USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Tewksbury > Town of Tewksbury annual report 1956-1962 > Part 16
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No steam exhaust or steam drip, unless it be connected with the blow-off tank shall be supplied with a vapor pipe not less than two inches in diameter which shall be carried above the roof and above the highest windows of the building.
The Board of Health may require such additional means of cooling the blow-off tanks by the injection of cold water or otherwise as may be necessary to reduce the temperature of the water passing from the blow-off tank so that it shall not exceed one hundred and thirty degrees Fahrenheit. The discharge from blow-off tanks shall be carried ten feet outside the building before entering house sewer.
TRAPS
Section 4. The waste pipe of every independent fixture shall be furnished with a separate trap, which shall be placed as near as practicable to the fixture which it serves. A combination sink and tray may be connected with the house drain through one drum trap or through a two-inch 1/2 S brass trap, when outlets are not over three feet six inches apart; but the outlet of each fixture shall enter the trap separately. Lead bends for water closets or slop sinks shall not be used to connect waste from other fixtures. The connections between drainage pipes and earthenware traps shall be made by means of brass or iron flanges caulked, soldered or screwed to the drainage pipes and bolted to the earthenware and the joint made of grafting wax, red or white putty, except in the case of water sealed flanges where an approved gasket may be used. All traps shall be of open form, and traps depend- ing upon concealed partitions to retain their seal will not be approved. Trap screws for cleaning purposes shall be placed in all metal traps, and where such traps are placed in connection with fixtures, they shall be so installed that the water seal will protect the trap screw from sewer air. Traps shall be of cast iron or brass, except that drum traps shall be of brass. 4" x 8" brass drum trap can be used for bath-tub and lavatory waste with a maximum overall run of 7 feet.
SPECIAL TRAPS Special Wastes and Traps
Section 5. Drainage from stables, garages, laboratories, special fixtures and kitchens shall be installed in accordance with plans ap- proved by the Board of Health.
When liquid wastes from barns, stables, manure pits and the stable yards are permitted to enter the sewer system, they shall be intercepted by a properly trapped catch basin of suitable size and design.
All discharge lines from garages, service pits, washstands, and other structures where gasoline, naphtha or other inflammable oils or com- pounds are used shall be provided with a catch basin, properly trapped, or gasoline and oil interceptor approved by the Board of Health, so designed as to safeguard against the entrance of sand, oil, gasoline, or
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other inflammable compound into the sewers. The device shall be ventilated with a separate pipe to a point three feet above the roof. These catch basins and interceptors shall have the accumulated oil, gasoline, or other inflammable liquids, sand, silt or other solids, re- moved at regular intervals.
Grease interceptors or grease traps of a type approved by the Board of Health shall be installed on the waste pipes from all pot or dishwashing sinks or machines in every kitchen, pantry or serving room, except in private dwellings and in cases where said sinks or machines are connected directly to an outside grease trap by means of independent waste pipes. The trap shall be placed as near as practicable to the fixture which it serves, shall be of sufficient size, easily accessible to open and clean. Every building from which, in the opinion of the Board of Health, grease may be discharged in such quantity as to clog or injure the sewer shall have a grease trap located outside the building at a point approved by the Board of Health.
Waste and vent pipes, traps and fittings serving fixtures in chemical laboratories shall be of approved acid-resisting materials made for the purpose. The arrangement of piping shall be subject to the approval of the Board of Health. So-called acid-resisting hub and spigot cast- metal pipe of the same dimensions as extra heavy cast-iron hub and spigot pipe or other approved corrosion-resisting pipe may also be used for waste and vent pipes.
CLEANOUTS
Section 6. Cleanouts, known as Boston Regulation Pattern, shall be placed at changes in direction and at foot of vertical stack, or other points necessary to make all portions of horizontal drainage system accessible for cleaning purposes.
BACK AIR PIPES, VENTS, ETC.
Section 7. All branches of soil or waste pipe, if more than twenty feet in developed length, shall be extended through the roof un- diminished in size or re-vented into the main vent system. Traps shall be protected from siphonage or ai rpressure by iron, brass or copper air pipes of a size not less than the waste pipes they serve. Continuous systems shall be used and back air pipes shall not be connected to the trap or branched into the waste pipe except where a continuous vent is not practicable. Back air pipes shall enter the waste pipe within thirty-six inches measured horizontally of the trap and shall be a con- tinuation of the waste pipe. Air pipes for water closet traps shall be of two inches internal diameter if for not more than three fixtures and less than thirty-five feet in length; if for not more than three fixtures or more than thirty-five feet in length, they shall be of three-inch in- ternal diameter. Air pipes shall run as direct as practicable, and if one and one-half inches in diameter shall not exceed thirty feet in length.
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Two or more air pipes may be connected together or with a vent pipe, but, in every such case with connection shall be above the top of the fixture.
The traps for the upper fixtures on a line of soil or waste pipe if within five feet horizontal developed length of the stack and the outlets of which connect independently to the stack, shall not require a special air pipe unless the outlets are branched into the stack more than eighteen inches below the floor line, or if the waste pipes from said traps are less than three inches in diameter and have more than 1/4 inch per foot pitch. Diameters of vent pipes shall be not less than two inches for main vents through less than seven stories, three inches for water closets on more than three floors, and for other fixtures in more than seven stories. All vents and air pipes shall be undiminished in size passing through the roof. Vent lines shall be connected at the bottom with a soil or waste pipe or with a drain, in such manner as to prevent accumulation of rust scale and properly to drip the water of con- densation. Offsets shall be made at an angle of not less than forty-five degrees. Drain, soil, waste and vent pipes shall be supported at least every eight feet on horizontal runs, and at least once to every story on vertical lines. In buildings where a series of bath-rooms or kitchens are located directly over each other and have a common soil or waste pipe the back air pipe required shall be a vent line connecting each outlet branch close to the water closet connection or outlet from the sink trap, each branch vent to connect to vent line above the top of the highest fixture on each floor, the vent line to connect to main vent line above the top of the highest fixture in the building. In the case of batteries of water closets, the special air pipe from each trap may be omitted, provided that the soil or waste pipe, undiminished in size for batteries up to and including four such water closets is continued to a point above the roof of re-vented into the main soil pipe system above the top of the uppermost fixture. Stall urinals and floor drains may have the same system of battery ventilation, providing the waste pipe is one inch larger than the traps of the fixtures they serve. The waste pipes from urinals shall be the size of the discharge opening in urinal and in no case shall it be less than two inches in diameter, unless wall hung, and in such case an inch and a half trap may be used.
Plumbing fixtures on the top floor level, in relation to the stack into which they enter, may enter into not less than a 4" soil or waste stack without requiring any other vent than the continuation of the soil or waste stack as a vent through the roof of re-vented into the vent system above the highest fixture, provided that all such fixtures shall enter said stack independently; that the waste pipe from said fixtures shall have a pitch of not more than 1/4 inch per foot; that the traps from said fixtures shall be placed not more than five feet from the soil or waste stack (developed length).
All garbage disposed appliances connected to a plumbing system shall be connected to the waste or soil pipe independent of any other
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fixture with not less than a 2" waste pipe and shall be vented as per above.
SCHEDULE OF BACK AIR PIPES AND VENTS FOR FIXTURES
Fixtures
Size of Pipe ( Inches)
Greatest Length Allowed (feet)
Maximum No. of Fixtures
11/2
30
3
Baths, sinks, basins, urinals
2
70
9
sink and tray combination
3
70
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2
35
3
Water closets or slop sinks
3
70
9
TESTING AND INSPECTION
Section 8. Pipes or other fixtures shall not be covered or concealed from view until approved by the Board of Health, except when in the case of an emergency or repair of leaks, this would be impracticable. All work, including emergency and repair work, shall be examined and/or tested within two working days after notice is received by the Board of Health that it is ready for inspection. Plumbing shall not be used unless, when roughed in the wastes, vents, back air pipes and traps are first tested, in the presence of a representative of the Board of Health, by water or sufficient air pressure if such test practicable, and a final inspection shall be required when plumbing work is com- pleted, and, if satisfactory, a certificate of approval shall be issued therefor to the plumber who signed the application.
WATER CLOSETS, ETC.
Section 9. Every building shall have such number of water closets as the Board of Health may require. Every building where persons are employed therein; and in any building where persons of both sexes are employed separate accommodations shall be furnished for both sexes are women. No trapped plumbing fixture shall be located in any room or compartment which does not contain a window having an area of at least 3 square feet placed in an external wall of the building or which is not provided with an approved system of ventilation. Every enclosure, the walls and doors of which extend from floor to ceiling and in which is located one or more water closets or urinals shall have similar ventilation requirements. The Board of Health may, by special per- mission, grant authority for installing a different system of ventilation than that described herein. Water closets shall be flushed by water from tanks or by flushometer valves capable of delivering 5 gallons of water to the closets in 10 seconds or in the case of urinals, 2 gallons of water in 10 seconds. Water from water closet or urinal flush tanks shall be used for no other purpose.
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All plumbing fixtures and the materials of which they are made shall be subject to the approval of the State Board of Examiners of Plumbers.
Drinking fountains and bubblers shall not be installed in such manner or location as to be readily contaminated.
Section 10. No water closet, urinal or any other fixture, appliance, appurtenance or device shall be directly supplied from a water dis- tribution system through a flushometer, or other valve, faucet, bibb or device, unless such flushometer or other valve, faucet, bibb or device and outlet therefrom is set at least 1.5 times the diameter of the outlet plus .50 inches above the maximum water level or the water is supplied to the outlet by way of an approved siphon breaker or vacuum breaker installed in approved manner.
All flushometers and backflow preventers (siphon breakers or vacuum breakers) shall be subject to a laboratory test by and the approval of the Department of Public Health. Backflow preventers shall be of the moving part and air vent type which shall be of such size and proportions as to allow an ample flow of water to fixture, a complete functioning unit installed separately or contained wholly within the flush valve body between the flush valve mechanism and the fixture. The preventer shall be of non-corrosible material, shall not leak under any degree of back pressure and shall operate quietly. The device shall prevent a reduction of pressure in the flush pipe greater than one inch of water when the outlet end of the flush pipe is closed or submerged in water and a vacuum of 20 inches of mercury is applied on the supply side.
The critical level shall in no case be below the outlet connection, and when the critical level is above that point it shall be shown by a horizontal line not less than 1/4 inch long and clearly stamped on the body the symbols C-L or C/L. When not indicated the critical level shall be considered as being at the level of the outlet end of the device. The critical level of backflow preventers when installed shall be located at least 4 inches above the flood level of the fixture (maximum water level) except where existing supplies, which do not permit an elevation of 4 inches, must be accommodated, the elevation of the critical level may be placed not less than 2 inches above the flood level of the fixture. Each backflow preventer shall be clearly marked with the manufac- turer's name and sufficient additional information to identify it from any other model that is made or has been made by him.
STORM AND SURFACE WATER
Section 11. All roofs and paved areas, yards, courts and court yards shall be drained into the storm water drainage system but not into the separate sewers intended for sewage only except where the storm sewer is above the area way, in which case the area may be con- nected with the sanitary sewer if properly trapped and approved by
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the Board of Health.
When drains used for this purpose are connected with the com- bined sewerage systems they shall be effectually trapped. One trap may serve for all such connections but traps must be set below the frost line or inside of the building. Where there is no storm sewer accessible such connections shall be discharged in such manner as not to flow upon a public way or adjoining land.
Wherever a surface drain is installed in a cellar or basement it shall be provided with a deep sealed trap and backwater valve. Drain pipes from fixtures subject to backflow from sewer shall be supplied with backwater valves.
INDIRECT, REFRIGERATION AND SPECIAL WASTES
Section 12. No waste pipe from a refrigerator, ice-box or cold room, any receptacle where food is stored, any sterilizer, autoclave, sterile water tank or any receptacle used to treat, process or store sur- gical or hospital supplies and equipment or any receptacle for storing or dispensing drinking water except drinking fountains which are properly trapped and vented shall connect directly with any house drain, soil or waste pipe. Such waste pipe shall in all cases empty over an open sink, floor drain or other fixture that is properly supplied with water, connected, trapped and vented the same as any other fixture and an air gap of at least twice the diameter of the waste pipe shall be provided between the waste pipe and the receiving receptacle or waste pipe except that an open waste fitting or an approved back- flow preventer will be permitted in lines from receptacles not subjected to a vacuum or directly connected to the water supply.
MECHANICAL DISCHARGE SYSTEM
Section 13. Fixtures that discharge into tank and from tank to pump or ejector shall be protected from siphonage with not less than a four-inch pipe up and through the roof. Tank shall be vented and vent pipe from tank may be connected to vent stack not less than twenty feet in height from tank. No gravity fixture shall be vented into this system. Tank vent shall be same size as waste or soil pipe. No fixtures shall be connected to the discharge pipe from an ejector or pump between the ejector or pump and the point where it enters the house drain or sewer. When the drain is subject to backflow a check valve shall be used.
HOT WATER TANKS AND SAFETY APPLIANCES
Section 14. No range boiler, tank, vessel or container, ferrous or non-ferrous, in which water is to be heated or stored under pressure for domestic, culinary or sanitary purposes, in this section and in sections eighteen and nineteen referred to as hot water tanks, shall be sold or
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offered for sale unless it is plainly marked by the manufacturer, by stamping into the metal of the tank, or on a metal plate permanently attached to the tank, in a conspicuous place, as follows :
A. Manufacturer's name or registered trade mark.
B. Rated capacity of hot water tank in United States gallons.
C. Hydrostatic pressure in pounds per square inch at which the tank has been tested by the manufacturer, following the words "Tested to."
D. Maximum allowable working pressure in pounds per square inch.
Notwithstanding the requirements of the preliminary paragraph and paragraphs A to D, inclusive, of this section, the markings therein referred to shall not be required, in the case of cast iron hot water fronts, so called, or hot water tanks that are insulated or enclosed in a jacket or casing, to be stamped into the metal thereof or to be stamped on a metal plate permanently attached thereto; provided that any manufacturer selling such hot water fronts within the Commonwealth shall in writing certify to the Department of Public Safety and the Board of State Examiners of Plumbers that every such water front sold by him complies with the pertinent provisions of law, and provided, further, that any manufacturer of hot water tanks that are insulated or enclosed in a jacket or casing which are to be sold within the Common- wealth shall certify in writing to the Department of Public Safety and the Board of State Examiners of Plumbers that every such tankless water heater coil or element, or hot water tank manufactured by him complies with the pertinent provisions of law, and shall permanently attach to the largest segment of said jacket or casing, in a conspicuous place, a metal plate which has stamped into the metal thereof the requirements of paragraphs A to D, inclusive.
Section 15. No hot water tank shall be repaired, relocated or installed and connected, unless it meets the following construction requirements :
A. The actual capacity of a hot water tank shall be within seven and a half percent of the capacity stamped on the tank.
B. A hot water tank shall be so constructed by riveting, welding, or otherwise as to withstand the stamped test pressure without visible permanent distortion, and be so designed as to have an ultimate strength sufficient to withstand a hydrostatic pressure twenty-five percent higher than the stamped test pressure.
C. Solder which melts at a temperature. below seven hundred degress Fahrenheit shall not be used to hold the tank together, but may be used to make it water tight, cistern tanks excepted.
D. A hot water tank in which water is to be heated or stored under pressure greater than fifteen pounds per square inch shall have a stamped test pressure of not less than two hundred pounds per square inch.
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E. The maximum working pressure at which a hot water tank may be installed shall not be greater than forty-two and a half percent of the test pressure marked on the tank.
Section 16. No hot water tank shall be installed and connected unless it is protected with safety devices as follows:
A. A hot water tank in which water is to be heated or stored under pressure greater than fifteen pounds per square inch shall be equipped with a suitable pressure relief valve installed in a tapping in the tank or in the cold water supply line, or the hot water outlet line, with no shut-off valve between the relief valve and the tank. The pressure relief valve shall be set by the manufacturer to operate at a pressure not more than twenty pounds above the maximum working pressure stamped on the tank or jacket or casting, and shall be so constructed that said setting cannot be exceeded by normal means of adjustment.
B. A hot water tank to which a heating device or appliance capable of delivering water to the tank at a temperature greater than two hundred and twelve degrees Fahrenheit is connected shall be equipped with a suitable temperature relief valve so adjusted and installed as to prevent development of, or accumulation of, water which is at a temperature in excess of two hundred and twelve degrees Fahrenheit. Said temperature relief valve shall be installed in a tapping directly in or on the tank, within twelve inches of the top of a vertical tank or within six inches of the top of a horizontal tank, with no fittings between the valve and tank, except that a bushing may be used to reduce the tapping to fit the valve, or the valve shall be installed in the hot water outlet pipe as close to the top of the tank as possible. In no case shall the heat sensitive member of the temperature relief valve be more than five inches away from the top of the tank. The discharge outlet of the tem- perature relief valve shall be connected by means of a non-ferrous pipe or tubing not less than three-eighths inch inside diameter, with no shut-off, to an open plumbing fixture, or to within twelve inches of the basement floor. A thermostatically controlled hot water tank may be protected by an automatic fuel shut-off device in addition to the thermostat. Such shut-off device shall be installed in the same location and perform the same function as said temperature relief valve.
C. All parts of temperature and pressure relief valves which are in contact with water shall be made of non-ferrous metals or materials having suitable corrosion resisting properties. All pipe and fittings between relief valves and the hot water tank shall be of non-ferrous metals.
D. Relief valves shall be marked by the manufacturer, by stamping or casting in the metal of the valve, or on a metal tag permanently attached to the valve, as follows:
1. Manufacturer's name or registered trade mark.
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2. The type or style, or the type and style, of the valve.
3. The pressure setting of the valve in pounds per square inch.
4. The temperature setting in degrees Fahrenheit.
5. Temperature relieving capacity in B.T.U. per hour.
Notwithstanding the requirements of paragraph B of this section, the protective devices specified therein shall not be required in the case of that portion of tankless water heaters which contain water to be heated or stored under the provisions of section seventeen. Said portion of tankless water heaters shall be equipped with a pressure relief valve and an automatic tempering device, set to deliver water not exceeding one hundred and eighty degrees Fahrenheit and located between said tankless water heater and any hot water supply pipe which it serves.
All pipes and fittings between the tankless water heater and the pressure relief valve and the tempering device shall be of non- ferrous metals. All parts of the tempering device which are in contact with the water shall be of non-ferrous metals or other materials having suitable corrosion-resisting properties. Said temper- ing device shall be marked by the manufacturer by casting or stamping in the metal of the device, or on a metal tag permanently attached to the device, as follows:
1. Manufacturer's name or registered trade name.
2. The type or style, or the type and style, of the device.
3. The temperature settings, in degrees Fahrenheit, plainly marked.
E. Temperature and pressure relief valves, and other devices referred to in this section shall be subject to the approval of the inspectors of plumbing or other proper authorities.
F. All pipes and fittings in the circulating system between a hot water tank ard the heating device or appliance shall be non-ferrous, and of ample size so as to make it possible to heat seventy-five per cent of the available water in the tank without raising the temperature of any part of the water above two hundred and twelve degrees Fahrenheit.
G. No hot water tank shall be installed without being equipped with an approved device located so as to prevent any partial vacuum therein. Every water tank heater using coal, gas or oil fuel shall be properly connected to the nearest chimney or smoke pipe by a pipe of suitable size.
CROSS CONNECTIONS
Section 17. Any connection in piping, whereby a public or private water supply used for drinking or culinary purposes is connected with a secondary supply or a supply of questionable quality or whereby polluted matter may enter the supply used for drinking or culinary purposes, shall be considered a cross connection.
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No cross connection shall be installed. All cross connection installations shown by test or inspection to be of such type or condition inadequately to protect the drinking or culinary water supply shall be removed.
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