USA > Maine > Penobscot County > History of Penobscot County, Maine; with illustrations and biographical sketches > Part 23
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WATER WORKS.
CITY HALL.
GRAMMAR SCHOOL ...
JOBPRINTING
COURT HOUSE
JAIL
CUSTOM HOUSE,
VIEW OF WATER WORKS AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS, BANGOR, MAINE.
75
HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE.
"The towns along the sea-coast, and on the banks of Penobscot and Union rivers, are the most fertile and populous." Castine was the shire-town or county seat. The population of Hancock county, by the first Federal census, taken the year of its erection, was 9,549. Ban- gor and adjacent places had 567; Brewer, with Orring- ton and adjacent places, 477; and Eddington, 110. In 1814 the county had 6,852 rateable polls, or about two- fifteenths of all in the State; with a valuation of $168,- 973. 13, and a ratio of $26.08 in the $1,000.
PENOBSCOT COUNTY.
The first county to be cut out of the immense tract of Hancock, and the ninth and last to be formed in the District of Maine before the separation from Massachus- etts, was the county of Penobscot. It was incorporated by act of the Massachusetts Legislature February 15, 1816, the law taking effect April Ist next following. It simply embraced all the northern part of Hancock, from north line of Frankfort and Bucksport to the Canada boundary. Bangor, already, as has been noticed, a half- shire town with Castine, was made the county seat; but all matters cognizable by the Supreme Court and arising in the new county, were still to be tried at Castine, and the jail of Hancock county was to be used in common with Penobscot for the term of three years.
The name of this county, according to Judge Godfey, was reported by the French in sixty different ways, dur- ing their occupancy to 1664. The principal was Pana- wanskake. The English-that is, the new Plymouth colonists-caught the word Penobscot, by which it was known as early as 1626. The Indian name was Penob- skeag, or Penobscook, suggested by the rocky falls just above Bangor-Penobsg (rock), uteral (a place)-a rocky place. In another dialect, Penopse (stone), anke (place)-the rock river. According to Mr. Springer au- thor of the entertaining book on Forest Life and Forest Trees, Penobscot, or Penobskeag, was the name of only. that part of the river from the head of tide-water above Oldtown. Below that section, he says, the stream was called Baum-tu-quai-took, the broad river, or "all waters united." Still another division of the river was called Gim-sit-i-cook, smooth or dead water. But whatever the origin of the name, or however it may have been ap- plied, the designation of the great and beautiful river, or of some part of it, was fitly transferred to the new county.
The first corps of county officers for Penobscot were Samuel E. Dutton, of Bangor, Judge of Probate; Allen Gilman, one of the earliest lawyers in that place, Regis- ter of Probate; Jacob McGaw, another of the pioneer lawyers, County Attorney; Thomas Cobb, also of Ban- gor, Clerk of the Courts; Jedediah Herrick, of Hamp- den, Sheriff ; John Wilkins, of Orrington, Register of Deeds and County Treasurer. As late as 1834 the salary attaching to the first of these offices was but $150, and the Register of Probate received but $324 as salary.
THE FIRST COURT-HOUSE
occupied by the new county was the frame building now owned by the city of Bangor, occupied as a city hall,
and standing on Columbia street, near Hammond, and nearly opposite the present court-house. It had been built, the tradition goes, in 1812-13, although Bangor was not made a half-shire town with Castine until 1814. The old structure has changed somewhat in appearance, having been removed to its present site, remodeled and repaired in 1850. It formerly stood upon the adjacent lot nearer Hammond street, and fronted upon Main street, or toward West Market Square. In it many of the British troops were quartered during their brief occupation of Bangor in 1814. It was occupied as the county court-house, as well as somewhat for relig- ious purposes before church edifices were put up here, until 1831, when the present temple of justice and official business, upon the site now occupied on Hammond street, between Court and Franklin, was erected at a cost of twenty thousand dollars. In 1859 the county bought from the city a part of the street in the rear of the court-house premises, about ten thousand square feet in all, for the sum of two thou- sand dollars. In 1858-59 the new jail, with Sheriff's residence attached, was put up at an expense of one hundred thousand dollars; and the county work-shop, west of the jail proper, a rather novel and most com- mendable institution, in 1875, costing twenty thousand dollars.
CHANGES IN THE COUNTY .*
The town of Corinna was not in the original assign- ment to Penobscot county. By an act of February 10, 1833, it was set off from Somerset, and annexed to this county.
March 23, 1838, Piscataquis county was incorporated, taking to the north line of it, then the State boundary, three ranges from Somerset county and, as may be stated with approximate accuracy, four ranges north of the line of Penobscot towns beginning with Dexter, from this county.
March 16, 1839, upon the erection of Aroostook county, Penobscot sustained the further loss of so much of the third, fourth and fifth ranges as lay north of Mattawamkeag, Kingman, and Drew Plantation. Later, March 21, 1843, a further cession was made to Aroostook of so much of the territory of Penobscot as lay in ranges six, seven and eight, north of the townships numbered eight. It may be noted also that the next year, March 12, 1844, all the former possession of this county north of the same line, but then in Piscataquis, was annexed to Aroostook, with enough more from the old tract of Somerset to make about sixty townships. By the same act the division lines between Penobscot and Washington and between Penobscot and Piscataquis, and Aroostook, were altered.
There has been no further subtraction from the Penob- scot area since the Aroostook annexation of 1843. Had the British succeeded in establishing the boundary line they claimed under the treaty of 1783, it would have cut off about the equivalent of three townships from the
* The several acts of the Legislature relating to the erection of the county and change of its area, will be found in the Appendix.
76
HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE.
present northern part of the county, and very much more as the county lay at the time the claim was pressed.
THE CIVIL LIST.
Penobscot county has contributed her full share to the roll of civil and well as military honor in the Pine-tree State. Her sons have done grand service to the Nation and the Commonwealth, through more than two genera- tions. We give a civil list as nearly complete as possible :
Hannibal Hamlin, Speaker of the Maine House of Representatives 1837 and 1839; Representative in Con_ gress, 1843-47; Senator of the United States, 1857-61, and 1869-81 ; Governor of the State, 1858; Vice-President of the United States, 1861-65.
REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS.
William D. Williamson, of Bangor, 1821-23; Samuel Butnam, Dixmont, 1827-30; Gorham Parks, Bangor, 1833-37 ; Elisha H. Allen, Bangor, 1841-43 (now Chan- cellor of the Sandwich Islands and their Minister to the United States); Hannibal Hamlin, Hampden, 1843-47; Charles Stetson, Bangor, 1849-51 ; Israel Washburn, jr., Orono, 1851-60; John A. Peters, Bangor, 1867-73; Samuel F. Hersey, Bangor, 1873-75; Harris M. Plais- ted, 1875-77; George W. Ladd, 1879-83.
GOVERNORS OF THE STATE.
William D. Williamson, Bangor, (acting,) 1821; Ed- ward Kent, Bangor, 1838 and 1840; Hannibal Hamlin, Hampden, 1857; Israel Washburn, jr., Orono, 1861- 62; Daniel F. Davis, Corinth, 1880; Harris M. Plaisted, Bangor, 1881. Penobscot county has thus furnished about one-fifth of the Governors of Maine.
SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT.
This was established here October 2, 1821. Present at this first session: Prentiss Mellen, of Portland, Chief Justice; William Pitt Preble, and Nathan Weston, jr., Associate Justices ; Isaac Hodsdon, of Bangor, Clerk ; Josiah Brewer, of Brewer, Crier ; George W. Brown, of Bangor, Foreman of Grand Jury; Nathaniel Burrill, Foreman of Traverse Jury, first panel; Daniel Wilkins, Foreman of the second panel. The first actions were those transferred from the Supreme Judicial Court held at Castine, June term, 1821.
John Appleton, Bangor, Associate Justice May II, 1852, to October 24, 1862, and Chief Justice since the latter date; Joshua W. Hathaway, Bangor, May II, 1852, to May 10, 1859; Jonas Cutting, Bangor, April 20, 1854; reappointed April 20, 1861, and April 20, 1868, served till 1869; Edward Kent, Bangor, May II, 1859; reappointed May 11, 1866, served till 1873; John A. Peters, Bangor, May 20, 1873; reappointed May 20, 1880, and now serving.
Reporters of the Court .- John Appleton, Bangor, March 5, 1841, to January 22, 1842 (volumes 19 and 20 of the decisions).
STATE OFFICES. *
Presidents of the Senate .- William D. Williamson, Bangor, 1821; Samuel H. Blake, Bangor, 1842; Samuel
Butman, Dixmont, 1853; Franklin Muzzy, Bangor, 1855; Josiah Crosby, Dexter, 1868; Charles Buffum, Orono, 1871; John B. Foster, Bangor, 1873.
Secretaries of the Senate. - Daniel Sanborn, Bangor, 1841; Ezra C. Brett, Oldtown, 1863.
Speakers of the House. - Hannibal Hamlin, Hamp- den, 1837 and 1839; Elisha H. Allen, Bangor, 1838; George P. Sewall, Oldtown, 1851; Lewis Barker, Stet- son, 1867; Edward B. Nealley, Bangor, 1877; Henry Lord, Bangor, 1878.
Clerks of the House. - Thomas McGaw, Bangor, 1831; E. W. Flagg, Bangor, 1849; George W. Wilcox, Dixmont, 1857; S. J. Chadbourne, East Dixmont, 1868. Secretary of State .- S. J. Chadbourne, East Dixmont, 1876.
State Treasurer. - Silas C. Hatch, Bangor, 1874.
Attorney-Generals .- Jonathan P. Rogers, Bangor, 1832; Samuel H. Blake, Bangor, 1848; G. W. Ingersoll, Ban- gor, 1850; John A. Peters, Bangor, 1864; Harris M. Plaisted, Bangor, 1873.
Adjutant-Generals. - Isaac Hodsdon, Bangor, 1841; Albert Tracy, Bangor, 1852; John L. Hodsdon, Bangor, 1861-66; Melville M. Folson, Oldtown (acting), 1879.
Land Agents. - John Hodsdon, Bangor, 1834-47, Elijah L. Hamlin, Bangor, 1838 and 1841; Levi Bradley, Levant, 1842; Isaac R. Clark, Bangor, 1855, 1864-67, and 1879; James Walker, Bangor, 1856; Noah Barker, Exeter, 1857; Edwin C. Burleigh, Bangor, 1876-77.
JUDGES OF THE COMMON PLEAS.
The Circuit Court of Common Pleas, for the third Eastern District, was established July 2, 1816. William Crosby, of Belfast, presided as Chief Justice; Martin Kinsley, of Hampden, Justice; Thomas Cobb, Clerk; James Poor, of Brewer, Crier. David Perham, of Brewer, afterwards of Bangor, was presiding Justice from 1823 to 1839.
William Crosby, Chief Justice, presided to 1822; Eze- kiel Whitman, of Portland, Chief Justice in 1826, '31, '32, and 34; James Campbell, November, 1816; Sam- uel E. Smith, 1824-30; John Huggles, of Thomaston, 1831- 34, presided as Justices.
This Court was abolished May 12, 1839, and the Dis- trict Court for the Eastern District was established, May 28, 1839. Anson G. Chandler and Frederic H. Allen, were the Justices; Charles Stetson, Clerk; Charles C. Cushman, County Attorney; J. Wingate Carr, Sheriff.
The following Justices have presided : - Anson G. Chandler, 1839-43; Frederic H. Allen, of Bangor, 1839-49; Daniel Goodenow, 1847; Joshua W. Hatha- way, of Bangor, 1849-52. This Court was abolished in 1852, and all law business is transacted in the Su- preme Judicial Court.
The Circuit Court of Common Pleas for the third Eastern District, established July 2, 1816, and sitting as a Court of Sessions, held their first session in Bangor on that day. Present : William Crosby, of Belfast, Chief Justice ; Martin Kinsley, of Hampden, Justice ; Moses Patten, of Bangor, and Moses Greenleaf, of Williams- burg, Session Justices; Thomas Cobb, Clerk.
* The roll of State Senators and Representatives from Penobscot county has necessarily to be postponed to the Appendix.
77
HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE.
Chief Justices of this Court .- Enoch Brown, 1819-22; John Godfrey, 1823-24 ; Amos Patten, 1825-26; Ed- ward Kent, 1827-28 ; Thomas A. Hill, 1829-30 ; all of Bangor.
Associate Justices .- Isaac Hodsdon, 1820-21 ; and Seba French, 1821-31, of Bangor ; Ephraim Goodale, of Orrington, 1821-31; and Joseph Kelsey, 1831. The last session of this Court was held April 5, 1831.
THE PROBATE COURT
is held on the last Tuesday in each month.
Judges .- Samuel E. Dutton, 1816-19; David Par- ham, 1820-21 ; Martin Kinsley, 1822-23 ; William D. Williamson, 1824-39; Samuel Cony, 1840-46; E. G. Rawson, 1847-53; Daniel Sanborn, 1854-56 ; John E. Godfrey, 1857-80 ; Elliot Walker, 1881.
Registers .- Allen Gilman, 1816-19 ; Alexander Sav- age, 1820-35 ; Mason S. Palmer, 1836-40 ; Henry V. Poor, 1841 ; John Williams, 1842-49 ; Joseph Bartlett, 1857-68 ; Ambrose C. Flint, 1869-78; John F. Robin- son, 1879.
THE COURT OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS
was established in 1831, and held its first session Sep- tember 3, 1831. Thomas A. Hill, Chairman. This Court has held its sessions four terms each year, quar- terly, with an adjourned session on the first Tuesday of each month, from that time to the present. Its chief business now relates to roads, bridges, and ferries. The clerk is the County Clerk of the Courts .*
COUNTY OFFICERS.
The officers of the county are the Commissioners, Clerk of the Courts, County Attorney, Register of Deeds, Treasurer, Sheriff, and Jailor, Deputy Sheriffs, Coroners, Judge of Probate, and Register of Probate.
County Clerks : Thomas Cobb, 1816-20 ; (Mr. Cobb was Clerk from 1802, in Hancock and this county). Isaac Hodsdon, 1821-37 ; Charles Stetson, 1838-41 ; Isaac S. Whitman, 1841-42 ; William T. Hilliard, 1842- 52 ; Nathan Weston, jr., 1853-58 ; Augustus S. French, 1859-64; Ezra C. Brett, 1865-76; James H. Burgess, 1877-79 ; Ruel Smith, 1880.
Sheriffs : Daniel Wilkins, 1829-36 ; Joshua Carpen- ter, 1836-37 ; Otis Small, 1837-38; J. Wingate Carr, 1838-39 and '41 ; Hastings Strickland, 1839-40 and 42-43; Jabez True, 1843-50 ; John S. Chadwick, 1850-53, and '61-64 ; Francis W. Hill, 1853-54 ; Charles D. Gilmore, 1854-55, and 1857-60 ; John H. Wilson, 1855-56, and 1865-74 ; Simon G. Jerard, 1875-78 ; Louis F. Stratton, 1879.
Registers of Deeds : John Wilkins, 1814-24; Charles Rice, 1825-31 ; Stevens Davis, 1832-34; Jefferson Chamberlain, 1842-57 ; John Goodale, jr., 1858-67 ; Amos E. Hardy, 1868.
County Treasurers : John Wilkins, 1817-26; Charles Rice, 1826-31 ; Levi Bradley, 1832-37 ; Abner Taylor,
1837-38 ; Isaac C. Haynes, 1838-45 ; John S. Chadwick, 1845-50 ; Edward H. Burr, 1850-53; Thomas A. Tay- lor, 1853-54 ; Ambrose C. Flint, 1854-69 ; Horace J. Nickerson, 1870-78 ; Levi Bradley, 1879-80 ; Miner D. Chapman, 1881.
County Attorneys : John Godfrey, 1825.33 ; Albert G. Jewett, 1833-38 ; William H. McCrillis, 1838-39 ; Charles C. Cushman, 1839-42 ; George B. Moody, 1841- 42 ; Gorham Parks, 1843-45 ; Isaiah Waterhouse, 1846- 51 ; Asa Waterhouse, 1852 ; John H. Hilliard, 1856-58; Charles Crosby, 1859-61 ; Charles P. Stetson, 1862-73 ; Jasper Hutchings, 1874-79 ; Benjamin H. Mace, 1880.
CHAPTER VIII.
LAND TITLES-GROWTH.
The Muscongus or Waldo Patent-The Twelve Townships Grant -- Mt. Desert-Grant to Soldiers, East of Union River-Eddington- The Eastern Lands-Grants "for the Encouragement of Literature" -Original Proprietorship in Penobscot County-The Lottery Lands -Division of Lands between Maine and Massachusetts-Growth of the County-Dates of Settlement of the Towns-Statistics of Pop- ulation-Comparative View from 1790 to 1880-Statistics of Tax- ation, Wealth, Business, etc .- The Shipping Interest-The First Steamboat-The Lumber Interest-The Ice Industry.
THE MUSCONGUS PATENT.
The first subdivision of lands in Maine, affecting the Penobscot country, was under the Muscongus or Waldo patent, granted by the Plymouth Council, March 2, 1630, to Beauchamp and Leverett, of Boston, in England, and, nearly a century afterwards, taking the name of the Waldo patent, from the family designation of its then principal proprietors. It included about one million of acres, or thirty miles square, and was not made for immediate purposes of sale, settlement, or civil government, but solely to secure to the grantees a monopoly of the trade in that quarter with the Indians, whose consent to the grant or cession of the lands does not seem to have been considered as in any way necessary. The original sur- vey of the patent, probably, did not enter at any point the present Penobscot county; at all events, the north line of the Patent was subsequently settled as being upon the south line of this county west of the Penobscot- that is, upon the boundary of Hampden, Newburg and Dixmont. In 1785 the Government proposed to the Waldo proprietors that the thirty-mile tract should be surveyed and set apart for them, if they would quiet the titles of all settlers found upon it, who were in possession before April 19, 1775, and execute a release to all other lands they claimed under the patent. The proposal was accepted; but the survey made ran so far to the west as to include several townships held under the Plymouth Patent. A re-survey became necessary, and was ordered February 23, 1798. Thomas Davis was appointed agent of the Government, to assign to the Waldo proprietors a tract above the north line of their territory equal to that they had lost by the re-survey. He selected for them four townships now among the most valuable in this
* The above notes, concerning the courts and their officers, are con- tributed by E. F. Duren, esq., of Bangor. We add that the first ses- sion of the Supreme Judicial Court of Maine, in Bangor, began Octo- ber 2, 1821, and held for five days. Justices Mellen, Weston, and Preble were then on the Supreme Bench.
78
HISTORY OF PENOBSCOT COUNTY, MAINE.
county, reserving only the lots of settlers already upon them. They were Bangor, 18,740 acres; Hampden, 22,188; Hermon, 24,360; and Newburg, 17,497-84,- 785 acres in all. To this extent, then, the county of Penobscot may be held to have been in some sense within the Waldo Patent. The assignment to the pro- prietors was made February 5, 1800. About 3,200 acres from these townships afterwards reverted to the Govern- ment, and were divided between Maine and Massachus- etts in the arrangement of May 21, 1828.
THE TWELVE TOWNSHIPS.
In 1762, the settlements about Penobscot, and to the east of it, multiplying somewhat rapidly under the in- creased feeling of security produced by the erection of Fort Pownall, many petitions were sent to the Provincial authorities for the concession of lands. Twelve town- ships, each to be six miles square, or its equivalent, were accordingly granted by the General Court, in the expec- tation that the Crown would confirm the grant. The townships were to be laid out east of the Penobscot River, in a regular contiguous manner. Six of them fell upon the east side of Union River, which took its name as the line of meeting for the halves of the grants, the other six townships lying between it and the St. Croix. The former six were granted to David Marsh and 359 others named in the patents; the latter to several bodies of petitioners. Mr. Williamson gives the follow- ing account of the conditions of the grant:
These grantees, as voluntary associates and tenants in common, individually bound themselves, their heirs and assigns, in a penal bond of £50, conditioned to lay out no one of the townships more than six miles in extent, on the bank of the Penobscot or on the seacoast; to present to the General Court for their acceptance plans of the survey by the 3Ist of the ensuing July; to settle each township with sixty Protestant families within six years, after obtaining the King's appro" bation, and build as many dwelling-houses, at least eighteen feet square; also to fit for tillage three hundred acres of land, erect a meet- ing-house, and settle a minister. There were reserved in each township one lot for parsonage purposes, another for the first settled minister, a third for Harvard college, and a fourth for the use of schools.
In these and all other conveyances of the Crown lands lying between Sagadahock and St. Croix, the patents or deeds were signed by the Governor and Speaker, countersigned by the Provincial Secretary and conditioned, according to the restrictive clause in the charter, to be valid whenever they were confirmed by the King-otherwise without effect. The names also of the patentees were inserted, the boundaries described, and the conditions expressed; each patent closing with a proviso that the grantee "yield one-fifth part of all the gold and silver ore and precious stones found therein."
In a narrative of certain well-known military events upon the Castine peninsula in 1779, dated 1781, and entitled Siege of Penobscot by the Rebels, with an Ac- count of the Country of Penobscot, by John Calef, vol- unteer, we find the following record of these townships, with some notes of progress:
At the end of the last war, viz., in 1763, the General Assembly of Massachusetts Bay granted thirteen townships, each of six miles square, lying on the east side of Penobscot river, to thirteen companies of pro- prietors, who proceeded to lay out the said townships, and returned plans thereof to the General Assembly, which were approved and ac- cepted. In consequence of this measure, about sixty families settled on each township, and made great improvements of the land.
The settlers employed the then agent for the said Province at the Court of Great Britain, to solicit the royal approbation of those grants, and in the year 1773 as also in the last year (1780) they sent an agent expressly on their own account for the [same purpose, and further to
pray that his Majesty would be graciously pleased to sever that District from the Province of Massachusetts Bay and erect it into a Government under the authority of the Crown; which solicitation has hitherto, how- ever, been without effect.
In October, 1772, there were in this District forty-two towns and 2,638 families, who have since greatly increased, at least in the propor- tion of one-fourth, which is 559 families, making in the whole 3,297 families. Reckoning, then, five souls to each family (which is a moder- ate computation), there are now 16,485 souls.
To this new country the Loyalists resort with their families (last sum- mer, in particular, a great number of families were preparing to remove thither) from the New England provinces, and find an asylum from the tyranny of Congress and their tax-gatherers, as well as daily employ- ment in fishing, lumbering, and clearing and preparing land for their subsistence; and there they continue in full hope and pleasing expecta- tion that they may soon re-enjoy the liberties and privileges which would be best secured to them by laws, and under a form of government modelled after the British constitution;, and that they may be covered in their possessions, agreeably to the petition to the Throne in 1773, which was renewed last year.
Mr. Calef probably included in his enumeration of townships, in order to make up thirteen, the island of Mt. Desert, which was granted by the General Court to Governor Bernard -for his "extraordinary services," they said, but very likely, as Williamson suggests, "in fact and in policy, to secure his influence and efforts to- wards obtaining the royal assent." They make, indeed, a pertinent hint to him in their resolution or address: "Your immediate and undivided attention to the subject is more especially requested because a sufficient number of sub- scribers or applicants have come forward, ready to go and settle thirteen townships [including his own] as soon as the royal confirmation can be obtained." We do not learn that the King's assent to the grants was definitely given; but they were never formally revoked. After the Revolution, in 1785, the grants were confirmed by the Legislature of Massachusetts, with some new conditions.
In the representations the agent of the settlers was in- structed to make to the British Government, the settlers reported the soil "as remarkably good, well adapted to the culture of every sort of English grain, and hemp, flax, etc .- and especially good for grazing, in which it ex- cels any other part of America,-and for raising cattle. Its woods abound with moose and other kinds of deer, and several kinds of game, good for food.
On the rivers and streams are two hundred saw- It gives promise of being a mills. . , rich and fruitful country."
None of these townships lay within the boundaries of Penobscot county. They were nearer to the coast. As a part of the history of the valley, however, and of the settlement of the Eastern country, we have thought the twelve townships worthy of this notice.
A PATRIOTIC GRANT.
In 1764 the General Court, in answer to numerous appeals from those who had served in the various wars of the period, caused a list of them to be made, begin- ning with those who had been in the first Louisburg ex- pedition, and then had for them a second tier of town- ships east of Union river surveyed, and all the islands on the coast, except Mt. Desert, in order, as they said, "that some further reward for their brave services might be given them in the unappropriated lands of this Prov_ ince." The King, it is said, encouraged by his procla-
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