USA > Massachusetts > Norfolk County > Braintree > Town annual report of Braintree, Massachusetts for the year 1943 > Part 6
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The payments of maturing debt and interest were proved with the amounts falling due and with the cancelled bonds and coupons on file. The bond and coupon account was reconciled and the outstanding coupons were listed.
The securities and savings bank books representing the investment of the trust and retirement funds in the custody of the town treasurer and the treasurer of the library trustees were examined and listed, the income being proved and the transfers to the town and disbursements being veri- fied.
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The records of tax titles held by the town were examined and checked. The amounts added to the tax title account were compared with the col- lector's records, the redemptions were checked with the receipts as recorded on the treasurer's cash book, the foreclosures and disclaimers were veri- fied, and the tax titles on hand were listed and compared with the records in the Registry of Deeds.
The books and accounts of the tax collector were examined and checked. The taxes and assessments outstanding according to the previous examina- tion, and all subsequent commitments, were audited and compared with the assessors' warrants issued for their collection. The payments to the treasurer were checked to the treasurer's cash book, the recorded abate- ments were compared with the assessors' records of abatements granted, the transfers to the tax title account were checked, and the outstanding ac- counts were listed and reconciled with the respective ledger accounts.
The assessors' records of apportioned assessments not due were ex- amined and checked. The apportionments added to taxes 1942 and taxes 1943 were verified, and the apportioned assessments not due were listed and proved.
The records of departmental accounts receivable were. examined and checked in detail. The recorded payments to the treasurer were compared with the treasurer's cash book, the abatements were verified, and the out- standing accounts were listed and proved.
The financial' accounts of the town clerk were examined. The records of dog and sporting licenses were checked, the payments to the State being verified with the receipts on file and the payments to the town treasurer being compared with the treasurer's cash book.
The surety bonds of the officials required by law to furnish them were examined and found to be in proper form.
It was noted that the receipts from the sale of material collected in the salvage drives, less the amount paid by the salvage committee for the purchase of school banners, has been deposited in the bank in the name of the committee. Attention is called to the fact that whenever town trucks are used in the collection of materials, such receipts should be paid into the town treasury.
The records of licenses and permits issued by the selectmen, the build- ing inspector, and the health department were examined and checked, and the payments to the town were verified.
The books and accounts of the electric light department were examined. A list of the outstanding accounts was drawn off from the consumers' ledger cards and reconciled with the controlling accounts kept by the de- partment, and the town accountant. The collections as recorded were com- pared with the payments to the treasurer and the abatements and dis- counts were verified.
The records of guarantee deposits for electric light service were ex- amined, the refunds of deposits for electric light service were examined, the refunds of deposits and in terest were verified, and the deposits on hand were listed and reconciled with the ledger accounts of the electric light department.
The records of water charges were examined. The recorded collec- tions were compared with the payments to the treasurer, the abatements were verified, and the outstanding accounts were listed and reconciled with the accountant's ledger.
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1
Verification of the correctness of the outstanding tax, assessment de- partmental, electric light, and water accounts was obtained by mailing notices to a number of persons whose names appeared on the books as cwing money to the town, the replies received thereto indicating that the accounts, as listed, are correct.
In addition to the accounts mentioned, the records of all other de- partments collecting money for the town or committing bills for collec- tion were examined and checked in detail.
Appended to this report, in addition to the balance sheets, are tables showing a reconciliation of the several cash accounts, summaries of the tax, assessment, tax title and possessions, departmental, electric light, and water accounts, as well as tables showing the condition and transactions of the various trust funds.
While engaged in making the audit, co-operation was received from the officials of the town, for which, on behalf of my assistants and for myself, I wish to express appreciation.
Respectfully submitted, HERMAN B. DINE, Assistant Director of Accounts. HBD: CAH 1
Detailed tables are on file in the Town Clerk's office.
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TOWN OF BRAINTREE Balance Sheet-December 31, 1942 GENERAL ACCOUNTS ASSETS
Cash :
General
$446,942.95
Library Treasurer
3,006.58
Electric Light Guarantees-Special Deposit
3,448.63
$453,398.16
Accounts Receivable :
Taxes :
Levy of 1941:
Personal Property
73.60
Real Estate
5,287.55
Levy of 1942 :
Poll
70.00
Personal Property
1,366.70
Real Estate
97,649.27
104.447.12
Motor Vehicle Excise Taxes:
Levy of 1942
129.17
Special Assessments :
Sewer :
Unapportioned
1,648.70
Added to Taxes 1941
287.88
Added to Taxes 1942
3,275.89
Sewer House Connections :
Unapportioned
4,684.57
Added to taxes 1941
40.42
Added to taxes 1942
627.32
Committed Interest :
Levy of 1941
91.19
Levy of 1942
734.39
Tax Titles
70,465.74
Tax Possessions
52,123.04
122,588.78
Departmental:
Health
$ 3,041.70
Temporary Aid
895.40
Old Age Assistance
26,041.40
Aid to Dependent Children
7,038.11
State Aid
585.00
Military Aid
216.00
World War No. 2 Allowance
955.00
38,772.61
State Aid to Highways
168.75
Electric Light
40,482.89
Water Rates and Services
22,045.22
Loans Authorized-High School Addition
240,000.00
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11,390.36
Overlay Deficit : Levy of 1939 Levy of 1941
14.56 483.20
497.76
Tax Judgments
10.00
$1,033,930.82
LIABILITIES AND RESERVES
Pay-roll Deductions for Purchase of War Bonds
$ 728.72
Tailings-Unclaimed Checks
3,036.78
Proceeds of Dog Licenses-Due County
14.40
Sale of Real Estate Fund
6,648.00
Cemetery Lots and Graves Fund
35.00
Trust Fund Income :
Charles E. French School Fund $ 24.19
Ann Maria Penniman School Fund
28.12
Avis A. Thayer School Fund
7.46
James W. Colbert School Fund
792.18
Library Funds
3,006.58
Charles Thayer Fund
388.25
George W. Kelley Cemetery Fund
.01
Hannah R. Hollis Cemetery Fund
3.20
Julia A. Minchin Cemetery Fund
2.03
Joseph S. Miller Cemetery Fund
2.48
Charles Hill Cemetery Fund
2.07
Hollingsworth Gift
Guarantee Deposits :
Electric Light Customers
3,040.74
Electric Light Interest
407.89
Federal Grants:
Old Age Assistance-Administration
29.34
Aid to Dependent Children-Administration
2.55
Aid to Dependent Children Recovery
133.33
Sewer Receipts Reserved for Appropriation
28,058.62
State Guard Reimbursement from State
2,438.16
Electric Light Available Surplus
55,770.14
Electric Light Depreciation
163,573.20
Electric Light Construction
35,000.00
Water Available Surplus
194.65
Overestimates 1942-State Assessments
,30.12
Unexpended Balances:
Fire Department-New Equipment $ 5,324.95
W. P. A. Administration
4,268.62
Sewer:
Drainage Study
925.85
New Pumping Station
329.49
Highways:
Chapter 90, Maintenance 1,739.78
Chapter 90, West Street 2.66
Chapter 90, Elm Street
9,000.00
New Equipment
7,580.00
Federal Service Stamp Plan
5,000.00 -
Sunset Park, Construction of Toilets
3,000.00
37,171.35
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4,256.57 50,000.00
3,448.63
31.89
Loans Authorized-Unissued
Reserve Fund-Overlay Surplus
Overlay Reserved for Abatement of taxes: Levy of 1942
6,650.25
Revenue Reserved Until Collected:
Motor Vehicle Excise Tax
129.17
Special Assessment
11,390.36
Tax Title and Tax Possession
122,588.78
Departmental
38,772.61
State Aid to Highways
168.75
Electric Light
40,482.89
Water
235,577.78
Surplus Revenue
157,680.90
$1,033,930.82
DEFERRED REVENUE ACCOUNTS
ASSETS
Apportioned Assessments Not Due :
Sewer
$65,320.74.
Sewer House Connections
15,498.00
$80.818.74
LIABILITIES AND RESERVES
Apportioned Sewer Assessments Revenue :
Due in 1943
: 15,127.51
Due in 1944
12,816.27
Due in 1945
8,524.51
Due in 1946
6,206.46
Due in 1947
5,449.46
Due in 1948
4.603.03
Due in 1949
4,504.03
Due in 1950
4,450.03
Due in 1951
3,639.44
Apportioned Sewer House Connections Revenue :
Due in 1943
2,342.00
Due in 1944
2,307.00
Due in 1945
2,268.00
Due in 1946
2,258.00
Due in 1947
1,880.00
Due in 1948
1,464.00
Due in 1949
1,200.00
Due in 1950
1,001.00
Due in 1951
778.00
15,498.00
$80,818.74
DEBT ACCOUNTS
ASSETS
Net Funded or Fixed Debt
$542,000.00
$542,000.00
. . .
22,045.22
240,000.00 3,452.33
$65,320.74
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LIABILITIES AND RESERVES
Police and Fire Station Loan
New Fire Station Loan
$ 21,000.00 22,000.00
Sewerage Loans School Loans
471,000.00
28,000.00
$542,000.00
TRUST ACCOUNTS
ASSETS
Trust Funds, Cash and Securities :
In Custody of Town Treasurer
$ 73,649.21
In Custody of Treasurer of Library Trustees
13,693.41
$87,342.62
LIABILITIES AND RESERVES
In Custody of Town Treasurer :
Charles E. French School Fund $ 2,419.50
Ann Maria Penniman School Fund
500.00
Avis A. Thayer School Fund 500.00
James W. Colbert School Fund 25,000.00
Nathaniel H. Hunt Library Fund
24,276.99
Charles Thayer Fund
20,329.06
George W. Kelley .Cemetery Fund
200.00
Hannah R. Hollis Cemetery Fund
100.00
Julia A. Minchin Cemetery Fund
100.00
Joseph S. Miller Cemetery Fund
123.66
Charles C. Hill Cemetery Fund
100.00
In Custody of Treasurer of Library Trustees:
Foundation Fund
11,020.91
Caleb Stetson Fund
2,500.00
Rachel R. Thayer Fund
172.50
13,693.41
$87,342.62
RETIREMENT SYSTEM ACCOUNTS
ASSETS
Municipal Contributory Retirement System: Funds
-Cash and Securities-In Custody of Town Treasurer
$97,929.13
Interest Deficiency
512.47
$98,441.60
LIABILITIES AND RESERVES
Annuity Savings Fund
$ 53,063.11
Pension Accumulation Fund
42,014.86
Annuity Reserve Fund
3,177.98
Expense Fund
185.65
$98,441.60
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$73,649.21
TOWN OF BRAINTREE Balance Sheet-September 4, 1943 GENERAL ACCOUNTS
ASSETS
Cash and Securities :
General
$682,589.33
Library Treasurer
3,576.00
Electric Light Guarantees :
3,706.34
Special Deposit
$689,871.67
Accounts Receivable :
Taxes: Levy of 1942:
Poll
14.00
Personal Property
151.68
Real Estate
23,323.31
Levy of 1943:
580.00
Personal Property
20,696.78
Real Estate
654,708.39
Motor Vehicle Excise Taxes:
Levy of 1942
6,00
Levy of 1943
13,495.30
Special Assessments :
Sewer :
Added to Taxes 1942
$782.78
Added to Taxes 1943
12,803.85
Sewer House Connections:
Unapportioned
2,199.70
Added to Taxes 1942
193.87
Added to Taxes 1943
2,468.65
Committed Interest :
Levy of 1942
179.57
Levy of 1943
2,922.47
Tax Titles
61,521.16
Tax Possessions
48,890.38
Departmental:
Health
$ 584.79
Temporary Aid
5,112.09
Old Age Assistance
30,491.19
Aid to Dependent Children
6,297.34
Aid to Highways:
State
300.00
County
300.00
Electric Light
32591.88
Water Rates and Services
19,685.32
Loans Authorized-High School Addition
240,000.00
Tax Judgements
67.24
Estimated Receipts to be Collected
54,696.95
Water Receipts to be Collected
35,118.31
$1,960,054.67
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21,550.89
110,411.54
$42,485.41
600.00
Poll
699,474.16
13,501.30
LIABILITIES AND RESERVES
Temporary Loans:
In Anticipation of Revenue 1943
$300.000.00
Payroll Deductions for Purchase of War Bonds
615.32
Payroll Deductions for Federal Withholding Tax.
573.10
State Tax and Assessments 1943
45,738.66
County Tax 1943
25,946.59
Tailings-Unclaimed Checks
3,036.78
Proceeds of Dog Licenses-Due County
1,255.60
Sale of Real Estate Fund
9,123.00
Trust Fund Income:
Ann Maria Penniman School Fund $ 13.40
Avis A. Thayer School Fund
3.53
James W. Colbert School Fund
1,061.70
Library Funds
3,576.00
Charles Thayer Fund
645.87
George W. Kelley Cemetery Fund
2.01
Julia A. Minchin Cemetery Fund
3.05
Joseph S. Miller Cemetery Fund
3.74
Charles C. Hill Cemetery Fund
3.09
Hollingsworth Gift
Guarantee Deposits :
Electric Light Customers
3,282.97
Electric Light Interest
423.37
3,706.34
Federal Grants:
Old Age Assistance :
Administration
110.20
Assistance
92.31
Aid to Dependent Children :
155.90
Assistance
161.36
519.77
Aid to Dependent Children Recovery
133.33
Sewer Receipts Reserved for Appropriation
6,820.46
Electric Light Maintenance
92,400.38
Electric Light Depreciation
194,332.90
Electric Light Construction
87,367.50
Unexpected Appropriation Balances
460,170.83
Loans Authorized-Unissued
240,000.00
Overlays Reserved for Abatement of Taxes: Levy of 1942
$6,500.59
Levy of 1943
23,056.46
29,557.05 . .
Revenue Reserved Until Collected :
Motor Vehicle Excise Tax
13,501.30
Special Assessment
21,550.89
Tax Title and Tax Possession
110,411.54
Departmental
42,485.41
State and County Aid to Highways
600.00
Electric Light
32,591.88
Water
19,685.32
Surplus Revenue
240,826.34 162,618.33
$1,960,054.67
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-
5,312.39 50,000.00
Administration
DEFERRED REVENUE ACCOUNTS
ASSETS
Apportioned Assessments Not Due :
Sewer
$50,885.23
Sewer House Connections
16,207.00
$67,092.23
LIABILITIES AND RESERVES
Apportioned Sewer Assessment Revenue:
Due in 1944
$12,793.27
Due in 1945
8,547.51
Due in 1946
6,253.46.
Due in 1947
5,534.46
Due in 1948
4,702.03
Due in 1949
4,603.03
Due in 1950
4,549.03
Due in 1951
3,738.44
Due in 1952
164.00
$50,885.23
Apportioned Sewer House Connections Revenue :
Due in 1944
$2,640.00
Due in 1945
2,601.00
Due in 1946
2,591.00
Due in 1947
2,213.00
Due in 1948
1,810.00
Due in 1949
1,541.00
Due in 1950
1,342.00
Due in 1951
1,126.00
Due in 1952
. 343.00
16,207.00
$67,092.23
DEBT ACCOUNTS
ASSETS
Net Funded or Fixed Debt
$486,000.00
$486,000.00
LIABILITIES AND RESERVES
Police and Fire Station Loan
$ 14,000.00
New Fire Station Loan
14,000.00
Sewerage Loans
436,000.00
School Loans
22,000.00
$486,000.00
TRUST ACCOUNTS ASSETS
Trust Funds, Cash and Securities:
In Custody of Town Treasurer
$ 73,649.21
In Custody of Treasurer of Library Trustees
13,693.41
$87,342.62
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..
LIABILITIES AND RESERVES
In Custody of Town Treasurer :
Charles E. French School Fund $ 2,419.50
Ann Maria Penniman School Fund
500.00
Avis A. Thayer School Fund
500.00
James W. Colbert School Fund
25,000.00
Nathaniel H. Hunt Library Fund
24,276.99
Charles Thayer Fund
20,329.06
George W. Kelley Cemetery Fund
200.00
Hannah R. Hollis Cemetery Fund
100.00
Julia A. Minchin Cemetery Fund
100.00
Joseph S. Miller Cemetery Fund
123.66
Charles C. Hill Cemetery Fund
100.00
$73,649.21
In Custody of Treasurer of Library Trustees:
Foundation Fund
11,020.91
Caleb Stetson Fund
2,500.00
Rachael R. Thayer Fund
172.50
13,693.41
$87,342.62
RETIREMENT SYSTEM ACCOUNTS
ASSETS
Municipal Contributory Retirement System Funds:
Cash and Securities-In Custody of Town Treasurer$113,889.31
$113,889.31
LIABILITIES AND RESERVES
Annuity Savings Fund
$ 58,451.99
Pension Accumulation Fund
50,484.49
Annuity Reserve Fund
3,350.14
Expense Fund
241.71
Undistributed Income
1,360.98
$113,889.31
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Report of the SOLDIER'S RELIEF DEPARTMENT
Soldiers' Benefits
Amount Amount Amount Appropriated Expended Unexpended $20,486.36 $ 3,013.64 19.96
Office Expense
$23,500.00 200.00
180.04
The appropriation for the year 1943 included aid to recipients, Mili- tary Aid, State Aid, War Allowances and Burials, upon the advice of the Commissioner of Veterans Aid and Pensions and the Commissioner of Tax- ation. Of the amount expended, $410 was spent for Military Aid, one half of which will be reimbursed by the State; $360 was spent for State Aid, which will be reimbursed in full; and $1102.41 for World War II Allowances, which will also be reimbursed in full by the State. In other words, the State will reimburse the Town of Braintree to the amount of $1667.41, on or before November 10, 1944. This plus $3013.64 makes a total saving to the Town of $4681.05.
The World War Allowances will undoubtedly be much larger this year owing to the fact that married men with families are being called into the Service. This War Allowance is granted until the allotment for the wife and family comes through and in some cases continued where the allot- ment is insufficient.
There has been no money expended for Burials in the year 1943, but with the veterans of World War I getting older and with the war still going on, there is no doubt but what Burial money will be used this year.
This department is not only maintained for the purpose of granting aid to veterans and their families who are in need but it is also being called upon to help fill out allotment papers and many other forms with which the families of the men in the Service need assistance or advice.
What this year will bring in the matter of expense is something which is hard to determine, but it will undoubtedly be greater than last year as the casualties of this war begin to affect those who have sons, husbands and fathers in the Service.
I wish at this time to convey my thanks for the full cooperation from all the different departments and to again state that this department has been free from any political interference either inside or outside.
Respectfully submitted,
SYDNEY WEST,
Soldiers' Relief Agent.
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ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
OF THE
Town of Braintree
FROM
December 31, 1942 to December 31, 1943
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SCHOOL COMMITTEE
MR. HOWARD B. BLEWETT, Chairman 188 Hollingsworth Avenue, South Braintree MRS. ALIDA N. STEVENS, Recording Secretary 75 Tremont Street, South Braintree MR. HAROLD R. QUIMBY 132 Tremont Street, South Braintree
MR. ARCHIE T. MORRISON 555 Liberty Street, South Braintree MRS. SOPHIE G. BLUNT 259 Washington Street, Braintree
MR. G. RALPH YOUNG 68 Cedarcliffe Road, East Braintree
SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS
MR. C. EDWARD FISHER, 10 Tremont Street, South Braintree Office Telephone 0782 Office Hours on School Days, 3:00 to 4:00 P. M.
SECRETARIES
MISS EDNA E. WOODSUM MISS ESTELLA M. DEMERS
Office Hours: 8:00 to 12:00, 1:00 to 5:00 on days when schools are in session.
MEETING OF THE COMMITTEE
Second Monday evening of each month, except July and August, at seven o'clock in the School Committee offices.
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Report of the School Committee
To the Citizens of the Town of Braintree:
Another year has passed into History and we present to you an account of our stewardship. We have tried faithfully to give of our time and ability to all the problems as they have come before us. 1 1.
Among the outstanding changes during, the year we would mention the adoption of the Single Session Plan for all the elementary schools in the Town, starting with the opening of schools in September. This was decided upon after one year's successful operation of the plan in the High- lands district.
We believe this will result in better work in all the grades and improved attendance records.
1
The problem of securing and maintaining an adequate teaching staff has not lessened any during the past year and has become quite acute in the Custodian and' Maintenance Departments. Serious consideration has been given to this matter and we shall do everything possible to maintain an adequate staff.
Again we would pay tribute to those who are serving their country in the Armed Forces and are glad that as far as we know, none have been called upon to make the supreme sacrifice. We hope that we soon may have them back with us.
We believe this year will mark the completion of payments on all bonds issued for school buildings and we hope we will be permitted very soon to start on the much needed addition to our High School which is still neces- sary to do a proper job. Much credit is due the Principal and teachers for the work accomplished under adverse conditions. We still are the only High School in the State operating on a two-session plan.
We again have been able to keep within our budget for the past year and have returned $9,212.84, which was not used. Our budget for 1944 is slightly higher because of increased costs of maintenance work, supplies, transportation, etc.
We wish to again record our appreciation of the faithful service ren- dered by the Superintendent, Principals, Teachers, and other employees of the Department.
We would call your attention to the following pages which contain the detailed report of the Superintendent.
Yours very truly,
HOWARD B. BLEWETT, Chairman ALIDA N. STEVENS, Recording Secretary HAROLD R. QUIMBY ARCHIE T. MORRISON SOPHIE G. BLUNT G. RALPH YOUNG
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Report of the Superintendent of Schools
January 10, 1944
To the School Committee:
I present herewith, as Superintendent of Schools, my twenty-third an- nual report. The same type of report is presented as formerly, omitting statistical tables and the complete reports from the various departments to economize on printing in accordance with your request.
During the past year four of our teachers, Helen E. Gleason, Helen H. Darroch, Ruth G. Munroe and Dorothy F. Scanlan, have been given leave of absence for service with our armed forces. The problem of man power became so serious that the action of the Committee in raising the salaries for Janitors in our schools seemed to be a necessity and it may now be possible to approach more nearly to the securing of that service which may lead to more satisfactory conditions.
The problem of teachers, however, is quite likely to prove to be even more serious and can only be met by similar action. Now that the State of Massachusetts has in operation a minimum salary law for teachers of $1200.00 per annum the problem, locally, can naturally be expected to be even more serious than in the past because of our maximum in the grade schools of $1500. The action of the Town in granting an extra compensa- tion of 15% is a temporary condition for no one knows how long and is recognized as such but it is most helpful under present conditions and is appreciated. However, some consideration should be given to the question of establishing in the near future a higher salary schedule than that now existing for the schools. A good many years will come and pass before there can be a surplus supply of trained and capable teachers. I will present for your consideration a few quotations taken from the National Education Association publications. "The average annual salary of our teachers is $600 below the average wage of factory employees." "Since Pearl Harbor 200,000 teachers have left the schools. Our teachers' colleges -the main source of new teachers-have but 40 per cent of their pre-war enrollment". The following is quoted from a statement by the Right Hon- orable Richard Austin Butler, president of Britain's Board of Education : "In the history of English education, 1943 will be a red-letter year. The proposals I have presented to Parliament foreshadow bigger changes in the system than this country has seen for over 40 years. First, the new plans in full operation may be expected nearly to double the present cost of edu- cation to the taxpayer. This gives perhaps some indication of the scope and range of the reforms. If the democratic way of life is to be broadened and deepened and made richer, each member of society must be given as good an education as the government can provide."
Extensive curtailment in the bus service for the transportation of pupils to and from schools was necessary with the opening of schools in September because of regulations made by the Federal Government. Personally, I feel that the Town is fortunate in being able to secure asmuch in the way of accommodation as it has. In some communities it was necessary to eliminate all transportation accommodations for the duration ..
Naturally, under present conditions, our High School enrollment is smaller and the grade school membership is today 16 more than it was a year ago. This number is, of course, insignificant but there is a condition which, if repeated for two or three years, may be very significant. There are today 232 kindergarten pupils whereas a year ago there were 208. Any community which feels that it is not going to have an increase in member- ship within a few years is very likely to awaken to the fact, very suddenly, that it has not adequate accommodations. I hope there may be fore-sight exercised in Braintree.
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There is, for immediate consideration, a problem in Education for this Town to consider. It is one to which the Town has given very little, if any, consideration. Education may properly be considered as involving many agencies besides school and this fact is quite generally recognized and accepted. The greatest part by far, of our energies in school, has been devoted to scholastic achievements and the attainments have been most creditable. There is great need, and it is not peculiar to this community but can be found everywhere, for training in character building and de- velopment of right attitudes toward ideas and people. The world has be- come very small and any and every act of any and every individual has its effect on the world. This should cause serious consideration of the import- ance of every act and cause the individual to carefully consider and evalu- ate the pros and cons of policies promulgated by those actively engaged in attempting to secure support and public approval. Many problems which the voting public in a democracy has to consider are not of such a nature as to require a high degree of scholastic achievements but rather an atti- tude of "fair play," "square deal," "do to the other fellow what you would have the other fellow do to you"' NOT "DO THE OTHER FELLOW BEFORE HE DOES YOU."
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