USA > Massachusetts > Suffolk County > Boston > The memorial history of Boston : including Suffolk County, Massachusetts. 1630-1880, Vol. II > Part 7
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xlvii
INTRODUCTION.
fiscated when, in 1782, the Commonwealth sold it to Daniel Dennison Rogers, who acquired other lands hereabout, as is shown in the Gleaner Articles, No. 42; while in No. 37 the same investigator has traced the titles to lots on Beacon Street, from Mount Vernon to Somerset Street, taking in the Governor Bowdoin estate (just east of the Molineaux House), which after some vicissitudes of title was conveyed by John Erving in 1756 to James Bowdoin ; and its subsequent history is given in No. 39 of the same articles.
20. Richard Sanford. 21. Thomas Scottow. 22. Nathaniel Eaton. 23. Richard Meeres. 24. Richard Cooke. (See Gleaner Articles, No. 50, for early titles hereabout.) Richard Cooke died in 1671, and the property fell to his son Elisha, who died in 1715. " He," says Bowditch, " first laid out Turner or George, now Hancock, Street through his pasture." West of Hancock Street were three ropewalks, lying across the line of the present Belknap Street. (See Gleaner Articles, No. 51, for further details.) Joshua Scottow owned hereabout, later, a four-acre pasture, whose history is traced in Gleaner Articles, No. 22. 25. Richard Parker. 26. Thomas Millard, 12 a. He would seem to have had other land in this vicinity. Gleaner Articles, No. 52.
27. Richard Truesdale, 34 a. This and 26 was sold to Thomas Deane in 1667-68, and was later known as Deane's Pasture. In 1672 they passed to Whitcomb, then to Hawkins, then to Savage ; and then, in 1692, to Samuel Sewall, when it was known as Sewall's Elm Pasture. It stretched west from Joy Street about 440 feet. Bowditch (Gleaner Articles, Nos. 57 and 58), quoted in Sewall Papers, i. 73.
28. Zaccheus Bosworth, 2 a. 29. William Wilson. 30. William Hudson, Sr., 5 a. ; sold to Thomas Buttolph. For details of descent see Gleaner Articles, Nos. 19, 20, where it is shown Buttolph bought adjacent lands and increased his pasture to eight acres. 31. Thomas Clarke. 32. John Ruggles. 33. Edmund Dennis, 12 a. 34. Thomas Millard, I a. 35. Francis East. 36, 37, 38. These seem to have been granted, 1637-38, to William Hudson, Jr., Nathaniel Chappell, and Oliver Mellows. Later, Chappell was bounded on either hand by David Sellick (36) and Jacob Leger, when Leger's lot is called about an acre. Francis East acquired this, and perhaps the other lots later still.
39. Richard and Jane Parker, 12 a. 40. William Beamsley. 41. Richard Sherman. 42. Zaccheus Bosworth, 112 a., devised to son Samuel 1655. Gleaner Articles, No. 18, for further detail. 43. James Johnson. 44. Francis Lyle, 12 a. 45. James Brown, 2 a., sold to - Cobham. 46. Thomas Brattle and James Everill hereabout.
47. Zachariah Phillips, 9 a. " Gleaner " (No. 12) traces the history of this pasture. Phillips sold, in 1672, to John Leverett, and the pasture was finally divided into fifty-nine lots. 48. Samuel Cole hereabout. See Gleaner Articles, No. 18. 49. Robert Wing. 50. William Blackstone. Reservation of six acres when he sold his rights to the town, in 1634. The original release of Blackstone to the town was in 1734 in the Town Clerk's office, but is not now to be found. (See Mr. Adams's chapter in Vol. I.) The annexed signatures of Blackstone William B Paxton are from the records of the university at Cambridge, England, and I owe the tracings to the kind attention of the Rev. George Phear of Emmanuel College. They respectively with 2Blaphon represent his writing at the dates of his taking his bachelor's and master's degrees. His orchard is indicated on Bonner's map as an enclosure with trees, just east of the present Louisburg Square. The limits of the lot are defined in Bow- ditch's Gleaner Articles, No. I, quoted in Sewall Papers, i. 74. It extended on Beacon Street, from Spruce Street, "the northeast corner of Mr. William Blackstone's payles " (Town Records, March, 1637-38) to the water, then flowing above Charles Street. (See diagram in Mr. Adams's chapter.) Richard Pepys bought it, and built a house on it, which William Pollard occupied for nearly fourteen years, during which time Blackstone " fre- quently resorted to it" on his visits from Rhode Island, as Anne Pollard deposed in 1711. (Sewall Papers, i. 73.) Pepys sold it, in 1655, to Nathaniel Williams, and Williams's widow marrying Peter Bracket, the latter conveyed it to Williams's children. The original house
xlviii
THE MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BOSTON.
appears to have been standing, as Mr. Hassam points out to me, in 1662, when the inven- tory of the estate of Nathaniel Williains, led that year, shows this item: "It. the House and land yt was m' Blackston's. [{]:50: 00 : 00." In 1708-9 the orchard and pasture were sold to Thomas Bannister, and it appears as "Bannister's Gardens" on Burgiss's map of 1728. "Gleaner" traced this descent of the lot in 1828, and printed the story in the Boston Courier, and repeated it in the Transcript in 1855. (See also Gleaner Articles, No. 50.) The lot was later a part of the possession of John Singleton Copley the painter, and from him passed to the Mount Vernon proprietors.
51. Almshouse, erected in 1662 from legacies left by Captain Keayne and Mr. Webb ; burned 1682, and rebuilt. 52. Bridewell, erected not long after 1712; and contiguous a workhouse was built in 1738. The Pound stood next.
53. Burying-ground, established 1660, known as the South Burying-ground, but took the name of the Granary, when that store-house was erected, in 1737, on the lot where Park-Street Church stands. The Common originally extended to, or nearly to, Beacon Street, embracing an area bounded by that street, Tremont, and Park streets, which soon however became devoted to other uses, - the lots along Park Street (Nos. 51 and 52 and so to the lower corner) being appropriated to public buildings as early as 1662. Shurtleff, Description of Boston, ch. xiv. 54. James Johnson. Just west of this lot lived, later, John Ston Captain John Alden, a master mariner and prominent citizen, who died in 1702. Alden street now preserves his name. He was a son of John Alden of the "Mayflower." 55. Thomas Hawkins. 56. William Kirkby, h. and g. 57. James Hawkins, h. and g. 58. Richard Parker. 59. Richard Sanford. 60. Robert Meeres, bought of James Penniman. The lots in this vicinity constituted the "Bowling Green."
61. Thomas Scottow. At this point, in the provincial days, lived Pelham, the engraver and portrait-painter, in the upper part of a house on the ground floor of which his wife kept a tobacco shop. She had been the widow of Copley the tobacconist on Long Wharf, and the mother of the famous painter.
62. Richard Meeres. Here in the provincial days, on the corner of the street bearing his name, lived Peter Chardon, a prominent merchant of the Huguenot stock. The present Pitts Street, running in this neigh- James Pitts borhood, commemorates a later owner of the property. 63. Henry Pease. His will is given in N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg., 1876, p.
203, where he speaks of his ground at Blackstone's Point. 64. Alexander Beck. A small John Gooch creek bounded him on the west. At a later day land in this vicinity belonged to the Gooches, whose name was preserved for many years 65. in Gouch Street, now Norman Street. George Burden. The peninsula north of this was given over in the following century to ropewalks and the copper-works, as shown in Bonner's map, a section of which is given on the opposite page.
66. The present Cambridge Street was laid out in 1647, twelve feet wide, through Mr. Stoughton's ground at this point, "along the rayle side," through Richard Cooke's (24) and Thomas Buttolph's (30), "to the farder end of the lots to Tho. Munt's ground on the farthest side."
67. David Sellick ; sold to John Leverett. The highway, which at this point extended north and west, was early called Green Lane ; and there is a petition on file in the City Clerk's office, March 10, 1734, asking that it may be paved, which gives the names of many of the chief abutters at that time. 68. Edmund Jackson, 3 a. ; afterwards Thomas Leverett. This lot, according to Mr. Crocker, originally included the triangular area between Staniford Street and Bowdoin Square, embracing No. 67, with also a strip on the west side of Staniford Street.
69. Robert Meeres, 2 a. Simon Lynde bought it in 1667-91 ; sold it, in 1718, to John Staniford, - then increased to six acres. Staniford seems to liave disposed of a part of it
xlix
INTRODUCTION.
at least by lottery. (Sewall Papers, iii. 227 ; Gleaner Articles, No. 9.) This included the rising ground, where a windmill stood, near the present West Church (Dr. Bartol's). This edifice was raised in 1736, and the original structure is shown in the view of the Battle of Bunker Hill, given in John Stanford the next volume. 70. Robert Turner. Passed later to Staniford. 71. Valentine Hill; sold, in 1648, to William Davis, 4 a .; then on his death, 1676, to his son Benjamin, who conveyed it to his mother (she having married Edward Palmes), and they, in 1695, passed it to Charles Chambers, who gave his name to the street now running through the lot. Gleaner Articles, No. 10.
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FROM BONNER'S MAP, 1722.
72. John Biggs, 11/2 a. Marsh granted in 1641, west of North Russell Street. His widow married, and as Mary Minot died in 1676, and the land coming to her father, John Biggs John Dasset, it was conveyed by him and by John Dasset, Jr., to James Allen, in 1696. 73. Thomas Munt. 74. James Penn. In 1671 it fell by his will to James Allen, his nephew, who later added lot No. 72, making a twenty-acre farm. He extended Chambers Street northerly. "Gleaner " thinks it certain that Allen thus owned a larger lot in Boston than any one else, excepting Blackstone. 75. Edward Gibbons.
76. Alexander Beck, I a., - a little marsh, " next Mr. Hough's Point ; " and described a few years before, when Beck was allowed to mow it, as in the new field "near the place where Mr Hough takes boat."
MAPS AND PLANS. - The early maps of Boston given in the first volume but vaguely represented the original peninsula, and are valuable historically only as giving the current notions of the topography of the vicinity. During the provincial times the earliest surveys with any approach to accuracy were made, so far as we know; and the Editor appends as full a descriptive list as he is able to make of the plans of the town and maps of the harbor of this period.1
1 Dr. N. B. Shurtleff made a tentative list of maps of Boston, which was printed in Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc., June, 1862, in connection with
Mr. T. C. Amory's report on streets, and Mr. G. G. Smith's letter on maps of Boston; and this list was enlarged in his Description of Boston.
VOL. II. - g.
1
THE MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BOSTON.
1687-88 (?). - The Hon. J. Hammond Trumbull, of Hartford, kindly furnishes the following description of the earliest known chart of the harbor. It is a manuscript, and belongs to the Brinley Collection : -
"The chart, which is very neatly drawn and colored, occupies about one foot square, on a sheet measuring 21 inches by 19 inches. The shoals, banks, and reefs are shaded in colors, and single rocks and ledges are indicated by crosses. The soundings of the main channels and passages between the harbor islands are marked in fathoms. The scale is one inch to a mile.
" At the bottom of the sheet, to the left, is this legend : -
"' This Harbour of Boston, with soundings without and comings in are laid down as taken by Captain John Fayrwether, Capt! Thomas Smith, Capt! Timothy Armitage, Capt! Joseph Eldridge, Masters, and Phillip Wells Imployed for the same by his Excel- lency S: Edmund Andros, Knight, Captain and Governour-in-Chief of his Majestie's Terri- · tory and Dominion of New England, in America.
"'South and by East Moon makes high water and flows ordinary spring tides 12 foot, and 10 foot nep tides at Boston.'
" In the right-hand lower corner, under a scale of miles, is : 'By Phillip Wells; ' and below, in smaller letters, 'M. Carroll,' - probably the signature of the draughtsman.
"The inscription fixes the date of the chart nearly between the arrival of Andros in December, 1686, and the revolution of April, 1689.
"The drawing is made with the north point to the right, bringing the coast-line, from Charles River southerly to Braintree, at the top of the sheet; the southern shore, from Braintree to the beach below Point Alderton, on the left; and the northern, from Charles River to ' Pull-in-Poynt' [Point Shirley], on the right.
" The only buildings that are indicated are : the Fort in Boston, and the Castle on the Island ; the meeting-houses of Roxbury and Braintree ; the meeting-house and seven dwelling-houses in Hull ; and a house on Long Island (John Nelson's ?). The names of the islands are as follows : Noddle's, Hog, Burd, Governour's, Castle, Hutchinson's [now Apple], Bare (a small island very near the west shore of Pull-in-Poynt, now perhaps part of the main land), Deare (with shoals stretching eastward, ending at 'Foanes,' - now Great and Little Faun), Lovel's, Pemerton's [George's], Gallop's, Nick's Mate, Long, Ransford, Specticle, Manin's Moon, Tompson's ; more to the south, Peducks and Hang- man's, and near the head of ' Hofe's Thum' [Hough's Neck, in Quincy] an island not named [now Nut Island], and another between Hull and Hingham [Little Hog Island ? or Bomkin ?].
"South of east from Point Alderton, about two miles by the scale, ' Conny Hasset Rock' [Harding's Ledge ? ] is marked. North of the channel are White Rock [Egg, or Shag Rocks], Great Bruster (with Middle and Outer Brewster, and Calf Island, not named), and Eldrige's Rock [now Alderidge's Ledge], a small island [Green ? ] further out; and beyond, Graves. The N. E. Graves is marked with a cross.
"Dr. Shurtleff (Topographical Description of Boston, 577), observes that the Graves ' have been supposed to have derived their name from Admiral Graves, who touched them in the days of the Revolution.' Evidently, the name had been given them nearly a century before the Revolution ; perhaps from the earlier 'Admiral' Thomas Graves, who was mate of the ' Talbot' in 1629, and master of the first Boston ship (the 'Tryal') in 1643.
" Hough's Neck in Quincy was, according to Dr. Shurtleff (p. 560), 'frequently called, in old times, Hoff's Tombs.' It bears that name on a French chart (Bellin's) of 1757, but unless it can be traced further back 'Hofe's Thum' (Hough's Thumb) has the better authority.
" Phillip Wells had been Governor Dongan's surveyor, in New York, and was one of the commissioners appointed to run the line between that province and Connecticut, in 1684. He made ' A Land Draught of New York Harbour,' which is also in Mr. Brinley's collec- tion. It is drawn and lettered by the same hand, and probably in the same year as that of
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INTRODUCTION.
Boston harbor. The two were found together, in a. parcel of the ' Penn Papers,' sold in London, by Mr. E. G. Allen, in 1871, - the Boston map bringing three guineas. It is numbered No. 281 in Allen's catalogue.
"Captain John Fayerweather, who had served in the Indian war of 1675-76, and com- manded one of the Boston train-bands, was a prominent man in Boston before and after the Usurpation. At the Revolution of April, 1689, he was appointed commander of the Castle. Capt. Thomas Smith commanded the 'Jersey ' frigate in the Expedition against the Eastern Indians, in 1704. Of Captains Armitage and Eldridge I know little more than their names."
1692. - Plan de Bostom, Tiré par le Chevalier Daux envoyé aux Iroquois par Mº de Frontenac lequel y a esté retenu deux ans quatre mois prisonnier, 1692. This is the earliest of some manuscript charts of Boston Harbor, preserved in the Dépôt des Cartes de la Marine at Paris, which were made from such information as could be got from published maps or from the reports of emissaries, and were intended to aid in an attack upon the town, by the French, in retaliation for Sir William Phips's demonstration against Quebec. The shore outlines are very badly drawn. It shows the Castle and some of the inner islands. There is a tracing of it in the Boston Public Library.
Harrisse, Sur la Nouvelle France, No. 219, cites another map preserved in the same Dépôt, which he says is most beautifully made, and is called " Carte de l'Amerique Sep- tentrionale," and which he thinks was made before 1682. It is curious, as " Boston " and " Plemoe " [Plymouth] are transposed in place. There is a copy of it in Mr. S. L. M. Barlow's collection.
1693. - Carte de la ville, Baye, et environs de Baston. Par Jean Baptiste Louis Franquelin, Hydrog. du Roy, 1693. Verifiee par le Sr. de la Motte. This map is also
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cited by Harrisse, No. 251, in connection with a chart of the New England coast, from Cape Ann to Neversink, as being in the same Dépôt at Paris. A tracing of it has lately been made, at the Editor's suggestion, for the Public Library. That portion showing the two peninsulas of Boston and Charlestown has been heliotyped, full size, for the Report on the Nomenclature of Streets,1 and the peninsula of Boston only is given herewith. The whole map, some- what reduced, has also been heliotyped from this tracing, and an albertype has been made of it of the full size.
1 City Document, 119, of 1879.
lii
THE MEMORIAL HISTORY OF BOSTON.
It is an improvement upon the map of the year before, but still very inaccurate, and more curious than valuable. In the environs and in the town a number of landmarks are indicated, like the " Maison de Guillaume Phibs," " Renegats Francois " for the Huguenot church, etc. Cambridge is put down, " Bourgade, de 80 maisons; c'est une université." Roxbury is " Rochieberry." Dorchester Neck is "Docheten Neche." The Blue Hills are put where Squantum is, and called "Bluells." Nahant peninsula becomes " Neant Eylandt." The outermost headland of Hull becomes "Pointe Holld Deton," and these are not all the strange perversions of names.
1697. - Franquelin made this year a much better draft of the harbor and neighbor- hood of Boston than either of the two previous ones ; and from a copy of this map, owned by Mr. Francis Parkman, the fac-simile is made which is given herewith. It is to be re- gretted that the key to the letters placed on the map is wanting. One of its errors is the putting the road to the point on the western side of the Back Bay to the south of the Charles instead of the north, Lechmere Point, whence was a ferry to the town. Cf. Park- man's Frontenac, p. 384.
1700. - A plan of Boston Harbor is said to be in the Neptune Français, published at Amsterdam, 1700. A " Carte nouvelle de L' Amerique," published by Mortier, Amster- dam, without date, has a chart of Boston Harbor, 4/2 by 414 inches.
1705? - A new Survey of the Harbor of Boston, in New England, Done by order of the principal Officers and Commissioners of his Maties Navy, was published in Dublin about this time. It is without date, but it is stated on it that the observation of the
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magnetic variations were made in 1700. Between that date and 1710-14, when Long Wharf, not shown in it, was built, the survey was probably made. It gives the soundings in the channels, and trees are represented as growing on the islands. Its size is 17 by 21 inches. The only copy of it known to the Editor is an imperfect one, owned by Mr. Charles Deane, from which the fac-simile here given was made. It would seem to be the earliest engraved map of the harbor, showing surveys made with evident care.
1713 ?- A map of North America, published in London, by Herman Moll, has a small marginal chart of the harbor, 21§ by 17/8 inches.
1714. - A manuscript sketch made by John Bonner and signed by him, of the water- front of the town, from Windmill Point to Long Wharf, giving soundings, and the names
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liii
INTRODUCTION.
of the riparian owners, measures 18 by 11/2 inches, and is preserved in the Massa- chusetts Historical Society's Library. A fac-simile, full size, is given in their Proceed- ings, Sept. 1864, and a strange engraving of it in Bryant and Gay's United States, iii. 218. By John Borner, 1714 A reduced sketch of it is here given, which does not show the view of the warehouses on Long Wharf as seen from the South Battery, which the fac-simile does. The record in the Boston News-Letter, Feb. 3, 1726, of the death of a Captain John Bonner, on January 30th, probably refers to this earliest map-maker of Boston. He is called "very skillful and ingenious, especially in navigation, drawing, etc., and one of the best acquainted with the coasts of North America of any of his time." (See N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg., April, 1851, p. 174, and July, 1860, p. 240.) A sketch of the Bonner arms in the Granary burying-ground is given in the Heraldic Journal, ii. 120.
1720. - The map of New England in Neal's History of New England has a margi- nal plan, 3 by 31/2 inches, of Boston and vicinity, showing the harbor.
1722. - The Town of Boston, in New England, by Captain John Bonner, 1722, @tatis su@, 60. Engraved and printed by Fra. Dewing, Boston, New England 1722. Sold by Captain John Bonner and William Price against ye Town House.
This is the earliest engraved plan of the town, measuring 17 by 23/2 inches. A marginal note reads : "Streets, 42; Lanes, 36; Alleys, 22; Houses, near 3,000 ; 1,000 Brick, rest Timber. Near 12,000 people." The scale is about 1 1 14 inches to the mile. A copy, some- what disintegrated, mounted on board, is preserved in the Mass. Hist. Society's Library, and from this copy, when in the possession of William Taylor, Esq., George G. Smith, in 1835, engraved a fac-simile, whose correctness was certified to by Stephen P. Fuller, sur- veyor. The folio copies of Drake's Boston have impressions from Smith's plate. In 1825 it was re-engraved by Bowen, size 614 by 4 inches, for Snow's History of Boston. In 1848 it was again re-engraved, size 53/8 by 33/8, by Dearborn, and used in his Boston Notions and in his Gui:le to Boston. In 1852 George W. Boynton engraved it, size 9/2 by 538, and this plate was used in the Boston Almanac, in Warren's Great Tree, 1855, etc. The original plate continued to be used for nearly fifty years by Price, with succes- sive changes, as will be noted under later years. There is in the Historical Society's Library a copy of Smith's fac-simile, on which these later changes are marked, - those 1722-33, in red; 1733-43, in blue ; and 1743-69, in green. Sections from Smith's fac-simile are reproduced in this Introduction.
The engraver of this map is probably the same Francis Doing, who in 1718, as appears by the Council Records, was suspected of being concerned in counterfeiting the Province bills of credit. There is no evidence known to sustain the case. Sewall Papers, iii. 189.
1728. - To his Excellency, William Burnet, Esq., This plan of Boston, in New England, is humbly dedicated by his Excellency's most obedient and humble servant, Wil- liam Burgiss. This inscription in an oval, with supporters, and surmounted by the Gov- ernor's arms, is the only title this map has. It is without date, but is fixed for various reasons at about the year here given. Its scale is five and a half inches to the mile, about one half that of Bonner's, and it measures 1472 by 11 inches. In a lower corner is this : " Engraved by Thos. Johnson, Boston, N. E."
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