USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Wakefield > Town annual report of the officers of Wakefield Massachusetts : including the vital statistics for the year 1945 > Part 8
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1,252,955.00
Total Valuations
$22,613,450.00
Gain in Valuation in 1945
275,725.00
Bonded Debt of Town January 1, 1945
183,500.00
Payments made in 1945
39,500.00
Balance on Bonded Debt, January 1, 1946
$ 144,000.00
Assets of Town including Land and Buildings,
Municipal Light Plant, Water Works, Sewer
and Tangible Property
$4,818,021.00
Less Bonded Debt
144,000.00
$4,674,021.00
PROPERTY EXEMPT FROM TAXATION
Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Land and Buildings
$ 178,750.00
United States of America
88,450.00
Literary Institutions
133,800.00
Benevolent Institutions
23,350.00
Houses of Religious Worship
578,675.00
Cemeteries, Land and Buildings
89,500.00
Tangible Personal Property
16,650.00
Parsonages
24,300.00
$1,133,475.00
Number of Polls assessed (a gain of 28 since date of Tax Levy)
6,126
Number of Motor Vehicles assessed
4,206
Excise Tax Committed in 1945
$13,682.58
Number of Dwelling Houses assessed
3,926
Number of Persons, Partnerships and Corporations assessed
5,371
Value of assessed stock in Trade
$408,205.00
Value of Real Estate assessed
$21,360,495.00
Value of Live Stock assessed
$16,450.00
Number of Horses assessed
22
Number of Cows assessed
42
Number of Mink assessed
54
Number of Goats assessed
69
Number of Swine assessed
53
Number of Fowl assessed
9,526
Number of Sheep assessed
2
Number of Ducks assessed
24
Number of Geese assessed
7
Number of Acres of Land assessed
4,947
108
TOWN OF WAKEFIELD
Number of Acres in Lake Quannapowitt
247.94
Number of Acres in Crystal Lake 82.86
Number of Acres in Town Common
2.5
Number of Acres in Park at Lakeside
6.75
Number of Acres in Hart's Hill Park
23.06
Number of Acres in Cemetery on Church Street
4.14
Number of Acres in Cemetery on Lowell Street 35.00
Area of Town Rockery
4,300 sq. ft.
Respectfully submitted by Wakefield Assessors,
GEORGE E. BLAIR, Chairman
LEO F. DOUGLASS, Secretary GEORGE H. STOUT
-
Report of the Town Planning Board
To the Citizens of the Town of Wakefield:
The Town Planning Board submits its report for the year ending December 31, 1945.
One amendment to the Zoning By-Law was adopted at the Annual Town Meeting at the adjourned session held on March 26, 1945.
Mr. M. Gardner Clemons resigned because of accepting a U. S. Govern- ment position and the vacancy was filled at a joint meeting with the Selectmen October 2, 1945, by the election of Kenneth W. Thomson.
The Board has prepared an amendment to the Zoning By-Law, which will be ready for the Annual Town Meeting of 1946.
This year the Board has had more matters to consider than usual, among them the parking problem, the protection of home owners, by zoning that will prevent their places from being made less desirable and of less value and the locations of future public buildings and future streets in the center of the town.
Respectfully submitted,
FITZROY WILLARD, Chairman KENNETH W. THOMSON, Secretary DR. FRANK T. WOODBURY ARTHUR E. HARDING EDWARD M. BRIDGE
109
REPORT OF BOARD OF HEALTH
Report of Board of Health
To the Citizens of the Town of Wakefield:
The Board of Health herewith presents its report for the year 1945.
The year 1945 presents no outstanding conditions other than that expenses for hospitalization both for contagion and tubercular cases have continued relatively light.
During the year 1945 under the direction of Dr. Ira W. Richardson the pre-school immunization clinic against diphtheria was held with very satis- factory attendance, though by no means one hundred per cent. The hope of the Board is that shortly every child over six months of age shall have been immunized so that diphtheria may be completely eliminated from the town of Wakefield. The Board of Health wishes to extend its appreciation to the School Department for its co-operation in furnishing an accessible place for holding these clinics.
The Board of Health would take this opportunity to express its own debt and that of the townspeople to Dr. Charles E. Montague who has given gratuitously his services to the Board and to the Town during the more than two years that Dr. Robert Dutton was serving the nation in the Medical Corps of the Army.
The receipts of the department for 1945 were as follows:
Milk and Food Inspector
$105.50
Plumbing Permits
71.00
Reimbursement and Licenses
324.00
During the year 1945 the Board of Health has taken care of a tuber- cular case for which the State, in 1946, will reimburse the town to the extent of $602.00. The above mentioned receipts were all deposited in the Wakefield Trust Company to the credit of the town of Wakefield.
The Board feels the town should still continue to have a comparative table of the reported diseases dangerous to public health.
1942
1943
1944
1945
Chicken-pox
41
122
59
26
Diphtheria
0
0
1
0
Dog Bites
44
46
33
33
German Measles
0
100
9
3
Malaria
0
0
3
0
Measles
95
18
.306
9
Mumps
4
22
66
23
Meningitis
0
3
2
1
L. Pneumonia
12
6
5
2
110
TOWN OF WAKEFIELD
Poliomyelitis
0
3
0
2
Septic Throat
0
5
0
1
Scarlet Fever
19
70
70
23
Typhoid Fever
0
3
0
1
Tuberculosis
7
13
8
10
Whooping Cough
14
24
8
14
Dysentery (Sonne)
0
0
0
7
237
435
570
155
The comparative expense item for tuberculosis and contagion for the same period is as follows:
Tuberculosis
1942 $6,224.75 677.09
1943 $3,383.91 1,128.02
1944 $2,354.70 1,464.97
1945 $2,313.01 970.73
Miss Russell made the following number of calls during the year 1945:
Scarlet Fever
50
Chicken Pox
15
Dysentery (Sonne)
2
Pul. Tuberculosis and Contacts
460
Para Typhoid
4
Measles
10
Polio
4
Whooping Cough
5
550
Number of trips to hospitals and sanatoriums made by Miss Russell during the year 1945:
17
North Reading State Sanatorium
34
Metropolitan State Hospital
1
New England Sanitarium
2
Children's Hospital
1
Melrose Hospital
1
56
Respectfully submitted,
WESLEY S. GOODWIN, Chairman NED C. LOUD
ROBERT DUTTON, M.D., Sec'y
Middlesex County Sanatorium
Contagion
111
REPORT OF MILK AND FOOD INSPECTOR
Report of Milk and Food Inspector
To the Board of Health:
Gentlemen:
Herewith is submitted my report as Inspector of Milk and Food for the year ending December 31, 1945:
The work of this office during the year just passed has not changed any in nature, but over the last four or five years has shown a marked increase in volume.
Owing to the unstaple distribution of food supplies and milk shortages, together with the growth of the town has increased activities in this depart- ment almost beyond a part time basis.
Much of the meat, fish, fowl and vegetables sold over the counter today are on the border line of quality and results in increased complaints and adjustments.
The present consumption of milk approximates ten thousand quarts per day. On assuming office in 1928 the town's milk supply, under our direction, came from eighteen dairy farms, nine of which were located within our town's limit. Today there are thirty-three dairy farms supply- ing us, with only two located locally, nineteen of the others being in sur- rounding communities and twelve in New Hampshire.
The overhead (time and expense) accompanying the above changes have increased notably and can't be met with figures of eighteen years ago. Automobile travel alone approximates three thousand miles to properly cover the ground.
The following are details: 1
50 Retail Milk Licenses @ $.50
$ 25.00
27 Dealer Milk Licenses @ $.50 13.50
5 Pasteurization Licenses @ $10.00
50.00
2 Ice Cream Manufacturers' Licenses @ $5.00
10.00
14 Oleo Permits Granted @ $.50
7.00
$105.50
One hundred and fifty samples of milk were tested for fats, solids and bacteria and proper pasteurization-few were found to be below State standard.
Respectfully submitted,
LAWRENCE E. DOUCETT, Inspector of Milk and Food.
112
TOWN OF WAKEFIELD
Report of Plumbing Inspector
-
To the Wakefield Board of Health:
Gentlemen:
I herewith submit my report for the year ending December 31, 1945:
Number of Permits Granted
80
Number of Fixtures Installed
258
Divided as follows:
Water Closets
69
Bath Tubs
43
Lavatories
47
Wash Trays
24
Sinks
35
Boilers
23
Showers
4
Sewer Connections
13
258
Respectfully submitted,
DAVID TAGGART, Plumbing Inspector.
113
REPORT OF MIDDLESEX COUNTY EXT. SERVICE
Report of Middlesex County Extension Service
During 1945, the same as previous war years, the work of the Middlesex County Extension Service was devoted to those projects which would help in the winning of the war.
The fact that Middlesex County farmers increased their production about one third over pre-war years is proof that everyone did his part in the food production program. Labor on farms was the critical factor in food production and a great deal of the time was spent on finding labor and making it available.
The usual assistance was given, such as assistance to Victory Gard- eners, keeping farmers informed as to the regulations on farm equipment, price schedules, especially for eggs and poultry, fruits and vegetables, and help with emergency cases upon personal request.
With the homemakers, food preservation and conservation in the home were the main projects. Information was given regarding successful meth- ods of canning and freezing of fruits and vegetables as well as meats. Due to the severe shortage of clothing materials, demonstrations were con- tinued on clothing renovation, shortcuts in clothing construction and the maintenance of sewing machines. To help with general nutrition, demon- strations were given in the best use of vegetables, cooking with a minimum amount of sugar and preparation of community meals.
Boys and girls were encouraged as usual to carry on 4-H Club work and developed such projects as food production, food preservation, clothing construction and meal preparation. This work was made possible only by volunteer local leaders and the active interest of local committee mem- bers and parents.
(signed) ERIC V. LARSON, Town Director.
114
TOWN OF WAKEFIELD
Report of Library Trustees
TRUSTEES OF THE LUCIUS BEEBE MEMORIAL LIBRARY Hervey J. Skinner, Chairman Mrs. Florence L. Bean, Secretary
Dr. Richard Dutton Arthur L. Evans Walter C. Hickey
Albert W. Rockwood John J. Round *Mrs. Alice W. Wheeler
Dr. Frank T. Woodbury
STAFF LIBRARIAN Helen Frances Carleton
ASSISTANT LIBRARIAN AND CHIEF CATALOGUER H. Gladys Mackenzie
ADULT DEPARTMENT
*G. Louise Gibbons Yolanda Roberto Beatrice Wheeler
PICTURE COLLECTION Clara G. Wilson
BOYS' AND GIRLS' DEPARTMENT #Barbara Chapin Dorothy M. Hyde
GREENWOOD BRANCH LIBRARY Clara G. Wilson
MONTROSE BRANCH LIBRARY Yolanda Roberto
REPAIR DEPARTMENT Etta F. Smith
PART-TIME LIBRARY ASSISTANTS
Evelyn B. Henderson Dorothy M. Linder
Angelina Granese Mary Preiss
* Resigned September, 1945.
+ Resigned February, 1945.
# Here during her leave of absence from Wichita Falls Public Library, Texas, April to August, 1945.
115
REPORT OF LIBRARY TRUSTEES
REPORT OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE LUCIUS BEEBE MEMORIAL LIBRARY FOR THE YEAR OF 1945
The Trustees of the Lucius Beebe Memorial Library herewith submit the ninetieth annual report.
With the addition of 3,137 books during the year 1945, the total volumes in the Library now number 72,800. Of these books 76 were gifts, while the rest were purchased either from money appropriated by the town or from income from the various funds.
The Library has been open to the public 295 days during the year. The largest circulation on any one day was 1,087, February 24. The smallest circulation, 132, was on December 19, a day of a heavy storm and one on which neither branch was open. The largest monthly circulation was in March with 15,931 books disbursed; the smallest in December with 10,514. These figures relate only to the outgoing books. They do not show the number of books consulted for reference nor the many inquiries for infor- mation by telephone or by person. There are many services given which figures do not reveal but which are nevertheless of significant value.
In the spring the members of the Montrose Chapel Society very gener- ously offered to give their building to be used for library and other municipal purposes. At the March Town Meeting the gift was officially accepted and an appropriation of $5,800.00 was made for the purpose of alterations and repairs necessary for establishing the Montrose Branch Library. Permission to do this work was obtained from the War Production Board, plans were drawn, bids were advertised, and many conferences between Trustees and the Montrose Committee were held. All these steps have taken time but it now seems as if real progress is being made.
Meanwhile by the courtesy of the School Committee, the Branch Library has continued its work in the school building. The Trustees feel that they speak for the patrons of the Montrose Branch as well as for themselves, when they express their gratitude to the School Committee and to the teacher who shares her classroom with the Branch, for their willing- ness to continue the arrangement in spite of its many disadvantages.
Two gifts to the Library, both rather unusual, should be mentioned. In July, Major James H. Keough wrote to the Board that he wished to give to the Library the collection of medals and trophies won by him in national and international contests. Part of this gift is now on display in the Lecture Hall where the trophies have been much admired. In September, an associate membership in the National Farm Chemurgic Council was received from Mr. A. V. Phillips of Boston and West Peabody. Mr. Phillips made this gift so that the farmers of this vicinity might have access to the publications of the Council.
To the great regret of the Trustees Mrs. Alice W. Wheeler resigned from the Board in September, as she was to leave town. Mrs. Wheeler, a member of the Board since 1932, was keenly interested in all departments of library work. She was for a long period, chairman of the Children's Room Committee, and was especially close to its activities. The thoughtful
116
TOWN OF WAKEFIELD
attention she gave to Library problems and the helpful suggestions she made toward their solution will be much missed by the staff and by the members of the Board.
Through the year there have been changes in the staff as always, and it is with knowledge of the difficulties which such changes often bring that the Trustees express their thanks to Miss Carleton and her staff who have met the difficulties and continued the excellent service which the Library gives to the people of Wakefield.
In June the members of the North Shore Library Club were guests of the staff at the annual meeting. The attendance was large and the program excellent.
The serious illness of Mr. Herbert T. Mitchell who has served so ably as janitor from the opening of the library building in April, 1923, until June of this year, necessitated a temporary appointment, a position which is being filled by Mr. Arthur Moulton. Throughout Mr. Mitchell's years of service he showed a commendable pride in the condition of the building and the grounds.
The routine repair work has been done as usual. The most expensive item was the refinishing of the large mahogany tables in the Reference Room.
To relieve the crowded condition of the book stacks, shelves have been added in the lower corridor of the building, thus taking care of some of the books that are not in constant demand. The Trustees realize that this arrangement is not ideal and that at some future date it may be desirable to add more stack room by building an addition at the rear of the Library.
Respectfully submitted,
HERVEY J. SKINNER, Chairman FLORENCE L. BEAN, Secretary RICHARD DUTTON, M. D. ARTHUR L. EVANS WALTER C. HICKEY
ALBERT W. ROCKWOOD JOHN J. ROUND FRANK T. WOODBURY, M. D.
Gifts of books, magazines and flowers to the library during the year 1945 have been received from:
American Legion Mr. and Mrs. Ralph C. Bean
Mrs. Henry A. Behnke
Edward M. Bridge Ernest L. Brown
Miss Clara Brownell
George L. Carpenter Christian Science Church of Reading Otto Degener
Mrs. Frederic M. Hartshorne
H. A. Haskell L. P. Howard
Major James H. Keough
Mrs. Hubbard B. Mansfield
Mrs. G. H. Perry A. V. Phillips Austin Rice
Mrs. Albert W. Rockwood
REPORT OF LIBRARY TRUSTEES
117
Cyrus M. Dolbeare
Albert Wright Rockwood, Jr.
Mrs. Richard Dutton
Mrs. May Ruth Raymond Savage
Mrs. Walter H. Eaton
W. Bryant Tirrell Mrs. Leonard True
William E. Eaton
Wakefield Daily Item
Mrs. F. L. Edson
Wakefield Garden Club
George J. Evans
Wakefield Historical Society
Foster Hall Collection
Wakefield Rotary Club
Mrs. Walter Garland
Miss Elizabeth Wilkinson
Angier L. Goodwin
Donald White
Mrs. Arthur S. Green
City of Woburn
Mr. and Mrs. Frederick C. Warner
FINANCIAL STATISTICS - 1945 INCOME
Library Funds Held by Wakefield Trust Company
Original Fund
Book Value
Income
Junius Beebe Fund
$23,030.00
$26,783.70
$ 722.22
Decius Beebe Fund
14,000.00
13,481.92
430.20
Marcus Beebe Fund
15,000.00
17,523.40
522.34
Katherine E. Beebe Fund
5,000.00
5,377.21
112.17
Eleanor H. Beebe Fund
5,000.00
5,291.14
125.27
Frederic Beebe Fund
5,000.00
5,439.80
25.40
Charles S. Beebe Fund
1,000.00
1,095.29
22.69
John H. Beebe Fund
2,500.00
2,704.21
64.15
J. Oliver Beebe Fund
5,000.00
5,287.18
148.49
Alice Beebe Carpenter Fund
5,000.00
5,402.28
112.56
George O. Carpenter Fund
1,000.00
1,089.04
22.58
Sylenda B. Stearns Fund
2,000.00
2,137.49
54.16
$83,530.00
$91,612.66
$2,362.23
Note: 25% of the net income of the Junius Beebe Fund and 10% of the other funds listed above are added to the principal each year.
Library Funds Held by Town Treasurer
Principal
Income
John Gould Aborn Fund
$ 1,689.00
$ 33.95
Cyrus G. Beebe Fund
2,000.00
40,20
Frederic Beebe Fund
1,000.00
25.15
Robert Parker Dolbeare Fund
500.00
10.05
Willard Donnell Fund
500.00
Book Value $1,106.38
Harris Mason Dolbeare Memorial Fund
Original Fund
$ 1,089.15
10.05
Mrs. Riberot Dutton
Mrs. Theodore Eaton
118
TOWN OF WAKEFIELD
Milledge Elliott Fund
1,000.00
20.10
Rev. Thomas Albert Emerson Fund
500.00
8.78
Flint Memorial Fund
1,000.00
25.15
Merrill W. Gove Fund
500.00
8.78
Melvin J. Hill Fund
500.00
10.05
Francis P. Hurd Fund
2,500.00
50.25
Franklin Poole Fund
500.00
12.58
Mary H. Pratt Fund
200.00
4.02
Ashton H. Thayer Fund
500.00
10.05
Cyrus Wakefield Fund
500.00
12.58
$13,389.00
$ 281.74
TOTAL
$106,108.04
$2,643.97
SUMMARY
Town Appropriation
$23,168.00
Dog Tax
1,943.53
Income from Trust Funds, Wakefield Trust Company
2,362.23
Income from Trust Funds, Town Treasurer
281.74
$27,955.50
EXPENDITURES
Books
$ 4,671.47
Periodicals
514.50
Binding
1,037.27
Salaries, library service
15,156.11
Heat, light, telephone
1,257.60
Printing and supplies, maintenance
2,016.03
Salaries, Janitor service and pension
2,998.00
Miscellaneous
289.41
$27,940.39
Balance
15.11
Income
$27,955.50
Money returned to Town, 1945:
Fine, Payments for lost books, etc.
$ 1,167.40
SPECIAL APPROPRIATION
Montrose Branch Library
$ 5,800.00
Expenses 1945
Edward M. Bridge, architect's fees
$ 189.00
Wakefield Item Company, advertising for bids
6.00
Balance
$ 5,605.00
CLASSIFIED TABLE OF BOOKS BORROWED IN 1945
Deposits
Main Library
Montrose Branch
Adult
Juvenile
Greenwood Branch Adult
Juvenile
Adult
Juvenile
Schools
Boit Home
General Works
47
32
18
3
1
1
Philosophy
819
4
156
4
5
Religion
551
114
158
59
6
9
17
Social Sciences
1,351
1,403
420
550
20
164
194
Language
117
16
17
Science
867
442
164
563
7
68
144
Useful Arts
3,298
690
711
498
34
115
137
Fine Arts
2,633
647
545
603
36
71
54
Literature
2,591
394
632
421
54
40
120
History
2,050
336
603
328
72
59
121
Travel
2,047
480
533
681
47
82
170
Biography
2,337
527
859
495
63
147
144
Current Periodicals
3,592
469
2,463
396
381
146
Pamphlets
293
7
381
2
Fiction
51,250
8,960
20,899
10,761
2,403
1,677
3,247
690
18,420
j5,922
j1,664
j2,928
Totals
73,843
22,941
28,559
21,284
3,131
4,243
7,276
690
Pictures borrowed from the library during 1945 - 7,086
Total loans for the year 1945 - 161,967
REPORT OF
LIBRARY
TRUSTEES
119
120
TOWN OF WAKEFIELD
LIBRARY BORROWERS REGISTERED
Main Library
6,012
Greenwood Branch Library
1,769
Montrose Branch Library
319
Registered borrowers
8,100
LIBRARY RESOURCES
Volumes belonging to Library, January 1, 1945
70,158
Volumes purchased
3,061
Gifts
76
Bound volumes of magazines
50
Volumes added
3,187
Volumes withdrawn, 1945
945
Volumes belonging to Library, December 31, 1945
72,800
Magazines currently received at Library, 1945
180
Pictures belonging to Library, December 31, 1945 Mounted pictures
62,000
18,595
Pamphlets belonging to Library, December 31, 1945
3,600
121
REPORT OF PARK AND CEMETERY COMMISSIONERS
Report of Park and Cemetery Commissioners
January, 1946
To the citizens of Wakefield we hereby submit our annual report of the Park and Cemetery Commissioners for the year 1945.
One of the first projects undertaken by the New Board was the build- ing of a walk in front of the Memorial Plaque on the Common. While the plaque itself was attractive, it did not seem to have a finished appearance. Approaching it from the north, it seemed to be especially bare. This was remedied by putting in a planting of large evergreens and small shrubs, which, with the walk in front has made this a most attractive war memorial.
New elm trees have been planted on the Common to replace those destroyed by wind storms during the past few years. The trees along the lake shore were trimmed and old stumps were removed. New sand was added to the beach which not only added to the beauty of the lake shore; but also made improved wading conditions for the smaller children. During the summer it was necessary to establish a police patrol here to prevent older people from bathing.
The area of the Nasella Playground was increased. The other play- grounds are in good condition although all baseball diamonds must have work done on them before next summer. The numerous and heavy snow storms have retarded our plans for skating areas, and when the weather did not interfere, the loading machinery became damaged and lack of parts delayed repair.
There is much work to be done at Forest Glade Cemetery - grading, landscaping, seeding and tarring. Much of this work is already under way and will be continued during 1946.
The Commissioners appreciate the co-operation and interest of Mrs. Hume in her care of the Hartshorne House gardens. This house and its gardens are a credit not only to the Hartshorne House Association but to the Town of Wakefield.
While the following actually comes under 1946 business, the Commis- sioners feel that mention should be made of the appointment of Mr. Henry Vik of Butler Avenue as general superintendent of both departments. This arrangement adds efficiency to the Park and Cemetery Departments and in the matter of salaries is a saving to the Town of several hundred dollars a year.
The death of Mr. Charles Lynch, former superintendent of Forest Glade
122
TOWN OF WAKEFIELD
Cemetery is a loss to the department as he has been a loyal employee for many years.
The Park and Cemetery Department must have, in order to meet, its present needs, new equipment and tools and sufficient funds to hire the necessary employees.
FORREST E. CARTER JOHN T. STRINGER ROBERT F. FITZ
Park and Cemetery Commissioners.
123
REPORT OF BATH HOUSE SUPERVISOR
Report of Bath House Supervisor
January, 1946
Supervisor Wakefield Park Board Wakefield, Massachusetts
Gentlemen:
The bath house opened its 1945 season on June 25. The hours of opera- tion were from 9 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. on weekdays and Saturdays and from 2 p.m. to 6 p.m. on Sundays and holidays. An admission fee of 25 cents was charged non-residents for use of the facilities.
A competent staff was on duty at all times. However, due to war time conditions, certified life guards were unobtainable, hence, exceptionally qualified high school boys were employed. They were trained by the Supervisor in Red Cross water safety and life saving two nights a week at the Malden Y. M. C. A.
Many improvements in the way of new equipment and standards were installed. A first aid station was set up, containing two stretchers, blankets, and sufficient medical supplies to meet with all possible emergencies. Treatment was applied to the few cuts and abrasions that occurred during the season, by the Supervisor and the Matron who were qualified in Red Cross first aid treatment. The raft was re-enforced, re-boarded and covered with a cocoa matting. As a result of these precautionary measures, and the prohibiting of horse-play on the raft, no accidents occurred there. The watch tower was placed on shore where the two guards on duty had a clear view of the entire swimming area. This also prevented the novice from making vain attempts to reach the tower; and prevented other swim- mers, in general, from distracting and annoying the guards on duty. There was a guard on the raft and in the boat during bathing hours. A swimming area was enclosed by guide ropes to limit the non-swimmers and novice from venturing beyond a specified depth.
The guards were equipped with uniforms consisting of bathing suits, life guard sweat shirts, sun helmets, and whistles. The beach was patrolled nightly by a beach guard to prevent swimming after hours when no pro- tection was offered. Signs were placed in obvious places pertaining to the beach and bath house hours and rules.
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