USA > Massachusetts > Worcester County > Worcester > Town annual reports of the several departments for the fiscal year ending December 31, 1856-1861 > Part 33
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-
Aqueduct,
City Hall Building,
City Scales,
336 54
307 59
28 95
28 95
Common, (new,)
18 00
328 40
287 00
59 40
59 40
Contingent Expenses,
8,683 11
8,209 CO
8,280 46
4,822 32
18,350 21
11,644 68
5,681 13
5,963 55
Dog Fund,
Fngine, -
1,000 00
95 00
1,095 00
1,695 00
Engine House, -
-
9,000 00
90 00
542 51
9,632 51
9,632 51
Fire Department,
-
.
-
-
-
1,437 22
1,437 22
Highways and Bridges,
1,929 20
12,000 00
962 19
1,141 77
100 00
15,933 16
Hupe Cemetery, (lot account.)
3,739 50
695 00
701 80
357 54
Interest, -
6,000 00
32 22
1,386 20
4,646 02
4,646 02
Licenses,
-
-
768 60
Lighting Streets,
3,000 00
4 75
Loans or Bills Payable,
34,800 00
104 85
34,904 85
34,904 85
1
-
946 50
1,555 82
946 50
1 825 36
Paupers,
50 48
7,000 00
1,445 92
290 61
10,052 22
10 052 22
Police,
5,000 00
2,608 17
29) 61
7,898 78
7,898 78
Salaries,
3,550 00
50 00
3,600 00
3,600 (0
Schools,
30,000 00
880 32
4,490 76
35.370 98
35,370 98
School House, (Northville,)
2,150 00
48 00
1,111 90
2,586 10
2,586 10
School House, (Tatnuck,)
4,000 00
-
217 76
4,217 76
4,217 76
Sewers,
-
360 09
310 09
50 00
50 60
Shade Trees,
300 CO
15 0)
56 10
258 9J
258 9 )
Summon?,
138 80
68 55
70 25
70 25
Tax County,
17,010 52
17.010 52
17,010 52
Tax State.
5,6 )1 00
5,601 00
5,601 00
Taxes 1835 and 1856, uncollected,
254 13
254 13
1857
954 47
954 47
1858
2,018 39
2,018 39
-
1859
3,703 44
3,703 44
-
2,67 5 50
2,675 50
-
-
5,290 15
5,290 15
20,339 93
126,397 01
56,944 88!
:24,690 07
24,690 07|
203,681 82
203,681 82
15,774 94
15,774 94
-
-
5,044 50
5,044 50
Fuel, Lights, Printing, &c.,
-
-
-
-
4,434 50 344 26
Hope Cemetery,
301 80
400 00
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
768 00 1 18
3,003 57
3,003 57
878 86
Military, -
-
-
-
-
.
203,681 82
1
1,006 75
14,912 33 4,443 85
9,879 70
5,032 63
2,355 27
2,088 58
936 50
216 50
216 50
1,153 60
3,879 97
3,879 97
3,879 97
Free Public Library,
1,400 00
5,044 50
37 22
4,434 50
15,933 16
74
Bills Receivable, Cash on hand, -
-
taxes, cash, &c.
4,443 85
1,006 75
-
1,500 00
SCHEDULE
OF
THE CITY PROPERTY,
JANUARY 2D, 1860.
REAL ESTATE OWNED BY THE CITY.
COMMON.
New Common and Improvements,
-
- $12 900
City Hall,
20 000
Alms House, (brick) farm and wood land,
30 000
Hope Cemetery and improvements,
8 200
Burial ground on Common.
Mechanic street.
Pine Court.
¥
66
South Worcester.
Brick School House and lot on Walnut
street, 16 000
"
on Main
66
15 000
66
66
66
66 66
on Ash
66 11 000
66
66
66
66
on Sycamore
21 503
on Thomas
14 500
on Common,
4 500
66
66
66
at Adams Square,
2 600
66
66
66
66
at New Worcester,
9 000
66
66
66
at Northville,
2 600
66
66
66
at Pond District,
3 000
66
66
at Quinsigamond,
3 800
66
66
66
66 at South Worcester, 3 100
66
66
66
66
at Tatnuck,
4 450
66
66
on Pleasant
.
12 000
66
66
on Shrewsbury
3 500
at Burncoat Plain,
2 100
66
66
66
66
-
-
-
66
76
Wood School House and lot on Summer street,
8 000
(small.)
66
“ʻ on at Providence “ 3 150
at Blithewood avenue, 1 800
66 66
66 " at Reed
District,
66
66
66 " at Chamberlain
2 500
" at Leesville 66 66
66
66 " at Parkhurst 60
Lot of land for School House on Salem street, 1 200
" Library Building on Elm street, 5 042
City Pound lot, Pine street,
City Barn and lot, Salem street,
-
-
4 700
and lot No. 2, New Worcester,
-
1 000
2 000
66 66
" No. 6, Carlton
-
2 600
66
66
" No. 5, Myrtle 66
2 300
66 66 Bigelow's court, -
3 900
66
66
Main street, - 600
Hose Loft,
66 66 -
- 350
PERSONAL PROPERTY OWNED BY THE CITY.
Furniture in the City Hall, Mayor and Aldermen, Com- mon Council and Police Court Rooms, Treasurer's and Mes- senger's Offices ; in all the School Houses, and Part of the Ward Rooms ; Philosophical and other apparatus, Piano Forte, Maps, Books, &c., in Walnut street School House ; Books, Maps, &c., in the other School Houses.
IN CHARGE OF THE WATER COMMISSIONER.
The City Aqueduct, Reservoir, Hydrants, (109,) and all the fixtures and tools belonging thereto.
The Hydrants are located as follows
On Bloomingdale road, 1 On Main street, 21
Chestnut street, 5
Mechanic “ 6
Elm
7
Park 5
3
Pleasant " 8
Franklin 66
3
Prospect "
3
Front
6
Salem 66
3
Grafton
2
Shelby
1
Green
9
Southbridge street, 4
Lincoln
3
Summer
13
Thomas
6
-
100
Engine House No. 1, Lincoln square, -
1 000
" No. 3, Exchange street,
Exchange
77
The three on Lincoln street are attached to Ethan Allen's Aqueduct. There are also five belonging to individuals, located as follows : one at Edward Earle's house, one at William B. Fox & Son's factory, one at Goddard, Rice & Co.'s factory, and two at Nathan Washburn & Co.'s.
24 Stop Cocks, and location of same:
3 on Summer, near Thomas street, 2 on Main,
1 on " east side, opposite Elm street,
1 on
Pleasant street,
1 on Exchange, near Main street,
1 on Mechanic,
2 on Park, 60 66 66
1 on Church, near Mechanic street,
1 on Pleasant, near Chestnut street,
3 near junction of Elm and Chestnut street,
1 junction Main and Southbridge street, 2 near junction of Park and Salem street,
2 " Green and Franklin street,
1 on Bloomingdale road,
1 on corner Franklin and Grafton streets,
1 on Lincoln Square, west of bridge,
1 near Merrifield's Machine Shop.
3 Waste Gates, and location of same :
1 on Thomas street, east of bridge,
1 on Lincoln square, west of bridge,
1 near Corner of Milk and Franklin streets.
Tools, &c., in hands of Commissioners,-see report. Cost of Aqueduct and fixtures, about $45 000
IN CHARGE OF THE SEVERAL ENGINE AND HOSE COMPAN- IES, AND UNDER A GENERAL SUPERVISION OF THE ENGINEERS.
1 Long ladder at Granite Row, Main street.
6 Engines,
9 Hose Carriages,
168 feet Suction Hose,
4000 feet Leading Hose,
25 Buckets,
2 Hook and Ladder Carriages,
15 Axes,
16 Crotch Poles and Forks,
22 Ladders,
4 pair Runners,
17 Trumpets, 8 Signal Lanterns,
4 Manure Forks,
4 Hay Forks,
10 Shovels,
8 Fire Hooks,
8
78
In addition to the above, each Company is furnished with Spanners and Belts, Torches, Signal Lanterns, Bars, Shovels, &c., necessary to accomplish their duties ; they are also pro- vided with furniture for their respective meeting rooms.
Valued at $12 000 by Chief Engineer.
IN CHARGE OF LAMP LIGHTERS, JOSEPH H. FLINT & STE- PHEN SHUMWAY.
73 Fluid Lamps in use, located as follows :
On
Arch street, 1
On Manchester street,
2
Belmont
1
Maple
1
Bridge
2
Mechanic
2
Central
2
Orange 66
3
East Central street, 3
Pine
3
East Worcester street, 1
Pleasant
2
Elm street,
1
Portland
3
Franklin street,
1
Salem
3
Grafton
66
2
School
66
7
Green
1
Shrewsbury
2
Grove
66
6
Southbridge
7
Hibernia 66
1
Sudbury
66
1
Laurel
1
Union
3
Liberty
66
2
Walnut
1
Madison
3
Washington
3
Main
2
130 Gas Lamps in use, located as follows :
On Cedar
street,
2
On Mechanic street
1
Chestnut
4
Oak
1
Elm
5
Park
5
Exchange
4
Pearl
1
Foster
2
Pleasant
9
Front
14
School
66
3
Grafton
1
Spring
1
Green
9
Summer
11.
Harvard
5
Temple
66
4
Lincoln
9
Trumbull
1
Main
32
Vernon
66
1
Common,
3
Thomas
1
Highland
1
There are also 8 Gas posts and frames, 7 Gas Lanterns, 9 Fluid do., 126 Fluid lamps, 1 stove and pipe, 1 copper boiler, 19 lights 14x20, and 50 lights 10x14 glass, and Tools as follows :
79
1 Brush, 4 Oilers, 1 Brace and bit, 2 Lamp fillers, 1 Shovel, 4 pair Scissors, 1 Faucet, 1 10-gallon Fluid Can, 3 Fluid Cans, 1 2-quart Measure and Tunnel, 1 Diamond, 5 Ladders, 1 Hammer, 1 Screw Driver, 1 Wrench, 1 Chisel, 1 Putty Knife, 3 pair Pliers, 1 Match Safe, 1 Lamp Reflector, 1 File and 1 Gimblet,-whole valued at $2800.
IN CHARGE OF THE COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS.
4 Horses, 400 00
500 ft. Curbstone, 125 00
4 yoke Oxen, 600 00
1 Snow Plow, 20 00
8 tons Hay,
120 00
4 Ox Carts, 235 00
1 Lumber Wagon,
10 00
3 Horse
Carts
1 Hay Cart,
15 00
and Harness, 136 00
1 Buggy Harness,
8 00
4 Scrapers and 4 Plows, 58 00
10,000 ft. Chesnut Plank, 160 00
1 Horse Sled, 12 00
1 Tight box for
2 Ox Sleds, 10 00
manure,
40 00
2 Snow Scrapers, 10 00
Paving Stone,
93 75
POLICE OFFICE AND WATCH HOUSE.
17 Mattresses, 17 Police Badges,
2 Standing Desks,
21 Blankets, 7 Metal
3 Stoves and Pipe,
9 l'illows, 11 Star 66
2 Stools,
11 Office Chairs, 15 Billys,
3 Settees,
1 Clock, 10 pair Handcuffs, 1 Copper Boiler,
16 Rattles, 3 Dark Lanterns,
Buckets, Lanterns, Water Pails and other small articles.
STANDARD OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
In Charge of LYMAN L. MASON, City Sealer. Office 111 Main Street.
Four City Scales, in charge of the following persons :-
Darius A. Wood, on Southbridge street.
Frederick Cutting, at New Worcester.
Whiting & Woodbury, at Washington Square.
Harvey G. Upham, at Lincoln Square. Valued at $1,200.
IN CHARGE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE ALMS HOUSE. House Furniture, - 1,350 50
Stock on Farm, Farming Tools, Provisions &c., 3,943 96
80
IN CITY MARSHAL'S OFFICE.
1 Salamander Safe, 1 Desk,
4 Office Chairs, 1 Lounge, 1 Book Case,
2 Looking Glasses,
1 Feather Duster.
In Police Court Room, 1 Salamander Safe.
In Treasurer's Office, 1
AMOUNT OF CITY DEBT, January 2, 1860.
Interest 5 per cent. per annum.
20 Bonds, Bank of Metropolis, payable April 1, 1860, - - $20 000
25 Bonds, Bank of Metropolis, payable April 1, 1861, - 25 000
1 Note, Geo. C. Macy, payable March 1,1861, -
2 000
13 Bonds, Wor. Co. Inst. for Savings, payable June 1, 1862, 13 000
13 Bonds, Wor. Co. Inst. for Savings, payable June 1, 1863, 13 000
2 Bonds Wor. Co. Inst. for Savings, payable June 1, 1864, - 1 500
1 Bond, George Jaques, payable June 1, 1865, -
500
5 Bonds, Priscilla Wyer, payable June 1, 1865, -
5 000
- 5 Bonds, Priscilla Wyer, payable June 1,1866, 5 000
2 Notes, on demand, to Eben. Mower, 4 000
1 Note, on demand, to Hannah Fowler, 800
6 Notes, payable July 17, annually, Wor. Co. Inst., $1,604 85
each, (no interest,) - 9,629 10
- $99,429 10
HIGH SCHOOL MEDAL FUND.
Donation received from the Hon. Alexander H. Bullock, One Thousand Dollars.
GEORGE W. WHEELER,
City Treasurer.
REPORT.
OF THE
SCHOOL COMMITTEE.
The legislature of 1857 changed the organization of the school committee of this city, by making the term of office three years instead of one, only one- third of the committee going out annually.
The results, so far, confirm the anticipation of the friends of the change. It gives some degree of per- manency to the board, secures for the management and control of our schools the wisdom of experience, and affords those who initiate improvements time to test their practicability.
Would not the efficiency of the committee be still further promoted, if gentlemen of large experience and liberal culture did not feel at liberty to decline an election to the board, or to resign after the citi- zens had placed them on it ?
The committee of 1859 lost two worthy and effi- cient members by death,-Mr. O. P. Gilbert of the first ward, and Mr. Alvin Allen of the fourth. The
9
82
removal of two other members from the city, reduced the board, near the close of the year, to twenty members.
The committee began the year without proposing any radical changes in our system of public schools, but with the desire to perfect that system, and to introduce such measures as the increase of pupils and the efficiency of the schools might require.
SUMMARY OF SCHOOLS.
At the beginning of the year, the committee found in the city fifty-three schools, of which fifty were permanent, and three were in session only four months of the year.
When the promotions, which were delayed for a short period, were made, the grammar schools were found to be overflowing, and the organization of a new one became a pressing necessity. Miss Walker's school was accordingly removed from Sycamore street to Pleasant street, and a new one organized where hers had been.
The secondary school in Ash street could not accommodate all the applicants, and a new one was organized in the ward-room of that house. At a later period this school was removed to Main street.
In the summer term, the primary schools were so full that no primary school room in the city had as many seats as pupils. To relieve this pressure, the city council removed the property of the fire de- partment from the Front street school house, and finished a room of dimensions to accommodate sixty-
83
three pupils, and the committee organized a fourth primary school in that house.
Early in the year, the crowded state of the pri- mary schools in East Worcester received attention, an assistant was placed in the upper school room, and seats enough were added to accommodate one hundred and twenty pupils.
Although in the last two years three new primary schools have been organized, and one single school has been made double, there are still more pupils than seats. Thomas street primary school cannot accommodate half the pupils whose parents desire to send there.
The large increase in the Providence street school made it necessary, near the beginning of the year, to place a temporary assistant there. The number of pupils has not diminished, the assistant has not been withdrawn, and two schools will be needed there hereafter.
The building of the new school house in Tatnuck made it expedient to suspend that school for several months, and two schools are in session there now. The Leesville school was also suspended during the fall term.
The adult schools closed about the first of April, and opened again the Monday after Thanksgiving. This winter, both sexes attend one evening school. There have not been pupils enough to require another.
With the above additions and changes, there are in the city now fifty-four permanent schools, and two temporary ones, namely, one Classical and English
84
high school, with three departments, Classical, En- glish, and French ; nine grammar schools, three of them double ; eleven secondary schools, one of them double ; twenty primary schools, eight of them double ; thirteen suburban schools, one of them double, and another having two teachers in the win- ter ; one adult school for males, and one evening school for both sexes, each kept four months in the year.
TEACHERS.
The above schools give employment to six male, and sixty-five female teachers. The admission of a preparatory class into the high school in October, created the necessity of an additional teacher there. The promotions from the grammar schools made it practicable to grant temporary leave of absence to two teachers, and the promotions from the primary schools diminished their numbers so that the super- intendent could dismiss the temporary assistants in Ash and Sycamore streets.
In intelligence and energy and professional skill, the teachers of Worcester will compare favorably with those of any city in the Commonwealth. While it is gratifying to our municipal pride to see that our best teachers are seldom induced to leave our schools to assume the charge of schools else- where, we confess a large annual loss from the pre- ference which many of our most successful teachers give to domestic duties over those of the school room.
Our sources of supply are many. Some come
85
from the schools in the country, where they have established a reputation before applying for a situa- tion in the city. The larger number are daughters of our own citizens and have been educated for the most part in our own schools.
It is our deliberate conviction that the daughters of our own citizens should be encouraged to prepare themselves to be teachers, and that, being equal to strangers, they should be preferred to them.
Encouragement may also be extended to faithful and successful teachers by promoting them to higher grades and better salaries when vacancies are to be filled. Faithfulness, skill, and success in one grade of schools, furnish the best evidence of fitness to go up higher.
The state normal schools have given our city some excellent teachers. These are not uniformly successful. The normal discipline does for those having a natural aptness to teach, what the law school does for a shrewd young man of mental vigor and industrious habits, who designs to enter the legal profession. The normal school cannot make all her graduates first class teachers, any more than Yale can make all her students Calhouns, or Dart- mouth all hers Websters.
PUPILS.
The whole number of children in the city between the ages of five and fifteen years, on the first day of May 1859, was - - - -
- 4163 In 1858, it was - -
- - 4076 An increase of eighty-seven.
9*
86
The whole number, between the same ages, regis- tered in the schools during the year, was 4519
Number over fifteen years of age, - 527
less than five years of age, - 375
Making the aggregate,
-
- 5421
To accommodate these pupils, there are
in the high school,
204 seats.
" grammar schools, 616
" secondary
696 66
" primary
1632
" adult
70
66
" suburban
546
66
In all,
3764 66
A large number of pupils attend the schools only a part of the year. Some leave in the summer and return in the fall or winter; others attend the schools in the summer and are not connected with them in the winter.
The average number belonging to the schools for the year was,
in the center district, -
- 3388
" suburban districts, - - 436 .
" " whole city, - - - - 3824
The average daily attendance for the year was in the center district, - - - 2801
" " suburban districts, - - 339
" " whole city, - - - - 3140
The percentage of attendance, calculated for the time each pupil belonged to the schools, was .82.
87
The pupils have been distributed as follows :
In the high school,
41 per ct. of all.
" grammar schools, 151 66
66
66 " secondary schools, 172 66
66
66 primary schools, 46 66 66 66 66
66 " adult schools, 42
66
66
" suburban schools, 12 66
66 66 6:
·
Comparing these statistics with those of 1858 we obtain the following gratifying result ;
Number
Average
Year.
Registered.
Attendance.
1858
5194
2919
1859
5421
3140
This shows in favor of the year 1859, a balance of 227 in number, and of 221 in the average daily attendance.
In regularity and punctuality of attendance there has been a marked improvement. Seventy-five pupils have a record of perfect attendance for the entire year, i. e. they have not been absent, tardy, or dismissed during that time.
Three hundred and nine were perfect in their attendance during the fall term. The names of these pupils would appear here if they had not been already published in the Evening Transcript.
While the rules of the school committee permit children of four years of age to attend the primary schools, some of the parents are wise enough not to avail themselves of the privilege of inflicting both physical and mental injury upon their innocent babes. Others have not this wisdom, and send to the school room children too young to leave the nursery.
88
On the other hand, many pupils are removed from school at too early an age. A very large per cent. of the pupils in our primary schools never advance beyond them. Others, fortunate enough to reach the secondary or grammar schools, are taken from their books for the sake of the pittance they can earn. Necessity, alone, can justify this ; but necessity is rarely the motive. . The parent unthinkingly robs his child of his only fortune, his education, for the insignificant dimes the child can earn at service.
Irregularity of attendance exerts a pernicious influence upon the schools as well as upon the delin- quents. Every lesson lost by a part of the school is a tax imposed upon the other part. The leaders must wait till the laggards come up. The present system of registering all delinquencies and of mak- ing them count against the relative standing of the pupil in his class, as well as affect his prospect of promotion, exerts a healthful influence, and has already in a large degree corrected the evil.
Under our present system, every failure in recita- tion and every error in deportment is recorded, and the sum of them sent to the parent or guardian monthly.
This system of recording the daily standing of each pupil contemplates their promotion from grade to grade without a formal examination, if their scholarship and deportment come within twenty per cent. of perfection.
The experiment so far has worked well. All, not known by the record to be prepared for promotion, are subjected to the test of an examination. The
89
desire to escape this dreaded test quickens the dili- gence and industry of the otherwise indolent and careless.
Another motive for diligence and punctuality has been supplied with the best results. Promotions were made in the fall term, from class to class, and from grade to grade, of such pupils as were qualified to enter the higher classes without creating the necessity of making new ones.
Pupils classed together at the beginning of the school year cannot always be profitably kept together till its close, for the irregularity in the attendance of a part of them, and the natural differ- ences in mental capacity and readiness to learn in others, soon separate them. Pupils in advance of their classmates, should not be chained to the dead weight behind them. Would anything more effec- tually discourage all enterprise in the community, and keep us all poor, than a statute prohibiting the industrious and frugal from outstripping the idle and profligate in the road to wealth ? Is not human nature in the child very like what it is in the man ? Industry and perseverance should never be compelled to draw after them laziness and imbecility.
If a part of each class can accomplish in six months what another part must be twelve months in accomplishing, why should the former be required to wait the slow movements of the latter ? Would there not be just as much propriety in enacting that the railway locomotive should never move faster than the stage coach ?
90
SCHOOL HOUSES.
The number of school houses in the city is twenty- three, ten in the centre district and thirteen in the suburbs. In one of these houses eight schools are kept, in another, six, and in another three ;- two others have five schools in each,-three have four in each,-three have two in each, and twelve have one in each. Every school room in the city is occupied by a school except one in New Worcester. That beautiful and expensive house was evidently designed for the use of the next generation.
Two new school houses have been built and dedi- cated to school purposes during the year, one in Tat- nuck at an expense of $4217,76, a beautiful struc- ture of two stories, designed for two schools, which the large number of pupils in the district requires a portion of the year ;- the other in Northville, where the old one had long ago ceased to command even the respect due to age. The new house has but one school room, is a neat and substantial structure, in a new and beautiful locality.
The school yard, as well as many others in the city, stands much in need of ornamentation, and we are happy to record a resolution, unanimously adopt- ed by the citizens of Northville, to give May Day to the work of grading the yard and planting trees. The children of the Puritans will not neces- sarily degenerate, in learning that the cultivation of the taste is an important and an essential part of a complete education.
The Northville school house, including the lot, cost
$2586 10.
. 91
Nine of the thirteen school houses in the suburbs are nearly new.
If the ratio of increase in the population of the city is constant, it will soon be necessary to provide a school room for the accommodation of the people in the west part of the center district, one or more to relieve the schools in the vicinity of the old common, and perhaps another on Laurel hill. When the time to build comes, it may be thought expedient to appropriate the Walnut street school house to gram- mar school purposes, and build a new house for the high school. The rooms wanted for primary schools would then be found in the houses from which the grammar schools would be taken.
RESOURCES AND EXPENDITURES.
The real estate of the city used for school purposes was last year estimated at about - - - - - $140000 00
Add the cost of two new school houses
6803 86 built this year, -
And we have the aggregate value, $146803 86
The annual expense of keeping this amount of property from deterioration cannot be less than two per cent. or about $3000 The city council for 1859 appropria- ted for schools, - $30,000 00
The amount rec'd from the state treas'y, 856 38
66 " in taxes for books, 23 84
60 transferred from "contin-
gent expenses," for repairs on Pleasant street house, - -
- 550 00
92
The amount transferred from contin-
gent expenses, - -
- 2828 86
The amount transferred from Northville
school house, - -
- 1111 90
$35370 98
Previous to the superintendent's entering upon his duties, on the 3d day of May 1859, no account of the expenditures in this department had been kept by the school committee.
The twelfth section of the duties of the superin- tendent requires all bills for the expenses of the school department to be presented to him for his cer- tification and approval, and requires him to keep a " complete schedule of all audited accounts, classified under appropriate heads, in a book prepared for that purpose, and to make a financial report to the board as soon as the financial reports for the year are made up."
For convenience of reference, the expenses of the school department for the year 1859, are here arranged so as to show, first, what was expended in the four months, from January to May, when there was no superintendent, and second, what was expend- ed from May to January 1860, eight months, under the superintendent.
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