Oriole and Tower-Light, 1922-1927, Part 116

Author: Maryland State Normal School (Towson, Md.)
Publication date: 1922-1927
Publisher: Maryland State Normal School (Towson, Md.)
Number of Pages: 1024

USA > Maryland > Baltimore County > Towson > Oriole and Tower-Light, 1922-1927 > Part 116

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Before we left, the guide showed us the pottery made by us in the Industrial Arts class by the coil method. It had been taken there to be fired. It made a poor appearance beside the uniform, even dishes and bowls made at Bennett's, but we had made it and we thought it was al- right.

"Turn, turn, my wheel! Turn round and round,

Without a pause, without a sound; So spins the flying world away!

This clay, well mixed with marl and sand

Follows the motion of my hand,

For some must follow, and some command.

Though all are made of clay!" From ."Keramos" by Longfellow. Glenn H. Algire, Sr. 10.

HOW DISHES ARE MADE AT THE BENNETT POTTERY WORKS ..

The dishes at the pottery works are manufactured in three ways: by the press method, by jiggering, and by the pouring method. I will not attempt to describe all of the pro- cesses fully, but will only give the main steps in each method.

hand. The articles made by this method are platters and oval shaped bowls.

The Jiggering Process. - This process is very much like the press method except that instead of mould- ing the outside of the dish by hand, the mold containing the clay to be moulded, is placed in a rapidly ro- tating potter's wheel. As the mold rotates, a form attached to a lever over the mold, is pressed down on the clay, shaping it to fit the form. The articles made in this way are round dishes such as plates, cups, saucers and round bowls.

The Pouring Method .- The pour- ing method differs from the other methods described. The mold is made to fit the shape of the out- side of the article desired. The clay which is put into these molds is mixed with water until it is a thin paste called slip. The slip is poured into these molds. Each mold must be entirely full of slip. The plaster of Paris mold soon absorbs the moisture from the slip touching the mold, thus causing a thin, hard lay- er of clay to form on the inside. sur- face of the mold. When the layer of clay has formed the desired thick- ness, the remaining slip is poured out and the clay left within the

mold is allowed to dry.

Regardless of the method used in moulding the dish into shape, the next step in completing it is the same for each kind. The dishes are allowed to dry enough to handle, then they are put into sagars, tile containers, and put into a pottery

kiln.

In this kiln they are heated

to about 2400 degrees Fahrenheit

When this heat is reached, the kiln is allowed to cool off gradually. The pottery is removed, dipped in a liquid glaze and allowed to dry. This dipped pottery is placed in specially constructed kilns and fired for about 48 hours-a com- paratively short time.

If you will look carefully on the bottom of a plate, you will see three little scars in the glazing, all spaced were caused by tiny knobs which an equal distance apart. These were, on the pottery to hold it in place during the manufacturing process. When the plates were re- moved from the glazing kiln these knobs were very sharp, like the points of needles. The knobs are knocked off by tapping them with a small, blunt instrument. If no de- coration is to be put on the dishes they are now ready to be shipped.

Preparing Clay For Potteryware.

When I visited the Bennett Pot- tery Works I thought I was going there to see how dishes were made from clay, but when I arrived I found that my imagination had eliminated one very important step,

had above, on the third floor, we The Press Method .- This process consists essentially in shaping a piece of clay, which has been pressed out thin, over a plaster of Paris seen them tapering as they passed out through the roof. The heat was intense ten feet away from the kiln. The guide showed us a little peep mold. The outside of the mold shapes the inside of the dish. The hole through which we could see the cases containing the pottery. The outside of the dish is shaped by the preparation of the clay.

Page 6

TOWER LIGHT.

June, 1926

The clay from which the various! articles are made is not a simple product as some may suppose, but it is a mixture of eight kinds of clay. To prepare the clay for making pot- teryware the various kinds, in prop- er proportions, are put into a mill. This mill is a very huge cylindrical affair. It serves both to mix the clays thoroughly and to grind the mass up until it is very fine. In this mill the clay is mixed with water until it is a thin paste. From the mills the clay runs down into a

large bin. However. before it reaches the bin it passes over mag- netized iron which removes all traces of iron from the clay. The clay is next forced by powerful pumps into clay presses, where all of the excess moisture is removed. The mixture is now in a usable form (chemically ) bnt since it is removed from the press in large slabs which are hard to handle, it is put through a machine which molds it into large rolls called pugs. Each png is about two feet long and eight inches in diameter. These pugs can now be conveyed to any part of the building, where they are made into various articles of potteryware.

The department in which the dishes were decorated was a most in- teresting one to me. By far the greater part of the designs are or- dered stamped on paper. The paper with the design printed on it is placed on the dish with a varnish and rubbed with a small brush. The mineral color on the paper comes off on the dish and the paper can easily be washed off. The dish is next fired in a kiln for a short time to fnse the coloring matter into the clay.

There were two other methods of decorating, the spray and the de- sign painted on the rims of dishes.

In the spray method the coloring was applied in a liquid form. It was sprayed on from an apparatus somewhat like an atomizer, except the air was supplied from a com- pressed aid tank.

The gilt, which is put on the rims of glasses, tea cups, saucers, bowls, etc., is applied in a very simple man- ner. The dish is set on a rotating pottery wheel. As it rotates slowly a brush tip which is filled with gilt paint is held to the rim of the dish. These decorations necessitate another firing in the same manner as the one first described. The dishes are now ready to be packed for ship- ment .- Parley Huff.

THANKS, LITTLE FRIENDS.

School No. 25, May 28, 192 . Dear Miss Tall :-

Thank you for bringing the bus. I was glad to come to your school. Flowers were growing. Grass was

growing. Wo was picking flowers[

too. The dandelions had white hair. We gave some flowers to Miss Kelso. Miss Lutz liked us. Miss Kelso came

in the bus with us. We saw chick- ens, we saw pigs, a cow. We saw nests. we saw a red bird. I saw a robin. Thank you for giving us all that eat. We mean the food.

Please come to this school to see the kindergarten.

Thanks for the music the girls made. Thanks for the see-saw.

Thank you to play the music for us. Good-bye, From Number Twenty-Five

Kindergarten.

WASHINGTON COUNTY ENG- LISH COMMITTEES.

Normal School is well represented. On eight committees totalling forty we note the following chairmen: Grade HI-Naomi Harsh; Grade 5- Helen Cox; Grade Vl-Anne Rich- ardson; Members of Committees -- Grade 1, Cleo Snyder, Leonilda Weaver; Grade 2, Alice Garver; Grade IV. Mary Martin, Rachel Remsburg; Grade VII, Frances Grimes; Grade V, Mary Potterfield, Marguerite Stoner, Goldie Blicken- staff; Grade VI, Lavinia Moore, Lo- lita Downin, Edna Kretsinger, Mar- tha Seaman; Grade VIII, Mary Le- men.

JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER ---

'Be sure that you are not deceiv- ing yourself at any time about actual conditions."

A CORRECTION.

In the May issue of Tower Light the article entitled "The Beauty of the Commonplace" is credited to Grace Whitson, Jr. 5. It should be credited to the whole section. The arrangement of material was by the above named young lady.

MASON'S GARAGE

WILLYS-KNIGHT & OVERLAND SALES AND SERVICE

TIRES, TUBES, ACCESSORIES York Road and Willow Avenue Phone Towson 554 Towson, Md.

TOWSON SHOE STORE

L. ECKER, Prop. York & Joppa Roads

Friedman-Shelby All-Leather Shoes. First Class Shoe Repairing.

A FRIEND TO THE ORIOLE

M. AGNES ANDERSON

"Say It With Flowers" ISAAC H. MOSS, Inc. FLORIST and NURSERYMAN

Office: Cut Flower and Plant Dept. 5315 York Road

Nursery: Gittings and Bellona Aves. Govans, Baltimore, Maryland.

CHARLES STREET

AT LEXINGTON

O Neill's

BALTIMORE

MARYLAND

APPAREL FOR THE COLLEGE GIRLS

And all the Smart Accessories

MAIL ORDERS FILLED PROMPTLY

Established 1873 A. H. FETTING MANUFACTURING JEWELRY CO.

Manufacturers of Greek Letter Fraternity Jewelry DIAMONDS FINE JEWELRY

213 N. LIBERTY STREET

BALTIMORE, MD

Compliments 0,

THE BLACK & DECKER MFG. CO.

TOWSON, MD.

Page 7

TOWER LIGHT.

June, 1926

CAMPUS DAY IN THE GLEN.

SENIOR SEVEN PAINTS THE GLEN GREEN.

Senior 7's wood project in Indus- trial Arts took us to the Glen, where we planned to ply our skill as car- DRAMATIZE ROMANCE OF COTTON. penters, change the spot into a mod- ern up-to-date picnic ground, and present it to the future picnicers as A dramatic portrayal of the ro- mance of the cotton industry in the - United States was given by pupils of the Girls' Vocational School recently. The story was written and drama- tized by M. Martha Buttner, a teach- er at the school. Miss Buttner is one of the most promising of our '21 M. S. N. S. graduates. a cozy, furnished retreat. The first problem confronting us was how to get down to our place of business. This question was easily solved by those who had discovered the technique of locomotion down the hill; for the others, the trip meant a slow, painful, not . to mention awkward waddle, interrupted by A student at the Girls' Vocational frequent ejaculations of disgust as School of Baltimore spends three a twig probed a piece of filmy hos-hours each day at trade work and iery. Usually a rapid step near the three hours in the class room, where foot of the hill initiated a precipit-'she continues her academic training ous bolt which refused to halt even and studies those subjects related to her trade. at the injunctions of our sensory neurones.

Arrived at the Glen, we began work, some putting together a bench; others painting a table, and others contributing their talent to the erection of an open air cupboard. After a period of labor, both manual and motor, we confessed a desire for liquid refreshment and hailed with delight the appearance of two girls, together clasping a jar to their chests. On exploration of the in- side of the jar the lemonade was found to be sans a cooling agency, and after a few sips by necessarily parched members, the material was fed to the birds.

On checking up the results of the class' united efforts, we noted with satisfaction the cupboard, the iron table for preparing food and the serving table, both neatly painted; the several benches, and, as we laid aside our tools and begin the arduous climb up the hill, we looked proudly

the picture we had helped to paint. | 25th, requesting Our sentiment is, that other things being equal, the Glen is now a credit to the school.

Yetta Brickman.

been studied in the Industrial His- tory Class. The costumes and the dresses in the review were the win- ning designs submitted in a contest by the students and reproduced in the trade rooms of the school. A pro- logue showing King Cotton and his court, which was made up of girls representing popular cotton mater- ials, was the direct outcome of the study of Textiles.

The initiative and ability displayed by each student in her part in the production were rated and formed part of her class average.

SOME INTERESTING LETTERS

March 26, 1926.

Miss Mary Morningstar,

Md. State Normal School,

Dear Miss Morningstar:

We have your postal of March

bulletins on the clay industries, and same pertains particularly to

the material we handle. 1 regret very much that we have nothing I feel that will be par- ticularly useful to you in this line, but take pleasure in inclosing what we have.

It might be of general interest to you to know that all structural tile, commonly known as hollow tile or terra cotta, is made out of two dif- ferent kinds of clay, namely: Shale and Fire Clay. The former, Shale, is a stratified, fine grained clay, de- posited in the water, prior to the present geological era, possesses a well defined parallel cleavage and has become more or less indurated by pressure. It is usually red.

Fire Clay is a stratified clay, laid down prior to the present geological era, frequently, but not always, as- fsociated with the coal measures, varying from a comparatively soft to an indurated rock-like structure which shows conchoidal fracture. It usually fires to a dark color and, ow- ing to its lower content of fluxes, is more desistant to higher tempera- ture than the red burning clays.

There is another clay that is sometimes used, but produces infer- ior productions and this is known as surface clay. Surface Clay is an un- stratiffed. unconsolidated, plastic clay, carrying more or less sand, laid down on the flood plains of rivers or in lakes, or deposited by the glacial ice chest and hence geologically of recent origin. This type of clay is usually red burning except when naturally blended with finely di- vided carbonate of lime, when it assumes a cream or buff color upon firing.

Salt glazed tile is a product of shale or fire clay that is glazed in burning by the introduction of com- mon salt into the kiln, while hot,

The play provided an opportunity for the review of the American cot- and not a little regretfully back at|ton industry, which had previously ] which vaporizes and enters into a

On May 21, 1926, the Dressmaking and Design Classes of the new Girls' Vocational School of Baltimore gave a cotton show which was a summar- ization and a test of their first year's work.

The play was in two parts.

In 1862, Betty Jenkins, a lovely young daughter of the South, leaves a stay-at-home suitor to marry the brave blockade runner, Chartes War- ren. With the help of her Mammy Riah she contrives a complete cotton trousseau. Betty Warren, as sales manager of the Warren Cotton Mills, plans a cotton fashion revue to enter- tain a young buyer who has placed a large order with her firm. She

follows in her grandmother's foot- steps by showing an obvious prefer- ence for the young buyer instead of Mr. Darley, who is more devoted to golf than to the cotton industry.

June, 1926

TOWER LIGHT.

Page 8

chemical combination with the sil- ica of the clay. thus forming a glassy coating or glaze ou the ex- posed inner and outer surface of the tile. A salt glazed tile is resistant to the action of most acids and other chemical agencies and vapors, and has no surface absorption where the glaze is intact.

Vitrefied Tile is a product which has been fired to a temperature that has resulted in incipient softening and contraction of the clay, so that the open pore space has been partly or almost entirely eliminated and the structure has become more or less impervious to penetration of water. A vitrefied tile is nearly im- pervious and generally has a very low average absorption value.

These clays are mixed with water and are masticated until they have the proper consistency and are usu- ally forced through a die coming out in perfect form. They are then cut off at the proper length with the proper allowance made for shrinkage to take place during the firing process. This shrinkage factor varies with the different clays, the temperature of the firing they are subject to, and due allowance may be made for same.

Manufacture of brick is based upon the same principle as tile, ex- said on this very big subject-LUM- cept in some cases the brick is BER-that without knowing your special wishes and without the time ito give the subject special prepara- tion and thought, hardly know where to make a beginning. In the Reserved for Hochschild=Kohn & Co. short time at my command. I will try to give you a little composition and a few facts which I trust will be interesting to you and your class-mates and stimulate your de- sire to gather further knowledge on a subject which affects the comfort and happiness of every person- TREES and LUMBER.

Phone, Mt. Vernon 1052

J. TROCKENBROT & CO.

324 W. Saratoga Street

Opp. Brager's Baltimore, Md. Original and Special Designs to Order We Can Duplicate Any Pin Makers of State Normal Pins & Rings

If You Have Any Cleaning, Dyeing, Hemstitching or Pleating to be Done,

See

Miss E. W. JANNEY 319 York Road

Special Rates For Students.

pressed in moulds for the shape and size desired. before they are fired. There is no indication what color brick will be after it is fired, by look- ing at the original clay, unless a chemical analysis is made of the clay contents. A clay that is a very light color, may produce a dark red brick, and this is also influenced due to the, position of the brick in the kiln. The brick in the hottest part of the kiln and subject to the great- est heat will be of a darker color.

This is just a general outline of the basic principles and the facts in- volved for the manufacture of the productions we make, and of course, it could be very much elaborated upon. If you feel that I can be of any further assistance to you, I trust you will not hesitate to call upon me. Very truly yours,

WM. V. PIERSON, District Manager.

Shady Side, Md., Sept. 25, 1924.

Miss Marjorie Parks, Tracy's Landing, Md.

Dear Marjorie:

Your letter dated Sept. 19 asking for some "information regarding lumber" is at hand.

There is so much that might be

When the Pilgrim first landed on the Massachusetts shore, probably his first display of manual labor was the cutting of a tree for fuel, and next the cutting of more trees for shelter. Immediately following this effort for warmth and shelter came the pressing demand for food, neces- sitating the removal of more timber growth, so that by cultivation of the soil a sufficient supply of food was assured. The same conditions which confronted the Pilgrims in Massachusetts were met by Sir Wal- ter Raleigh's colonists in Virginia, the Huguenots in the Carolinas and

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THE HERGENRATHER DRUG co.

Prescription Druggists And Hergenrather's Gift Store 509 York Road

Are Headquarters for School Supplies

Kodaks, Films, Stationery, Spald-

ing's Sporting Goods,

Keds

and

Sweaters; Greeting Cards for all Occasions. Supreme Ice Cream and Soda Water. Agents for Water-, man's Ideal Fountain Pens, Whit- man's Delicious Chocolates and Bon- Bons.

WILLIAM KOERNER

A shave? Just step this way, sir. A hair cut?' Take that chair. You wish to phone? You may, sir. A shoe-shine? Over there. A match? The cigar stand, sir. A manicure? This way.

That girl will hold your hand, sir. Thanks. Call again. Good-day.

STEWART&CO.

THE BIG

FRIENDLY STORE OF BALTIMORE.

Our Service Motto :

Honest, Prompt, Courteous, Complete.

June, 1926

TOWER LIGHT.

Page 9

by the Spaniards in Florida and in country until about 1840, the forests the Gulf States-everywhere a solid, 'on both slopes of the Appalachian compact forest front-at every mountain range were largely wasted

point where our forefathers were by the ax and fire, to make room for

endeavoring to make a home the home and field. Since 1840. but forest was a barrier and a menace to more especially since the Civil War, civilization. For more than- two'the forests have been utilized with hundred years this practice of for- less waste. But including all that

est destruction,

to obtain tillable has been wasted in clearing the land

fields, offered the only opportunity for farming and all that has been

home building and national cut for timber and other uses, there for

growth. As late as 1840 forest is still standing and untouched more products had no commercial value growth in the United States than all and the feeble attempts to make of that has been cut into lumber by wood growth, in any form, a market- men since the landing of the Pil-

able commodity, yielded

but a grims.

meager reward to labor, and nothing Statistics gathered by the Federal Government as to the stand of tim- ber in the United States (not includ- ing Alaska) in 1911 was given as for the raw material. Nothing was so cheap ax forest growth, no build- ing material so available. The more that could be used for fuel, home| 2,826,000,000.000 feet. Of this to- tal 55 per cent. is reported as stand- ing in the States of Washington, Or- egon, California, Idaho and Montana.

building, barns, fences, road build- ing and structures of all kinds, the more easily and cheaply would the cultivated field supplant the forest.

In this environment our people have grown accustomed to the use of wood as a building material, so that today in the United States the use of wood for fuel and building material is nearly ten times greater per capita than in any other civil- ized country. This free use of for- est growth, still a nation-wide prac- tice, is largely so because it is still cheaper and more available than other materials. Within last

the twenty years iron and steel have vir- tually supplanted lumber for per- manent heavy construction, and more recently concrete has displaced lum- . ber to a large degree. To what fur- ther extent iron, steel, concrete and glass will be substituted for lumber is scarcely a matter of conjecture, for it is possible further to eliminate wood from the list of building mater- ials. The extent of its future use will depend on the preference of the consumer for wooden structures over steel or concrete and its cost. The future values of lumber as a build-

ing material will not be fixed so much by its scarcity as the forests diminish as by the keen competition of its substitutes. After all, this is the usual way that nature and man- kind work out most of the problems pertaining to the necessities of life.

We need have no fear of the tim- berless age, for it will not arrive, but we should direct our thought and energy to the sane conservation of what we have. to the reproduction of forest growth on lands unfit for agriculture, and encourage economic conditions which will prevent forest waste, but we need not hesitate to use freely what is needed from the forest, for with the enlarged use of substitutes, the lessening of forest waste and the practice of forest re- production, there will be no lack of forest products.

From the early settlement of our

In the three States of Washington, Oregon and California there is re- ported to be 1,318,000,000,000 feet or 46 per cent. of all the standing timber in the United States. The Sierra Nevada mountain range in California and the Cascade mountain range in Oregon and Washington. are practically one continuous range, traversing the country north and south, distant from the Pacific Ocean from 100 to 200 miles. Between this range of mountains and the Pacific, from the Canadian line on the north and as far south as San Francisco in California. there is standing today 40 per cent. of all the merchantable timber in the United States. In this zone of tem- perate climate and abundant moist- ure the forest growth has reached its highest stage for size of the individ- ual tree and density of stand, and beyond doubt it surpasses any other standing of timber on the globe for size, quality and density and acces- sibility to water and rail transporta- tion.

The lumber production 'in the

United States has in the past reached the maximum of 42,000,000,000 feet, but for the last two or three years has been averaging around 35,000.000,000 feet.

At the present time the Southern pine industry on the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts is supplying approxi- mately 12,000,000,000 feet and the production of the mixed woods in Montana, Idaho, Washington, Ore- gon and California is approximately 11,000,000,000 feet, the residue of the output being produced in nearly every State in the Union in relatively small quantities. At the present time the State of Washington leads in production, and Oregon ranks

second. Oregon has the largest

timber stand in the United States.

From these figures you can read- ily see that the bulk of our Inmber

is coming from the West Coast, a distance of about 3000 miles to the Atlantic seaboard. The great ex- pense of lumbering the West Coast montains and the cost of haul- ing across the continent and by the Panama Canal route to the East Coast has considerable to do with the prices which the retail lumber yards in our locality must ask. The aver- age railroad freight which we pay on a carload of Red Cedar Shingles from the State of Washington to Baltimore exceeds $400.00. To this must be added the cost of the shin- gles at a point of shipment and other handling expense.

There are two places in the United States which the writer has visited where one million feet or more is manufactured a day by one company. One location is Bogalusa, Louisiana, where the Great Southern Lumber Co. manufacture the amount stated a day consisting of long and short leaf yellow pine. The logs to [ keep this mill running night and day are often brought long distances, 50, 70 and 80 miles or more. Prac- tically everybody in this town de- pends on the lumber company and the population is ten thousand or more. This is a very far-sighted company and while they are cutting down trees at a rapid rate, they are also reforesting the land and it is their expectation, that by protecting the new and young growth from fire, that continuous supply will be available.

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Oriole and Tower-Light, 1922-1927, Part 116

Author: Maryland State Normal School (Towson, Md.) Publication date: 1922-1927 Publisher: Maryland State Normal School (Towson, Md.) Number of Pages: 1024

Author: Maryland State Normal School (Towson, Md.)
Publication date: 1922-1927
Publisher: Maryland State Normal School (Towson, Md.)
Number of Pages: 1024