USA > Kentucky > The history of Kentucky, from its earliest discovery and settlement, to the present date, V. 2 > Part 48
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326
HISTORY OF KENTUCKY.
the general government. The city is notable for its broad avenues lined with shade trees, its spacious and verdant yards, and its handsome and commodious dwellings, which s.retch for miles on either side of many of the streets. About one hundred and forty miles of local railways traverse its thoroughfares, not only connecting with every part of the city but with every interesting suburban point.
The hygienic conditions of Louisville are moderately good, and capable of being made of the best. The mortuary records show a death-rate slightly below the average of that of the cities of the United States having over one hundred thousand population. There are but two elements needed to lower this death-rate to a minimum, in comparison with other cities, and to constitute this one of the healthiest metropolitan sites in the world; these essentials are purified water and purified air. The Ohio river is but a sewerage channel for the waste of the cities, towns, and country, from Pittsburg to its mouth. Its foully impregnated and impure waters are unfit for drinking or culinary uses. It is a cause of congratulation that the managers of the Water Works Company have recently contracted for a thorough filtering system soon to be erected. Pure air can only be assured by thorough drainage and cleanly environment. The site of the Falls City was originally interspersed with areas of swamp lands and pools of stagnant water, which so poisoned the atmosphere with malarial exhalations that chills and fevers and bilious dis- orders were the rule, rather than the exception. These causes of disease, however, have been effectively removed within the limits of the city by an elaborate system of sewerage and surface draining.
It is needed now to carry this system of drainage to the level country south and west of Louisville, some miles out to Salt river, to remove all malarial causes and to make the south-west winds of summer and autumn, borne over the city, as pure and innoxious as mountain breezes. This will give to the residents the purified air needed. We learn from the city engineer that a great main sewer is already in contemplation-leading from a con- nection in South Louisville, south-west through the flat lands, to Salt river, sufficient in capacity for the waste of that part of the city and the surplus water of the country to be carried off. With little additional expense, this may be made the means of a thorough reclamation of the low and swampy · lands of this part of Jefferson county. Besides greatly improving the hygienic conditions of both the city and country, these lands reclaimed by such drainage may be made twice or three-fold as valuable for agricultural and gardening purposes as they have been heretofore. The people of no city in this civilized age should be long permitted to live without pure air and pure water. They are not only among the chief essentials to comfort and health ; they are the conditions, invariably, of health, and even of life itself.
The public school system of Louisville has reached a standard of ex- cellence which ranks it with the best city systems known. Besides the gra led schools, are the Male High School, the Female High School, and
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827
STATE NOMINATIONS IN 1895.
the Manual Training High School. Primary, parochial, and kindergarten schools supplement the public needs. The fiscal school year begins with the first, and ends with the last, day of the year, thus altering slightly the pro rata from the State school fund. The total of the latter paid to the city last year was $215,574.33, on a census of 78,216 children. Besides this sum, $277, 444. 59 is raised by local taxation, giving the city a grand total of $493,018.92, for the schools. There were 24,383 pupils in attend- ance, making a tuition per capita of over $20.
The Republican State Convention met in the city of Louisville, June 5, 1895, and proceeded to nominate candidates for the several State offices, to be voted for at the election in November next. The following was the result of the action of the delegates assembled :
For governor, Wm. O. Bradley, of Garrard county ; lieutenant-governor, W. J. Worthington, of Greenup county ; auditor, Sam H. Stone, of Madi- son county ; secretary of state, Chas. Finley, of Whitley county ; treasurer, George W. Long, of Grayson county; attorney-general, W. S. Taylor, of Butler county ; superintendent of public instruction, W. J. Davidson, of Pulaski county ; register of land office, C. O. Reynolds, of Fayette county ; commissioner of agriculture, Lucas Moore, of Marion county.
For the same offices the Kentucky Democratic Convention, held also at Louisville, on the 25th of June, selected and set forth the following names of leading members for its standard-bearers in the coming campaign :
For governor, P. Wat Hardin, of Mercer county ; lieutenant-governor, R. L. Tyler, of Fulton county; treasurer, R. C. Ford, of Clay county ; auditor, L. C. Norman, of Boone county; register of land office, G. B. Swango, of Wolfe county ; attorney-general, W. J. Hendrick, of Fleming county ; secretary of state, Henry S. Hale, of Graves; superintendent of public instruction, Ed Porter Thompson, of Owen county; commissioner of agriculture, Ion B. Nall, of Louisville.
On the 4th day of July, succeeded the convention of the People's party, the delegates being called to meet on this day at the city of Louisville. The result of the action of this convention was the presentation of a ticket composed of the names of the following leaders, for the offices of state :
For governor, Thos. S. Pettit, of Daviess county; lieutenant-governor, J. G. Blair, of Nicholas county ; treasurer, M. R. Gardner, of Hardin county ; auditor, C. H. Dean, of Woodford county ; register of land office, J. E. Quicksall, of Wolfe county; attorney general, Silas M. Peyton, of Hart county ; secretary of state, Dr. Don Singletary, of Hickman county ; superintendent of public instruction, H. H. Farmer, of Henderson; com- missioner of agriculture, W. L. Scott, of Shelby county; for United States Senator, Clarence S. Bate, of Jefferson county. The contest promises to be one of unusual interest, from the prominence of the issues involved, and of new factors of influence which appear to play a more or less important part in controlling the results.
828
. HISTORY OF KENTUCKY.
APPENDIX.
Kentucky before Statehood.
Governors, lieutenant governors and secretaries of state.
Parent settlements in Virginia and North Carolina.
Counties of Kentucky.
Census statistics of Kentucky, 1890. United States senators, 1792-1896.
Representatives in Congress, 1792- 1896.
Chief-justices of Kentucky, 1792- 1895.
Attorney-generals of Kentucky ap- pointed ; same elected, 1792-1892.
Speakers of the house, 1792-1894. Ambassadors, foreign ministers. consuls, etc., who were Kentuckians.
Federal generals. -
Confederate generals.
Members of the Provisional govern- ment and Congressmen of Kentucky under the Confederacy, 1861-65.
Prominent Kentuckians.
Heads of departments and officers of the United States government who were Kentuckians, 1792-1892.
Judges of the United States Supreme Court.
Kentuckians, governors of other States.
Kentuckians. United States senators from other States.
Members of Constitutional Conven- tion, 1890-91.
GOVERNMENT OF KENTUCKY BEFORE IT BECAME A STATE.
Robert Dinwiddie-called " lieutenant-governor "-arrived in Virginia from England early in 1752, and departed in January, 1758. His vacancy was filled for a short time by John Blair, president of the council.
The Earl of Loudoun was appointed by the King the successor of Din- widdie, and came to Philadelphia, but never to Virginia.
Francis Fauquier was appointed lieutenant-governor, and reached Vir- ginia in 1758. He continued governor until his death, early in 1768, when John Blair, who was still president of the council, again acted as governor.
In November, 1768, Norborne Berkley, Baron de Botetourt, arrived in Virginia as governor-in-chief. " Solicitous to gratify the Virginians, Bote- tourt pledged his life and fortune to extend the boundary of Virginia on the west to the Tennessee river, on the parallel of 36° 30'. This boundary, Andrew Lewis and Dr. Thomas Walker wrote, would give some room to extend the settlements for ten or twelve years." Botetourt died October, 1770, after two years' service, in which he proved himself a friend of Virginia. The Colonial Assembly erected a statue in honor of him, in front of William and Mary College, at Williamsburg, which was destroyed by some vandalism in the Federal army, about 1864.
In 1772, John Murray, Earl of Dunmore (generally called Governor Dunmore), was transferred from the governorship of New York to that of
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829
GOVERNORS, LIEUTENANT-GOVERNORS, AND SECRETARIES.
Virginia. He was the last colonial governor. He sent out surveying parties in 1773 and 1774 to survey, for himself, lands along and near the Ohio river.
June 29, 1776, Patrick Henry, Jr., the great orator of the Revolution, was elected the first republican governor of Virginia-receiving 60 votes, to 45 cast for Thomas Nelson, Sr., in the convention. The governors of the State of Virginia, up to the time of the separation of Kentucky and its admission into the Union as a State, were :
June 29, 1776 . . . Patrick Henry. December, 1784 . Patrick Henry.
June 1, 1779 . . Thomas Jefferson. December, 1786 . Edmund Randolph.
June 12, 1781 . . . Thomas Nelson. December, 1788 . Beverly Randolph.
November, 1781 . Benj. Harrison. December, 1791 . Henry Lee.
GOVERNORS, LIEUTENANT-GOVERNORS, AND SECRETARIES OF THE COMMONWEALTH.
I. Isaac Shelby, the first Governor, took the oath of office on the 4th of June, 1792, under the first Constitution; James Brown, Secretary of State.
II. James Garrard took the oath of office June 1, 1796. Harry Toulmin, Secretary. The second Constitution was formed 1799.
III. James Garrard, being eligible, was again elected Governor ; Alex- ander S. Bullitt was made the first Lieutenant-Governor; Harry Toulmin, Secretary. 1800.
IV. Christopher Greenup, Governor ; John Caldwell, Lieutenant-Gov- ernor ; John Rowan, Secretary. 1804.
V. Charles Scott, Governor ; Gabriel Slaughter, Lieutenant-Governor; Jesse Bledsoe, Secretary. 1808.
VI. Isaac Shelby, Governor ; Richard Hickman, Lieutenant-Governor ; Martin D. Hardin, Secretary. 1812.
VII. George Madison, Governor ; Gabriel Slaughter, Lieutenant-Gov- ernor; Charles S. Todd, Secretary. 1816. Governor Madison died at Paris, Kentucky, on the 14th of October, 1816, and on the 2 1st of the same month Gabriel Slaughter, Lieutenant-Governor, assumed the duties of Executive. John Pope, and after him, Oliver G. Waggoner, Secretary.
VIII. John Adair, Governor ; William T. Barry, Lieutenant-Governor ; Joseph Cabell Breckinridge, and after him, Thomas B. Monroe, Secretary. 1820.
IX. Joseph Desha, Governor; Robert B. McAfee, Lieutenant-Gov- ernor ; William T. Barry, succeeded by James C. Pickett, Secretary. 1324.
X. Thomas Metcalfe, Governor ; John Breathitt, Lieutenant-Governor ; George Robertson, succeeded by Thomas T. Crittenden, Secretary. 1828. XI. John Breathitt, Governor ; James T. Morehead, Lieutenant-Gov-
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830
HISTORY OF KENTUCKY.
ernor ; Lewis Sanders, Jr., Secretary. Governor Breathitt died on the 2 1st of February, 1834, and on the 22d of the same month, James T. Morehead, the Lieutenant-Governor, took the oath of office as Governor of the State. John J. Crittenden, William Owsley and Austin P. Cox were, successively, Secretary. 1832.
XII. James Clark, Governor ; Charles A. Wickliffe, Lieutenant-Gov- ernor ; James M. Bullock, Secretary. Governor Clark departed this life on the 27th of September, 1839, and on the 5th of October, Charles A. Wickliffe, Lieutenant-Governor, assumed the duties of Governor. 1836.
XIII. Robert P. Letcher, Governor; Manlius V. Thompson, Lieuten- ant-Governor ; James Harlan, Secretary. 1840.
XIV. William Owsley, Governor; Archibald Dixon, Lieutenant-Gov- ernor; Benjamin Hardin, George B. Kinkead and William D. Reed, suc- cessively, Secretary. 1844.
XV. John J. Crittenden, Governor ; John L. Helm, Lieutenant-Gov- ernor; John W. Finnell, Secretary. Governor Crittenden resigned July 31, 1850, and John L. Helm became Governor, until the first Tuesday of September, 1851. 1848-51.
XVI. Lazarus W. Powell, Governor ; John B. Thompson, Lieutenant- Governor ; James P. Metcalfe, Secretary. 1851-55.
XVII. Charles S. Morehead, Governor ; James G. Hardy, Lieutenant- Governor; Mason Brown, Secretary. 1855-59.
XVIII. Beriah Magoffin, Governor ; Linn Boyd, Lieutenant-Governor (died December 17, 1859) ; Thomas B. Monroe, Jr., Secretary. Governor Magoffin resigned August 18, 1862, and James F. Robinson, Speaker of the Senate, became Governor. 1859-63.
XIX. Thomas E. Bramlette, Governor ; Richard T. Jacob, Lieutenant- Governor ; E. L. Van Winkle, died May 23, 1866, succeeded by John S. Van Winkle, Secretary. 1863-67.
XX. John L. Helm, Governor ; John W. Stevenson, Lieutenant.Gov- ernor ; Samuel B. Churchill, Secretary. Governor Helm died September, 8, 1867, and John W. Stevenson took the oath as Governor. In August, 1868, he was elected Governor, serving until February 13, 1871, when he resigned to take his seat in the United States Senate, and the Speaker of the State Senate, Preston H. Leslie, became Governor. 1867-71.
XXI. Preston H. Leslie, Governor ; John G. Carlisle, Lieutenant-Gov- ernor; Andrew J. James, succeeded by George W. Craddock, Secretary of State. 1871-1875.
XXII. James B. McCreary, Governor ; John C. Underwood, Lieuten- ant-Governor: J. Stoddard Johnston, Secretary of State. 1875-79.
XXIII. Luke P. Blackburn, Governor ; James E. Cantrell, Lieutenant- Governor ; S. B. Churchill and J. S. Blackburn, Secretaries. 1879-83.
XXIV. J. Proctor Knott, Governor ; James R. Hindman, Lieutenant- Governor ; James A. Mckenzie, Secretary of State. 1883-87.
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831
KENTUCKY'S FIRST COLONISTS.
XXV. Simon B. Buckner, Governor; James W. Bryan, Lieutenant- Governor; George M. Adams, Secretary of State. 1887-91.
XXVI. John Young Brown, Governor ; M. C. Alford, Lieutenant-Gov- ernor ; John W. Headley, Secretary of State. 1891-1895.
PARENT SETTLEMENTS IN VIRGINIA AND NORTH CAROLINA, FROM WHICH KENTUCKY MAINLY RECEIVED ITS FIRST COLONISTS.
In 1584, Sir Walter Raleigh was authorized, by royal patent from Queen Elizabeth, to "discover and occupy such remote and heathen lands as might not be possessed by Christian people, as to him should seem good." Raleigh equipped and sent out upon this mission two commanders, Ama- dus and Barlow, who landed, in July, upon Roanoke Island, on the shore of North Carolina. Here the " Meteor Flag" of England, as an emblem of authority, was first raised upon the present territory of the United States. After taking formal possession, in the name of his Queen, Amadus returned to England bearing the welcome news of success. In the fullness of her heart, Queen Elizabeth, the virgin queen, gave to the country the name of Virginia.
Popular credulity was easily moved by the glowing description of the loveliness of the scenery, the mildness of the climate, and the gentie hospi- tality of the natives of the new country ; and in the following April, 1585, a colony of over one hundred persons embarked in seven vessels, to plant their homes and fortunes there. They landed on Roanoke Island in July. After the trials of a single year, the adventure proved too discouraging, and the colonists returned to England.
In 1587, Raleigh dispatched John White, commissioned as governor of the colony, with over one hundred others, who landed on the northern end of Roanoke Island, and began the foundations of "the city of Raleigh." White returned to England and left the colonists in other care. Among these was Eleanor Dare, his married daughter, who gave birth to a female infant, the first white child born of English parents in America. It was called, from the place of its birth, Virginia Dare.
The liberal provisions of Raleigh for this last colony could not avert for it a fate less fortunate than that which befell the first. It was not until 1590, three years after he set sail, that White was able to return to its relief. On landing and searching Roanoke Island and vicinity, not a trace of the colonists could be found. Either they perished in some way, or else,'in despair, they amalgamated with the Indians, as conjectured by Law- son, the first historian of Carolina. Raleigh now assigned to Thomas Smith and others the privileges of the trade of the Virginia coast, reserv- ing for himself one-fifth of the gold and silver that might be discovered.
832
HISTORY OF KENTUCKY.
In 1607, a fleet of three ships, with one hundred emigrants, under Cap- tain Newport, sailed from England for the coast of new Virginia ; but dis- """tress of weather forced them to put in at Chesapeake Bay. The settle- ment of Jamestown was established there, and fostered under the wise and energetic administration of Captain John Smith. It is believed that his genius and courage alone saved this settlement from the fate of the colo- nies of Roanoke. The settlement on the James flourished, and expanded its frontier to the Potomac river in the interior, and southward along the coast toward Albemarle Sound, for over half a century, before it again could awaken and arouse an interest strong enough to revive and plan the third and final experiment to establish an English colony on the Carolina coast. A nucleus of attraction had been formed. From time to time some Quakers, and other refugees from religious or political intolerance, settled about the Albemarle coasts, and cultivated friendly relations with the Indian tribes adjacent. In July, 1653, a colony from Virginia, led by Roger Green, settled on the banks of the Roanoke, south of Chowan river.
On the 24th of March, 1663, Charles II. granted to Edward, Earl of Clarendon, Sir John Colleton, Sir William Berkeley, Sir George Carteret, and others, all the country between latitudes 31° and 36°, from the Atlan- tic to the Pacific ocean, called Carolina, in honor of the royal donor. The same year, Sir William Berkeley, governor of the Colony of Virginia, visited the province, and appointed William Drummond its governor. Extensive as was the munificent grant made, it was enlarged in the pro- prietary interests of the same parties, in 1665, to include all the country between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, from latitude 29° to 36° 30'. Two colonies, Albemarle and Carteret, were established. The first Assem- bly that made laws for Carolina met in the autumn of 1669; though the "General Assembly of the County of Albemarle" had met two years before.
The proceedings of the colonists of Virginia and North Carolina were of the maternal plants, from which sprang the imperishable germ of liberty, which, after the turbulent agitations of a century, accomplished destiny in the Declaration of Independence, in 1776, and gave to the oppressed of all nations an asylum for the free in the Republic of the United States. Among the powers conceded to the lord proprietors were those of enacting laws and constitutions for the people, with their advice and consent, or that of their delegates assembled from time to time. No freer country was ever organized by man. Freedom of conscience and taxation only with their own consent were first objects. Exemption from taxation for a year, non-recovery of debts, the cause of action of which arose out of the colony, within five years, a bounty of land to each settler, were provisions which suited the primitive people, who were as free as the air of the mountains, and as rough as the billowy ocean when oppressed. Their sense of manly independence could not brook the restraints of a government imposed from
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S33
THE COUNTIES OF KENTUCKY.
abroad ; yet the administration was firm, humane, and tranquil when left to govern themselves-a marked instance of the capacity of man for self- government.
In 1671, Virginia numbered forty thousand souls ; Albemarle, as North Carolina was then called, over fourteen hundred. Settlements gradually extended down the coasts, around Capes Fear and Carteret, Clarendon and Port Royal.
The early colonists of Virginia and Carolina gave repeated evidences of their jealous love of liberty, and of their readiness to resist all forms of tyranny, for nearly one hundred years before the war of the Revolution. Not only were these sentiments expressed in frequent protests on occasions of abuse of power by those in authority, but in acts of resistance and rebellion when the impositions became oppressive and flagrant.
From such an ancestral origin remotely came, in the main, the daring and adventurous pioneers of Kentucky, of whose deeds of heroism and adven- ture their children of to-day love to read, and to hold in proud remembrance.
119 COUNTIES IN KENTUCKY, 1895.
ESTAR-
POPULATION.
NAME.
FOR WHOM NAMED.
COUNTY TOWN.
LISHED.
1890.
Adair
General John
. Columbia
1801
13,721
Allen
Colonel John
Scottsville . 1815
13,692
Anderson Richard C.
Lawrenceburg. 1827 10,610
Ballard
Captain Bland
Wickliffe
1842
8.390
Barren
· Treeless prairie
Glasgow .
179S
21.490
Bath
. Bath Springs
. Owingsville
: 12,813
Bell
Joshua F.
Pineville . 1867
10,312
Boone
Daniel .
. Burlington 1798 12,246
Bourbon
Bourbons of France . Paris
1785
16,976
Boyd
Hon. Linn
Catlettsburg . 1860
14,033
Boyle
Judge John
Danville. 1812
12,948
Bracken . William, pioneer
. Brookville . 1796
12,369
Breathitt
. Governor John
. Jackson . 1839
8,705
Breckinridge
. John
Hardinsburg 1799
IS.976
Bullitt. .
Alexander Scott .
Shepherdsville . 1796
8,291
Butler
General of Revolution . Morgantown .
1810
13.956
Caldwell .
. General John
Princeton
13,186
Calloway
. Colonel Richard .
Murray 822
14.675
Campbell
Colonel John
Newport. 1794
44,208
Carlisle
John G. .
. Bardwell. 1886
7,612
Carroll
Charles
Carrollton . 838
9,266.
Carter
. Colonel William G.
Grayson .
IS38
17,204
Casey
. Colonel William
Liberty
1806
11,848
Christian Colonel William .
. Hopkinsville. 1796
34,118
Clark
General George Rogers. Winchester 1792
15.434
Clay .
General Green .
. Manchester 1806
12.447
Clinton
. Governor of New York, Albany
1835
7,047
53
834
HISTORY OF KENTUCKY.
NAME.
FOR WHOM NAMED.
COUNTY TOWN.
ESTAB- LISHED.
1590.
Crittenden . .. John Jay
Marion
1842
13,119
Cumberland . .
. River of same .
Burksville . 798
8,452
Daviess Colonel Joseph H.
Owensboro 1815
33,120
Edmonson .
. Colonel John
Brownsville
IS25
8,005
Elliott. . Judge John M.
Martinsburg .
1869
9,214
Estill
Captain James
Irvine .
ISOS
10,836
Fayette
. General LaFayette
. Lexington . 1780
35,698 j
Fleming
Colonel John
Flemingsburg 1798
16,078
Floyd .
Colonel John
Prestonsburg
. 1799
11,256
Franklin
Benjamin
Frankfort
· 1794
21,267
Fulton
. Robert
Hickman
845
IO, 205
Gallatin
Albert .
Warsaw .
1795
4,611
Garrard
Governor James
Lancaster
1796
11,138
Grant
Samuel
Williamstown
IS20
12,671
Graves
. Captain Benjamin
Mayfield S23
28,534
Grayson
Colonel William
. Leitchfield . ISIO
18,6SS
Green .
General Nathaniel
. Greensburg
1792
11,463
Greenup.
. Governor Christopher . Greenup.
I SO3
11,91I
Hancock.
. John Hancock
Hawesville. IS29
9,214
Hardin
. Colonel John
. Elizabethtown. . 1792
21,304
Harlan
Major Silas
Harlan C. H .. ISI9
6,197
Harrison
. Colonel Benjamin
Cynthiana. 1793
16,914
Hart.
Captain Nathaniel
Munfordsville . 1819
16,439
Henderson
Colonel Richard
. Henderson 1798
29.536
Hickman
Captain Paschal
Clinton
1821
11,637
Jackson
. General Audrew
. McKee
IS58
8,261
Jefferson .
Thomas .
. Louisville
1780
ISS.598
Jessamine
Miss Douglass, mas'cred, Nicholasville
1798
11,248
Johnson
Colonel Richard M. . . Paintsville
IS43
11,027
Kenton
. Captain Simon .
Covington 1840
54,161
Knott
. Governor J. Proctor
Hindman 18S.4
5,438
Knox
. General Henry
Barboursville
1799
13,762
Larue
. John, pioneer
Hodgensville
1843
9.433
Laurel
. Laurel river .
London
1825
13,747
Lawrence
. Captain James .
Louisa
1821
17,701
Lee
. General Robert E.
Beattyville ISTO
6,205
Leslie .
. Governor Preston H. . . Hyden
ISS
3,964
Letcher
. Governor Robert P. . . Whitesburg
IS.12
6,920
Lewis
. Captain Merriwether . . Vanceburg
. Stanford.
17SO
15.962
Livingston.
Robert R. .
Smithland
1798
9,474
Logan
General Benjamin
Russellville
1792
23,812
Lyon
Chittenden
Eddyville IS54
7,628
Madison .
. President James
Richmond .
785
24,348
Magoffin . Governor Beriah
Salyersville
9,196
Marion General Francis
Lebanon 1834
15.648
Marshall .
. Chief Justice John
Benton
IS42
II,287
Martin
. Colonel John P. .
Inez
IS70
4,209
Henry.
Patrick Henry
New Castle 1798
14,164
Hopkins. . General Samuel
Madisonville
1806
23,505
14,803
Lincoln
General Benjamin .
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POPULATION,
835
POPULATION OF THE STATE IN 1890.
NAME.
FOR WHOM NAMED.
COUNTY TOWN.
LISHED.
POPULATION, 1390.
Mason . ...
George
. Maysville
ITSS
20,773
McCracken
Captain Virgil
Paducah .
IS24
21,051
McLean
. Judge Alney .
Calhoun I854
9,887
Meade
. Captain James
Brandenburg
IS23
9,484
Menifee
Richard H.
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