The pictorial history of Fort Wayne, Indiana : a review of two centuries of occupation of the region about the head of the Maumee River, Vol. I, Part 47

Author: Griswold, B. J. (Bert Joseph), 1873-1927; Taylor, Samuel R., Mrs. The story of the townships of Allen County
Publication date: 1917
Publisher: Chicago : R.O. Law Co.
Number of Pages: 760


USA > Indiana > Allen County > Fort Wayne > The pictorial history of Fort Wayne, Indiana : a review of two centuries of occupation of the region about the head of the Maumee River, Vol. I > Part 47


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THE PICTORIAL HISTORY OF FORT WAYNE


Wayne. Other settlers of 1852 were: Henry Monning (born in Westphalia), manufacturer, merchant, councilman and director of the Northern Indiana prison; Charles Auger (born near Versailles, France, in 1824), the first florist ; Dr. G. W. Bowen (born in Delaware county, New York), physician; William Baade (born in Winheim, Ger- many, in 1830), engaged in the transfer business; Edward Seidel, from Germany ; Leopold Falk (born in Rensburg, Germany, in 1823), mer- chant; Onslow G. Hill, from Portsmouth, New Hampsire, and Samuel Heilbroner (born in Haigerloch, Germany, in 1827), merchant.


NOTE ON CHAPTER XXXIII.


(1) Minor officials of Fort Wayne, elected and appointed in 1852, were: Treasurer, Thomas T. DeKay (resigned, succeeded by Ochmig Bird); attorney, W. W. Carson (succeeded by F. P. Ran- dall); fire chief, B. H. Tower (succeed- ed by S. C. Freeman); marshal, Wil- liam Fleming; street commissioner, Ed- ward Smith; councilmen, R. McMullan, H. R. Colerick, James Humphrey, Och-


mig Bird, Jonas W. Townley, Robert Armstrong, O. W. Jefferds, James Howe, P. D. Hartman and Peter Kiser.


County officers elected in 1852 were: Auditor, R. Starkweather; treasurer, Ochmig Bird; sheriff, William H. Mc- Donald; recorder, Edward Colerick; surveyor, J. M. Wilt; coroner, C. E. Goodrich; commissioners, Simeon Biggs William Robinson and Peter Parker.


CHAPTER XXXIV-1853-1854.


While the "Free" Schools Fought for Existence.


The discouraging beginning of the public schools-The first board of educa- tion and its problems-The opening of the first schools-Citizens vote against the proposition to support them-True friends of the schools- The struggle to erect the original Clay and Jefferson buildings-George A. Irvin, the first superintendent-Activities of the foes of the schools- Early school regulations-Later troubles-A great demonstration- Schools close for want of financial support-E. S. Green and James H. Smart, superintendents-The first graduates-Charles Whitmore, mayor- The Hamilton bank-Colerick's Hall-Wayne township library-Beginning of artificial gas service-Illuminating the streets-When Fort Wayne went "dry"-The first daily newspapers-First county fair-Origin of the name, "Summit City"-A "roast" of the city market-John G. Maier, postmaster-Mad Anthony Guards.


A CONSIDERATION of the history of the public schools of Fort Wayne, viewed through the vista of the years, causes the student to wonder that it should have been necessary to require the foremost institution of the land to fight so long for its very life. The explanation is difficult to unfold, nor would the problems of the early fifties find ready understanding today. It is sufficient to say, perhaps, that the struggle to establish the schools developed a spirit of power and pride which surmounted all obstacles and put to shame those who opposed their foundation and maintenance.


One of the earliest records of attention given to the problem of public schools is to be found in the transactions of the town trustees under the date of December 21, 1835, when Henry Work and Samuel Edsall were appointed "to employ a suitable number of teachers and pay them out of the fund set apart for school pur- poses." Their report, made March 26, 1836, was to the effect that the town "cannot employ teachers on terms advantageous to the corporation," and then, after a discussion of ways and means to secure funds, the matter appears to have been dropped as a problem beyond the powers of the town trustees to solve.


It remained for the year 1853 to mark the beginning of "free schools." The city council, in this year, chose Hugh McCulloch, Charles Case and William Stewart, men of proven worth and stalwart character, as a board of trustees, to undertake the solution of a knotty problem. The board found itself entrusted with the educational interests of a town of 4,000 people, enumerating 1,233 children of school age, with not a single school room belonging to the city and with only $330.72 with which to establish and maintain the schools for one year.


The first step taken by the trustees was the renting of the old McJunkin school building, on the east side of Lafayette street, between Main and Berry streets. Isaac Mahurin was engaged as


419


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THE PICTORIAL HISTORY OF FORT WAYNE


principal, and Miss M. L. Mahurin as assistant. At the same time, the board engaged Mr. and Mrs. A. M. Hulburd to teach the west side school at their home, which occupied the site of the residence of Henry C. Paul, at the southwest corner of West Wayne and Ewing streets. Both schools were opened in September.


TRUE FRIENDS OF THE "FREE" SCHOOLS.


Previous to the passage of the state law authorizing the estab- lishment of "free" schools, the people of Fort Wayne in 1848 had declared in favor of the act by a vote of 1,293 to 440. However, in April, 1853, when the city council resolved that "an order be drawn upon the city for the sum of $1,200 on account of money set aside for the purchase of school sites and placed in the hands of the trustees," there arose such a vigorous opposition that the trustees resigned. This action brought to the friends of the school a realiza- tion of their laxity, and in the following year, with the appointment of James Humphrey, Henry Sharp and Charles G. French as trustees, the conditions assumed a brighter appearance. A tax of two mills on each $100 worth of taxable property for school purposes was levied, and many of the citizens added to the fund by private dona- tions far in excess of the law's requirements. Says the school report of 1868 :


"Some citizens pledged every dollar they were worth to the object; others came up to the full measure of their duty, and enough was obtained to justify the undertaking [to erect the first school buildings]. Honor to them all! The buildings that were erected should ever be monuments to their liberality and sacrifice."


SCHOOL TROUBLES.


The school board, composed of James Humphrey, Charles G. French and William S. Smith, determined, in 1855, to begin the erection of two commodious school houses which would meet the pressing needs.


The first step taken was the purchase of convenient sites-that of the Clay school on the east side, at the corner of East Washington boulevard and Clay street, for $1,300, and of the Jefferson school on the west side, at the corner of West Jefferson and Griffith streets (Fairfield avenue), for $1,170. The former was purchased from Samuel Hanna and the latter from Dr. Charles E. Sturgis. Having adopted similar plans for both buildings, the board sought bids for the construction work. Contractors failed to respond. No one seemed to desire to risk the responsibility of the erection of the buildings with the uncertain prospect of receiving his pay, especially at a time when other work was plentiful. The board determined, therefore, to let the contract for the east side school by piecemeal at such times as they were able to find persons willing to assume the risk of a loan to the city. Success crowned their efforts and the Clay school was opened February 9, 1857.


Ten citizens then mortgaged their property to raise $5,000 for the building of the Jefferson school.


As the result of a mass meeting and a heated debate held at the courthouse in 1857, a resolution was passed approving the proceed- ings of the city council "in their efforts to sustain the free schools


1853 1854


THE FIGHT FOR "FREE" SCHOOLS 421


of the city." The gathering pledged itself to give its hearty sup- port to promote the interest of free schools and declared that "every effort made to embarrass the city council is productive of evil." Foes of the resolution, however, secured an injunction to prevent the city treasurer from honoring an order issued by the council directing him to pay to the school trustees the sum of $3,500, needed to defray expenses in connection with the erection of the Jefferson school, which was then in course of construction. The matter was thus thrown into the courts and some time was consumed in litiga- tion. The school board in 1857 was composed of William Rockhill, Dr. Charles E. Sturgis and William H. Link (succeeded by James Humphrey).


THE OPENING OF THE CLAY AND JEFFERSON SCHOOLS.


The following interesting account of the opening of the Clay school, the first to be established in a city-owned building, is quoted from the Sentinel of February 4, 1857:


"The public school at the corner of Clay and Washington streets . was formally opened on Monday last, with appropriate exercises. A prologue was delivered by Dr. B. S. Woodworth, and speeches by Messrs. Peter P. Bailey, William S. Smith, Samuel Hanna, Charles Case and others. The large building was densely crowded with ladies and gentlemen. *


* The school is a beautiful and spacious * three-story brick building, calculated to accommodate over 500 pupils. * * * Strict order and discipline must be observed, or it will be impossible to manage such an institution successfully. This is a fact the parents should impress upon their children."


The Jefferson school was also opened in the fall of 1857 with appropriate ceremonies. The school adjourned after the exercises for a parade and a dinner in Ewing's grove.


The list of teachers in 1857 included Rev. George A. Irvin, Messrs. Wallace and Mahurin, and Misses Leakin, Hamilton, Mills, Sinclair and Toleston.


GEORGE A. IRVIN FIRST SUPERINTENDENT.


Rev. George A. Irvin had been engaged in teaching in the Presbyterian Academy, in Fort Wayne, for some time previous to the opening of the public schools of which he was the first super- intendent.


"Rev. Mr. Irvin was a young Kentuckian," says one to whom his characteristics were well known, "and he was a liberal user of the switch as well as of chewing tobacco. He continued with the schools until 1863, when he became a chaplain in the federal army." (See Chapter XXXVI.)


CHARLES WHITMORE, MAYOR.


In 1853, the voters elected Charles Whitmore as mayor of Fort Wayne. He had served in the city council and was an active factor in promoting the public welfare. Shortly after the organization of the council, that body voted to "plank" Columbia street, the prin- cipal business thoroughfare of the town.1


-


422


THE PICTORIAL HISTORY OF FORT WAYNE


ALLEN HAMILTON AND COMPANY.


The year 1853 saw the beginning of one of Fort Wayne's leading financial institutions, the Hamilton National bank. In this year, Allen Hamilton, Hugh McCulloch and Jesse L. Williams formed a partnership known as Allen Hamilton and Company, to conduct a private bank of discount and deposit. The business was conducted in a building on the west side of Clinton street, south of Columbia. Stephen B. Bond was the manager of the bank, and in 1855 was admitted as a partner. Later Charles McCulloch joined the com- pany.


The Hamilton bank, which succeeded the institution of Allen Hamilton and Company, was incorporated in June, 1874, with a capital of $200,000. Charles McCulloch was the first president, with John Mohr, Jr., cashier, and Joseph D. Mohr, assistant cashier. The directors were Charles McCulloch, Jesse L. Williams, Mont- gomery Hamilton, William Fleming, Frederick Eckart, August Trentman and Edward P. Williams. In November, 1879, the Hamil- ton bank was merged into the Hamilton National bank of Fort Wayne, with a capital of $200,000 and a surplus of $30,000. The charter of this bank expired in November, 1889, at which time the institution was reorganized with Charles McCulloch, president;


Office of the Ohio & Endiana R. R. Co., Bucyrus, November 4, 1854. Bob Ross Ery


Tip: The Directors of the Olia and Indiana Rail Road Company invite you to attend an Excursion to Fort Wayne, Ja., and Wednesday , the 15 th, inst. , and the occasion of the completion of the Road.


Samuel Panna, @President.


AN INVITATION TO THE FIRST RAILROAD EXCURSION.


Through the kindness of Robert Learmonth, chief clerk of the operation de- partment of the western division of the Pennsylvania, it has been possible to secure the loan of the original invitation of which the accompanying engraving is a photographic copy. The well preserved relic is owned by J. A. Burkett, agent of the Pennsylvania road at South Chicago, and duplicates of it are extremely scarce. The invitation, which was extended to many prominent citizens of vari- ous parts of the country, was accepted by many and the train, which arrived after nightfall on November 15, 1854, brought to Fort Wayne the first railroad excursion in its history. (See page 423.)


·


423


1853 1854


John Mohr, Jr., cashier; John Ross McCulloch, and Frank H. Poole, assistant cashiers. The bank occupied its building at the northwest


consolidated with the First National bank under the name of the First


Not until 1853 was the city of Fort Wayne provided with an


4


Time Schedule for Excursion Crain.


Varember 15 8 16, 1854.


Going west.'


Going East


Miles .. Leave.


:


O CRESTLINE. ...: 8 A. M. . FORT WAYNE. : 7 00 A. M.


12 BUCTRUS :_ - 8 35 STATE LINE ___ 8 20 "


20 . UPPER SANDUSKY 9 30 . VAN WERT .__ 9 20. "


41 PORIST Arrive - 10 15 1 DELPHIOS .___ 10 05 «


SS JOHNSTOWN . 11 15 LIMA _10 55 «


Go LAFAYETTE- Pass Mail. | LAFAYETTE_ _. 11 20


.


Arrive 12 20 } JOHNSTOWN_ _ 11 50


80 DEIPHOS. 1.40 FOREST_100EN


99 VAN WERT .... 2 25 Up. SANDUSKY _ 1 40 "


: . 112, STATE LINE ____ 3 00 BUCURES _____ 2.50 "


131. Ar. FORT WAYNE 4_20


CRESTLINE ____ 3 30 «


DOQuests from "Pittsburgh, Cleveland and points East of them, cau arrive at Crestline at 11 P. M., (audet .. 12 P. M. at Bucyrus,) Tuesday, where they can lodge; or, by the Morning Train of Wednesday, they can arrive at Crestline at 11 A. M., and take the Mail Train, which arrives at Fort Wayne at 8 P. M.


The Excursion Train will leave Crestline at & t. M. on Wednesday, the 15th iust., and be rua per .the annexed schedule.


Guests by the Mad River aud Lake Erie Rail Road, who leave Dayton and Saudusky City by the morning Mail Train will arrive at Forest in time for the Excursion Train. Those wishing to take the Express Train.on M. R. & L. E. R. R., enti reach Forest in time for the Mail Train which arrives at Fort Wayne at 8 P. M.


«: "Tickets of invitation will serve as. "Free Passes" on any "Train on the Ohio and Indiana Rail Road during the loth and Loth inst .; but must be shown to the Brakeman at the door of the car.


. . An Excursion Party in Mail Train from Fort Wayne will meet the Excursion Train at Lima, where a collation for all the guests will be set in the Station House, and will roufu to Fort Wayne by the Excursion Train.


Provision is made at Fort Wayne to accommodate guests at Private Houses, and a Committee in the Cars will distribute Tickets of Invitation to each, with the name of the person whose guest he is to become.


The return trip arrives at Forest and Crestline in time to connect with trains, of other Roads at these points, without_much delay.


J. R. STRAUGHIAN, Superintendent. FORT WAYNE, Nov. 4, 1834.


(See preceding page.)


THE FIGHT FOR "FREE" SCHOOLS


COLERICK'S HALL, THE FIRST THEATER.


corner of Calhoun and Main streets until April, 1917, when it was


and Hamilton National bank.


424


THE PICTORIAL HISTORY OF FORT WAYNE


amusement place, although the courthouse and various other build- ings were adapted to the purpose. In this year, Edward F. Colerick established the famous Colerick's hall, which stood on the north side of Columbia street, midway between Clinton and Barr streets. The stage was small; a gallery extended across the room. It was opened on the evening of December 26, 1853, under the management of C. C. Hill and S. B. Bond. The attraction was a local minstrel performance for the benefit of Mr. Colerick. That the place of amusement was not entirely perfect in its arrangements is suggested in the following newspaper comment in the Times of July 27, 1865:


"A lady must have a neck as long as a giraffe and as slender, too, if she expects to see anything on the stage from the back of the gallery. People won't pay their dimes to see nothing, or break their necks or backs, too, in the effort."


From the platform of the stage of Colerick's hall, for a period of twenty years, many of America's prominent men addressed audi- ences of intelligence and culture. Musical organizations and the leading traveling amusement and theatrical companies appeared here. But, by the year 1875 the people demanded a better place of amusement. The Sentinel of June 2, 1875, in the course of an argument for a modern playhouse, observed that "the old shanty which rejoices in the high-sounding name of Colerick's opera house has at last fallen so low that there are none so poor as to do it reverence. * Good troupes are passing Fort Wayne daily and refusing to stop over."


Colerick's hall became the property of Captain James B. White in later years, when it was known as White's opera house. Twice it was damaged by fire, and then rebuilt for business purposes.


WAYNE TOWNSHIP LIBRARY.


In accordance with a legislative act of 1852, the Wayne town- ship library, in care of the township trustees, was established in 1854, and opened to the public on April 7. Bernard Rekers was one of the earlier librarians. The institution, though it served its pur- pose well, went out of existence in 1893.


THE FIRST GAS COMPANY.


At a meeting at Colerick's hall, in 1853, over which Mayor Charles Whitmore presided, and John Hough, Jr., acted as secretary, the matter of the establishment of artificial gas works was first considered. As a result, the council granted to the Fort Wayne Gas Light Company (B. Barker, H. B. Spelman, Charles Whitmore and others) a franchise to operate a plant, provided at least one mile of mains was laid within a specified period. The rate for gas was not to exceed $3.50 per 1,000 cubic feet. The franchise period expired before action was taken, and the matter went over until 1855, when a like franchise, except that the rate was established at $5 per 1,000 feet, was granted to Joseph A. Sabbatan, Richard Merrifield, Charles Whitmore and others.


As a result of the investigations of a committee composed of B. W. Oakley, William H. Jones and Moses Drake, Jr., the Fort Wayne Gas Light Company was incorporated March 6, 1855, with a capital of $65,000 (later increased to $225,000), with the follow-


·


425


THE FIGHT FOR "FREE" SCHOOLS


1853 1854


ing officers : President, B. W. Oakley ; treasurer, Robert E. Fleming ; secretary, B. D. Angell ; directors, John Hough, Jr., William Rock- hill, B. W. Oakley, Robert E. Fleming and Aaron Clark. Other stockholders were Joseph Stratton, Comparet, Hubbell and Com- pany, Hill and Orbison, John Brown and John Drake, besides several Cleveland (Ohio) parties.


ALEXANDER M'JUNKIN.


In the private schoolhouse of Alexan- der McJunkin, who conducted a pioneer institution for several years, was opened the first public school in Fort Wayne. The building still stands. Mr. McJun- kin was later the auditor of the Pitts- burgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago railroad. The portrait is from a photograph loaned by Mrs. F. J. Hayden.


BOSTON DRY GOODS STORE T. ABBOTT


COLERICK'S HALL.


This famous place of amusement, lo- cated on the north side of Columbia street, between Clinton and Barr streets, was Fort Wayne's only theater for many years. It was built in 1853 by Edward F. Colerick. In 1864 the place was re- modeled and modernized and later be- came the property of Capt. James B. White. Twice it was the victim of the


fire fiend, and finally the owner rebuilt it as a business block. During its his- tory as a place of amusement some of America's most noted actors, musicians and lecturers appeared on its platform.


REPUBLICANISM


IRTUE


EDUCATION


A. SOUVENIR OF FORT WAYNE'S FIRST PUBLIC SCHOOLS.


The picture is a pen drawing from a silk banner owned by Mrs. Sarah E. Richey, widow of the late Amos Richey, Sr. When my husband was a boy of 10 or 12," says Mrs. Richey, "he was a pupil of the 'free' public school which opened in 1853 in the house of Mr. and Mrs. A. M. Hulburd, at the corner of West Wayne and Ewing streets. A school picnic was held to celebrate the event and a procession of the children was formed to march to Ewing's grove. Many years later Mr. Richey, while in New York city, called on his former schoolmaster, who had advanced to old age. When Mr. Hulburd saw him he said, 'You are the boy who carried the banner that day in the parade,' where- upon, he brought out the silk banner and gave it to my husband to bring home as a souvenir of the opening of Fort Wayne's first public schools." The banner is of white silk and the decora- tions are in oil colors and brilliant gold. On the reverse side are the words, "Knowledge Is Power-Our March Is Onward." The banner is about three by four feet in size.


426


THE PICTORIAL HISTORY OF FORT WAYNE


A plant was established at the junction of Barr street with the canal. Originally, service for interior lighting only was provided, but, as the result of an election held in 1857 the people authorized the city council to grant a franchise to the company to illuminate the streets with gas. The property owners paid for the service in proportion to the extent of property frontage on the illuminated streets.


Upon the termination of the contract between the city and the company, in 1873, another organization, the Globe Gas Light com- pany, lighted the streets with kerosene lamps for two years, after which time the Fort Wayne Gas Light Company again secured a five-year contract. In 1864 A. P. Edgerton was the president of the company; H. H. Edgerton, secretary ; R. E. Fleming, treasurer and superintendent, and Alfred Hattersley, inspector. Later officers were James Cheney, president and treasurer, and A. C. Probasco, secretary. With the coming of natural gas service in 1886, the former company was dissolved. (See Chapter XLIV.)


WHEN FORT WAYNE WENT "DRY."


Public sentiment in 1854 turned so strongly against the evil influence of the saloon throughout the state that the voters sent to the legislature a sufficient number of representatives to enact a rigid prohibitory law. In Allen county, however, the anti-prohibi- tion forces were the more largely represented at the polls.


Referring to the situation the Sentinel of April 1, 1874, says :


"There was a torchlight procession which passed the residence of John Hough, Jr., Jesse L. Williams and other prominent temper- ance men, and the members gave three groans for each of those gentlemen. Afterwards, the procession, headed by one of the lead- ing politicians of Fort Wayne, marched up Barr street, where, hav- ing dug a large grave, they buried their lost liberties in the shape of a keg of whisky. But, relying on the plurality in Fort Wayne against prohibition, many of the saloonkeepers refused to close up. This aroused indignation in the bosoms of the prohibitionists, who got up a popular excitement, held a series of public meetings, and finally raised a large fund to be used in the prosecution of the law. L. M. Ninde, Esq., was retained to push the cases, which he did with his accustomed ability and vigor, and the result was that in a short time there was scarcely a place in Fort Wayne where a glass of liquor could be obtained."


A license law was substituted for the stringent act at the follow- ing session of the legislature.


THE FIRST DAILY NEWSPAPERS.


The Standard and the Times were Fort Wayne's first daily papers. Each made its appearance in 1854. D. W. Burroughs ap- peared with the Standard as a daily, which he continued for two years, when the paper was sold to R. D. Turner, who continued it as a weekly under the name of the Fort Wayne Jeffersonian, com- monly called "The Zebra," because of the striped letters composing its heading. In March, 1858, the paper was discontinued.


Upon the retirement of George W. Wood from the management of the Times, John W. Dawson commenced the publication of the


427


THE FIGHT FOR "FREE" SCHOOLS


1853 1854


paper as a daily, which was continued two years, when it was again issued as a weekly. In 1859 the paper again was printed each day, and Fort Wayne has been provided with one or more daily papers since that date.


THE FIRST COUNTY FAIR.


The year 1853 found Allen county enjoying its first county fair. The affair was given "at and about Rockhill's brick tavern" (the present St. Joseph hospital grounds), in the west end of the city, and a speech by Samuel Brenton and a plowing match were features of the event. R. D. Turner was the secretary of the society. At the annual election, Lott S. Bayless was chosen president, F. H. Tyler secretary, and O. W. Jefferds treasurer.


ORIGIN OF "SUMMIT CITY."


In the issue of the Times of March 8, 1853, Editor John W. Dawson wrote:


"As all cities of any note are assuming names to distinguish them from the hackneyed and worn-out names by which they were


Pittsburgh, fort Wayne and Chicago R. R Co


NOT TRANSFERABLE. Pasacl d'hier 2 Make EMPLOYEE ON BUSINESS OF THE COMPANY


ONE TRIP ONLY .


Detuno deellono


See over


SUPT


ESCURSION TICKET, O. & P R. R


Sept 120 18th. 1852 indiana




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