USA > Massachusetts > Historical collections, being a general collection of interesting facts, traditions, biographical sketches, anecdotes, &c., relating to the history and antiquities of every town in Massachusetts, with geographical descriptions > Part 69
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The first church was gathered here in 1750, and Rev. James Humphrey was ordained their pastor the same year. After con- tinuing with this church 31 years, at his request he was dismissed
Vien in the central part of Athol.
in 1782. He was succeeded, in 1787, by Rev. Jos. Eastabrook. Mr. Eastabrook died in 1830, and was succeeded by Rev. Josiah Moore, who resigned in 1832 ; the next minister was Rev. Linus H. Shaw, who was settled in 1834. The Orthodox church was organized in 1830. The first minister, Rev. Baruch B. Beckwith, was settled in 1831 ; he was succeeded by Rev. James F. Warner, in 1835.
The above is a north view in the central part of Athol. The vil- lage at this place consists of about 50 dwelling-houses, 4 mercan- tile stores, and a number of mechanic shops. This place is 32 miles from Worcester, 22 from Greenfield, 14 from Barre, 25 from Keene, N. H., 100 from Albany, N. Y., and 70 from Boston.
The surface of this township is uneven, rocky, and somewhat hilly ; the soil is not as good as some, though there are many fine farms. The town has its full share of water. Miller's river is a considerable stream, has a rapid current, and affords great water privileges. This river received its name in consequence of a man
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being drowned in it, by the name of Miller, in attempting to pass it in his way to Northfield. The Indians called it Peyquage. It runs westerly, and empties into Connecticut river. The second stream in size is "Tully's brook," or river, which flows into Mil- ler's river on the west side of the town. In this town are a cotton factory, paper-mill, a large scythe establishment, cupola furnace, door and sash factory, large cabinet works, turning mills, &c. There are six churches, 2 Congregational, 2 Methodist, 1 Baptist and 1 Universalist. Population, 1,603. In 1837, there was 1 cotton mill, 1,024 spindles ; cotton goods manufactured, 316,100 yards ; hands employed, 10 males, 45 females. Boots manufactured, 16,312 pairs; shoes, 38,333 pairs; value of boots and shoes, $58,741; males employed, 79; females, 37.
AUBURN.
THIS town was formerly part of Worcester, Sutton, Leicester, and Oxford, incorporated a town by the name of Ward in 1778; so named in honor of Artemas Ward, the first major-general in the Revolutionary war, who died at Shrewsbury, Oct. 28, 1800. It received the name of Auburn in 1837. It was made a poll par- ish in 1773, and in 1776 the church was embodied, and the next year Rev. Isaac Bailey was ordained their pastor.
This town is uneven, but the hills are not very high. The soil is in general fertile, and suited to both grazing and tillage. The town is, perhaps, as well watered by springs and perennial rivulets as any town in the county.
The principal stream is French river. There are 4 small ponds; the largest is situated about a mile south of the meeting-house. There is an outlet from this pond to the north, usually called Dark Brook, and an inlet at the south, while the pond is in its natural state; but by an artifi- cial raising of the water about 4 feet, the current in the inlet is reversed, and the discharge of water is to the south. 'Two churches, 1 Congregational and 1 Baptist. Distance, 5 miles S. by W. of Worcester, and 45 W. S. W. of Boston. Population, 1,183. In 1837, there were in the town 1 woollen mill, 1 paper-mill, 1 card manufactory, 3 shingle mills, 1 lath mill, and 1 sash and blind factory.
BARRE.
THIS town was the north-west part of Rutland original grant. It was made a district in 1749, and called Rutland District, until it was incorporated a town in 1774; when the name of Barre was given to it, as a token of respect to Col. Barre, a worthy friend of America, at that time a member of the British house of commons. The Congregational church was gathered here in 1753, and Rev.
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BARRE.
Thomas Frink was installed their pastor. He was dismissed in 1766, and was succeeded the next year by Rev. Josiah Dana. Mr. Dana died in 1801, and was succeeded by Rev. James Thompson in 1804. A Trinitarian society was formed here in 1827. Their first pastor, Rev. John Storrs, was ordained in 1829. He was succeeded by Rev. Moses G. Grosvenor in 1832. The succeeding ministers were Rev. John F. Stone, installed in 1834, and Rev. Samuel A. Fay, in 1837.
ELYAN HELT
SE BROWN.
Vien in the central part of Barre.
The above is a southern view in the central part of Barre, as seen from the Barre Hotel. The Unitarian church appears in the central part of the engraving; a part of the town-house, recently erected, is seen on the right. Barre is a large, flourishing, and well- built village. A newspaper is published in the place.
The land in this town is very hilly and uneven, but the soil is excellent, and it may be called one of the best townships of land in the county. It is watered by Ware river and branches. The pro- duct of this town in beef, pork, butter, and cheese, for the Boston market, is considerable. There are 6 churches, 2 Congregational, 2 Methodist, 1 Baptist, and 1 Universalist. Distance, 21 miles N. by W. of Worcester, and 60 miles westward of Boston. Popula- tion, 2,713. In 1837, there was 1 cotton mill, 2,550 spindles ; cotton goods manufactured, 720,000 yards; valued at $57,600; males employed, 55 ; females, 20; two woollen mills; 35,000 yards of cloth were manufactured, valued at $104,000; males employed, 40 ; females, 26; one powder-mill; 100,000 lbs. of powder were manufactured. There were 607,000 palm-leaf hats manufactured ; value, $167,200; there were 5 carriage, 1 copper pump, 3 scythe, 1 tin, and 1 axe manufactories.
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BOLTON.
BERLIN.
THIS town was taken chiefly from Bolton, and a small part of it from Marlborough. It was made a parish by the general court in 1778, and in 1784 was incorporated a district by the name of Berlin. Here a church was formed in 1779, and in 1781 Rev. Reuben Puffer, D. D., was ordained pastor; he died in 1829, and was succeeded by Rev. Robert F. Walcut, in 1830. The next pastor, Rev. David Lamson, was settled in 1834. The first minis- ter of the second church was Rev. Abram C. Baldwin, who was settled in 1830; his successors have been Rev. Michael Burdett and Rev. Eber S. Clark.
The most valuable uplands in this town lie on several hills, which are excellent for grazing, and a suitable proportion of it for tillage. The range extends north into Bolton, and south into Northborough. There is one pond in the east part of the place, called Gates' Pond, 1 mile in length by half a mile in width, which abounds in fish. No brook empties into it, but at the south end there is a small outlet. The principal stream is called North Brook, and falls into the Assabet, at the S. E. corner of the town. There is a large sunken swamp lying mostly in the town, in some parts of which are large pine and spruce trees. This is entirely an agricultural town. Large quantities of hops are annually pro- duced here. There are 2 Congregational churches, 1 of which is Unitarian. Distance, 14 miles N. E. of Worcester, and 30 W. by N. of Boston. Population, 724.
BOLTON.
THIS town was taken from the old town of Lancaster, and was incorporated in 1738 by the general court, when it received its present name. It was originally pretty extensive, and contained most of the town of Berlin. The first church was gathered here in 1741, and Rev. Thomas Goss was ordained their pastor. He remained till his death, in 1780, and was succeeded by Rev. John Wallcy, who was dismissed from the society not long before his death, and was succeeded by Rev. Phineas Wright, ordained in 1785. Rev. Isaac Allen succeeded Mr. Wright, in 1804. Rev. John W. Chickering, the first minister of the 2d society, was or- dained in 1830; he was succeeded by Rev. John S. Davenport, in 1836. In this town and in Berlin there is a society of Friends, consisting of a large number of wealthy families.
The engraving on the following page is a south-eastern view of the village in the central part of the town.
The township is very good land, and there are many fine farms within its limits. The Bolton ridge of hills, known by the name of Wattoquottock, lies in the west part of the town, and begins about half a mile from the center of the town. It rises to the
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BOYLSTON.
South-eastern view of Bolton.
height of between 2 and 300 feet above the level of Nashua river, and divides the streams which flow into the Nashua from those of the Assabet. In the north-easterly part of the town is situated the hill called Rattlesnake hill, which contains a large body of limestone, from which 15 or 20,000 bushels of lime, of the best quality, are prepared annually for the supply of the neighboring towns. In this town are two or three small ponds, not meriting a particular description. There are 2 Congregational meeting-houses, (one of them Unitarian,) one Baptist, and a Friends' meeting-house, in the south part of the town, near the line of Berlin. Distance, 16 miles from Worcester, and 31 from Boston. Population, 1,185. In 1837, there were 5 comb manufactories; value of combs, $21,500; males employed, 20; females, 4. There were 100 pairs of boots, and 20,700 pairs of shoes, manufactured, valued at $6,250; males employed, 27; females, 13.
BOYLSTON.
THIS town was included in the original grant of the township of Shrewsbury. It was made a parish by the legislature in 1742, and was called the north parish of Shrewsbury until 1786, when it was incorporated and made a distinct town by the name of Boylston, in honor of an eminent family of that name in Boston, two of whom in succession were skilful physicians, and another founded a professorship of rhetoric and oratory in Harvard Uni- versity. The first church was organized in 1743, and Rev. Ebe- nezer Morse was ordained the first pastor. He was also an eminent and skilful physician. He continued with the people till 1775, when he was dismissed in consequence of his political sentiments regarding the controversy between England and America. The
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BROOKFIELD.
second minister was Rev. Eleazer Fairbanks, ordained in 1777, and continued their pastor till 1793, when, at his request, he was dis- missed. The following ministers have been his successors : Hezekiah Hooper, Ward Cotton, Samuel Russell, William H. Sanford.
The surface of this township is hilly, rough, and uneven. The land in general descends to the north and north-east. The soil is good, rich, and fertile. This is principally an agricultural town. Large quantities of beef, pork, grain, butter, and cheese are an- nually produced and exported. The town enjoys a fine healthy air, and the place has been noted for the longevity of its inhabit- ants. This town is watered by the south branch of the Nashua river, and a number of brooks and rivulets which flow into it. There are two small ponds, Rocky pond and Sewal's pond. Iron ore is found in this town. There are 3 churches, 2 Congregation- alist and 1 Universalist. Distance, 8 miles from Worcester, and 45 west of Boston. Population, 821. In 1837 there were 1,300 pairs of boots and 17,535 pairs of shoes manufactured; value, $20,000; males employed, 34; females, 6.
BROOKFIELD.
THIS town was granted to a number of the inhabitants of Ispwich, in the county of Essex, by the general court, (upon their petition,) in May, 1660. The tract granted was to be six miles square. The grantees, that they might have a just right to the soil, purchased and took a deed of the natives. This place progressed so rapidly that, upon application to the general court, it was incorporated a town in 1673.
The church was gathered, and the first minister, Rev. Thomas Cheney, was or- dained here in 1717; he died in 1747, and was succeeded by Rev. Elisha Harding, who was ordained in 1749. The town increased so rapidly that in 1750 a second parish was incorporated in the northerly part of the town, now North Brookfield. Mr. Harding continued the minister of the first precinct till his people fell into a con- troversy about a new meeting-house. The contention was so severe that the society parted, and the third parish was formed in 1754. The church was gathered in 1756, and in 1758 Rev. Nathan Fiske was ordained their pastor. He was succeeded by Rev. Micah Stone in 1801. Rev. Richard Woodruff succeeded Mr. Stone, in 1834. In consequence of this division of the first society Mr. Harding requested a dismission, which was granted in 1755. He was succeeded by Rev. Joseph Parsons, in 1757, who continued their pastor till his death, in 1771. In the autumn of the same year Rer. Ephraim Ward was ordained his successor. Mr. Ward died in 1818, and was suc. ceeded by Rev. Eliakim Phelps. Rev. Joseph I. Foote, the next minister, was settled in 1826, and was succeeded by Rev. Francis Horton, in 1832. The Methodist society was formed in the south parish in 1826. The Universalist society was incorporated in 1812 ; their meeting-house was built in 1820. The Baptists held meetings in the west part of the town as early as 1748.
Brookfield is a township of excellent land. The surface is somewhat uneven and stony, though there are a number of plains of considerable extent. There are large tracts of meadow and in- tervale upon Quabaog river, which runs in a westerly direction through the town. The ponds are the Quabaog or Podunk, the South pond, and the Wicabaug. The first-mentioned is about a
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BROOKFIELD.
mile square, the others are of smaller size. The Wicabuag pond affords iron ore. Ore is also found in the bogs and marshes of the neighborhood. There are 6 churches, 3 Congregational, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Universalist. South Brookfield is about two and a half miles from the central village; it contains about 40 dwelling-houses, some of which are elegant, and 2 churches. Population of the town, 2,514. Distance, 18 miles from Worces- ter, 28 from Springfield, 31 from Northampton, 10 from Hardwick, and 68 from Boston. In 1837 there were 17,244 pairs of boots and 182,400 pairs of shoes manufactured; value, $190,697; males employed, 262; females, 215. There were 2 air and cupola furnaces.
Congregational Church, Brookfield.
The above is an eastern view of the First Congregational church in Brookfield, as it appeared previous to 1838. This edifice was raised in 1794, and completed the following year, and may be considered a good specimen of the architecture of that period. This church was remodelled during 1838, and now presents an entirely different appearance. The village in which this church is situated consists of about 60 dwelling-houses, built on the level plain northerly of Quaboag river. The village is neatly built, and has an air of quiet retirement. 'A printing-office is in this place, where the printing of books is carried on.
The first meeting-house stood on Foster's Hill, about half a mile south-east of the present church. It was on the north side of the old road to the south parish, about equally distant from the house of Mr. Baxter Barnes and that of Mr. Tyler Marsh. The fortified house in which the inhabitants were besieged by the Indians in 1675 stood, it is believed, between Mr. Tyler Marsh's house and barn, about one mile eastward of the present ehureh : it was the place where the first principal settlement in the town was made. The inhabitants, after their return to this place, erected several tem- porary fortifieations; one of the principal was Gilbert's Fort, which stood near where the central school-house stands. On the hill north-west of this place, a tower was built for the purpose of enabling the inhabitants to watch the movements of the In- dians, and to obtain seasonable notice of their approach. It stood on an elevated roek. It is related that early in the evening of a cloudy day, the sentinel discovered Indians lurking in the wood at only a small distance from him. By inadvertence a large por-
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tion of the guns which belonged to the fort had been left at the tower. The sentinel knew that if he gave the alarm the inhabitants would come for their guns, and thus be exposed to the Indians, who were ready to destroy them. In this state of things he waited till it became quite dark. In the mean time he examined all the guns and pre- pared for an attack. At length he discharged a gun towards the place where he had seen the Indians. They returned his fire. As he was not exposed to injury from their muskets, he took a second piece, and whenever one of their guns was discharged he fired at the light occasioned by it. Thus, single-handed, he carried on for some hours a contest with them. At length the firing ceased. In the morning blood was found in several places in the vicinity of the tower. Marks' Garrison stood near the south- west end of Wickaboag pond, on a knoll below the junction of the waters of the pond with the Quaboag river. It is related that one day Mrs. Marks, being left alone, dis- covered hostile Indians near the garrison, waiting for an opportunity to attack the settlement. She immediately put on her husband's wig, hat, great-coat, and, taking his gun, went to the top of the fortification, and " marching backwards and forwards, vociferating, like a vigilant sentinel, ' All's well, all's well.'" This led the Indians to believe that they could not take the place by surprise, and they accordingly retired without doing any injury.
This town was for a long time a solitary settlement, being situ- ated about half way between the old towns on Connecticut river and those on the east toward the Atlantic coast. The inhabitants suffered frequently and severely from the incursions of the Indians, the following account of which is taken from Whitney's History of Worcester County.
" The Nipnet or Nipmuck Indians having, on the 14th of July, 1675, killed four or five people at Mendon, the governor and council, in hopes of reclaiming them, sent Capt. Edward Hutchinson, of Boston, to Quaboag, Brookfield, near which place there was to be a great rendezvous of those Indians, to treat with several sachems, in order to the public peace ; and ordered Capt. Thomas Wheeler, of Concord, with a part of his troop, about twenty men, to accompany him for security and assistance. They arrived on the Lord's day, August the 1st, and sent a message to the Indians, desiring to treat with them. Three of the chief sachems promised to meet them next morn- ing about eight o'clock, August 2d, upon a plain at the head of Wickaboag pond, two or three miles west of the meeting-house. Captains Hutchinson and Wheeler, with their company, and three of the principal inhabitants of Brookfield, Capt. John Ayres, John Coye, and Joseph Pritchard, resorted thither at the appointed time, but found not the Indians there. They then rode forward about four or five miles towards the Nipnets' chief town. When they came to a place called Mominimisset, a narrow passage between a steep hill and a thick swamp, they were ambushed by two or three hundred Indians, who shot down eight of the company, viz. Zechariah Phillips of Boston, Timothy Farley of Billerica, Edward Colburn of Chehusford, Samuel Smedley of Concord, Sydrach Hapgood of Sudbury, and Capt. Ayres, John Coye and Joseph Pritchard of Brookfield, named above, and mortally wounded Capt. Hutchinson. The rest escaped through a bye-path to Brookfield. The Indians flocked into the town ; but the inhabitants, being alarmed, had all got together in the principal house, on an eminence a little to the south-east of where the west parish meeting-house now stands. They had the mortification to see all their dwelling-houses, about twenty, with all their barns and outhouses, burnt. The house where they had assembled was then surrounded, and a variety of attempts were made for two days and nights to set fire to it, but did not succeed. At length, August 4th, at evening, the Indians filled a cart with hemp and other combustible matter, which they kindled and endeavored to thrust to the house in order to fire it; but this attempt was defeated, partly by a shower of rain which fell and wet the materials, as Capt. Wheeler says in his narrative, who was on the spot, and partly by aid arriving ; for Major Willard, who had been sent after some other Indians westward of Lancaster and Groton, hearing of the distress of Brookfield when he was about four or five miles from Lancaster, altered his course, and the same night reached Brookfield, with Capt. Parker and 46 men, about an hour after it was dark, after a tedious march of 30 miles. And though the Indian scouts discovered him and fired their alarm guns, yet the main body, from their high joy, always accompanied with a horrid noise, heard them not. Willard joined the besieged, and the Indians immediately poured in all the shot they could, but without execution, and then, burning all the buildings except this garrison, and destroying all the horses and cattle they could find, withdrew to their dens. They were not pursued, being much superior in number.
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BROOKFIELD.
"It is fitting to add to the above the very particular account which the Rev. Dr. Fiske of Brookfield has given in a marginal note, annexed to an historical discourse con- cerning the settlement of this town and its distresses during the Indian wars, preached December 31st, 1775, and immediately published. The account is as follows, viz. 'That three of the men killed in the ambushment belonged to Brookfield, as above named ; that when the Indians pursued the party into the town, they set fire to all the buildings except a few in the neighborhood of the house in which the inhabitants had taken shelter ; that they endeavored to intercept five or six men who had gone to a neighboring house to secure some things there, but they all got safe to the place of refuge, except a young man, Samuel Pritchard, who was stopped short by a fatal bul- let ; that the house in which they were besieged was unfortified, except by a few logs hastily tumbled up on the outside, after the alarm, and by a few feather-beds hung up on the inside. And though the siege continued from Monday in the afternoon until early on Thursday morning, August 5th, in which time innumerable balls entered the house, only one man, Henry Young, who was in the chamber, was killed. The In- dians shot many fire-arrows to burn the house, but without effect. When the troop which relieved Brookfield got into the town, which was late at night, they were joined by great numbers of cattle, which had collected together in their fright at the confla- gration of the buildings and the firing and war-whoops of the Indians ; and for pro- tection these poor animals followed the troop till they arrived at the besieged house. The Indians, deceived hereby, and thinking there was a much larger number of horse- men than there really was, immediately set fire to the barn belonging to the besieged house, and to Joseph Pritchard's house and barn, and the meeting-house, which were the only buildings left unburnt, and went off. A garrison was maintained at this house till winter, when the court ordered the people away, soon after which the Indians came and burnt this house also.'
"In the war which is commonly denominated Queen Anne's war, which broke out not long after the resettlement of the town, and continued several years, Brookfield, as well as many other towns, was greatly harassed and annoyed, the Indians frequently making sudden inroads, killing and scalping, or captivating one and another of the inhabitants. During this war, a number of men, women, and children were killed, several taken prisoners, and some were wounded. The particulars are as follow, as related by the Rev. Dr. Fiske, in the sermon above referred to. 'The first mischief was in the latter end of July or beginning of August, 1692. A party of Indians came into the town and broke up two or three families. Joseph Woolcot being at work at a little distance from his house, his wife, being fearful, took her children and went out to him. When they returned to the house at noon, they found the Indians had been there, for his gun and several other things were missing ; and looking out at a window, he saw an Indian, at some distance, coming towards the house. He immediately sent out his wife and his two little daughters to hide themselves in the bushes; and he, taking his little son under his arm and his broad axe in his hand, went out with his dog in sight of the Indian. The dog, being large and fierce, attacked the Indian so furiously, that he was obliged to discharge his gun at the dog to rid himself of him; immediately upon which Wool- cot sat down the child and pursued the Indian till he heard the bullet roll down his gun, the Indian charg- ing as he ran ; he then turned back, snatched up his child, and made his escape, through the swamps, to a fort. His wife, being greatly terrified, discovered by her shrieks where she was; and the Indian soon found and dispatched both her and her children. Others of the party, about the same time, came into the house of one Mason while the family were at dinner. They killed Mason and one or two children, and took his wife, and an infant which they had wounded, and carried them off. They also took two brothers, Thomas and Daniel Lawrence; they soon dispatched Thomas, pretending he had misinformed them about the number of men which were in the town. John Lawrence, their brother, rode with all haste to Springfield for assistance. A company, under Capt. Colton, came with the greatest speed, and pursued the Indians. They found Mrs. Mason's child, which the savages had knocked on the head, and thrown away in the bushes; and continuing their pursuit, they came upon the Indians' encampment, which was a sort of brush hedge, which they deridingly called "Englishmen's fort." The party waited till break of day, and then came so near as to put their guns through this brush and fire upon the Indians, fourteen or fifteen of whom were killed ; the rest fled with such precipitation as to leave several of their arms, blankets, powderhorns, &c., and their prisoners, Daniel Lawrence and Mrs. Mason, whom our men conducted back. This same John Lawrence, who rode express and procured the company which rescued the above-mentioned prisoners, was afterwards going, in company with one Samuel Owen, in search of a man who was missing ; the Indians came upon them, killed Lawrence, but Owen escaped. Mary Mac- Intosh was fired upon and killed as she was milking her cows. Robert Grainger and John Clary were passing along the road, on a certain day, and being fired upon by the savages, Grainger was killed on the spot ; Clary attempted to escape, but had not fled far before he also was shot down. At another time, Thomas Battis of Brookfield, riding express to Hadley, was killed in the wilderness, in a place now called Belchertown. Early one morning John Woolcot, a lad about twelve or fourteen years old, was riding in search of the cows, when the Indians fired at him, killed his horse from under him, and took him prisoner. The people at Jennings' garrison hearing the firing, and concluding the people at another garrison were beset, six men set out for their assistance, but were waylaid by the Indians. The English saw not their danger till they saw there was no escaping it; and therefore, knowing that an Indian could not look an Englishman in the face and take a right aim, they stood their ground, presenting their pieces wherever they saw an Indian, without discharging them, excepting Abijah Bartlet, who turned to flee and was shot (lead. The Indians kept firing at the rest and wounded three of them, Joseph Jennings in two places ; one ball grazed the top of his head, by which he was struck blind for a moment; another ball passed through his shoulder, wounding his collar bone; yet by neither did he fall, nor was he mortally wounded. Benja- min Jennings was wounded in the leg, and John Green in the wrist. They were preserved at last by the following stratagem. A large dog, hearing the firing, came to our men ; one of whom, to encourage his brethren and intimidate the Indians, called out, " Capt. Williams is come to our assistance, for here is his dog." The Indians, seeing the dog, and knowing Williams to be a famous warrior, immediately fled, and
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