USA > Massachusetts > Suffolk County > Boston > The memorial history of Boston : including Suffolk County, Massachusetts. 1630-1880, Vol. II > Part 8
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Shurtleff calls it "evidently a corrected and improved copy " of Bonner. "The eight companys [or wards, are] distinguished by a prickt line, thus .. ." It shows a pond on the Common, north of the Powder House, which Bonner does not give. There is a single row of trees on the Tremont-Street Mall, which are likewise not on Bonner's. The garden on the line of the present Beacon Street is placed a little differently, and is called " Bannister's Gardens." There are various changes of names of streets, etc. A copy pre- served in the family of the late Dr. Warren was fac-similed in 1869 for Dr. Shurtleff, and it is given in his Description of Boston ; a reduced fac-simile of that portion of the plate which contains the Boston peninsula only is given in heliotype in this volume.
liv
THE MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BOSTON.
1730 ?- An actual Survey of the Sea Coast from New York to the I. Cape Briton. By Captain Cyprian Southack : London. This contains a chart of Narragan- sett Bay, Long Island Sound, etc., which has in Syrian Futhark the margin a chart of Boston Harbor, measuring 9 by 9 inches. Southack, who was a Bostonian, gives, in legends on these charts, two dates of his explorations on the American coast, 1690, and 1717. Other mention will be made of him in this volume. This survey may have been issued at any earlier date than 1730, for in the Boston News-Letter, May 26, 1718, is an invitation from Southack " to my fellow mariners " to inspect his chart and inform him of any errors " before it is engraved." The card is reprinted in Sewall Papers, iii. 185.
1731. - The English Pilot. Fourth Book. London : Mount and Page, 1742. This has what is called " A correct map of New England," of this date; and on the same sheet Boston Harbor, 10 by 8 inches, is given very incorrectly.
1733. - A reduction of Bonner's 1722 map was made, according to Shurtleff, about this year, size 111/2 by 7 inches, by Capt. Cyprian Southack, and published in London by I. Mount, T. Page, and W. Mount; and this plate, or a copy of it, was used by the same pub- lishers in a corner of a large map of the coast of New England, "as it was actually sur- veyed by Captain Cyprian Southack," which was issued in The English Pilot, London, Mount and Davidson, at various dates. The Boston Public Library has a copy dated 1737-38 ; and Harvard College Library one, with the same map, dated 1794.
1733. - William Price reissued, according to Shurtleff, Bonner's map with amendments, and with this title : A New Plan of ye great town of Boston in New England in America, with the many Additional Buildings and New Streets to the year 1733. Drake, History of William Price Boston, p. 820, describes a copy belonging to Mr. David Pulsifer, who has kindly allowed the present Editor to see it. It has a single row of trees on the Tremont-Street Mall; the 1722 map showing none. It gives the number of houses as 4.000 ; inhabitants, 18,000 ; two churches of England; eight Congregational meeting-houses ; and French, Anabaptist, Irish, and Quaker meeting-houses, one each. The description further says : "In the year 1723 were built in New England above 700 sail of ships and other vessels, most of which are fitted at Boston. There are in one year cleared out of this port at the custom house about 1200 sail of vessels." The wards are numbered I to 8. What is now Tremont Street between Boylston and Hollis streets is called Slough Street, but is given as Clough Street in the 1743 edition It has a vignette dedication to Governor Belcher, with the title across the top, but the 33 of the date (1733) is put in with a pen. There would seem to have been an edition before this, which first had the vignette, for there is an erasure in the plate under Price's name of something which might have been in the earlier edition. Be- low the vignette is : "Printed for and sold by Wm. Price at ye King's head and Looking- glass, in Cornhill, near the Town House in Boston."
1733. - Henry Popple's large Map of North America has a chart of Boston Harbor in the margin, measuring 6 by 51/2 inches. Popple's map, engraved on a small scale, ap- peared in Arthur Dobbs's Hudson Bay, 1744, showing still the marginal plans ; but that of Boston is reduced to little more than an inch square.
1743. - Price again reissued Bonner's map. The description is changed to read : Its number of houses about 4,000 and inhabitants, about 20,000. In it are 3 churches of England, 10 Congregational meeting-houses, 1 French, 1 Anabaptist, I Irish, I Quaker's meeting-house, and a very handsome Town-house, where the courts are held ; " and this is added : "In the year 1735 this town was divided into 12 wards, by a vote of the inhabitants. In each ward is a military company of foot and a captain, etc. ; also one overseer of the poor chosen yearly in March." New marginal references are added to buildings built since the previous issue, and to make room for these some ships figured in
lv
INTRODUCTION.
the harbor of the original map are erased, and others are added. The last item added is this : "T. Faneuil Hall and market house, a hadsom [sic] large brick building, worthy of the generous Founder, Peter Faneuil, Esqr., who, in the year 1742, Gave it to the Town for the use of a market." In the list of "Gen" Small-pox," a "Seventh, 1730," is added. The principal changes in the streets are these : In the neighborhood of Hollis Street; Pleasant Street put in ; two rows of trees make a mall along the Tremont Street side of the Common ; the Town Granary and work-house appear where Park Street now is ; Beacon Street is put in, and the earlier Davis Street, which swept across the present State-house lot in the direction of Louisburg Square, is discontinued ; new streets are marked at the West End ; Faneuil Hall is shown on a part of the Town Dock, and additional wharves are put in around the margin of the peninsula.
A copy of this state of the plate, owned by Mr. Charles Deane, was used by Dr. Palfrey in making the fac-simile reduction of it which appears in his History of New England, iv.
1755. - A map of New England, by Thomas Jefferys, has a marginal chart of Boston Harbor, size, 51/2 by 6 inches.
1757. - L'Atlas maritime, made by Bellin, Paris, has a map of New England, and in one corner of it is a Plan du Havre de Boston, from Nahant to Hingham, size 634 by 8/2 inches. Cf. Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc., September, 1864.
1758 .- A collection of voyages published at Leipsic, by Arkstee and Merkus, gives a plan of the town, 9 by 61/2 inches, which includes, according to Shurtleff, a small portion of the harbor.
1764. - The German map of 1758 was published in Paris by Jacq. Nic. Bellin, engineer ; engraved by Arrivet. Shurtleff says of the two: "These are evidently copies of an early English map."
A French map, of uncertain date, but perhaps not far from this time, is a folio copper- plate engraving styled : Plan de la ville et du Port de Boston, Capitale de la Nouvelle Angleterre. A Paris, Chez Lattre, rue St. Jacques, vis-à-vis la rue de Parchemenerie, C. P. R. In the upper corners are engraved descriptions. A copy of this map was in a bound collection of American maps numbered 761 in a sale catalogue of Bangs and Co., New York, February, 1880, when it was bought by the American Geographical Society. A small map, measuring 612 by 614 inches, Plan de la Ville de Boston et ses environs, en- graved by B. D. Bakker, seems to be a reduction of this Lattré map. It has a marginal list of references by which it appears that the North Battery mounted 25 cannon ; that at the end of Long Wharf, 16; the Sconce, 25 ; and the Neck fortifications are given, " Porte de Terre deffendue par un fossé et 2 Batteries." The plan shows Charlestown, a battery near Charlestown Neck, and is generally inaccurate. I am indebted for a sight of it to Mr. Edward W. West, of New York.
1769. - Price's last issue of Bonner's map bears this date. The changes in the plate are not many. The name of Clark's Wharf at the north end of the " Old Wharf" is changed to Handcock's Wharf. "Esqr. Hancock's Seat" is pictured on Beacon Street, and a mar- ginal reference made to it. Rowe's and Apthorp's wharves are put down near the South Battery, and other new piers farther to the south. The comparison is made with a copy owned by Mr. Charles Deane, which, by his favor, is here given in a reduced fac-simile.
1770? - There is in Harvard College Library the southeast corner of a map, showing on the fragment Boston, Narragansett Bay, and Cape Cod, and in the margin a chart of Boston Harbor, called Ichnographia Portus Bostoniensis, size 51/2 by 51/2 inches, and a plan of the town, Ichnographia Urbis Boston, 5 by 7 inches. The date must be later than !760, and before King and Queen streets were renamed in 1784. With some exceptions, the names on the maps are in English ; but the references, followed by letters A. B. C., etc .. and the statement of the fires which have occurred before 1760 are in Latin, -as, "Curia " for State House, " Oratorium Vetus" for the First Church, "Carcer " for the Jail, etc.
After this date, the published maps have particular reference to the Revolutionary War. and the enumeration of them is deferred.
lvi
THE MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BOSTON.
GENEALOGICAL REFERENCES. - In connection with Mr. Whitmore's chapters in the first and in the present volume of this History, the Editor has noted various special accounts of prominent Boston families. He now offers as supplementary to those notes, the following statement of the principal general sources of such genealogical information : -
A main authority for tracing the early history of Boston and other New England families is Savage's Genealogical Dictionary of the First Settlers of New England. Some- thing has been done to preserve the records of a few Boston families in the New England Historical and Genealogical Register, of which there has been an annual volume since 1847, and in the Heraldic Journal, of which four volumes were issued. In the folio edition of Drake's History of Boston, folding sheet pedigrees of several families are given, directly or collaterally connected with Boston, including Saltonstall, Eliot, Leverett, Cotton, Dudley, Chauncy, Curwen, Bradstreet, Sewall, Adams.
Two Indexes to American genealogies have been printed. Mr. Whitmore's American Genealogist gives a chronological list of separate works up to 1875 1 Mr. D. S. Durrie's Bibliographia Genealogica Americana, 1868, and second edition, 1878, gives an “alphabet- ical index to genealogies and pedigrees contained in State, county, and town histories, printed genealogies and kindred works." A list of genealogies and apposite references was printed in the Bulletins of the Boston Public Library for 1879.
The recent Charlestown Genealogies and Estates, compiled by Thomas B. Wyman, is an exceptionally thorough work. Though the History of Dorchester contains genealogical matter, none of the other annexed parts of Boston have a family record to compare with that of Charlestown, which after the death of Mr. Wyman was carried through the press under the supervision chiefly of Mr. H. H. Edes. Histories of many of the towns in Eastern Massachusetts trace the lines of families, often in greater or less degree connected with those of Boston. Bond's History of Watertown is a signal example of such geneal- ogical value. The genealogical notes to the Sewall Papers abound in information of this kind.
Mr. N. I. Bowditch's Suffolk Surnames is simply a curious grouping of the family names which have existed in this vicinity, and which came to his knowledge in the pursuit of his profession for many years as a conveyancer. Mr. Bowditch's articles, already re- ferred to, - which, with the signature "Gleaner," he printed in the Boston Evening Transcript in 1855-56, and in which he traced the descent of various landed estates in Boston, - are valuable for a knowledge of the early families. In the Suffolk Registry of Deeds the records, previous to 1700, make twenty volumes. Under authority from the Board of Aldermen, as Commissioners of Suffolk County, the work of printing the first volume of Deeds is now going forward under the immediate charge of Mr. William B. Trask. Its use for genealogical study will be greatly helped by the thorough index which is to be appended.
Mr. Samuel G. Drake began in the N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg., Jan. 1848, an abstract of the earliest Wills in the Suffolk Probate Office ; and after he had completed eighty-two Wills and Inventories the work was continued by Mr. William B. Trask, who completed the first volume (542 pages) in the number for Oct. 1862. Mr. Trask also added abstracts of the inventories contained in other volumes ; and in the Register, vol. vii., he gave abstract's of Wills in the files, but not recorded. Mr. Trask has also published in the Register abstracts of the early Middlesex Wills. In the number for Oct. 1862, he resumed work on the Suffolk Wills, of which vol. vi. is a continuation of vol. i., the inter- vening volumes containing inventories ; and in the number for Jan. 1876 (after the files were put in order), he began to give abstracts of Wills omitted in the previous enumerations.
1 The first edition, called A Handbook of American Genealogy, appeared in 1862, and had a list of tabular pedigrees omitted in the second edition.
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THE LATEST EDITION OF BONNER'S MAP OF BOSTON.
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Ivii
INTRODUCTION.
Mr. Hassam (Ibid., Jan. 1880, p. 46) says that when the files of the Probate Office were arranged in 1876, there were found 32,705 papers, including 280 Wills of a date before 1800, which had never been recorded. He also states that the present indexes to the recorded Deeds are very incomplete.
Mr. Samuel G. Drake noted his researches in England as to the names of early emi- grants to Boston and other parts of America, in his Result of some researches relative to the Founders of New England, printed in the N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg., Oct. 1860, and Jan. 1851, and separately with other lists annexed. The pioneer in this work, how- ever, was Mr. James Savage, who printed several lists of persons permitted to depart from England for New England in Mass. Hist. Collections, 3d series viii. 252 (1843), and 4th series ii. 92 (1852).
John Camden Hotten's Original Lists of Persons who went to the American Planta- tions, 1600-1700, is of little value in new material, being but a reproduction of what had. been printed before by Savage, Drake, and others.1
Another source of the history of the early Boston families is found in the inscriptions of the ancient burial-grounds. Shurtleff, Desc. of Boston, gives some account of those interred in them, and transcripts of the inscriptions were printed by Bridgman, as follows : Copp's Hill Epitaphs, 1851 ; King's Chapel Burying-ground, 1853 ; Pilgrims of Boston [Granary ] 1856. Mr. Whitmore published some notes on this last yard in the N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg., July, 1856; and in a report on its history which he made to the City Council in 1879 (City Document No. 47 of that year) he cites a large number of extracts from the Town Records relating to the yard. Mr. Whitmore has also of late begun to print a much more correct transcript of these old Boston inscriptions, under the title, Grave- Yards of Boston, the first volume, containing those from Copp's Hill, appearing in 1878. It gives the correct list of armorial bearings to be found in the yard as of the following families : Goodrich, Clark, Watts, Gee, Hutchinson, Mountfort, Martyn, Greenwood. A list less accurate had been previously printed in Bridgman's Copp's Hill Epitaphs. The latter writer's King's Chapel Burying-ground gives the arms of the following families : Brinley, Loring, Clap, Hall, Davies, Bulfinch, Prentice, Wendell, Vincent, Salisbury, Erving, Bromfield, Bell, Homer, Pitts, Lloyd, Tyler. The Heraldic Journal paid particu- lar attention to the shields on these old Boston tombs.
Mr. Whitmore made a report to the N. E. Historic, Genealogical Society on the families entitled to bear arms, giving the rules for making a decision ; and this report is printed in the Register, April, 1865.
Under the direction of the Record Commissioners of the city (William H. Whitmore and William S. Appleton), a beginning has been made in preserving in print scattered material of importance in relation to the families of early residents. Their first report was issued in 1876. Previous to this time but three lists of the early inhabitants of Boston had been printed, - two in Nathaniel Dearborn's Boston Notions, 1848, pp. 42 and 270, as of inhabitants, 1630-56, and in 1695; the other in John Dunton's Letters from New England, p. 320, printed by the Prince Society and edited by Mr. Whitmore. This first report contained various lists of tax-payers and inhabitants, 1674, 1676, 1681, 1685, 1686, 1687, 1688, 1689, 1691, 1695, etc.
The lists of 1674-76 are thought to be the earliest lists extant, and imperfect as they are they give five sixths, probably, of the tax-payers of that time. A statement of the City Registrar shows that for the years 1630-1700 the Town Records give but 1850 births, while there were probably over 6000. Of the deaths and marriages the record is likewise im- perfect. Efforts are now making by the Commissioners to supply these deficiencies from the early church records.
Mr. David Pulsifer transcribed the earliest births, marriages, and deaths from the Boston Records for publication in the early volumes of the N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg., and there is an enumeration of the records in the office of the City Registrar in the Introduction to the first volume of this History.
1 Cf N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg., July, 1875, P. 335-
VOL. II. - h.
1
lviii
THE MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BOSTON.
THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT. - The Massachusetts Civil List, by William H. Whitmore, gives all those holding office under the royal Gover- nors. For the convenience of the reader the following list of Governors is taken from that book: -
SIR WILLIAM PHIPS, appointed Oct. 1691 ; commissioned Dec. 12, 1691 ; arrived in Boston, May 14, 1692; records begin, May 16, 1692 ; left Boston, Nov. 17, 1694.
WILLIAM STOUGHTON, lieut .- governor, acting Governor, Nov. 1694 to May 26, 1699.
RICHARD, EARL OF BELLOMONT, reached Boston, May 26, 1699 ; went to New York, May, 1700; died March 5, 1700-1701.
WILLIAM STOUGHTON, lieut .- governor, acting Governor, May, 1700, to July 7, 1701, when he died. [The Council governed without an executive, July, 1701, to June, 1702.]
JOSEPH DUDLEY, reached Boston, June 1I, 1702; governed till Feb. 4, 1714-15. [The Council acted Feb. 4, 1714-15, to March 21, 1714-15.]
JOSEPH DUDLEY, reassumed office March 21, 1714-15.
COL. ELISHA BURGESS, commission published in Boston Nov. 9, 1715 ; when
WILLIAM TAILER, lieut .- governor, began to act as Governor,'and continued to act (while Burgess was selling his commission to Shute's friends in England) till Oct. 4, 1716; when
SAMUEL SHUTE arrived, having been commissioned June 15, 1716. He left Boston, Jan. I, 1722-23; when
WILLIAM DUMMER, lieut -governor, acted till July 13, 1728; when
WILLIAM BURNET arrived, having been appointed March 7, 1727-28. He died at Boston, Sept. 7, 1729 ; when
WILLIAM DUMMER again acted, till
JONATHAN BELCHER arrived, Aug. 10, 1730, who governed till
WILLIAM SHIRLEY, then living in Boston, was commissioned May 16, 1741, and he governed till Aug. 2, 1757; when
THOMAS POWNALL arrived, having been appointed Feb. 25, 1757, and he sailed for England, June 3, 1760; when
THOMAS HUTCHINSON, lieut .- governor, acted till Aug. 2, 1760; when
FRANCIS BERNARD arrived, having been commissioned, Jan. 14, 1760. He sailed for England, Aug. 2, 1769; when
THOMAS HUTCHINSON again acted till his own commission as Governor arrived, early in March, 1771, having been appointed Nov. 28, 1770. He sailed for England, June I, 1774, having been superseded by
THOMAS GAGE, who was appointed April 7, 1774, and had arrived in Boston, May 13, 1774. In the same month the Provincial Congress declared him disqualified, and while Boston was besieged he sailed for England, Oct. 1775.
THE
MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BOSTON.
The Provincial period.
CHAPTER I.
THE INTER-CHARTER PERIOD.
BY WILLIAM H. WHITMORE, Chairman of the Boston Record Commissioners.
TN the tenth chapter of the first volume of this History the affairs of the colony have been traced under the first charter, to the date of the final cessation of its authority, May 20, 1686. On Oct. 7, 1691, the second charter of Massachusetts was signed by King William, and Governor Phips arrived at Boston with it, May 14, 1692. This interval of six years is styled by the ingenious arranger of our Massachusetts Archives 1 the "Inter- Charter " period, - a convenient designation. Of these six years two and one-third years were filled by the administration of Governor Andros; but so colorless and unimportant were the remaining years, that Andros is really the central figure of the whole period.
This break in the continuity of our charter government was, indeed, in effect nearly as influential as those two later civic convulsions, - the Revo- lution and the recent Rebellion. Each of these three events have profoundly affected Massachusetts, and, of necessity, Boston. The coming of Andros brought us into renewed relations with contemporary life in England; the second transformed us from loyalists to republicans; the third has so far given us a nationality as entirely to eradicate our provincialism.
Prior to the advent of Sir Edmund Andros there existed, from May 24 to Dec. 20, 1686, a provisional government over Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Maine, and the King's Province, under the presidency of Joseph
1 [Such papers of this period as it suited Mr. Felt to group together, he has arranged under three heads, -Usurpation, 1686-89, one volume ; VOL. II. - I.
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