhill, T. K. Brackenridge, Thomas Staple- ford, W. L. Moon, I. Thurman, Thomas F. Lane, Lewis Embry, Philip G. Jones, Eli Compton, Philo H. Taylor, Benjamin Smith, Samuel Stophlet, I. D. Stapleford, Brazille Stevens, Benjamin H. Saunders, J. D. Nuttman, Asa Miller and J. William DeNeal.
The first fire company to be equipped with apparatus was the "Anthony Waynes," organized in 1841, which maintained head- quarters in the original fire house on the Ewing property. The equipment consisted of a Jeffries "gallery" engine, with side brakes, and a two-wheeled cart, fitted with about five hundred feet of riveted leather hose.
In November, 1845, the council granted to Mason and Rose and O. P. Silver a contract to build a new engine house on city property for $337.78. Mayor M. W. Huxford superintended the work, and, upon its completion, the original fire house was sold. The fire company received $25 each year "for keeping the engine in order." In April, 1846, a council committee procured "a carriage for the hooks and ladders."
In June, 1848, the "Hermans, " a new fire company, was formed. The council voted to put the fire engine "in possession of some of our German citizens who are to organize themselves into a fire company and work the old engine until the city can procure a new one." The headquarters of the "Hermans" was located on the west side of Clinton street, north of Berry.
In August, 1848, Lewis Wolke was appointed as an agent to sell the old engine and purchase a new one. This was done in the follow- ing year, when an improved type of side-brake hand engine was
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THE PICTORIAL HISTORY OF FORT WAYNE
purchased from L. Button and Company, of Waterford, New York. In this year, John A. Colerick, appointed to investigate conditions, reported that "fire engine No. 1 was greatly out of repair, and recommended that it be either materially changed in its internal structure or a new engine be purchased." George Buchanan and Socrates Bacon repaired the engine for $268.
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