USA > Indiana > Allen County > Fort Wayne > The pictorial history of Fort Wayne, Indiana : a review of two centuries of occupation of the region about the head of the Maumee River, Vol. I > Part 55
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THE FIRST SUFFRAGE MOVEMENT.
One of the earliest women's organizations in Fort Wayne was the Allen County Women's Rights association, formed in March, 1871, during a three-day session held at Hamilton hall. About sixty men and women were in attendance. The first president was Mrs. Lindley M. Ninde. The organization existed during a period of only three years, but in this time the society and its friends listened to such prominent universal suffrage advocates as Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton.
Miss Anthony made a second visit to Fort Wayne in the winter of 1878, when she spoke before a discouragingly small audience at the Berry Street Methodist church.
"This much-abused and grossly-caricatured woman," observed the Sentinel, "is a fine looking old lady of good physique, with a kindly expression which gives no sign that she can say cutting and severe things with so little effort."
The Twelfth District Women's Suffrage association in its annual convention at the Berry Street Methodist church in 1887 was ad- dressed by Miss Anthony, Mrs. Helen M. Gougar, Mrs. May Wright Sewall and Mrs. Z. G. Wallace. The local officers of the reorganized society were: President, Mrs. Ninde; vice-presidents, Mrs. W. D. Page, Miss Jennie Gorsline, Mrs. M. B. Gorsline, Mrs. S. C. Williams, Miss Eliza Rudisill, Miss Laura Kimball, Mrs. Julian Randall, Miss Angie Henderson, Mrs. Margaret Swayne, Mrs. W. B. Walter, Mrs. E. J. Hamilton; secretary, Mrs. Kate Eaton; treasurer, C. J. Winch.
The present Women's Equal Suffrage league was organized in the fall of 1912. The original officers were: President, Miss Kath- eryn Hamilton; first vice-president, Mrs. Clark Fairbank; second vice-president, Mrs. W. S. O'Rourke; secretary, Miss Elizabeth Sih- ler; treasurer, Mrs. A. J. Moynihan. Full right of suffrage was granted to the women of Indiana by the legislature of 1917.
FREE MAIL DELIVERY.
The growth of Fort Wayne was recognized by the government in 1873, and on the appeal of Postmaster J. J. Kamm, who was
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reappointed in 1873, a system of free delivery of mail in the city was established.
The original five mail carriers were Adam Link, Amos R. Wal- ter, Robert Jacobs, August Feustel and Henry S. Mensch. Mr. Walter's route, carried twice a day, embraced all of the city west of Fairfield avenue and Fulton street, including "Nebraska" and south to the city limits.
CHARLES A. ZOLLINGER MAYOR.
With the election of Col. Charles A. Zollinger as mayor of Fort Wayne that worthy citizen entered upon twelve years of service in the executive's chair. During this period Fort Wayne experienced a remarkable advancement toward metropolitan proportions. In the 1873 election Colonel Zollinger received 2,300 votes, against 1,432 for E. L. Chittenden.
Colonel Zollinger was a native of Wiesbaden, Germany, born in 1838. With his father, Christian Zollinger, he came to Fort Wayne in the fifties. During the war he served with such distinc- tion as to bring to him the command of the One Hundred and Twenty-ninth regiment of Indiana volunteers. In 1870 he was elected sheriff of Allen county.1
THE FAIR GROUNDS (SWINNEY PARK).
The present beautiful Swinney park, formerly a portion of the farm of Colonel Thomas W. Swinney, became, in 1874, the place for the holding of the Allen county fairs and race meets of succeeding years. The grounds were enclosed, large buildings were erected, accommodations for stock were established and a half-mile track laid out. The place was the scene of many notable gatherings, and thousands of persons were attracted to the city by the events held there each year.
In February, 1874, a mass meeting was held to consider the question of purchasing the grounds, and a committee composed of A. C. Remmel, Oscar A. Simons, W. S. Edsall, Captain McEnrie, and Henry J. Rudisill was named to solicit funds. Later, arrange- ments were made by the Allen County Agricultural society to lease the property for a period of twenty years, and James H. Smart, E. L. Chittenden and S. C. Lumbard headed a committee to sell stock in the association to the amount of $30,000.
Work on the property progressed rapidly, and by June, 1874, the grounds were in good condition for the first of the series of race meets, attended by over 2,000 spectators. Gates were established at Washington and Jefferson streets. The annual fair opened in September, with all the buildings and display pens in condition for a successful event.
The officers of the association for the year were: Franklin P. Randall, president; George F. McCoy and W. B. Felt, vice-presi- dents; William Lyne, secretary, and Adam Link, treasurer.
FORT WAYNE LIGHT GUARDS.
The Fort Wayne Light Guards were organized in 1874 and incor- porated for three years. The company gave bond to the city and the city drew from the state the required arms. The organization
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was officered as follows: Captain, J. D. Bond; first lieutenant, George S. Fowler; second lieutenant, Alfred T. Lukens; first ser- geant, Thomas Andrew. This body of young men, employed in the banks, offices, mercantile establishments and railroad offices, was declared to be the best-drilled company in the state. The organ- ization was disbanded in 1877.
A. H. HAMILTON CONGRESSMAN.
The lively congressional campaign with Andrew Holman Ham- ilton and Robert S. Taylor as opposing candidates resulted in the polling of 6,035 votes for the former and 3,735 for the latter. Mr. Hamilton was a son of Allen Hamilton and a native of Fort Wayne. Following his graduation from Wabash college in 1858 he was a student of the University of Goettingin, Germany, and returned to enter Harvard university, from which institution he was graduated. He returned to Fort Wayne from Harvard and entered upon the practice of law.
A COSTLY HOLE IN THE GROUND.
The city of Fort Wayne, pursuing a commendable desire to establish a town well, beginning in 1870, found itself four years later with nothing to show for the expenditure of thousands of dollars but a useless hole in the ground on the courthouse square. Allen county was its partner in the expensive enterprise. When the year 1875 came in its turn it was found that the city had sunk a total of $4,783.66, while the county was out exactly $9,380.45, making a combined sum of $14,164.11. A discouragingly larger sum was added to this before the city and county secured a flowing well.
The sinking of the well was the result of an agitation beginning in 1869, which caused the city council in the following year to make a proposition to the county commissioners to sink the shaft at the joint expense of the city and county. In 1872 J. S. Goshorn was engaged to begin the work, but the time limit expired and the task was undertaken by J. W. Ackerly and J. Hopkins, of Ashtabula, Ohio. Many discouragements and disappointments caused the city and county to accept the offer of financial assistance from Thomas W. Swinney, Ulerich Stotz, George Fox and Henry Monning, in con- sideration of the choice of a new site for the well at a point nearer to the real estate owned by the gentlemen named. In 1874, while there were still no prospects of success, a memorial from the grand jury bearing the signatures of a large number of citizens was met by an order from the county commissioners granting a further prosecution of the work. The well was sunk to a depth of 3,000 feet before satisfactory results were obtained. This was after six years of discouragement, when J. Hopkins came forward and pro- posed that "he at his own expense tube the artesian well for the purpose of ascertaining if the water will flow by doing so; and if, by tubing, he fails to get flowing water, he will then test the well for gas-provided, however, that if he obtains gas in sufficient quantity to make it profitable for illuminating purposes, then the said Hopkins shall have one-half of the benefit arising from the use of said gas; but if he obtains flowing water, he shall have no benefit whatever."
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J. Hopkins "lost out." The well contained little or no gas. It became a flowing well, and the city and county erected above it at the northeast corner of the courthouse square an ornamental canopy and drinking fountain. This canopy was removed from the square at the time of the demolition of the old courthouse, in 1902, and it now stands in Swinney park.
The Sixteenth Annual Report of the Indiana Department of Geology, page 127, referring to the "town well," states that the following strata were penetrated during the progress of the drilling : Drift, 88 feet; Niagara limestone, 802; Hudson shales, gray, 206; Utica shales, black, 260, and into Trenton limestone 1,590 feet. The surface of the ground is 772 feet above sea level, and the well of 3,000 feet extends 2,228 feet below sea level.
ACTIVITIES OF 1871.
The sudden death of Bishop J. H. Luers, of the diocese of Fort Wayne, occurred while the prelate was visiting in Cleveland, Ohio, and the appointment of Rev. Joseph Dwenger by Pope Pius IX brought to him the honor of serving as the second bishop of the diocese. He was a native of Auglaize county, Ohio. His consecra- tion by Archbishop Purcell to the high office took place in the Cathedral of Cincinnati. Isaac Lauferty, a clothing mer- chant, with his son, Alexander Lauferty as assistant, established a private banking house in a room on Calhoun street, opposite the courthouse, and later removed the institution into a room in the Aveline hotel, facing Calhoun street. The business was continued until 1891, the year of the death of Mr. Lauferty. A private bank of loans and discounts was also established about the same time by James Cheney. Its career was not extended and the bank was closed voluntarily by the proprietor. Colonel R. S. Robert- son was appointed register in bankruptcy and United States com- missioner. Colonel Robertson also served as the government volun- teer weather observer. Citizens who date their res- idence in Fort Wayne from 1871 include William D. Page, postmaster and founder of the Fort Wayne Daily News; Robert C. Bell, attorney, state senator and United States court commissioner ; Captain John H. Rohan, county treasurer and public spirited citizen ; Dr. Joseph H. Jones, physician, and Nelson Leonard, father of Elmer and Wilmer Leonard, attorneys. Rudolph Worch estab-
lished the Indiana Volksfreund, a German publication which con- tinued but a few months. J. H. Buckles opened the Robin- son house on Harrison street. A singular tragedy of the year 1871 was the fatal shooting of Chief of Police Patrick McGee, by Dr. I. N. Thacker. The grand jury, believing the shot to have been fired in self-defense, failed to hold the physician. The burning of the White Fruit House, on West Berry street, damaged several near-by structures.
ACTIVITIES OF 1872.
On the 4th of October the county advertised for bids for the erection of a jail to replace the structure erected in 1850. The contract was let to Christian Boseker for $81,498. The total cost was $92,069.84. This building is still in use. The present
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important manufacturing institution, known as the plant of the Packard Company, makers of the celebrated Packard pianos and player pianos, had its origin in 1872, with the founding of the Fort Wayne Organ Company. The company commenced business with a capitalization of $24,000. S. B. Bond was the president; J. D. Bond, treasurer; Gilbert E. Bursley, secretary and manager, and R. T. Keith, superintendent. The enterprise, located on Fairfield avenue, has grown to immense proportions. In recent years the manufacture of organs has given place almost wholly to that of pianos and player pianos, which have a large sale in all portions of the world. The affiliated Bond Piano Company occupies a portion of the plant. The manufacturing institution afterward known as the White Wheel Works, was established by Captain James B. White, who purchased the A. C. Tucker plant. Christian Boseker was connected with the operation of the plant for a time; then John W. White became a member of the firm. In 1890 the plant was absorbed by the American Wheel Company, a syndicate with headquarters in Chicago, which paid $150,000 for the Fort Wayne property. In the same year the plant was destroyed by fire, causing a loss of $160,000. St. Peter's Catholic church was formed in 1872, with Rev. J. Wemhoff, pastor. The successors of Rev. Mr. Wemhoff were A. Messman, F. Koerdt, John Biederman and Charles H. Thiele. The year 1872 drew to Fort Wayne many worthy citizens, including W. L. Carnahan, from Lafayette, Indiana, wholesale boot and shoe dealer; William Kaough, post- master and dealer in coal and farming implements; Gottlieb Haller, from Switzerland, engaged in the meat trade; S. D. Bitler, from Pennsylvania, manufacturer of cooperage stock; and Joseph H. Brimmer, from Chicago, painter. The Fisher Brothers Paper Company was established.
ACTIVITIES OF 1873.
Prof. Thomas Powers opened the Fort Wayne Business College in the Burgess block, on Main street, between Calhoun and Harrison streets. Prior to this, an institution known as the Bryant and Stratton Business College, under the management of Prof. H. H. Lipes, occupied rooms in the same building. Still earlier, a com- mercial school was conducted on Harrison street near the present Randall hotel by Prof. W. J. Francisco. In July, 1873, a home for the friendless was organized, with Mrs. A. S. Evans, presi- dent; Mrs. Charles Taylor, secretary, and Mrs. L. M. Ninde, chair- man of the board of managers. Two years later the sum of $4,600 was paid for a location for the home. In 1880 Mrs. M. A. Carter was the matron of the institution, and Mrs. Ninde, treasurer. The Allen County Agricultural society and the Horticul- tural Society of Northern Indiana were consolidated, with Franklin P. Randall, president: Adam Link, treasurer, and William Lyne, secretary. Charles D. Law, appointed civil engineer of the western division of the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago railroad, with headquarters in Fort Wayne, became, in 1880, the superintendent of the division. Mr. Law was succeeded by J. B. McKim, William M. Wardrop and Otto Schroll. . The firm of William Geake and J. J. Geake, stone cutters, was formed.
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Among the prominent citizens who came in 1873 were August Bruder, from Germany, engaged in the retail jewelry trade; Charles B. Fitch, of Medina County, Ohio, insurance; and Perry A. Randall, from Avilla, Indiana, attorney and citizen of public spirit. As a spontaneous expression of the high esteem in which Perry A. Randall was held by his fellow citizens, their action immediately following his sudden death in 1916 is in evidence. A fund was raised by voluntary subscription to erect a life-size portrait bust of Mr. Randall, now to be seen in Swinney Park, as a remembrance of his years of effort and sacrifice in promoting the welfare of his fellow- citizens. The monument was erected in the autumn of 1916. The Free Methodist church was founded in 1873. The pastors in suc- cession have been John W. Sharp, Scepter Roberts, A. Godman, A. V. Leonardson, O. Barfell, John Harden, J. P. Brooks, W. H. Jones, G. P. Wilson, M. C. Boner, George B. Day, John Harden, M. Edinger, Edward Matthews, Nathan Stambaugh, Parry Botts, P. S. Shoemaker, Robert Clark, U. G. Hoover, H. C. Ingersoll, W. T. Loring, Carson Moore, E. F. Aiken and B. L. Olmstead.
ACTIVITIES OF 1874.
The first edition of the Fort Wayne Daily News was issued in June by William D. Page and Charles F. Taylor. The paper during its earlier history was a small sheet, often called a "handbill," but it sparkled with enterprise. In November, 1887, Mr. Taylor sold his interest in the publication to Mr. Page, who continued its man- agement until 1892, when a company composed of Clarence F. Bick- nell, Ernest P. Bicknell and Alvin T. Hert purchased the property. Mr. C. F. Bicknell assumed active charge of the paper and it has grown to metropolitan proportions and popularity. Jesse A. Greene has served as editor of the News for several years. The News2 has always been strongly republican in its political policies. Rev. W. S. Morris became the pastor of the newly-organized Trinity Methodist Episcopal church. Succeeding pastors of Trinity church were D. M. Brown, W. D. Barr, J. R. McConehy, D. M. Shackleford, W. R. Wones, J. B. Alleman, E. F. Alberson, Sherman Powell, C. E. White, George Cocking, David Wells, R. L. Semans, W. P. Herron, T. M. Hill and C. W. Shoemaker. Fort Wayne Lodge, No. 2, Independent Order of Foresters, was organized. Frederick J. Hayden (born in Coburg, Canada, in 1836), prominent in the Indiana legislature and in the commercial affairs of the city, located in Fort Wayne in 1874. Henry W. Ortman estab- lished a cigar manufactory.
NOTES ON CHAPTER XLI.
(1) Other city officials elected and appointed in 1873 were: Clerk, S. P. Freeman; treasurer, John A. Droege- meyer; marshal, Christopher Kelly; assessor, Henry Steup; attorney, Allen Zollars; engineer, Charles S. Bracken- ridge; marketmaster, William Schnei- der; street commissioner, Henry Trier; board of health, Drs. W. H. Myers, I. M. Rosenthal and B. S. Woodworth; board of school trustees, John S. Irwin, O. P. Morgan and Pliny Hoagland; fire chief, Frank Vogel: councilmen, N. H. Putnam, William T. Mckean, O. P.
Morgan, Montgomery Hamilton, Louis Dessauer. William Meyer. Charles Mc- Culloch, William Macphail, Peter Hahn- houser, Christian Becker, Timothy Ho- gan, John Shoaff, George Jacoby, John Iten, Henry Schnelker, Henry Stoll and James Lillie.
In 1873 Joseph D. Hance succeeded Charles A. Zollinger as sheriff; Samuel E. Sinclair succeeded James W. Borden as judge of the court of common pleas; at the end of his term the court was abolished. Judge Sinclair was a native of Fort Wayne, born in 1840. In 1882
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he served as a member of the general assembly, and in 1885 was a candidate for mayor. J. R. Bittenger served with Judge Sinclair as prosecuting attorney, and Joseph S. France was appointed prosecutor of the criminal court. John D. Sarnighausen was elected state sen- ator, and Jefferson C. Bowser and Mah- lon Heller state representatives. Jacob R. Bittenger was appointed by Gov- ernor Hendricks to act as prosecutor of the circuit court; he was later elect- ed and served to 1877. The court of common pleas was abolished in 1873, and its business transferred to the circuit court. County officers elected in 1873 were: Auditor, W. T. Abbott; treasurer, John Ring; sheriff, J. D. Hance; recorder, John M. Koch; sur- veyor, W. H. Goshorn; coroner, John P. Waters; superintendent of county schools, Jerry Hillegass; commission- ers, John Begue, Jacob Hillegass and Henry K. Turner.
In 1874 R. C. Bell was elected state senator and Patrick Horn and Mahlon Heller state representatives. Other of- ficers elected were: Judge of the crim- inal court, Joseph Brackenridge (suc- ceeded by James W. Borden) ; clerk, F. H. Wolke; auditor, William T. Abbott; treasurer, John Ring (succeeded by M. F. Schmetzer); sheriff, J. D. Hance; re- corder, John M. Koch (succeeded by Joseph Mommer, Jr.); surveyor, W. H. Goshorn; coroner, A. M. Webb; assess- or, Alvin Hall. Samuel M. Hench was appointed by Governor Hendricks to complete the unexpired term of Joseph S. France (deceased), prosecuting at- torney of the criminal court. Judge Hench was elected to the office in 1874, 1876 and 1878.
In 1875 the following city officials were elected and appointed: Mayor, Charles A. Zollinger; clerk, John M. Godown; treasurer, Charles M. Barton; attorney, Allen Zollars; marshal, Chris- tian Kelly; assessor, John H. Pranger; engineer, John Ryall; street commis- sioner, Conrad Baker; chief of police, M. Singleton; board of health, Drs. John M. Josse, Theodore Heuchling and
Thomas J. Dills; board of education, A. P. Edgerton, Pliny Hoagland and John S. Irwin (succeeded by Oliver P. Mor- gan).
In 1877 Mayor Charles A. Zollinger was re-elected and the following minor officials elected and appointed: Clerk, John H. Trentman; treasurer, Charles M. Barton; marshal, Christopher Kelly; assessor, John G. Maier; attorney, Hen- ry Colerick; city engineer, John Ryall; chief of the fire department, Frank B. Vogel; street commissioner, Dennis O'Brien; chief of police, Hugh M. Diehl; councilmen, Charles Riese, H. N. Put- nam, Morris Cody, C. Hettler, James Breen, E. L. Chittenden, C. F. Muhler, E. Zorbaugh, S. Bash, J. M. Riedmiller, T. Hogan, D. B. Strope, J. E. Graham, J. Holmes, Andrew T. Dreier, H. Schnelker, C. H. Leinker and C. Pfeif- fer. Jerry Hillegass was re-elected county superintendent of schools; M. E. Argo succeeded William T. Abbott as county auditor.
(2) Among the newspapers and oth- er publications of Fort Wayne which are not otherwise mentioned in the Pic- torial History and which had a more or less prosperous experience are the fol- lowing: The Call, published by W. R. Ream; the Item, by George R. Benson; the Mail, by W. J. Fowler; the Summit City Journal, issued during 1855 and 1856 by the Young Men's Literary as- sociation; the American Farmer, estab- lished in 1883 by E. A. K. Hackett and edited by S. D. Melsheimer; the Plow Boy, an agricultural paper published by R. D. Turner; the Boys' World, by W. J. Bond; Poultry and Pets, by Page and Taylor; the Alert, a campaign paper issued during 1851; the Dollar Weekly Press, by D. W. Jones, published during 1867 and 1868; the Casket, issued by the students of the Methodist college, beginning in 1851; the People's Advo- cate, published for a time, beginning in 1883, by George B. Fleming, of Arcola, Indiana, and the Dispatch, organ of the "Greenback" party, which appeared in 1878 with James Mitchell as editor and Frank Orff business manager.
CHAPTER XLII-1875-1878.
Railroad Strike-Rival Medical Schools-Lawlessness.
Industrial controversies precipitate a general strike of railroad employes-
Mayor Zollinger reads the "Riot Act"-Officials in clash with strikers- Troops sent to quell the outbreak-Settlement of the difficulty-Rival medical schools and their differences-The grand jury's reproof-Grave robberies arouse alarm and indignation-First graduates of medical schools-Superior court is established-Lawlessness-The great meteor- James H. Smart superintendent of schools-Olympic (Bijou) theatre.
T HE YEAR 1877 found the busy city of Fort Wayne in the throes of a wild industrial upheaval-a strike of the men employed on the lines of the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago road and the Grand Rapids and Indiana railway. Already, in 1864, the town had passed through an experience of rioting due to disturbed conditions among the railroad men; but now it faced a situation still more threatening to the peace and safety of the people.
The strike was general at first over the entire system of the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago railroad, as well as other lines, following the refusal of the companies to meet a demand for increased wages.
In Fort Wayne the disturbed conditions continued for a period of nearly two weeks, at the end of which time one of the newspapers, expressing the general feeling of relief, said :
"It is generally rejoiced at that the difficulty has terminated without bloodshed or wanton destruction of property. Fort Wayne has been resting on a powder magazine during the past twelve days and only a spark was needed to produce an explosion which would wipe out all that makes this city what it is. * * * Assurances were received that a large force of regular troops and militia would arrive in the city during last night, and that today a conflict would take place. C. E. Gorham gave assurance that the strike was termi- nated, and if the men reported for duty, no one would be discharged. Reluctantly, the men voted to return to their places."
On Saturday evening, July 21, two hundred conductors, fire- men and brakemen had left their places of duty, and an idle crowd of 1,500 citizens gathered about the shops to observe the develop- ments when Superintendent Gorham, Master Mechanic Boone and Master of Transportation Clark offered to man the engines of freight trains if any volunteers among the employes would act as firemen. One who had offered his services was promptly induced by the strikers to decline to serve. Members of the crowd then spiked and guarded the switches and removed all the coupling pins from the cars in the yards, so that none of the rolling stock could be moved.
During the entire first night of the trouble the crowds surged about the shops and yards of the railroad. Finally, at 2 o'clock on Sunday morning, Mayor Charles A. Zollinger, assuming an ele- 498
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vated position where his voice could be heard by many in the vast throng, read a proclamation commanding the members of the crowd to disperse.
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