USA > Massachusetts > Suffolk County > Boston > The memorial history of Boston : including Suffolk County, Massachusetts. 1630-1880, Vol. II > Part 55
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1 John Bushell, for a time printer of the Post-Boy, was a native of Boston and began business in 1734. He was afterward of the firm of (Jonas) Green, Bushell, and (John) Allen. They printed chiefly for booksellers. Jonas Green printed a grammar of the Hebrew tongue, by Judah Monis, professor of Hebrew at Cam- bridge. The type belonged to the college, and was long preserved in the Museum at Cam- bridge. Green went to Philadelphia and was associated there with Bradford and Franklin. Thomas, History of Printing, i. 350, 360.
2 Thomas, History of Printing, ii. 253, gives the following : " At a Council held at the Coun- cil Chamber in Boston, upon Tuesday the 9th day of March, 1741.
" Whereas there is published in the Weekly Paper called the Boston Evening Post, of yester- day's date, a paragraph in the following words : 'Last Saturday, Captain Gibbs arrived here from Madeira, who informs, that before he left that Island, Captain Dandridge, in one of his Majesty's ships of forty Guns, came in there
from England, and gave an Account, that the Parliament had called for all the Papers relating to the War, and 'twas expected that the Right Honorable Sir Robert Walpole would be taken into Custody in a very few Days. Captain Dan- dridge was going upon the Virginia station to relieve the valiant and vigilant Knight there, almost wore out in the Service of his Country, and for which he has a Chance to be rewarded with a Flag,' - which Paragraph contains a scan- dalous and libellous reflection upon his Majesty's Administration, and may tend very much to in- flame the Minds of his Majesty's Subjects here and disaffect them to his Government, -
" Therefore, Ordered, that the Attorney-Gen- eral do, as soon as may be, file an information against Thomas Fleet, the Publisher of the said Paper, in his Majesty's Superior Court of Judi- cature, Court of Assize and General Gaol De- livery, in order to his being prosecuted for his said Offence as Law and Justice requires.
" W. Shirley."
"Copy Examin'd, per }. Willard, Sec."
·
403
THE PRESS OF THE PROVINCIAL PERIOD.
in prose and verse, though Fleet himself did not share in the apprehensions of some of his contributors.1
Fleet was conspicuous among the printers of the eighteenth century. His printing-house on Pudding Lane, now Devonshire Street, was first opened in 1712. He printed pamphlets, sermons, ballads, and books for nearly half a century. In 1713 he moved his business to a spacious and handsome house in Cornhill, where he erected the sign of the " Heart and Crown." The house served as a home for his family, offices for his book and newspaper printing, and for an auction room, where in the evening, when the labors of his busy day were ended, he 80+ sold books, household goods, wearing apparel, and whatever else was looked for at a country auction. He died in July, 1758, aged 73 years.2. His sons, T H FLEETS Thomas and John, succeeded to his business and continued the Evening & JOHN 0 Post till April, 1775, when the disturbed state of the country compelled them to FLEET'S SIGN. abandon it. It was spirited, enterprising, and independent to the last, whigs and tories, patriots and royalists, meeting in its pages on equal terms.
The first number of the Independent Advertiser was issued in January 1748, by Rogers and Fowle, on a half-sheet crown folio, the head em- bellished with a homely cut, representing Britannia liberating a bird confined by a cord to the seal or arms of France. The opening address, in unusually direct and spirited English, showed that the writer had a definite purpose and intended to fulfil it. The original writing was chiefly political, in the form of essays, relating directly to the leading interests of the province and the times. These essays were contributed by an association of gentlemen hav- ing no pecuniary interest in the enterprise, of whom Samuel Adams, then a young man of twenty-six years, was one. They were forcibly and earnestly written, and had marked influence upon public opinion.3 The journal lived but two years.4
1 Buckingham, Reminiscences, i. 141-43.
2 Fleet was a native of Shropshire, England. While working as a journeyman at Bristol, he showed some disrespect to Sacheverel, then on a "tour of triumph " through that part of Eng- land, and it became necessary for him to leave the country. He escaped in a vessel bound for Boston, where he arrived in 1712. T. Crump was associated with him in printing some of his earlier books, and printed a few on his own ac- count, but made no great mark.
8 Wells's Life and Public Services of Samuel Adams, i., 15, 16, where extracts from his contri- butions are given.
4 Rogers and Fowle were at this time the leading printers of the colony. They had been six years together, and won high reputation for accurate and thorough work. They printed and published the American Magazine from 1743 to 1746. They were the first successful manufac- turers of ink in America. They printed for Daniel Henchman the first English impression of the New Testament in America. In 1750 they dissolved partnership, and The Advertiser was discontinued. Rogers began business on his own account in 1723, printing principally for booksellers. Two or three years after leaving Fowle, his house, printing-office, and types were
404
. THE MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BOSTON.
Samuel Kneeland, after dissolving his partnership with Green, started, in January, 1753, a new journal, called the Boston Gazette or Weekly Adver- tiser, on the foundation of the Boston Gazette and Weekly Fournal. It was printed in Queen Street, weekly the first year, without name of printer or publisher. It had no original contributions, but gathered the news diligently from all available sources, and had a good advertising support. It was printed for two years and two months, when the provincial stamp-tax put an end to it. It was succeeded the month following by the Boston Gazette and Country Fournal, the third newspaper of the name in Boston, published Johan Gilf Edes th Gill by Benjamin Edes and John Gill, in King (State) Street. They removed soon afterward to the office in Queen Street (corner of Court and Franklin Avenue), and printed on a whole sheet, -which had now become the prevailing custom. Samuel Adams and other gentlemen who had been inter- ested in the Independent Advertiser gave the new Gazette their support and en- couragement, and assisted in making it the or- gan of the Revolution, during which it exerted a great influence and won a most honorable re- nown. Its history and that of its patriotic found- ers belong to that period, and will be reserved for another chapter.
Berg.0 Edes
destroyed by fire. He lived in reduced circum- stances till the autumn of 1775, when he died, at the age of seventy years. Daniel Fowle served his apprenticeship with S. Kneeland. On leav- ing Rogers he set up an office in Ann (North) Street, where he printed and sold books on a small scale. In July, 1755, a pamphlet made its appearance in Boston, of which Fowle was sus- pected to be the printer, and on that suspicion was subjected to severe treatment. The pam- phlet was entitled The Monster of Monsters : a true and faithful Narrative of a most remarkable phenomenon lately seen in this Metropolis ; to the great Surprize and Terror of His Majesty's good Subjects ; humbly dedicated to all the Virtuosi of New England: By Thomas Thumb, Esq. This allegorical monster appears to have been an ex- cise law, which was on its passage through the House of Representatives. It was said to have made its first appearance in an Assembly of Matrons, where it was received with great favor, and great pains taken to make others admire it. A number of speeches were reported as having been made by the ladies of the assembly ; but whether the speeches bore any resemblance to the discussions in the House of Representa- tives is quite doubtful. But the House chose to make an application of the remarks to several of its members, and
" Resolved, That the pamphlet entitled The Monster of Monsters is a false, scandalous libel, reflecting upon the proceedings of the House in general, and on many worthy members in par- ticular, in breach of the privileges thereof.
" Ordered, That the said pamphlet be burnt by the hands of the common Hangman, below the Court House, in King Street, Boston, and that the Messenger of the House see the same carried into execution.
" Resolved, That the Messenger of the House do forthwith take into custody, Daniel Fowle, of Boston, Printer, who they are informed was concerned in printing and publishing the said pamphlet, and that the Speaker issue his war- rant for that purpose." - Buckingham, Reminis- cences, i. 1 59.
Fowle was arrested and confined for a time in the common jail. After his release he gave a full account of his confinement and sufferings in a pamphlet called A Total Eclipse of Liberty. Disgusted with his treatment here, he went to Portsmouth, N. II., where he estab- lished, in 1756, the first printing-office in that section of the State, began the publication of the New Hampshire Gazette, was made printer to the Government, and lived much respected and honored until 1787, when he died at the age of seventy-two years.
THE NUMB: 50.
Bofton GAZETTE, OR COUNTRY JOURNAL
Containing the frefheft Advices Foreign and Domestick.
MONDAY, MARCH 15, 1756.
I
To the PRINTERs, Ko. Really think you Printers are the mof milisief fing and gusting, and applying and applying, till they making Set of Men in theWord-Wi, can't fancy they but right, and do Some Folks a great deal you content yourselves with publishing Sermons of Harm.
and other good Books : fuch as the common I am of the Mind, that not only the Prefs, but the People may be allowed to read: Bus you'. SPEECH of People 100, at this juncture ought to be re- wat hindle, like Fools, with Things which only a Brain'd .- Great Mijebref may be done by the Freedom
fewFolks have any Right to concern themselves about- You discover your MALIGNANCY to the Publick in twelling upon fuch Subjects, as tend to give us great Pain and Difquietude- bad you given us the Hifory ytre Patriots and Heroes -- of well-laid Plans, of Glorious Atchicvementt'and fuccefiful Campaigns- Battles fought with Hooour and Victories sven, it would have been pleaforit to us -- but alar " you just mentioned Louisbourg, and Said no more - or tad you only told us forme maury Takes, they would have I leafed wr, provided they had no Meaning - her your Sub. jett bave been fo grave and melancholy,that we are in Danger of a Fit if the Spleen --- Do You pretend to Kod Euuht with Generals. i Intollerable Infolenge ! Sades; De you know avhat Damage you do ? What lerinighe not be made to appear under bed Co- tours, if you Should be for malicious as to publish all the Failing you are pleai'd to suspect of there ? And conbider the Hardthip of coodraining People upoo BARE SUSPICION i
Well, you bad fair Warning of all this, to my Knowledge, forme Months ago- I perceived you bad an Isch at ScalBasava, and.i was afraid you would Je our CAP-MON.g-a.Ex --- os in au add Light to the World , and therefore I published in the Evening.Polt, the Lester frame abe-Romao General; ·pobertin. J quede is Mainly appear, that no Boty Andany Busines to suquing preso the Conduct of Gere male, but sham ches and is low marc- And you see ! PHILADELPHIA, March 4 .** We hear that & Men, s of when had formerly Spike the Somsiments of every Body elfo . for norwich. Blanding the Peber you made to promote an Enquiry deferred from the French, and are either Freoch. into fome late Affairs, All-aro doaf to your Clamori. and none attempt as Enquiry I am glad you are difappointed - I hope for the Country's Sake, we Shall ge oj with Es-m (jult as we have done ) for two Years to come, if there inDesafion- I am of the Mind NEW-YORK, March 8. We hear from the Walkil. in OrangeCounty, that on Friday the 28th of laft Month, one Motgao Owens was fhot and fcalpt there by three Indians, who the Day before were (eco and known 10 that Neighbour. hood to be the River Indians .- It Seems Owens had Jaft gone out of a Houfe a few Minutes before, in which he left one Selas Mulfe, who hearing threeGuns go off, took op his Gun and went out ; he had not gone far, before he faw the Jodians making towards him, but none of their Gons loaded, he had room to run ; the Indians being afraid to follow till they had loaded, agaio. accordingly he pufhed into a Swamp where he hid himself, and few his Purfaers pas clofe by hip io Search of him, but happily mils'd feeing him :- Soon after the Indians leaving the Swamp, he came out, and made the belt of hir Way to fome Settlements ; and a Number of the Inhabitants food after went out in Parfait of thenr. is is the only Way Tell to face us from Ruin- by this Means we Shall all be employed, and there will & Plunder enough fornowhere, to pay us- but if you good to print about var Generals- and are to ill. matured as to for them inContrast with your HENRY's, Jour MARLBOROUGH'S your PEPPERSELL'S. GO. - I fear no Man que Inke, w !! go with us- Stop your PRESS then, -forbour to print any more about Gene- rals- leave of Politics and print only Sermons-but Ary-let me fer-SERMONS ?: 00+-you must not print Sermons~unless they are first infected by Performs ca. pable of imfpechng : For foms Gratlemen wubs make Sermons, think then borg a Right-may-they have of late ferted that they ong hr ex Officio, " to blow thetrumpet I Zion," and tell ouen Generals thear Daty and their Faults - I have too great a Regard to the Clash to pronounce this Arrogant, metsber hult 1- for they quote Scripture for it == they tell me you can't print a certain Book in this Country. Com Privilegio-and fo there is no Danger as that Head- but as you have 'a Place called Little Britain, in New- Jersey wear the got touse the Way of Retailing it will be in your Power Place, to the Number of 70 Men, gathered together to give the Posple the anbots of it ru Spite of theWorld,i on Monday Laft,and went out with their Arme d 7 arlofs you com be prevented printing Sermons.
History is another pernicious Sadyech, which get your have trefumed to deal out to su-Why Don't you know Mat Hiftory treats of Wars, of Generaja, and of Armes ? - Thefo History Writer have a blant Way too" If a General has been a Cyd or fo. they won't Irruple to tell the World of st- You might not print Hiflory then-left you foould do more Mifchef than roen your felve, are aware of - Do you venture ic ask zuhat Mijchsef ? I'll tell you - The common People bave of late got a mighty Knack at conjuting- 1bey will apply the mof ridiculous Characters to the mal reputable Perfopages -- and e contra- you kperu subar I mean- If you should give us the History of Hero, they will take upon them to ask, Wie W meant by this ? If of a.Cd -a T-tar ji the lako-
Who is meant by that ? And fo they will keep guef-
Montrols, belonging to the Royal Train of Artillery in this Place were Paffengers, having put into a Small Harbour, by Reafoo of bad Weather, in the Night Time & Number of lodians in Canoes boarded and took the Veffel and made Prisoners of the Men ; but what they have done with them we have not yet heard.
BOSTON. ! March 15.
On Wedpelday Laft the Great and General Court or Affembly of ibis Province was adjoareed to the :30 of this Month.
Capt. Metcalf was to fail from Halifax the Day after Capt. Junkins, who arrived here laft Mooday in 14 Days from thatPlace ; on Thefday 7. Night they faw a Sloop, which chey Supposed to be Metcalf's, make Signals of Diftrefs, but as the Wind blew very hard it was impracticable to give them any Afiftance.
Yefterday Afteroooo, Capt. Trefrey arrived here in five Days from Halifax, the Papers are not yet come to Hand : He informs, that a Day or two be- fore he fail'd, a Fire broke out there at ooe Picket's was never without aSufficiency of the bell-In Short. " Houle, which entirely confum'd that and feveral ad -. be gave it as his Opinion, that Bancooct was an bonef Man, and hoped that aber Generali might be joining Bailding, the Lofs fuftain'd 'computed to be [.2000 Sterling : He alfo informs, that Cape. Piercy and one other Tranfport which weot from hence to bring up our Soldiers, were arrived there; As Capt. Trefiey brings no Account of Capt .Metcalf, mentioned More, tis fear'd he is either blows of, or founder'd. This Morning arrived here in three Days from Holfax, General WINSLOW. . as honeft as te .- He led us from Du Quefue to Ofwego, and told us the exact Diftance from that Fart to Albaoy ; and from thence to Lake George. - He they began to enlarge upon fome Mateus of grant Importance. with fa much Waruab and Fr.vdom, that I was wen frighted. I woas differb'd in my Ref the auhole Night after : and could not belp confortgp Golf. and fearing left I Should incur the Dipleasure of my Friends for being prefens in fach Company, the' 1 de ut repurober thut L'openld. my Lips the tale Evening &
Suce our laft,feveral Firea have broke out in Town, bin by the Activity of the People, none of them got to fuch a Heighth, as to do any confiderable Damage .?
W'e have no Account from feveral Towns to the Eaffward, that'laft Thursday,betweco ft 4 o'clock" m the Afternoon, there was a Small Shock of 20 Earthquake fentibly felt by a Number of Perfans in cach Place.
The PETITION .; RTFUL Puoter, by this Plan A Draw a Female if you cap. Print her Features bolt and gay, Caffing Modefly away Let ber Air the Mode 'express, " And fantaftick be bet Drefs ; Cock her up a little Hat Of various Colours, this and that ; Make her Cap the Fashion nevy As loch of Gauze or Lace will do ; Cut her Hair the. fborteft Dock ). Nicely braid her Forehead Lock ; : Put ber oo a Negligee,
A thort Sack or Sheperdce. Ruffled up to keep har warm, Eight or Tea upoo an Arm ; Let het Hoop extendiog wide Shew het Garters and het Pride. Her Stockings muft be pure and white, For they are feldom out of Sight, Let het have a high heel'd Shoc; And a glittering Buckle too ; Other . Trifles that you find, Make quite Carelefs as her Mind, Thus equipp'd fhe's charming Ware For the Races or the Fair.
Monday laft being the annual Meeting of theFree. holders and other lahabitants of this Towo, joEN PHILLIPS, Elq: was chofen Moderator, and the following Perfoas to ferve in the refpective Offices hereafter mentioned for the Year entuing vez.
Town-Clerk ; Ezekiel Goldthwaie, Elq;
Select- Mex ; Me. Samuel Grant Mr. Thomas Hill, jolbus Henfaw, Efq; Capt. Jofeph Jackfoo, Mt. Thomas Calbing, Capt. Samuel Hewes, and Mr. Joho Scollay.
Town-Treafurer & Mt. David Jeffries. Overfeers of the Poor , The Honourable Jacob Wendell, Efq; Col. Joho Hill, Daniel Heathma, Lfq; Mr. Edward Brombeld, the Hon. Andrew Oliver Rfq; John Phillips, Eq; Mr. Marc Walter, EDcom zer Storer, Efq; Mr. John Burret, Capt. Nuthagy Greenwood, Mr.RoyalTyler, & Mr Them-Suey
Titticut-Lottery Tickets, which is to be drawn the fecond Tueklay of May next, are to be fold by the Printers hereof.
of Speaking, as they call it -- I was Verber Evening in Company, where a Gentleman took the Liberty to talk of Generals . He told us thes BRADDOCK WHY au experienced and brave Commander -- there be wocm indeed unfortunate, but no Blarog could be Juftly im- puled to Him or his Officers- He cook Notice of the Progreft he made in Du Quelne, and the great Difi- cuisses that attended his Mareb- baving reach'd within a few Miles of the Forr, by the orb of July,
the to bed encountered Mountains unered before, and had not the Advantage of Water-Carriage .- He particularly observed, that this General cask properCare, to get a Supply of Provisions for his Army in Seafon, and
men. or Germans that Speak French, have deferted from the Regulars quarter'd at Falton. The Country is defired to look out fharp fur them, and codcavour, to uppechend them.
We elfo here from Gothen, that the Inhabitants of
Days Provilions, againft the Indians, determined to kill and deftroy every one they met with.
HALIFAX, February 25.
There is Advice io Town, ThatCape. Milton, who fail'd from Chigneeto fome Time ago with a Cargo of Freoch Neutrals, in order to traufport them to fome other Place, was, in their Paffage, overcome by the Frepch, thro' the Treachery of fome of bis People, who carried her into St. Mary's Bay, where they lay near a Mooth, after which they earned her Bom St. Joho's, where they butgr tpe Veffel, sod deliver'd the People into'sbe Hands of the lodians.
A Frenchmag Luely takenPrifemes by Cape.Levis's Party of Rangefs, Informa, That a Schowow froma Bolton, tomates bowed to Anapoli Legal, AR board which Cape. Lien. March and & prima
406
THE MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BOSTON.
The Boston Weekly Advertiser was first issued August 22, 1757, by Green and Russell, " for the purpose of collecting from time to time the newest and best intelligence." It was to be open to any gentlemen who would favor the publishers with " Pieces of Speculation, provided they were wrote with Decency and Public Peace." The news was well looked after, but "pieces of speculation," and indeed original contributions of any kind, were conspicuously absent. In a few years the Advertiser took the name, by combination or substitution, of the News-Letter, Post-Boy, and Massachusetts Gazette, with which it was in alliance more or less intimate. Its circulation was not large; but the paper was well printed, and was on most friendly terms with other journals, interchanging advertisements, news, types, and titles with a freedom hitherto unknown. Messrs. Green and Russell were appointed printers to the British Commissioners, used the seal of the gov- ernment as a part of their title, and loyally sustained all the measures of the Government. In 1773 Messrs. Green and Russell were succeeded by two young printers, Mill and Hicks, who enjoyed the special favor of the Crown officers. They brought fresh spirit into its columns, and employed able writers on the government side, as the crisis matured. This brought to their journal reputation and influence, which were at their highest when the war closed its career. It was printed for twenty-eight years.
John Green the printer, son of Bartholomew Green, Jr., was the last of the descendants of Samuel Green, of Cambridge, who followed the trade and kept to the traditions of his family. He died, greatly respected, in November, 1787.1 Joseph Russell, his partner, had a good reputation as a printer, but he won especial celebrity as an auctioneer, by his quick wit, his kindly manners, and his devotion to his calling. Nathaniel Mill is
1 [This Green family is so associated with printing in Boston, in its early days, that it is worth while to make clear the relationship of the several members : -
BARTHOLOMEW, the Emigrant, arrived 1632.
Samuel, Came with his father ; printed the Indian Bible ; d. 1702, aged 88. Cambridge.
Samuel, b. 1648; d. 1690. Boston.
Bartholomew, d. 1732. Boston.
Timothy, b. 1679, Boston ; removed to New London, 1714 d. 1757. 1 Timothy, Boston ; removed, 1752, to New London.
Bartholomew, fr .. Boston. 1751, removed to Nova Scotia. -
John, Boston ; d. 1787.
Samuel, d. 1752 ; with his father ; his three sons were printers in Connecticut.
Nathaniel, New London.
Jonas, Philadelphia and Annapolis.
See N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg., 1862, p. 14; 1874, p. 199 .- ED.]
407
THE PRESS OF THE PROVINCIAL PERIOD.
chronicled as a sensible and genteel young man, who had principal charge of the printing after Green and Russell retired. John Hicks, his partner, began life as a zealous Whig, and was supposed to have had a part in the Boston Massacre. His father was one of those who went out to attack the British troops returning from Concord to Boston on the 19th of April, and was one of the first who fell. Young Hicks, however, was soon won over to the British side, and went with the army to Halifax, where he acquired wealth and position. He returned late in life to Massachusetts, and died on his farm in Newton. Both Mill and Hicks were proscribed and banished.1 They conducted their paper with spirit and vigor. Writers of eminent ability and judgment contributed to it. The patriots charged, with prob- able truth, that officers of the British army were in its service. Hicks fol- lowed the army first to Halifax, afterward to New York, steadily advocating its fortunes. While in New York he still printed for the royalists, and had an interest in the Royal American Gazette.
The most ambitious attempt at newspaper printing yet made on this continent was begun by two Scotch printers, Mein and Fleming, Dec. 21, 1767. The Boston Chronicle was issued on Newbury Street, weekly at first, on a whole sheet quarto, in the style of the London Chronicle. The con- tents were chiefly selected from foreign papers, and the best English writers. Collins's Oriental eclogues, Shenstone's pastorals, Goldsmith's poetry, and the writings of John Wilkes were first made known through its columns to American readers. Here also appeared the once celebrated letters of John Dickinson, the " Pennsylvania Farmer," the prophet of the Revolution. The Chronicle acquired by its enterprise and handsome appear- ance a sudden and unlooked-for popularity. But during the second year Mein gave great offence to the populace and to the leading Whigs, by his intense toryism. Those whom he assailed did not care to submit, and he found it expedient to leave the country, never to return. Fleming continued the Chronicle in the name of the firm, in a more placable spirit; but the offence was never pardoned; subscribers fell away, and the paper was suspended June 25, 1770. After the suspension Fleming printed books on his own account until 1773, when with his family he sought the more congenial atmosphere of his own country. During its second year the Chronicle was printed every Monday and Thursday, and was the first news- paper in New England printed oftener than once a week.
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