USA > Massachusetts > Suffolk County > Boston > The Boston news-letter, and city record > Part 27
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In addition to opening Sloat Lane and cutting down houses, and opening Garden-Street and other places, it is in contemplation, we learn, to cut through William-street into Hanover Square, taking a large slice off several houses. If every little elbow or crooked turn in the city are to be cut, levelled and made agreeable to the eye, private rights and private property must be seriously invaded. The back of the Royal Exchange in London has not as much room and convenience as ours has at present. Enough has been already done .- Noah's .Ade.
CITY RECORD.
IN BOARD OF ALDERMEN.
Monday, March 13. - A petition of A. & A. Lawrence and others, that Liberty square be raised about two feet, was committed.
The Committee on the Fire Depart- ment was directed to inquire into the various sources of Salt Water in the City which can be used in cases of fire. and what would be the probable cost of obtaining the same.
Petition of the officers of the New England Guards for a new Armory, was committed.
Mr. Preston Hartshorn was appoint- ed a Funeral Undertaker.
A communication from Jona. Hune- well and others, relative to the propo- sed Bridge to South Boston and pray- ing that a Committee be appointed to confer with them on that subject, was read and sent down.
IN COMMON COUNCIL.
Monday, March 13 .- Messrs. Cur- tis, Hallet, Tracy and Brewer, were joined to a committee from the Board of Aldermen ( Messrs. Bellows, Welsh and Robbins) with full power to agree with Joseph Heard Jr. upon the price he shall pay for a strip of land in Court Street.
A committee was appointed on the petition of John S. Foster, proposing an exchange of land near Fourth- Street, South-Boston. The same com- mittee were directed to inquire into the rights of the city to certain lots in South-Boston, set off for a School House and Market-Place.
A report subsequently came down from the Board of Aldermen, recom- mending the addition of a story to the Eliot school-house, and an appropria- tion of $5000 to effect the object, which passed, in concurrence, to a sec- ond reading.
The report of the Committee on the petition of Moses Greenleaf, recom- mending the sale by Auction of Town- ship No. 6. in Maine, belonging to the city, was accepted, and the Committee authorised to carry the same into ef- fect.
A report of a committee on the peti- tion of Wm. Whitney and others, was referred to Committee on the subject of the revision of the By Laws, with instructions to report an ordinance con- taining provisions calculated, as far as practicable, to remedy the evils of carelessness and negligence in carpen- ter's shops.
The joint Committee appointed to consider the expediency of making a Reservoir and digging a well in S. Market street were discharged frem the further consideration of the subject at their own request ; an: the same was referred to the Committee on the extension of Faneuil Hall Market, with full power to carry the same into effect. if they shall be of opinion that the same ought to be done.
Messrs. Peabody, Brooks, Rice, Sprague, Dyer. Clark, and Aspinwall, were joined to the Committee of the Board of Aldermen to whom was refer-
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THE BOSTON NEWS-LETTER,
red the communication relating to the appropriation of the 2d story of the Centre Hall of the New Market House for the Statue of Washington ; with instructions to consider the expe- diency and practicability of erecting a suitable building on the Common for the reception of the Statue of Washing- ton ; and if said Committee should be in favor thereof, that they report a plan of such building with the expense thereof, and the sum which probably could be obtained by private subscrip- tion.
SUMMARY.
On Wednesday last, the Patriot commenced publishing remarks of the commissioners on the Mass. Canal Re .. port. As the article in question would occupy too much room, we re- fer our readers to that paper. The subject must interest those who are favourably disposed towards internal improvements.
Dr. C. Follen, late professor in the University of Basil, is abount com- mencing a course of lectures on civil law in this city.
Some of the friends of the late Sec- retary of State, Mr. Bradford, who is now lecturing on revealed religion, in Boston, propose giving him their votes for Lt. Governor.
Col. John Williams, of Tenn. ap- pointed Minister to Guatamala, will sail in the John Adams, from Norfolk.
Official Intelligence has proved that Nicholas is in good earnest, Em- peror of Russia, and King of Poland.
Capt. Seward Porter, has been au- thorized by the legislature of Maine, 10 raise $25,000 by lottery, within ten years, for the benefit of Steam Navigation.
The American Atheneum is united to the New-York Literary Gazette and Phi Beta Kappa Repository, under the combined title of " The New-York Lit- erary Gazette, and American Athena- um.'
The heirs of Robert Fulton have been provided for by the Legislature of New-York.
The Peace Society of Maine, after a dormant state of several years, has been resuscitated and organized.
Coal, of an excellent quality, is said to have been discovered in the lower part of the village of Poughkeepsie.
The alarm of fire on Tuesday morn- ing proceeded from the dwelling of Mrs. Gibbs, Olive-street, and that at noon from the house of Mr. Eaton, Sun-Court street. The roofs of both the houses were discovered to be on fire ; neither were much injured.
The new Theatre in Moscow is said to be the largest in Europe. It is 349 feet in length, exclusive of the peri- style, and 216 in breadth. The height of the curtain is 51 fret, and its width 63 feet. The depth of the stage is 133 feet, and its width the same It has 133 boxes, in four rows, one above the other.
The ladies of the new Stone Church in Portland, Me. have presented that Society with a Christening Basin, which is said to be the richest in work- manship ever manufactured in this city, or even in our country. It was made by Mr. J. B. Jones, in Market street, Boston.
Longevity .- The Barnstable Ga- zette says-On Wednesday, the 13th ult. Mrs. Phebe Taylor, of Orleans, completed her hundredth year ; and retains her faculties in a remarkable degree.
Lt. Wm. T. Bourne, of the Marire Corps at the Gossport Navy Yard, was killed on the 4th iust. in a duel, by Lt. Smith, of the same corps. Bourne was shot about two inches be- low the right breast, on learning which, Smith immediately absconded.
At the annual meeting of the subscri- bers to the School for the Blind, held at Liverpool, it was ascertained that the average subscriptions to this chari- ty had been £1720 a year since 1820.
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AND CITY RECORD, MARCH 25, 1826.
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HISTORICAL.
SKETCH OF THE TOWN OF LOWELL.
· The town of Lowell as incorporated by an act of the General Court, passed on the first day of March 1826, con- tains four square miles. formerly the north eastern section of the town of Chelmsford. It is situated at the con- fluence of the Merrimack and Con- cord rivers, the former of which sepa- rates it from Dracut on the north ; the latter from Tewksbury on the east. From its location and other circum- stances, it is reasonable to infer that it will be among the first, -- if not the first, -- manufacturing towns in the United Siates. The first efforts in this place to promote manufactures, were made in 1813. In consequence of the restrictions that were laid upon com- merce, and of the war with Great Brit- ain, the attention of many enterprizing men was directed to domestic manufac- tures. Capt. Phineas Whiting, and Capt. Josiah Fletcher, having selected an eligible site on Concord river, at the Wamesit Falls, about a hundred rods from the Merrimack, erected, at the expense of about $3000, a large wooden building for a cotton manufac- tory. In the autumn of 1818, they sold their buildings, and their right to the water power, to Mr. Thomas Hurd. Mr. Hurd has since fitted up the wood- en factory, and erected also a large brick building and several dwelling houses, and improves the same for fab- ricating woollen goods. About four hundred yards of satinet, and one hun- dred yards of cassimere, are manufac- tured at this establishment daily, -- made from the raw materials, dyed, dressed, and prepared on the premises for the market. Upwards of one hun- dred hands find employment in this branch of manufactures. During the last summer, Mr. Hurd made some im- provements in this machinery, by which he was enabled to dispense with the labour of sixteen girls, and vacate room to the amount of two thousand feet. He has also commenced an ex- tension of his business, by the erec- 14*
tion of a factory at the foot of the Paw- tucket falls, on the Dracut side of the Merrimack.
About the year 1820, or 21, Messrs. Patrick T. Jackson, Nathan Ap: I ton, and Kirk Boott, of Boston, entered into a design to form a company for the purpose of manufacturing cotton goods, particularly calicoes. They accord- ingly commenced an enquiry for a suitable water privilege. A large num- ber of privileges were examined, and for various reasons rejected. At length Mr. Paul Moody, then connect- ed with the manufacturing establish- lishments in Waltham, while on a visit to his friends in Amesbury, met with Mr. Worthen, a man of taste, views and feelings congenial to his own, to whom he mentioned that an extensive water privilege was wanted by the above named gentlemen. To whom Mr. Worthen replied, " why do they not purchase the canal around the Pawtucket falls, in Chelmsford ? They can put up as many works as they please there and never want for wa- ter." This conversation resulted in a visit of those gentlemen to Chelms- ford, and from observation they were both satisfied that the privilege was exactly what was wanted. The Paw- tucket canal was immediately purchas- ed by Messrs. Jackson, Appleton and Boott. This canal was projected about the year 1790, and the proprie- tors were incorporated in the summer session of 1792, by the name of The Proprietors of Locks and Canals on Merrimack River. It was opened for the purpose of facilitating the trans- portation of wood and lumber from the interior to Newburyport. It is about one and a half miles in length, had four sets of locks, and was built at an expenditure of $50,000. Its direction is nearly east and it enters the Con- cord river just above its junction with the Merrimack, where the water is 32 feet lower than at the head of the Paw- tucket falls.
It is worthy of remark, that a few years since an engineer was sent to examine this place, by a number of gentlemen in Boston, who made a re-
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THE BOSTON NEWS-LETTER,
port that there was no water privilege here. On examination we are not surprised at the result of his investiga- tion, for it required more capital than it would have been justifiable to have invested in any one establishment at that time.
The company made the first pur- chase of real estate, Nov. 2d. 1821. They began their work about the 1st of April, 1822. On the 10th of July they began to dig the canal broader and deeper, and let the water iuto it about the Ist Sept. 1823. Five hun. dred men were constantly employed in digging and blasting. The gun-pow- der used in blasting, amounted to $6,000 at one shilling per pound. The whole expense of digging out the ca- nal was about $120,000. It is now 60 feet wide, has three sets of locks, and the water in it is 8 feet deep, and is calculated to supply 50 mills, con- taining 3,600 spindles each, (making, in all, 180,000.) In digging this canal, ledges were found considerably below the old canal, which bore evident tra- ces of its having once been the bed of the river. Many places were found worn into the ledge, as there usually are in falls, by stones kept constantly in motion by the water; some of these cavities were one foot or more in diameter and two feet deep.
The company was first incorporated by the name of the Merrimack Man- ufacturing Company. In 1825, a new company was formed, called the Proprietors of Locks and Canals on Merrimack River, to whom the Merri- mack Manufacturing Company sold all the water privilege, and all their real estate, together with the Machine Shop and its appurtenances, reserving to themselves water power sufficient for five factories and the print works.
The proprietors of Locks and Ca- nals are incorparated with a capital of $600,000. The Merrimack Manufac- turing Company is now acting apon a capital of $1,200,000. They have now five buildings nearly completed for factories, three of which are filled with requisite machinery and in ope- ration. One was put in operation in
Sept. 1823; another in Sept. 182: . the machinery for these two was made in Waltham. The third was put operation in Nov. 1825 ; the machine- ry for which was made here. They have two buildings for print work . and for bleaching, which commenced operation in the autumn of 1821. This Company are now working .: the rate of 450,000 lbs. of cotton per annum, and making about 2,000,000 yards of cloth, all of which is bleached. and about three fourths of it dyed and printed on the premises.
The Hamilton Manufacturing Com- pany was incorporated in Jan. 1825. with a capital of $600,000. They have erected, during the last season. one factory 155 feet by 45, and com- pleted the foundation for a second. which is to be built the present year. They have erected also two blocks of houses, with eight tenements in each. and are preparing to erect two more. 193 feet in length, and 36 feet wide. They have also built a counting house, store house, and a house for the agent.
These are all of brick, covered with slate, and great care has been taken to render them as secure from fire as possible. It is intended to continue their buildings on the same uniform plan .-- The machinery is now prepar- ing, and will be put in operation in May next, for the purpose of manufac- turing a variety of twilled cotton goods, dimity, &c .- such as are not at present made in this country, or only by hand looms ; and probably only by hand looms in England. They use the wa- ter on a fall of 13 feet, taking it from a feeding canal level with the Merrimack above the falls, and discharging it into the middle level of the Pawtucket ca- nal. so that their works are entirely out of the reach of flood waters from the river below, and well secured from danger above, being above one mile from the falls in the river. There are sites for eight factories, similarly situated, in this feeder.
In consequence of the purchases made by the Merrimack Company, about five families moved off from their ground, which is now occupied by a
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AND CITY RECORD, MARCH 25, 1826.
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population estimated at fifteen hun- dred There are now upwards of one hundred tenements erected for the ac- commodation of persons employed in the factories, print works, and machine shop; all of which have been built since April Ist, 1822. In the houses belonging to the Merrimack Manufac- turing Company, there are 967 per- sons, of which 299 are males, and 668 females. Only 107 are below twelve years of age ; no persons being em- ployed in the factories under that age. The number of persons in the houses appertaining to the machine shop is 263, of which 162 are males, and 101 females, 57 of the number are under 12 years of age. Some idea can be formed of the amount of labour done in the machine shop from the fact that, on an average, half a ton of cast iron has been used daily from the commencement of the establish- ment, besides large quantities of wrought iron. The neatness and beau- ty of their work reflects great credit upon the workmen, as well as upon the skill of the superintendent. In the vi- cinity of the machine shop the Com- pany have erected asaw-mill, in which two saws are kept constantly running -- the logs for which are rafted down the Merrimack, and taken directly from the canal into the mill. Preparations are also making by the company to erect a brick block this summer for stores, dwelling houses, and a hall for a library and a reading room.
Notwithstanding the abundance of water power in this part of the country, that in use here possesses advantages which will probably bring together a great amount and variety of manufac- turing business .- The most obvious of these are its proximity to market,-be- ing 24 miles from Boston, -- the facility of communications by the Middlesex canal, by means of which the materi- als used in the factories can be put in- to a boat in Boston, and landed at the door of the factory, and their goods returned in the same way ;- which, compared with transportation by land, is a great convenience, and a consider- able reduction of expense ; also the
neighbourhood of other establishments for different purposes, which afford va- rious facilities to each other. But the principal advantage is in the perma- nency of the water power, compared with that on smaller streams, where, almost every season, a drought of some weeks, causes a serious interruption, if not a total suspension of business ; thus throwing a large number of hands out of employ .-- But here, in the dry- est season, there can be but little doubt that the Merrimack will supply as much water as the present canal will carry, being calculated for fifty factories, of the size of those already erected. Compared with the extent of the wa- ter power, what has as yet been done, may be considered only as the begin- ning. When we take into view the natural advantages of the place, and the facilities that the establishment of one manufactory affords for the estab- lishment of others, either for similar or different purposes, it is not unreasona- ble to suppose, that the place will con- tinne to increase, if not with the same rapid strides with which it has com- menced, yet keeping pace with the prosperity of the country, and the in- crease of manufacture, till the whole water power shall be brought into use. When this shall be the case, the popu- lation cannot be less than 25,000, as each factory will give employment, directly and indirectly, to 500 people. Fifty factories, upon the plan now pur- sued, would put in operation 7000 looms .-- The number in use in Man- chester, says the Quarterly Review, was estimated last year at 30,000. In 1812 there was not a power loom used in Manchester. We state this fact, to show that our calculations. as to the future growth of this place, are not al- together visionary ; especially when it is considered, that the manufacturers this side of the Atlantic have the ad- vantage over those on the other, not only for the supply of our own market, but for commanding the trade with South America, Mexico, and the West Indies.
There are many considerations in favour of this town, compared with
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THE BOSTON NEWS-LETTER,
the manufacturing towns in Europe. Most of those have grown up from small beginnings, and without any special provisions to secure to them a moral and intellectual character ; the consequence of which is that vice and ignorance have kept pace with the growth of the establishments - Here great attention is given to education and moral improvement. On this point the liberal and correct proceed ings of the gentlemen who have estab- lished manufactures here, deserve es- pecial notice .- One of the first build- ings erected was a school house, where they have since regularly sup- ported a school. Last year a church was built of stone from the ledges at an expense of $9000 .--- It is a beautiful specimen of the Gothic architecture. A stone house is also nearly completed for the rector. A church will also be erected the coming season by the Bap- tist society, lately organized, on the ground generously given by Mr. Hurd, at the easterly part of the town, near Concord river. A liberal appropria- tion has also been made, which, with the judicious donation of one of the ' agents, has furnished a very respecta- ble library for the use of those employ- ed in the factories .- These things af- ford very little countenance to the commonplace remarks on the vice and ignorance of a manufacturing popula- tion ; which certainly cannot be ap- plied with any correctness in this country.
. The whole population of the town is probably 2500. It is now a very con- siderable market for the neighbouring towns, and is becoming more so daily ; and from its location will probably have an extensive trade with the adja- cent country. There are now twelve stores, and several more will be open- ed in the course of the present year.
It ought, perhaps, to be mentioned that upon the opposite side of Con- cord river, in Tewksbury, the Belvi- dere village containing three or four hundred inhabitants, has grown up within the last four years, in conse- quence of the establishments in this place. It has several stores which do
considerable business. There are also sites for factories, which may be oc- cupied at some future time.
We have thus thrown together such facts as we were able to collect, and though only an outline, we hope it will not be altogether uninteresting to those who now occupy the grounds, which, a century ago, the last of the Pawtucketts gave up to English- men, and leaving the graves of their fathers, retreated into the wilds of the north .- Merrimack Gaz.
INDIAN QUITULAIMS.
There was a small tribe of Indians at Middleboro', twenty miles west- ward ; one at the south, a little near- er ; one on the Cape; and one at Bristol, where resided Massasoit, the grand sachem of all the tribes in this vicinity ..
When our ancestors came to Salem, in 1628, there were no Indians at the place, or nearer than Ipswich, and a very few at Saugus. But there is no evidence of any dispute as to our peo- ple occupying the land, or of their forcing the natives to quit it .* And it is impossible such evidence would not be known, if any dispute or contest took place. The sachem of Neponset, Chickataubut ; of Agawam, or Ips- wich, Masconomo ; and of Mistic and Saugus, John and James, were all very friendly ; visiting Boston, Salem, Charlestown, and Watertown ; and living near the English in perfect har- mony, without complaint of trespass or usurpation or injustice. Johnson says expressly, that the lands (herea- bout) were all purchased at first ; but that there was some dispute as to the particular bounds of some parts. There are deeds of Medford, of Con- cord, of Ipswich, of Newbury, &c. now existing, or mentioned as having been executed ; and the price is also named.
Massasoit, or Ousamequin, the sa- chem of Pocanocket, or Mount Hope, was chief of a tribe, which spread over the greater part of Plymouth colony. There were several tribes, as at Aga-
* Iligginson says the Indians consented.
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