USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Lexington > History of the town of Lexington, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, from its first settlement to 1868, with a genealogical register of Lexington families > Part 1
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1800
Glass F74
Book
1.67H9
J. il Bufford's 14th Boston
THE REV. JOHN HANCO SK.
HISTORY
OF THE
TOWN OF LEXINGTON,
MIDDLESEX COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS,
FROM ITS
FIRST SETTLEMENT TO 1868,
WITH A
GENEALOGICAL REGISTER
OF LEXINGTON FAMILIES.
44288 HARCSS.
THISCHAN DEPOSIT. *
BY CHARLES HUDSON,
MEMBER OF THE MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL, THE NEW ENGLAND HISTORIC-GENEALOGICAL, AND THE AMERICAN ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETIES.
BOSTON: WIGGIN & LUNT, PUBLISHERS, 221 WASHINGTON STREET. 1868.
1 ..
iv
INTRODUCTORY NOTE.
Of the illustrations bound with this work, the portraits of Rev. Mr. Hancock, Col. Munroe, and the author were furnished by their respective descendants ; and those of Theodore Parker, Rev. Dr. and Mrs. Follen, and Rev. Mr. Stetson, by their numerous friends resident in the vicinity. The views of dwelling-houses, including the Lexington House, were, except as stated below, supplied by their present or late owners ; and those of public buildings by citizens' subscriptions.
In the exercise of the powers given to them, the Committee have inserted the following illustrations at the town's expense, viz. : a lithographie portrait of Jonathan Harrington ; wood engravings of the Clarke House, the old Munroe Tavern, the Monument, the proposed Monument, and the Battle Scene on the 19th of April ; diagrams of Lexington Common, and the Old North Bridge at Concord, with their surroundings as they were in 1775 ; and fac similes of the autographs of twenty-nine men whose names are affixed to public documents which are a part of the History. It was thought that nothing ought to be omitted from the book, which could serve to explain, or invest with addi- tional interest, the events narrated.
After a considerable progress had been made in the print- ing, the author apprised us that the amount of matter pre- pared by him would probably exceed, in print, the number of pages he had contemplated ; but that he could not materially abridge the History without departing from his original plan, and impairing the symmetry and completeness of the work. Much interesting matter on the subject of slavery has been omitted. But we found that the great length of the manuscript was prin- cipally due to the minuteness with which the author had told the story of the nineteenth of April, 1775, and set forth the causes and consequences of the events recited. The citizens of Lexington will not need to be convinced, that on no account should such a narrative be abridged in the annals of such a town.
JOHN C. BLASDEL. JONAS GAMMELL. JOHN W. HUDSON.
LEXINGTON, JUNE, 1868.
PREFACE.
IN preparing the following History, I have labored under the embarrassments felt by every one who undertakes to compile the annals of a town, arising from the meagre and imperfect charac- ter of municipal records. This is particularly true of the records of births, deaths, and marriages. There is scarcely a family whose genealogy can be accurately traced, in our public archives, through two generations. There will be omissions of births and deaths, or a minute so brief that it is next to impossible to determine whether the child born belongs to this family or that ; or whether the person who died is the father or the son in the particular family, or whether he belongs to this family or another of the same surname. So of the entry of many marriages,- there is nothing to determine whether the parties belong to the town where the marriage is recorded or not.
It is the fortune of those who compile our local histories, and especially if they deal with the genealogy of families, to rest under the imputation of being inaccurate ; when the fault is in the record, or in the absence of all record, rather than in the compiler. In fact any person who undertakes to write a local history from the records of the town alone, would confer no favor upon the public, unless it be to show how defective those records are. It is well understood by all those who have had experience, that the labor of gleaning from the town or city books, constitutes but a small portion of the actual labor to be performed. While gleaning from the records, the compiler's work is before him; but when he goes elsewhere to supply defects or explain what is recorded, he enters an unexplored field, and many fruitless days must be spent in search of the needed
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PREFACE.
information. And it is not till he has had experience, that he learns where and how to direct his inquiries, and to separate facts from fiction.
In some of our towns, a portion of the records are lost. Lex- ington town records are continuous from the first. There is, however, one serious defect in the list of marriages. In past times the records of deaths and marriages were generally kept by the clergymen. Rev. Mr. Hancock, who was a clergyman in Lexington more than half a century, was very full and accurate in his entries. And while we have his lists of deaths and baptisms from 1698 to the time of his death, we have no account of his marriages till 1750. He must have kept a full record from the first, which is destroyed or lost. This has proved a great embarrassment in preparing the genealogy, though many of these defects have been supplied from other sources.
There is also a general defect in records, arising from the brevity of the entries. When an event is recent, and the details are fresh in the memory of the people, a concise memorandum may apparently answer the purpose. But when the event is for- gotten, such a brief entry becomes almost useless. All records should be self-explaining ; so that they can be understood at any future day. Another defect arises from the fact that reports of Committees, appointed to obtain the facts in a given case, are not recorded. The record may say that the report is accepted and "placed on file." But in the country towns, where they have no permanent place to deposit their papers, such reports are soon lost or destroyed.
I do not apply these remarks to Lexington in particular, for I find her records better than those of some other towns. But in examining town records in various places, I have found the defects which I have stated ; and fidelity to the cause of history has prompted me to make these statements, in the hope that the evil, which every historian has experienced, may be avoided. Records are not made for the day or year in which they are written, but for posterity. An important historic fact may turn on a single line in the record of an obscure town. A name or a date, may enable a writer of biography, or a genealogist, to give a connected narrative, which would be broken or disjointed, if the name or date were omitted in the record. It is an easy thing, in
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PREFACE.
entering the birth or baptism of a child, to give the name of the parent ; or in recording the death of a person, to give the age ; or in recording a marriage, to state the residence of the parties, or the parents of the bride. A little care in adding these partic- ular items, would materially increase the value of our records. And in regard to the reports of Committees, they should be entered in a book kept for that purpose, and be preserved.
An embarrassment peculiar to the preparation of this History, has arisen from the fact, that for half a century after the first settlement of what is now Lexington, no records were kept within the place. This territory being a part of Cambridge, when an event worthy of notice occurred therein, it passed unre- corded, or if it were recorded at Cambridge, there is nothing to show whether it occurred at Old Cambridge, or at " Cambridge Farms." If Lexington had been a separate, independent settle- ment, she would have had a common centre, and records of her own from the first. The fact that Cambridge Farms were thus isolated, and that there was no common centre around which the settlers could cluster, induced those who were coming into the territory, to locate near some permanent settlement, that they might enjoy the advantages of intercourse and association with the surrounding towns. And hence the first settlements were generally near the borders of Cambridge, Watertown, Woburn or Concord. This circumstance would naturally tend to postpone a central organization ; and even after such an organization was effected, their old associations would partially continue, and their marriages and baptisms would to some extent be entered in the border towns. These things have tended to make the early his- tory of the town more meagre than it otherwise would have been.
But these embarrassments I have labored to overcome by con- sulting the records of the neighboring towns, and having recourse to the published town Histories, and the Genealogies of other families. The files of the Probate Office, the State Archives and the County Records have enabled me to supply many defects. In the Revolutionary history I have been materially aided by the American Archives and Frothingham's Siege of Boston. I have endeavored to give a full and impartial history of the town, and an ample Genealogy of the families. How far I have succeeded, I leave the public to judge.
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PREFACE.
It only remains for me to make my acknowledgments to those who have kindly favored me with facilities for information. My thanks are due to many individuals within the town, who have furnished me old family papers from which much intelli- gence has been derived. Among those, I will mention Col. Philip Russell, William Chandler, Esq., Messrs. Charles Tidd, Elias Smith, David Harrington, Bowen Harrington, Jonas Gam- mell, and the late Dea. Mulliken. Nor should I omit the kind- ness of Miss Mary Merriam, who has ever manifested a strong desire to render all possible aid ; and who has furnished valuable books and papers bearing upon the subject of the history. Many other persons have readily supplied facts relative to the Geneal- ogy of their respective families. I must also make my acknowl- edgments to Mr. Charles Brown for the loan of a list of deaths, covering a period of nearly forty years, kept by his father, from which many defects in our record of deaths have been supplied. A similar acknowledgment is due to Mrs. H. Pierce, for a list of deaths kept by the venerable Jonathan Harrington, nearly up to the time of his decease.
My thanks are due to Albert W. Bryant, Esq., the accommo- dating Town Clerk, for a free use of the books and papers in his custody, to the Librarians of Harvard College, of the State Library, and of the Boston Athenanm, for facilities rendered in consulting authorities. Nor should I neglect to mention the kindness of Francis Brown, Esq., of Boston, in lending me a large quantity of valuable papers left by his uncle, Edmund Munroe of Boston, which have been of great service ; or the readiness with which Henry Clarke, Esq., of Boston, granted me the use of several volumes of the Diary of his honored father, Rev. Jonas Clarke, kept in an interleaved Almanac, which have proved of great value.
CHARLES HUDSON.
LEXINGTON, JUNE 1, 1868.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
FROM THE FIRST SETTLEMENT TO THE INCORPORATION AS A TOWN.
Origin of towns, page 17 .. Value of town meetings, 20. . Importance of town histories, 23. . Character of the Puritans, 24. . Puritan colonies compared with others, 29. . Early history of Lexington involved in that of Cambridge, 32. . Cambridge designed as the seat of government, 32. . Cambridge seeks an increase of territory, 33 .. Additional land granted to Cambridge, 33. . Removal of Rev. Mr. Hooker and his flock, 33. . The College established, 35 .. Cambridge designed as a fortified eamp, 35. . Shawshine granted to Cambridge, 36. . Early proprietors of what is now Lexington, 38. . Early settlers of Cambridge Farms, 39 .. Their location, 40. . The Farms incorporated as a precinct, 44. . Sub- scription for a meeting house, 47. . The first tax bill, 48. . Ministerial land purchased, 50. . Rev. Mr. Estabrook invited to preach for them, 50. . The people build him a house, 51. . Mr. Estabrook ordained, 52 .. His death, 53. . Mr. Hancock settled, 53 .. Meeting house further fin- ished, 53. . Ammunition and school money asked for, 54. . The Common purchased, 55. . The people desire to be incorporated as a town, 56 .. Voted to build a new meeting house, 57. . Hardships and privations of the first settlers, 58. . Prominence of the religious idea, 59. . Military titles and military men, 60.
CHAPTER II.
FROM THE INCORPORATION OF THE TOWN TO THE CLOSE OF THE FRENCH WARS.
The town incorpora: ', page 61. . Its organization, 62. . A pound and stocks ordered, 63. . Weight and measures provided, 63. . An appropriation for a new meeting house, 63. . Roads laid out, 64. . The first public house, 64. . Meeting house seated, 65. . Reseated, 67. . Ebenezer Hancock settled
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CONTENTS.
as colleague with his father, 67. . Duty of tythingmen at church, 69 .. North and South side, 70. . Representatives to serve for six shillings per day, 70. . Bedford incorporated, 71. . Death of Rev. Ebenezer Hancock, 71. . Death of Rev. John Hancock, 71. . Rev. Jonas Clarke settled, 73. . Lincoln incorporated, taking off a portion of Lexington, 74. . Represen- tatives to pay to town treasurer all they receive over three shillings per day, 76. . Isaac Stone gives the town a bell, 77. . A belfry erected, 77 .. A school house built in the centre of the town, 77. . The French wars, 78. . Expedition to Cuba, 79 .. To Louisburg, 79. . Lexington men in the French war, SO .. Warning out of town, 80. . Past and present com- pared, 83.
CHAPTER III.
CIVIL HISTORY FROM 1763 TO 1775.
Natural expectation of the colonists, page 85. . The clergy in favor of liberty, 87. . The stamp act, 88. . Rev. Mr. Clarke's instructions to the Represen- tatives, 88. . Declaration of rights and resolutions, 92. . A day of prayer to be kept, 94. . Resolutions declaratory of their rights, 95. . Represen- tative instructed, 96. . Committee of correspondence chosen, 99. . Stamp aet repealed, 99 .. Importation of tea, 100. . Instruction to representa- tive, 102. . People prepare for the contest, 103. . The pervading sentiment in the community, 105.
CHAPTER IV.
CAUSES OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION.
Feeling towards the mother country, page 107. . The true issue, 109. . Massa- chusetts first to deny Parliament's right to legislate for the colonies, 110 .. Massachusetts charter annulled, 111 .. Andros appointed Governor, with despotic powers, 111 .. Andros imprisoned and his government overthrown, 112. . Massachusetts charter renewed, 112 .. Writs of assis- tance granted, 114 .. Opposed by Otis, 114 .. Opposition to the stamp. aet, 115. . Stamp officer hung in effigy, 116. . A General Congress meet in New York, 117. . Parliament urges impost duties, 118. . A ship of war sent to Boston, 118 .. Citizens impressed to serve on board the ship, 119. . The people remonstrate, 119. . Gov. Barnard calls upon the Legislature to rescind their resolve denying the power of Parliament to tax them, 119. . The Legislature refuse, 119 .. The Governor dis- solves the Legislature, 119. . The people petition for a new eleetion, but the Governor refuses to order one, 120. . Troops arrive from Hali- fax, but the people refuse to furnish them quarters or rations, 121 .. Barnard recalled, 122 .. Convenes the Legislature that they may vote his salary; 122. . The Legislature refuse unless the military be with
CONTENTS. xi
drawn, 122 .. The Legislature adjourn to Cambridge, 122. . The House refuse to grant his salary, but ask for his removal, 122. . Barnard suc- ceeded by Hutchinson, 123. . Boston appeals to the world, 123. . Boston massacre, 123. . Hutchinson requested to remove the troops, and finally consents, 124 .. Committees of correspondence established, 126. . Hut- chinson attempts to make the House admit or disprove the supremacy of Parliament over them, 126. . Hutchinson's treachery exposed, 126 .. The East India Company ship tea to Boston, which is thrown into the dock. 127 .. Massachusetts leads in opposition to the encroachment of Parliament, 129.
CHAPTER V. GOVERNOR GAGE'S ADMINISTRATION.
Passage of the Boston Port Bill, page 133. . Gage appointed Governor, 134 . . His instruction from Dartmouth, 134. . Gage arrives in Boston, 135 .. The bill goes into operation, 135. . Bells tolled, and a day of fasting and prayer appointed, 135. . Boston holds a town meeting, 135 .. Two other bills passed by Parliament transferring appointments to the Crown and changing fundamentally our charter, 136. . Four counties met in convention, 137. . Resolutions adopted, 137. . Officers appointed by the Crown compelled to resign and jurors refused to be sworn, 137 .. Mid- dlesex convention's address, 137 .. Gage forbids the holding of public meetings, 138. . Seizes public powder at Charlestown and fortifies Bos- ton Neck, 138. . Gage calls a General Court, 140. . Revokes the call, 141 .. A Provincial Congress organized at Salem, and adjourned to Con- cord, 141. . The Provincial Congress recommend an organization of the militia, appoint general officers, and committees of supplies and safety, 142. . They appoint delegates to the Continental Congress, 143. . The Provincial Congress publish an address to the people, 147 .. Select Worcester and Concord as depots for supplies, and appoint a day of fasting and prayer, 148. . Our fathers not rebels, 149.
CHAPTER VI. THE BATTLE OF LEXINGTON.
Importance of the events on the 19th of April, page 152. . The policy of Gen. Gage, 155 .. His expedition to Salem, 156 .. Warren's oration, 157 .. Seizure of Ditson, attack upon Hancock's house, and other acts of violence, 157. . The second Provincial Congress meet at Concord, and adopt rules and regulations for the army, and send messengers to New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, to enlist them in the cause, 158. . Take measures to prevent a surprise, 159. . Percy sent to Jamaica Plains, 159. . The action of the clergy, 160. . The teaching of Rev. Jonas Clarke, 161. . Provincial Congress at Concord adjourn, 163. . Design to seize Hancock and Adams, 163. . Efforts of the committee of supplies,
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CONTENTS.
165. . Gage sends out officers on the 18th of April, 1775, preparatory to his movement upon Concord, 167. . These officers carefully watched, 168 .. They seize several citizens, 168 .. Movement of British troops in Boston carefully noted, and intelligence sent to Lexington, 169. . Situa- tion of the village, 172. . The British troops leave Boston, 174. . Smith becomes alarmed, sends Pitcairn forward with the light troops, and calls upon Gage for a reinforcement, 175. . They reach Lexington about daylight, and find Capt. Parker's men forming upon the Common, 177 .. They fire upon the Americans, some of whom return the fire, 178 .. The British move on to Concord, 183. . The Americans retreat over the North bridge, 187. . Detachment sent to Col. Barrett's house to destroy stores, a part stop to guard the bridge, 187. . The Americans approach the bridge and are fired upon and Capt. Davis and Hosmer fall, 190 .. The fire returned and one British soldier killed, 190. . The British com- mence their retreat, 193. . They are pursued by the Americans, 194 .. The retreat soon becomes a rout, 195. . Smith attempts to rally his troops, and is severely wounded, 196. . Percy sent to sustain Smith, 198 .. Yankee Doodle, 198. . Percy meets Smith's fugitives in Lexington, 200.
CHAPTER VII. BATTLE OF LEXINGTON, CONTINUED.
Perey assumes the command, page 203. . Heath and Warren join the Pro- vincials, 204. . Percy commences his retreat, 204. . The militia gather at West Cambridge, 204. . Zeal of the Danvers men, 205 .. Warren par- ticularly active, 206. . British barbarity, 206. . Col. Aspinwall's state- ment, 208. . The British arrive at Charlestown, 209. . The suffering of their troops, 210. . Their loss, 211. . List of the Americans killed and wounded, 211. . The influence of the events of that day, 214. . The day celebrated in Lexington, 214. . Monument at Lexington, 215 .. A Na- tional Monument contemplated, 218. . Monuments at Concord, Aeton, West Cambridge, and Danvers, 219. . Middlesex a Monumental County, 221. . The claim of Concord to the peculiar honors of the day con- sidered, 222.
CHAPTER VIII.
THE EFFECTS OF THE BATTLE OF LEXINGTON.
The idea of Independence of slow growth, page 235 .. Independence fore- seen by Adams, Hawley, and others, 237. . Bancroft's misapprehension on this subject, 237. . Capt. Parker virtually acted under orders, 242 .. The intelligence of the attack at Lexington spread rapidly, 245. . Its effect upon the Colonies, 246. . A vessel sent to England with the intel- ligence, 249 .. Its effects upon the ministry and the people of Great Britain, 250.
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CONTENTS.
CHAPTER IX.
FROM THE COMMENCEMENT TO THE CLOSE OF THE REVO- LUTION.
Capt. Parker's company called to Cambridge on the 6th of May and on the 17th of June, 1775, page 254. . By-laws of the company, 255. . Efforts of Lexington to raise her quota of men, 256 .. A Pledge signed by promi- nent citizens, 257. . The effort to frame a Constitution, the views of Lexington on the subject, 259. . A Constitution submitted and objected to by Lexington, 262. . Prices of articles during the Revolution, 265 .. Another Constitution framed, and adopted by Lexington, 267. . Depre- ciation of the currency, 268. . Efforts of Lexington to raise her quota of men, 273. . Instructions to her representative, 275.
CHAPTER X. FROM THE PEACE OF 1783 TO THE YEAR 1830.
Population in 1783, page 278. . Shay's rebellion, 279 .. A new meeting house built, 281. . Jay's Treaty, 282. . Death of Rev. Mr. Clarke, 283 .. Rev. Mr. Williams settled, 284. . Green's oration, 284. . Mr. Williams dismissed, 284. . The Great Bridge rebuilt, 284. . The 4th of July, 1814, celebrated, 285. . Reception of Lafayette, and Mr. Phinney's address, 286. . Phinney's History of Lexington Battle, 288 .. Adams's letter in defence of Acton, 289 .. Stetson's oration, 290.
CHAPTER XI. FROM THE YEAR 1830 TO 1867.
The 19th of April celebrated by the town, page 291. . The remains of the martyrs removed, 292. . The Ministerial Fund, controversy concerning, 294. . Kossuth visits Lexington, 299. . Death of Jonathan. Harrington, the last survivor of the Battle of Lexington, 301. . The breaking out of the Rebellion, 305. . Lexington sends her quota of men, 306 .. Funeral solemnities on the death of President Lincoln, 309. . Character of Abra- ham Lincoln, 311.
CHAPTER XII.
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, FROM 1692 TO THE DEATH OF THE REV. MR. HANCOCK.
Incorporation of the Precinct, page 315. . Establishment of the ministry, 316. . The gathering of the church and the ordination of their first ยก minister, 316. . Death of Mr. Estabrook, 318. . The call and settlement
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CONTENTS.
of Mr. Hancock, 320 .. The settlement and death of Rev. Ebenezer Hancock, 320. . Character of Rev. John Hancock, 321. . He was remark- able for his industry, 322. . Ilis social qualities, 323. . Distinguished for his wisdom, 325. . His death, 327. . Ilis writings, 328.
CHAPTER XIII.
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, FROM THE SETTLEMENT TO THE DEATH OF REV. MR. CLARKE.
Call and settlement of Rev. Jonas Clarke, page 329. . Change of hymn books, 331. . Character of Mr. Clarke, 334. . His industry, 336. . Mr. Clarke a statesman as well as a divine, 337. . His publications, 337 .. His Election Sermon, 339. . Sermon before the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company, 341. . Mr. Hancock and Mr. Clarke compared, 343.
CHAPTER XIV.
ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS, FROM THE DEATH OF MR. CLARKE TO THE PRESENT DAY.
Mr. Williams invited to become pastor and accepts, page 346. . His dis- mission, 346. . Settlement and dismission of Mr. Briggs, 347. . Ministry of Mr. Swett, 348. . Settlement and death of Mr. Whitman, 349 .. Ministry of Mr. Barrett, 352. . Ministry of Mr. Staples, 352. . Ministry of Mr. Livermore, 353. . Settlement of Mr. Westcott, 356. . The Second Congregational Society, 356. . Dr. Follen employed, 357. . He was lost in the steamer Lexington, on Long Island Sound, 357. . Notice of his life and character, 358. . Ministry of Mr. Dorr, 360. . Ministry of Mr. Bridge, 361. . Union Society, and employment of Mr. Stowe, 361. . The Baptist Society and its clergymen, 362. . The Universalist Society and their clergymen, 363. . The Roman Catholics, 363. . The Orthodox meeting house, 363.
CHAPTER XV.
EDUCATION.
Interest felt in education by our fathers, page 364. . A school house built and schools established, 365 .. A grammar school, 365. . Sometimes a moving school, 366. . Second school house built, 367. . Appropriations for schools, 367. . Other houses erected, 367. . A report in relation to the school system, 368. . School law of 1827, 368. . Effect of private upon public schools, 369. . Lexington Academy, 370. . Board of Educa- tion created, 371. . Normal School in Lexington, 372. . School appro- priations, 374. . Dr. Lewis's school for Young Ladies, 375.
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CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XVI.
MILITARY AFFAIRS.
No early record of the military, page 377. . Officers mentioned, 377. . Men who served in the Indian and French wars, 378. . List of Capt. Par- ker's company in 1775, 383. . Men called to Cambridge, 385 .. Men who served in the Revolution, 386. . War a necessary evil, 393. . Offieers and soldiers in service in the Rebellion, 396.
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