USA > Massachusetts > Suffolk County > Boston > Metropolitan Boston; a modern history; Volume III > Part 12
Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).
Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41 | Part 42 | Part 43
Ringer, Stanley A., sergeant, U. S. M. C., 5th Regt., 2d Div., killed in action, France. Ritchie, Richard T., Co. C, 3 M. G. Bn., Ist Div., wounds received in action, France.
Riznick, Philip, seaman, U. S. N. R. F., Naval Base, No. 17, Ivergordon, Scotland. In- juries received U. S. Naval Base, No. 17, Ivergordon, Scotland.
Rizoz, William, corporal, R. A., Co. A, 47th Inf., 4th Div., killed in action, France.
Robbie, John, Ist sergeant, Co. L, 104th Inf., 26th Div., killed in action, France. Awarded C. de G. with gilt star.
Roberts, Clarence J., fireman, 2d cl., U. S. N. R. F., Naval Tng. Camp, Hingham, di- sease, at Naval Hosp., Chelsea.
Roberts, Thomas J., corporal, Co. C, 10Ist Inf., 26th Div., wounds received in action, overseas.
Roberts, William, Co. A, 104th Inf., 26th Inf., disease, overseas.
Roberts, William F., sergeant, sr. gr., Hq. Co., 701st Engrs., Steve. Bn., disease.
Robinson, Warren E., Ist lt. Inf., 102d M. G. Bn., 26th Div., wounds received in action, France. Recommended for D. S. C.
Rock, Alfred P., Troop C, 3d Cav., disease overseas.
Rogers, Ralph T., chief quartermaster, U. S. N. R. F., Naval Air Sta., Miami, Fla., disease, Naval Hosp., Pensacola, Fla.
Rogers, Thomas J., Co. I, 23d Inf., 2d Div., killed in action, France.
Rooney, Owen, wagoner, 103d Amb. Co., 101 San. Tn., 26th Div., killed in action, France. Root, George W., sergeant, N. A., Co. A, 303d Bn., Tank Corps, disease, U. S. Base Hosp., No. 40, Salisbury Court, England.
Rosenberg, Nathan, landsman for electrician, U. S. N., Rec. Ship at New York City, drowned, Rec. Ship at N. Y. C.
Roska, Victor J., U. S. M. C., Repl. Bn., wounds received in action, France.
Ross, Frank, Co. A, 103d Inf., 26th Div., disease overseas.
Ross, Harrison E., chauffeur, No. 829 Aero Sq., disease overseas.
Ross, John W., 1t., U. S. N., disease, U. S. S. "Missouri," at Brest.
Rotch, Lester J., Co. I, 10Ist Inf., 26th Div., killed in action, France.
Roth, William L., Inter. Med. Sup., No. 2, disease overseas.
Roullier, Adolphus D., Co. C, 12th Sup. Tn., Q. M. C., disease.
Rugin, Charles, Co. A, 9 Mounted Engrs., died.
Russo, Joseph (Guiseppe), landsman baker, U. S. N. R. F., Naval Tng. Camp, Hing- ham, disease, Quarantine Sta., Gallops Island.
Rutstein, Benjamin, Co. K, 167th Inf., 42d Div., killed in action overseas.
Ryan, Matthew R., alias Ray, Matthew R.
Ryan, Thomas A., Co. D, 10Ist Inf., 26th Div., killed in action, France. Awarded D. S. C .; cited in G. O., No. 74, 26th Div.
Ryan, Thomas F., 30th Co., 153 D. B., Camp Dix, accident, Camp Dix.
Ryans, Robert M., sergeant, Co. A, 102d Inf., 26th Div., killed in action, France.
Ryley, George W., Ist 1t. Inf., Co. L, 102d Inf., 26th Div., killed in action, France.
St. Marie, Oswald, seaman, U. S. N. R. F., Naval Tng. Camp, Hingham, disease, Chel- sea Naval Hosp.
Salamone, Alfonzo, Co. D, 165th Inf., 42d Div., killed in action, France.
Saltzman, C., Ottawa Cas. List, reported "killed in action."
Sandquist, Olaf G., Co. I, 325th Inf., 82d Div., killed in action, France.
Santos, Gil, corporal, R. A., Co. C, 30th Inf., 3d Div., killed in action, France.
Sargent, Francis E., Jr., chief yeoman, U. S. N. R. F., Navy Yard, Washington, D. C., disease at Naval Hosp., Wash., D. C.
Seagren, Edward R., Hq. Co., I Pioneer Inf., disease overseas.
838
METROPOLITAN BOSTON
Sego, Arthur Anthony, 2d lt., A. S., airplane accident at Love Field, Texas. Seibak, Frank, Co. M, 74th Inf., 12th Div., disease, at Camp Devens.
Seiffert, Frederick F., lance corporal, B. E. F., The King's Regt., killed in action, France.
Scalia, Michael, Co. F, 148th Inf., 37th Div., killed in action, Belgium.
Schiavone, Antonio, R. A., Co. L, 9th Inf., 2d Div., killed in action, France.
Schofield, James V., Hq. Co., Ord. Dept., Penniman, Va., disease at Roslindale. Schultz, George, corporal, War Prison Bks. Guard, disease.
Scott, William T., flying sch. det., Brooks Field, disease.
Shannon, William A., 4 Bn., Royal Fusiliers, B. A., killed in action. B. E. F.
Shaw, Harry E., Co. O, 3 Bn., C. W. S., Edgewood Arsenal, Md., disease, Edgewood Arsenal, Md.
Shea, Francis A., Co. A, 10Ist Inf., 26th Div., disease, France.
Shea, James C., corporal, Co. A, 10Ist Inf., 26th Div., wounds received in action overseas. Shea, John W., N. A., 176 Aero Sq., A. S., disease.
Sheehan, Daniel F., yeoman, Ist cl., U. S. N., Naval Hosp., Chelsea, disease at Naval Hosp., Chelsea.
Sheehan, James A., chief boatswain's mate, U. S. N., Armed Dft. Detail, N. York City, died U. S. S. "Prairie," San Diego, Calif.
Sheehan, John R., Btry. C, 119th F. A., 32d Div., killed in action, France.
. Shepard, George A., U. S. M. C., Hq. Det., Sig Bn., disease, Phila,, Pa.
Shinn, Edward C., chief water tender, U. S. N., Naval Hosp., Chelsea, disease, at Naval Hosp., Chelsea.
Simpson, William B., seaman, U. S. N. R. F., Submarine Sch., New London, Conn., died, Boston.
Sink, William I., Co. B, 10Ist Inf., 26th Div., killed in action, France.
Small, Blanche N., nurse, Base Hospital, Camp Lee, disease, Camp Lee.
Small, William F., Sup. Co., 101st F. A., 26th Div., accident, France.
Smart, Peter H., Co. K, 103d Inf., 26th Div., wounds received in action overseas.
Smelledge, Charles L., Btry. C, 10Ist F. A., 26th Div., wounds received in action, France. Recommended for D. S. C.
Smelley, Allen, Co. C, 38th Inf., 3d Div., killed in action, France.
Smith, Clarence E., 2d lt., Q. M. C., died in Boston.
Smith, Joseph A., Co. L, 6th Inf., Mass. N. G., accident, New Market, N. H.
Smith, Samuel F., 38th Co., 10th Tng. Bn., 157th D. B., accident.
Smith, William F., M. C. R., 82d Co., 6th Regt., 2d Div., killed in action, France.
Smith, Winthrop F., ensign, U. S. N. R. F., Naval Air Sta., Bay Shore, L. I., N. Y., disease, Naval Air Sta., Bay Shore.
Sneider, Barnet, Co. I, 327th Inf., 82d Div., killed in action, France.
Snyder, Joseph, corporal, Co. L, 104th Inf., 26th Div., killed in action, France.
Sokol, Peter, Co. F, 38th Inf., 3d Div., killed in action, France.
Solari, Arthur J., Co. D, 10Ist Inf., 26th Div., accident, France.
Solari, Daniel H., corporal, Co. 235, P. W. E., drowned off Fortress Monroe.
Solomon, Charles P., Btry. B, 48th C. A. C., accident overseas.
Sorenson, Peter K., chief boatswain's mate, U. S. N., U. S. S. "Ascutney," drowned, Rec. Ship, Norfolk, Va. Commended by Sec'y of Navy.
Spinney, George F., corporal, Co. C, IoIst Inf., 26th Div., killed in action, France. Awarded D. S. C., and cited in G. O., No. 120, Hqts., 26th Div.
Star, Joseph, Co. B, 3 M. G. Bn., killed in action, France. Cited in G. O., No. I, Ist Div. Stearns, William St. A., Ist lt., Aviation, 7th Avia. Inst. Centre (Clermont-Ferrand), airplane accident at Clermont-Ferrand.
Steeves, John B., U. S. M. C., 45th Co., 5th Regt., 2d Div., wounds received in action, France.
Stefani, Ubaldo, Co. D, 328th Inf., 82d Div., disease, at Hospital, N. Y. City.
Stern, Morris Iphraim, chief storekeeper, U. S. N. R. F., Naval Tng. Camp, Pelham Bay Park, N. Y., disease, Naval Hosp., Pelham Bay Park.
Stewart, Francis, Canadian Army, "Killed."
Stinson, Daniel C., U. S. M. C., 17th Co., 5th Regt., 2d Div., wounds received in action, France.
Stokinger, George C., 14th Co., 4 Tng. Bn., 151st D. B., disease, at Camp Devens.
Strachan, William N., A. S., Flying Sq., Cadet Det., Barron Field, disease. Stroeks, Peter, Tr. H., 310th Cav., disease, Fort Ethan Allen.
Sullivan, Charles H., Sup. Co. Repl. Dft., 7th F. A., disease, Camp Jackson.
839
THE WORLD WAR
Sullivan, Daniel, Gen. Serv. Inf., Syracuse Rct. Camp, disease, Syracuse, N. Y. Sullivan, James M., landsman-ship fitter, U. S. N. R. F., Naval Tng. Camp, Charleston, S. C., disease at Naval Hosp., Charleston, S. C.
Sullivan, Jeremiah W., 2d lt. Inf., Co. A, 10Ist Inf., 26th Div., killed in action overseas.
Sullivan, John H., Apprentice Seaman, U. S. N. R. F., died in Boston.
Sullivan, John J., M. C. R., S. O. S. Hosp., wounds received in action, France.
Sullivan, Patrick J., Co. F, 168th Inf., 42d Div., disease overseas.
Sullivan, Patrick James, Co. L, 10Ist Inf., 26th Div., died at Framingham.
Sullivan, Patrick Joseph, Btry. B, 10Ist F. A., 26th Div., killed in action overseas.
Sullivan, Richard J., Co. I, 126th Inf., 32d Div., killed in action, France.
Swaine, Frank T., 25th Co., 7th Bn., 151 D. B., disease, Camp Devens.
Sweeney, Allen, chief water tender, U. S. N., Chelsea Naval Hosp., disease, Chelsea Naval Hosp.
Sweeney, Elmer W., IIth Co., 3 Bn., 151 D. B., disease at Camp Devens.
Sweeney, John J., Co. A, 14th Engrs., disease, Brunswick, Ga.
Sweeney, Matthew J., Co. E, 10Ist Inf., 26th Div., killed in action, France.
Swenson, John A., chief carpenter's mate, U. S. N., Aeron. Sta., Pensacola, Fla., disease, City Hosp., Boston.
Sydell, Clifford J., seaman, U. S. N. R. F., Naval Hosp., Newport, R. I., disease, at Naval Hosp., Newport.
Taft, Harold B., sergeant, R. A., Co. E, 47th Inf., 4th Div., killed in action, France.
Tartikoff, David, U. S. M. C., 49th Co., 5th Regt., 2d Div., killed in action, France.
Tasney, Edward P., Hq. Co., 116th F. A., 31st Div., disease overseas.
Tassinari, Arthur, 507th Aero Sq., A. S., died.
Tatten, Richard F., plumber and fitter, U. S. N. R. F., Naval Tng. Camp, disease, Naval Hosp., Chelsea.
Taylor, Frank C., Hq. Co., 347th Labor Bn., disease.
Taylor, Robert G., mess attendant, U. S. N., U. S. S. "Artemis," disease, Boston.
Thayer, Sanford A., supply sergeant, Finance Bureau Dist., of Paris, disease, at Paris.
Thompson, Richard M., sergeant, R. A., Bty. E, 7th F. A., Ist Div., disease overseas.
Tiberii, John, Co. M, 59th Inf., 4th Div., killed in action, France.
Tierney, Harold J., 2d lt. Sig. Co., Serv. C, Camp Vail, disease, Camp Vail, N. J.
Tierney, James J., corporal, Co. C, IoIst Inf., 26th Div., wounds received in action over- seas.
Tobias, Hugh A., Btry. C, 336th F. A, 87th Div., disease.
Tobin, Richard J., 2d 1t., 18th Bn., Inf. Repl. Troops, disease, Camp Lee.
Tolnan, James W., cook, Co. B, 102d M. G. Bn., 26th Div., killed in action, France.
Toner, John J., 4th Rct. Co., Gen. Serv. Inf., Fort Slocum, disease, Fort Slocum.
Toole, Charles M., Ist 1t., S. C., Co. B, 107th F. Signal Battalion, 32d Div., killed in action, France.
Topoloff, Harry, R. A., Co. L, 23d Inf., 2d Div., killed in action, France. Cited in G. O., No. 44, 2d Div., and G. O., No. 77.
Torpey, Vincent J., Btry. C, 311th F. A., 79th Div., disease overseas.
Torrey, Kenneth, wheelwright, Co. A, 108th M. G. Bn., 28th Div., killed in action, France. Towle, William, Btry. C, 10Ist, F. A., 26th Div., wounds received in action, France.
Toy, Charles S., Co. A, 102d M. G. Bn., 26th Div., killed in action, France. Awarded D. S. C. Cited in Par. II, G. O., No. 88, Hgts. 26th Div.
Toy, Patrick E., mess attendant, 3d cl., U. S. N., U. S. S. "Georgia," disease on "Georgia," off coast of Africa.
Tracey, Thomas J., N. A., Q. M. C., disease, Fort Sheridan.
Tracy, Francis W., corporal, Co. B, 30Ist Inf., 76th Div., disease, Camp Devens.
Tracy, Michael J., ship's cook, 4th cl., U. S. N. R. F., Rec. Ship at Boston, disease, Naval Hosp., Chelsea.
Triantafilakos, Stavros G., Co. I, 338th Inf., 35th Div., disease overseas.
Trottier, Edward A., apprentice seaman, U. S. N. R. F., Naval Tng. Camp, Hingham, disease, Brookline.
Tryder, William A., corporal, Co. H, IoIst Inf., 26th Div., wounds received in action overseas.
Tugo, Oscar C., E. R. C., Base Hosp., No. 5, killed in action, France.
Turner, James P., unassigned, disease.
Turner, William E., sergeant, Co. L, 372d Inf., 93d Div., killed in action, France.
Vakindi, George, cook, Btry. E, 6th Regt., 2d Brig., F. A. Repl. Dft., Camp Jackson, died.
840
METROPOLITAN BOSTON
Valli, Alfred E., Co. B, 4 Bn., Ridgewood Arsenal, disease.
Valsam, Peter, Co. G, 326th Inf., 82d Div., killed in action overseas.
Vaughn, Charles A., corporal, Co. G, 327th Inf., 82d Div., wounds received in action overseas.
Vaughn, James H., Btry. B, 18th Bn., F. A. Repl. Dft., Camp Jackson, disease, at Camp Jackson.
Vegnopoulos, Constantine, Co. E, 137th Inf., 32d Div., killed in action, France. (Under Nestor, Constantine V.)
Ventre, Teodate, Co. C, 60th Inf., 5th Div., killed in action, France.
Venuti, Francesco, Utilities Det., Q. M. C., disease.
Verder, Walter M., Base Sig. School, Ist Dep. Div., disease, France.
Vermillion, Norval H., Co. B, IoIst Inf., 26th Div., killed in action, France.
Vezeau, Albert E., Cas. Det., 15Ist D. B., disease, U. S. A. Hosp., New Haven, Conn.
Viau, Napoleon J., R. A., Co. D, 6th Engrs., 3d Div., killed in action, France.
Vincent, William J., Ist lt. Cav., disease, Camp Harry Jones, Douglas, Ariz.
Viola, Bendetto, Co. M, 167th Inf., 42d Div., killed in action, France.
Viola, James, Co. G, 23d Inf., 2d Div., disease overseas.
Viscalli, Giovanni S., 15Ist D. B., Camp Devens, disease at Camp Devens.
Vose, Howard L., 2d lt., U. S. M. C., 55th Co., 5th Regt., wounds received in action, France. Awarded C. de G.
Vozella, Frank, Co. A, 30th Inf., 3d Div., disease, at Oswego, N. Y.
Walker, Anna A., nurse, Base Hosp., No. 91, accident overseas.
Walker, George H., Btry. E, 102d F. A., 26th Div., wounds received in action overseas.
Walsh, James Francis, Co. I, 306th Inf., 77th Div., wounds received in action overseas.
Walsh, James L., Co. H, 26th Inf., Ist Div., wounds received in action overseas.
Walsh, Richard F., Cas. Co., No. 1491, Ist Repl. Dept., St. Aignan, disease overseas.
Walsh, William L., chief water tender, U. S. N., Rec. Ship, N. Y. City, disease, Naval Hosp., Chelsea.
Walters, Henry, saddler, Sup. Tn., 14th Cav., disease.
Wands, Leonard W., Co. B, 163d Inf., 4Ist Div., disease overseas.
Waples, Cary L., 2d lt., A. S., School of Mil. Aero., M. I. T., killed, airplane accident, Kelly Field, Texas.
Ward, Albert Victor, Btry. E, IIth F. A., 6th Div., wounds received in action overseas. Warner, Goodwin, 2d lt., Q. M. C., Transport Sects., Nos. 184 and 185, disease, Am. Camp Hosp., No. 4, Joinville-le-pont.
Warren, Samuel, U. S. M. C., 76th Co., 6th Regt., killed in action, France.
Washburn, George D., sergeant, M. D., Base Hosp., Camp Devens, disease.
Washington, William H. C., Co. L, 372d Inf., 93d Div., killed in action, France.
Wasserman, Solomon, 25th Co., 152 D. B., disease, Camp Upton.
Watson, Fred, Co. E, 10Ist Engrs., 26th Div., wounds received in action overseas.
Watson, Ralph C., engineman, U. S. N., U. S. S. "Manley," died at sea, on "Manley."
Webber, William W., 2d lt. Inf., 18th Bn. Repl. & Tng. Camp, Camp Lee, accident, Camp Lee.
Weems, Charles E., 55th Co., 13th Bn., 151 D. B., disease, at Camp Devens.
Weis, John F., corporal, Co. E, 36th Inf., 3d Div., wounds received in action overseas.
Weiner, Louis, Co. A, 303d Bn., T. C., disease overseas.
Welby, Thomas, Btry. A, 38th C. A. C., disease.
Welch, Henry J., sergeant, Butchery Co., 311 Q. M. C., disease overseas.
Welch, James E., Jr., captain Inf., 327th Inf., 82d Div., killed in action overseas.
Welch, John J., Co. A, IoIst Inf., 26th Div., killed in action, France.
Weld, Aaron D., Ist lt. Inf., Co. I, 7th Inf., 3d Div., killed in action, France.
Wells, Chester A., Co. L, 372d Inf., 93d Div., killed in action overseas.
Welsh, Anne K., nurse, Base Hosp., No. 55, died overseas.
Welton, Edmund J., sergeant, Co. C, 47th Inf., 4th Div., killed in action, France.
Wetzler, Albert E., Co. E, IoIst Inf., 26th Div., killed in action, France.
West, Anna B., nurse, B. H., No. 113, disease, Walter Reed Hosp., Washington, D. C.
Westfall, John H., lt. (jr. gr.), U. S. N., Naval Coaling Plant, East Lamoine, Me., died Naval Hosp., Chelsea.
Westman, Robert C., 2d lt. Inf., Co. F, 13Ist Inf., 33d Div., wounds received in action overseas.
Whitcomb, Myron L., corporal, Co. D, 10Ist Inf., 26th Div., killed in action, France.
841
THE WORLD WAR
White, Patrick C., recruit, 105th Co., 26th Bn., G. S. Inf., Syracuse Rct. Camp, disease, Syracuse Rct. Camp.
Whittington, John M., Med Det., 101st Inf., 26th Div., disease overseas.
Whitney, Dean D., sergeant, Co. L, 23d Inf., 2d Div., killed in action, France.
Whynott, Ernest C., M. D., Phoenix Infirmary, disease overseas.
Wilbur, Seaman O., Co. C, 10Ist Engrs., 26th Div., killed in action, France.
Wightman, William J., S. A. T. C., New York State Coll. for Teachers, Albany, N. Y., disease.
Wiley, George P., lance corporal, 237th Bn. ("American Legion"), Canadian Inf., killed in action, France.
Wiley, Justin P., wheelman, U. S. C. G., "Tampa," drowned in Bristol Channel.
Williams, George, chief boatswain's mate, U. S. N., assigned to U. S. S. "Virginia," disease at Naval Hosp., Chelsea.
Williamson, Francis, Med. Dept., 151 D. B., accident.
Willis, James H., Jr., mess attendant, U. S. N., U. S. S. "Fanning," drowned at Brest, France.
Wilson, Albert E., Co. L, 372d Inf., 93d Div., killed in action, France.
Wilson, J. A., "reported killed in action."
Wilson, James, Jr., Ist lt., 356th Inf., 89th Div., killed in action, France.
Windeler, Herbert, wheelwright, Ist lt., Grenadier Guards, killed in action, France.
Winn, Richard F., Co. C, 26th Inf., Ist Div., died overseas.
Winters, Charles W., Co. C, 3d Inf., disease, Base Hosp., No. 4, Eagle Pass, Texas.
Winterton, Roland J., 2d lt., A. S., 2d Cadet, Sq. Sig. Res. Corps, airplane accident, Ellington Field, Texas.
Wisniski, Alfred, Co. D, 8 M. G. Bn., 3d Div., killed in action, France.
Witinsky, Peter, Co. D, 328th Inf., 82d Div., killed in action, France.
Wolfe, Herbert J., bugler, Hq. Troop, 26th Div., disease overseas.
Wolart, Jacob, Co. E, 319th Inf., 80th Div., killed in action, France.
Wolowicki, Kazimir, R. A., Co. C, 23d Inf., 2d Div., killed in action, France.
Wood, Alton P., 2d lt. Inf., Co. F, 167th Inf., 42d Div., wounds received in action, France. Awarded D. S. C.
Woodward, Benjamin, Co. A, 28th Inf., Ist Div., killed in action, France.
Woodworth, Horace C., electrician, 3d cl., radio, U. S. N., U. S. S. "Florence H," explo- sion on board "Florence H."
Woronoff, Samuel, see Warren, Samuel.
Wortham, John E., 13th Serv. Co., 20th Engrs., disease overseas.
Wyman, Arthur C., Co. C, 9th Inf., 2d Div., killed in action, France.
Yanchuk, Andrey, Co. D, 38th Inf., 3d Div., killed in action, France. Cited in G. O., No. 15, Hqrs., 3d Div.
Yeaton, Guy M., sergeant, U. S. M. C., 66th Co., 5th Regt., 2d Div., killed in action, France. Cited G. O., No. 88, 2d Div., and G. O., No. 64, 2d Div., and Citation Order, No. 5, A. E. F.
Yerkes, Morris C., U. S. M. C., Class 2, Marine Corps Reserve, wounds received in ac- tion, in U. S. Naval Hosp., N. Y. C.
Yoanos, George, 11th Co., Tng. Grp. 1, Motor Truck Depot, Camp Hancock, disease.
Young, Edwin, cook, Field Hosp., No. 26, M. D., killed in action overseas.
Young, Richmond, Ist lt. Inf., Co. K, 38th Inf., 3d Div., wounds received in action, France.
Zanni, Eugene T., corporal, Co. H, 10Ist Inf., 26th Div., killed in action, France. Rec- ommended for D. S. C. (No. 6221).
Zimmerman, James G., 14th Tng. Btry., Central Off. Tng. Sch., F. A., disease. Zona, Orazio, Co. M., 23d Inf., 2d Div., disease overseas.
Zukosky, Paul, Co. B, 307th Inf., 77th Div., killed in action overseas.
CHAPTER XV. EDUCATION.
The Boston penchant for doing things in its own way is well illus- trated in the growth of its system, or systems, of public schools. Efforts were made to provide schooling for the children of the pioneers of the city in the very earliest years of Governor Winthrop's administration. But what strikes one strangely now is that the educational system seem- ingly began at the top and started to build down to a foundation. In 1633, one Philemon Pormort (or Pormont) was "intreated to become schole-master for the teaching and nourtering of the children with vs." Three years later, the prominent folk in Boston became subscribers "towards the maintenance of a free schoolmaster," and to the school thus provided the Boston Latin School traces its direct descent. But why a "Latin" school in such a small farming community? Why higher edu- cation before a primary school had been in operation? Why teach the dead languages when most of the people were lacking schooling in their own tongue?
Education and Religion-Perhaps the answer lies in the fact that religion was the dominant force behind all Puritan action, the influence that affected everything that they did. John Cotton is supposed to have been responsible chiefly for the founding of the Latin school. He was from old Boston, in Lincolnshire, and brought with him an acquaint- ance with the Free Grammar School founded there by Queen Mary. It was two years after his arrival that this first school was established. Cotton was but one of a comparatively large number of educated men who came to the colony between 1630 and 1647 ; it is estimated that dur- ing this period a hundred university men landed in Massachusetts, and that half of them made their homes in, or within a few miles of, Boston. Although all were by no means clergymen or even leaders religiously, they believed that leadership belonged to the educated-and education meant at that time knowledge of the languages in which the Bible was extant-and that leadership was indissolubly joined to the church. Hence we have the founding of Harvard College, instituted primarily for the training of ministers, and the Latin or grammar schools-the words are strictly synonymous-to prepare boys for the college. Henry Cabot Lodge points out that difficulties might well have been foreseen by our forefathers in their attempt to develop their conflicting prin- ciples of church, state and education, side by side. Fortunately, they did not look far enough ahead to realize that of these three principles,
844
METROPOLITAN BOSTON
the one which they cherished most, the principle of theocracy, would be the surest to give way before the spirit involved in education.
Whatever the motives, however strange it may seem to begin a school system with what is now called a preparatory school, in the "Classics," the little Latin school was a good beginning, and throughout its long history has numbered among its graduates many of the notables of our country. Benjamin Franklin was one; and there were four sign- ers of the Declaration of Independence, six presidents of colleges, and many, very many, who have been leaders in law, medicine, literature and religion.
Latin Schools-The first Latin school building (then known as South Grammar School) was on School Street, to which it gave the name, on the southeasterly part of the plot now occupied by King's Chapel. For nearly a half century, this was the only school supported by Boston. Not until 1682, when it became so crowded as to make instruction difficult, were two other schools established, these "for the teaching of children to write and cipher." One of these schools soon became classical, and was known as the North Latin School until 1790, when it was restored to its original purpose of primary education. The other school, which soon had companions, was a "writing" school, where the elementary subjects were taught, and was the forerunner of what is now the grammar school. The Latin school, the grammar school on Bennet Street, with three writing schools, were all that Boston needed, or at least had, until after the Revolution. In 1761, Boston boasted a population of 16,382, but in the five schools of the town there were only 535 pupils. In 1800, there were seven schools, with 900 pupils, of whom 160 were being taught Latin.
Primary Schools-Until 1789, education seems to have been consid- ered desirable only for boys, possibly because only members of that sex were reckoned as probable ministers. At this time, girls were admitted to the writing schools, but only for the half year beginning in April. It was not until 1828 that girls were permitted to attend teaching during the entire school year. Primary schools were first established in 1818. There had been a reorganization of the school system in 1789, with a course of instruction prepared by a committee of eminent men. Both sexes were allowed to attend; the course of study consisted of reading, spelling, and arithmetic "including vulgar and decimal fractions." Or, in the words of the committee, "in these schools, the children of both sexes (are) to be taught to spell, accent, and READ both prose and verse ; also to be instructed in English grammar and composition." Text books were not named since there was but one which every pupil was supposed to have, Dilworth's Spelling Book, containing a treatise on
845
EDUCATION
English grammar, probably the only grammar taught. The Bible and Psalter provided reading matter; there were no printed copy-books or slates, ciphering was done on crude paper. Even this program seems to have been considered too advanced and met with much opposition before it was finally adopted.
The primary school started in 1818 was intended to fit children for the writing schools, and could be attended by children from four years and older. In 1821, the English High School was established, the first recognition of the fact that all boys might not want, or be able to obtain, a college education. The school was instituted "with the design of fur- nishing the young men of the City (Boston became a city in 1822) who are not intended for a collegiate course of study . with the means of completing a good English education."
Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.