USA > Maine > Pioneers on Maine rivers, with lists to 1651 > Part 15
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Twelve days later Thomas Babb arrived at Saco with the ship which Vines had chartered to transport his clapboards to market. The tale was taken by John Jolliff, another agent of Cradock, who delivered enough stock on the account of Vines to make him a debtor of the estate. The unsold balance of the clapboards was inventoried and distributed to all creditors on an insolvency basis, so that Cradock became a substantial loser.}
Another important industry at Saco was sponsored by mer- chants of Dorchester, England, in 1636, when they laid the keel for a ship to be employed in transatlantic service. Very little is known about the project except that the construction was placed in charge of Clement Greenway, an experienced master, who had made a fishing trip to Saco that summer and kept a few employes in the country during the winter.
+ York Ct. Rec., 1-83.
# Me. Doc. Hist., 3-88.
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This was the first large sailing craft to be begun in Maine after the completion of the Virginia at Sagadahoc in 1607. It was launched from Winter Harbor, which is a peninsula situated on the west side and at the mouth of Saco River, between the open sea and Biddeford Pool. For many years the place was called Par- ker's Neck, because it had been monopolized first by John Parker, of Bideford, England, who erected a dwelling and fishing stages at the point. After Parker's removal to Sagadahoc the land was taken by Robert Jordan, in satisfaction of an execution against Vines, and conveyed to Roger Spencer, of Boston, who lived there for several years.
The first Maine colonists were faithful to the tenets of the established church of England and for this reason there was not much fellowship between them and the Massachusetts settlers. Places for religious services were provided at York and Saco as early as 1636. The first meeting-house at the latter plantation was located at Church Point, on the west side of the river and about midway between the falls and Biddeford Pool. The site is now unmarked, but the locality was indicated upon an ancient plan of the division made for the heirs of Bonython and Lewis.
CHURCH POINT, SACO RIVER
May 24, 1636, Richard Gibson arrived at Richmond Island where he had been engaged as pastor under the patronage of Rob- ert Trelawney. Soon after his advent, his services were secured for occasional engagements at Saco.
At the latter parish a ministerial tax was assessed upon all of
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the male inhabitants in the district, to provide for Gibson's sup- port. While, during the same year, some of the York parishioners did object to paying their ecclesiastical charges, there appeared to have been no dissension at Saco.
The amount committed to the bailiff for collection was large for that period and the list included the names of planters on both sides of the river. All proprietors and their assigns were taxed in proportion to their several interests in the realty. The salary at Richmond Island was paid by voluntary contributions from Tre- lawney and his fishermen.
Since this may be regarded as the first tax of any kind ever levied in the Province of Maine, it is subjoined without abbrevi- ation as it has been preserved on the first page of the Province Records.
Parish Tax for Richard Gibson, pastor at Saco, September 7, 1636 :
Captain Richard Bonython,
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Richard Vines,
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Thomas Lewis,
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Henry Boade,
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John Wadley,
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Thomas Williams,
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Robert Sankey,
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Theophilus Davis,
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George Frost,
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Clement Greenway,
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John Parker,
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John Smith,
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Samuel Andrews,
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William Scadlock,
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Robert Morgan,
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Henry Warwick,
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Richard Hitchcock,
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Thomas Page,
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Ambrose Berry,
01
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Henry Watts,
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10
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Richard Foxwell,
01
10
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During the summer of 1638 the new ship built at Saco by Eng- lish merchants of Barnstable and put into commission by Green- way, who had been appointed master, was wrecked off the Irish
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Coast before it had completed its first voyage. John Richmond, a merchant of Bandon Bridge, Ireland, was a passenger on the ill- fated vessel. These two survivors returned to Saco the following year, but the infant industry lapsed.
After Gorges had acquired a royal title to Western Maine in 1639, he made a second attempt to establish a legal forum in the district and a new tribunal for the province of New Somerset was convened at Saco June 25, 1640. The records of that court furnish many interesting facts.
During the latter year Thomas Jenner was chosen pastor of the plantation to succeed Gibson, who had removed to Pascataqua about New Year's Day. This pastorate continued for six years.
In 1642, the exploration of the White Mountains by Darby Field, an Irishman of Dover, excited the general interest of Maine planters, who were still concerned with the possibilities of fabulous profits in the wilderness of Laconia. Field's exaggerated accounts of the discovery of diamonds and "muscovy glass," with the encouraging report that "The sea by Saco seemed as if it had been within 20 miles," induced "divers others to travel thither" about the last of August, among whom were Thomas Gorges and Vines.
The reader is indebted to the first "History of New England" for the only story of the adventure now extant, which is appended.
"They went up Saco river in birch canoes, and that way, they found it 90 miles to Pegwagget, an Indian town, but by land it is but 60. Upon Saco river, they found many thousand acres of rich meadow, but there are ten falls, which hinder boats, etc.
"From the Indian town, they went up hill (for the most part) about 30 miles in woody lands, then they went about 7 or 8 miles upon shattered rocks, without tree or grass, very steep all the way. At the top is a plain about 3 or 4 miles over, all shattered stones, and upon that is another rock or spire, about a mile in height, and about an acre of ground at the top. At the top of the plain arise four great rivers, each of them so much water, at the first issue, as would drive a mill; Connecticut river from two heads, at the N.W. and S.W. which join in one about 60 miles off, Saco river on the S.E., Amascoggen which runs into Casco Bay at the N.E., and Kennebeck, at the N. by E. The mountain runs E. and W. 30 or 40 miles, but the peak is above all the rest. They went and returned in 15 days."§
à Winthrop, 2-89.
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SACO RIVER
In 1643, John Winter at Richmond Island mentioned Saco planters who had exchanged their surplus supplies of grain with him. His list included William Gibbons, Richard Hitchcock, Thomas Jenner, John Lee, Francis Robinson, Richard Vines, Henry Warwick and Thomas Williams, all of whom had been resi- dents on the river for several years.
September 30, 1645, during Jenner's pastorate, Vines sold his patent of Saco to Robert Childs and during the following spring emigrated with some of his friends to Barbadoes, where he was engaged in tropical farming and renewed the practice of medicine as his original profession. He died on his farm in 1651, only a few years after the decease of Gorges. Many of the present land titles in Biddeford may be traced to leases granted by him and con- firmed later by the town.
DIVISION OF LAND IN BIDDEFORD.
According to tradition Vines and his associates landed origi- nally upon Fletcher Neck, where there were fishing stages. That locality, then known as "Winter Harbor," is now recognizable as the favorite summer resort of Biddeford Pool. On an ancient British map of the "Province of Mayne," dated 1655, six dwell- ings were depicted upon the western bank of Saco River, one of which may have been intended to represent that constructed to shelter the employes of John Parker, the Bideford fishmonger. In early days his peninsula was styled "Parker's Neck."
About the northerly quadrant of Biddeford Pool were located the pioneer homes of Robert Booth, Ralph Tristram, Richard Hitchcock and Thomas Williams. The dwelling of the latter was mentioned in 1636. The land between that of Williams and Saco River was acquired in 1647 by Richard Cummings, who conveyed it to Walter Merry.
The next habitation on the river was occupied by Henry Boade, before 1636, but it was transferred to James Gibbons and Thomas Mills by Vines in 1642. Boade had removed to Wells.
Like that of Boade the rest of the lots upriver were eighty rods in width and extended for 200 rods westward. The next four house lots were assigned, in the order named, to Robert Sankey, Joseph Bowles, Samuel Andrews and William Scadlock. The last two settlers resided upon their lots in 1637. Sankey died before
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1642 and his title was acquired successively by John Wright and John Bouden. Bowles conveyed his estate to Roger Hill and with- drew to Wells. Andrews died in 1637 and his widow, who had married Arthur Mackworth, of Casco, sold her interest to Peter Hill, father of Roger ; the premises were subsequently occupied by John Helson and William Dicer. Scadlock retired to Little River on the west side of the town and disposed of the Saco farm to Richard Seeley, a mariner of the Isles of Shoals .*
Above the main settlement a large section of the wilderness had been reserved for the grandson of Gorges, of the same name. Apparently, such a concession had been made at an early date. In 1642, an interior lot containing one hundred acres and bounded southerly by land of "Ferdinando Gorges decd," easterly by Saco River and northerly by Smith's Brook, was assigned by Vines to Ambrose Berry. ¡
That same year another homestead of equal dimensions, situ- ated above the brook, was conferred upon John Smith, who like Thomas Williams, had been a "servant" of the proprietor. The easterly boundary of the last premises was defined as the river and "Church Point," where, obviously, the first meeting-house in the province had been located.}
Beyond an intervening strip of virgin forest which terminated at West's Brook was a house and clearing leased by Vines to John West in 1638. Previously, it had been held under temporary lease- holds by Samuel Andrews and Thomas Cole in succession. The locality was known as "West's Point," and the building was described as "a mansion." Between the point and Saco Falls is situated Cow Island which was given to West by the town long after his settlement in the vicinity.
There is no direct evidence to disclose the exact spot on which the proprietor lived. At the falls is situated Indian Island, which was made the subject of controversy by Joan, wife of Vines, and Lewis and Bonython at the first session of Saco court in 1636. A temporary decree authorized the defendant to plant and cultivate what space she required for domestic purposes until her husband could return from England and the title be determined. Many years later the disputed premises, known as Bonython's Island and comprising part of the present City of Saco, were equally
* York Deeds, 3-124; 1-33, 42.
+ York Deeds, 7-181.
York Deeds, 2-10.
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divided between William Phillips, successor of Robert Childs and Vines, and John Bonython, son of the Saco proprietor.
In 1643, Vines assured Governor Winthrop that he had been compelled to travel two miles to reach home after attendance at the local court. Seven years earlier the New Somerset tribunal had convened at the house of Richard Bonython in East Saco. Later sessions had been conducted in the dwelling of Thomas Wil- liams at Winter Harbor. Church Point was near the center of population and it is probable that after the completion of the meeting-house all public hearings were held there. The distance of the site of that building from Saco Falls and the fact that his wife had planted Indian Island as a matter of convenience and safety during the season when her husband was absent, clearly point to the conclusion that the dwelling of Vines stood near the westerly end of Saco Bridge above the falls.
DIVISION OF LAND IN SACO.
The ancient map disclosed six buildings distributed for four miles along the river in "East Saco." The coastal tract was occu- pied by William Gibbons, who must have been a near relative of Major Edward, of Boston.
In the Casco controversy between Cleave and Trelawney the Saco planter testified that he had known Presumpscot River since 1623. This statement qualified him as one of the party of Robert Gorges, which had arrived late in that year and visited the East- ern Country during the winter. He was mentioned as commo- rant at Saco from 1636 to 1652, but not afterward, while Edward Gibbons, who had been engaged in eastern trade for many years, died in 1654, leaving a large estate.
The next year John Richards, who had just disposed of his land at Sagadahoc to Clark and Lake, was living near Blue Point in Saco. Obviously he was acting as an agent for Edward upon the estate of the deceased William Gibbons, since two years later he with the other administrators of the Boston merchant conveyed the Saco premises to Henry Warwick. The real estate was then described as a tract of 400 acres which extended eastward from the mouth of Saco River to Goosefair.§
The next dwellings appear to have been those of John Wadley and Edward Robinson. The latter and Francis, presumed to be a § York Deeds, 6-80.
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PIONEERS ON MAINE RIVERS
son on account of his minority at the time of settlement, may have been employes of Bonython.
About four miles from the mouth of the river was a plantation of fifty acres which had been assigned to Thomas Page. It lay nearly opposite Church Point and was bounded by two creeks, the most southerly being still known as "Nichols' Brook." Page and his wife died suddenly in 1645, leaving only minor children. His descendants disposed of their interests in the original tract nearly one hundred years later .*
Above Page's Plantation was the dwelling and cultivated land of Richard Bonython and beyond that, opposite the falls, stood the house of Thomas Lewis. It is apparent that all of the proprietors at Saco anticipated that their principal revenue would be derived from the manufacture of lumber, agriculture and the Indian trade, rather than from deep-sea fishing on the coast .;
MASSACHUSETTS SUPREMACY.
Massachusetts colonies had secured no control in Maine before 1652. This is best illustrated by an incident that occurred at Saco two years before. In the spring of 1650, Richard Seeley "did steale his fathers boat" and with Thomas Wallen induced the wives of Thomas Mills and Thomas Warner to abandon their homes at Winter Harbor and proceed with them to New Plymouth. Upon arrival at their destination Seeley, whose father Richard operated at the Isles of Shoals at that time, and Wallen, who was also com- morant within Massachusetts territory and amenable to punish- ment by the colony, were sentenced forthwith by the local magis- trates and immediately "comitted to ward," while the others were remanded to Winter Harbor where they resided. The elder Seeley, whose name was spelled "Carle," subsequently lived near Winter Harbor in Biddeford.1
July 5, 1653, the inhabitants on Saco River submitted to the Massachusetts regime.§
In one of Maverick's descriptions of the Eastern Country, dated July 26, 1665, the only municipalities mentioned for the old Province of Maine were Kittery, York, Wells, Saco, Scarborough and Falmouth. These were "all built by the seaside and five or
* York Deeds, 3-42; 12-69.
+York Deeds. 3-94.
# Plymouth Col. Rec., 2-205.
§ Mass. Col. Rec., 3-412.
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six miles long at least," although they had "but 30 houses in them, and these very mean ones." Another list dated September 5, that year, enumerated only twenty-six houses in the Eastern Country beyond Sagadahoc River .*
Settlements were continued at Saco River until after the first
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outbreak of the Indian Wars, when the English planters were driven westward as far as Wells. The devastation at this point was almost complete. Hubbard's account, made soon after the event, stated that the savages had burned all of the houses at Saco
* Sainsbury's Col. Pap., 2-213.
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PIONEERS ON MAINE RIVERS
which were situated "above the Fisher-mans Stages" near the mouth of the river.
In 1708, a fort was built upon Parker's Neck, at the expense of Massachusetts government, to provide protection for the few remaining settlers against the raids of the Northern Indians. This fortification, located upon the point below Biddeford Pool, was named Fort Mary.
SACO ISLANDS.
Gibbons Island is a small island of ten acres lying east of Parker's Neck. It was assigned to James Gibbons and was included in the first division outlined by Bonython and Foxwell .¡
Wood Island lies east of Parker's Neck near the former island and contains thirty acres. It was named for the density of its primeval forest .¿
PIONEERS
ANDREWS, SAMUEL, born 1598, arrived with his family from Stephney, England, in the "Increase," 1635; Saco, 1636; died 1637; widow Jane, born 1605, married Arthur Mackworth; children Jane (Neal), born 1632, Elizabeth (Purchase), born 1633, James, born 1635, and Philippe (Felt). BALL, RICHARD, brother of John; fisherman at Salisbury, 1651; Winter Harbor, 1653; Cape Porpoise, 1655; Kittery, 1667; Dover, 1668.
BATSON, STEPHEN, planter, 1637-8; Cape Porpoise from Saco, 1642; died at Wells, June 30, 1676; widow Elizabeth; children Elizabeth (Ashley), John, Margery (Young), and Mary (Trott, Brookhouse, Clay).
BERRY, AMBROSE, planter, at Saco, 1636; Cape Porpoise, 1642; married Ann Bully, 1654; died 1661; children Ambrose, of Boston, 1686, and Hannah (Chase).
BOADE, HENRY, planter, at Saco, 1636; cousin of John Winthrop; re- moved to Kennebunk, 1637; died January 16, 1657-8; widow Ann.
BONYTHON, RICHARD, patentee of Saco, 1631; died 1653; widow Lu- cretia; children Elizabeth (Cummings), John, born 1648, and Susanna (Foxwell).
BOOTH, ROBERT, born 1602, clergyman; Exeter, 1644; Saco, 1647; died March 14, 1672-3; widow Deborah married Thomas Ladbrook; children born in various places, Mary (Pennell), September 30, 1627, Eleanor, February, 1634, Simon, May 10, 1641, Martha, April 12, 1645, Robert and Rebecca, July 25, 1655.
BOWLES, JOSEPH, born 1609, planter; Winter Harbor, 1640; Cape Por- poise, 1648; died 1678; widow Mary; children Elizabeth (Locke, Pit- man), Joseph, Mary (Frost), Mercy, Rebecca, Samuel, Sarah (Chad- bourne) and Thomas.
CLEAVE, GEORGE, planter, 1630; Spurwink, 1631-3; Casco (Portland), 1633; wife Joan; died 1666-1671; only daughter Elizabeth (Mitten).
COLE, JAMES, Salem, 1631; Casco, 1636; Sagadahoc, 1654-1672.
¡York Deeds, 15-10.
# York Deeds, 17-15.
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COLE, THOMAS, planter, 1640; land adjoined Batson's, 1641; Pemaquid, 1669.
COLE, WILLIAM, born 1580; planter at Exeter, 1639; Saco, 1640; constable at Wells, 1645; wife Elizabeth; died 1663; son William, born 1627, re- moved to Sheepscot before 1665.
COOK, PEYTON, merchant at Saco, 1635; living, 1684.
COUSINS, JOHN, born 1594; Saco, 1630-2; Casco, 1634, as an employe of Brown and Mackworth; Cousins Island at Westcustego, 1639; died 1685; only authority that there were settlers at Saco, 1627.
DAVIS, THEOPHILUS, planter, 1636-7.
EDMUNDS, ROBERT, servant of Matthew Cradock, 1635; Sagadahoc, 1687. ELKINS, THOMAS, born 1595; planter at Boston, 1634; Saco, 1640; died 1664-7; children Christopher and Thomas.
EVANS, GRIFFITH, planter, 1636.
FERNALD, JOHN, surgeon, 1637-1640; widow Joanna, 1660.
FOXWELL, RICHARD, born 1604; trader at Dorchester, 1633; Saco, 1634; Scarborough, 1638; died 1677; widow Susanna, daughter of Richard Bonython; children Esther (Rogers), Eunice (Cutts), John, born 1639, Lucretia (Robinson), born 1642, Mary (Norton), Philip, born 1651, Richard, Sarah (Curtis) and Susanna (Ashton).
FROST, GEORGE, planter, 1635-7.
GARDINER, CHRISTOPHER, gentleman at Boston, 1630; Saco, 1631; re- turned to Bristol, England, 1632.
GIBBONS, JAMES, planter, born 1614; sailed from London in the "In- crease" April 13, 1635; Saco, 1637; wife Judith, daughter of Thomas Lewis; Barbadoes, 1662-1692; children, born at Saco, James, March 19, 1648, Elizabeth (Sharp), April 25, 1652, Thomas, November 23, 1654, Charity, January 5, 1656, Rebecca, January 30, 1657-8, Rachel (Edge- comb), October 23, 1660, Hester, August 16, 1664, Anthony, October 14, 1666.
GIBBONS, WILLIAM, mariner, knew Presumpscot River, 1623; mentioned at Saco, 1638-1652.
GRANT, FERDINANDO, employe of Thomas Williams at Winter Harbor, 1640.
GREENWAY, CLEMENT, mariner of Barnstable at Saco, 1635-8; master of the ship built at Saco and launched, but lost off the Irish Coast, 1638. HALEY, THOMAS, arrived 1637; Saco, 1640; wife Mary, daughter of John West, died 1658; children Ann, Lydia, Samuel and Thomas.
HELSON, JOHN, one of Cradock's fishermen at Boston, 1631; Winter Har- bor, 1652; had built a house near Church Point, 1671; deceased 1686; widow Joanna, daughter of Henry Warwick; children Ephraim, John and Samuel.
HITCHCOCK, RICHARD, born 1608; planter in Massachusetts, 1634; Saco, 1636; died 1671; widow Lucretia, daughter of Thomas Williams; chil- dren, born at Saco, Jerusha, November 28, 1653, Thomas, February .20, 1655-6, Lydia (Plaisted), November 30, 1658, Rebecca, August 20, 1661, and Ann and Margaret, September 25, 1664.
HOGG, PETER, employe of Clement Greenway, 1635-7.
HOW, ANTHONY, fisherman, 1637.
HOWELL, MORGAN, planter, 1637; Cape Porpoise, 1643; died 1666; child John, born at Saco, June 16, 1642.
HURD, THOMAS, planter, 1640.
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PIONEERS ON MAINE RIVERS
JENNER, THOMAS, clergyman at Weymouth, 1636; Saco, 1640-6; Norfolk, England, 1650; children Thomas, born 1628, and two daughters, men- tioned in his correspondence.
LEE, JOHN, planter at Boston, 1639; Salem, 1641; Saco, 1642; had live stock at Cape Porpoise, 1647; son-in-law of John White at Sheepscot, 1664 to 1677, when he removed to Scituate.
LEIGHTON (Layton), JOHN, planter at Kittery, 1645; Layton's Point, Biddeford Pool, 1653; wife Joanna; removed to a farm bought of Thomas Atkins at Sagadahoc, "near 30 years" before 1678; child John.
LEWIS, THOMAS, Saco proprietor, 1631; had deceased with wife Elizabeth, 1639; children Elizabeth (Heywood), Judith (Gibbons), born 1627, and Mary (Gibson).
MILLS, ROBERT, planter, 1637; died at York, 1647; left a claim for wages long due from Vines at Saco; widow Dorothy married John Harker June 30, 1647; son James and three other small children.
MILLS, THOMAS, native of Exeter, England; Wells, 1653; wife Mary, a daughter of John Wadley, was at Bristol, England, that year; died 1681; children Martha, born at Bristol January 8, 1653-4, married James Smith and Christopher Grant, Elizabeth (Cloyce) and Sarah (Cloyce).
MORGAN, ROBERT, born 1602; sailed from Gravesend, England, June 20, 1635, in the "Philip"; Saco, 1636; Pemaquid, 1640; had land from Clark and Lake at Woolwich before 1665; living 1673; wife Mary.
MOSIER, HUGH, planter; arrived at Boston June 12, 1632, in the "James"; Casco, 1640; died 1660; widow Rebecca; children Elizabeth (Lane), James and John.
NANNEY, ROBERT, born 1613; merchant who sailed from Lombard Street, London, April 18, 1635, in the "Increase"; Saco, 1635; Dover, 1640-1651; Boston, 1662; died in Boston August 27, 1663; given execution against Gorges' house at York for former services; widow Catherine, daughter of John Wheelwright, married Edward Naylor; children, besides those who died young, Samuel, born 1659, Mary, born 1661, and Elizabeth, born 1664.
NEWLANDS, ANTHONY, planter, recognized as a resident of Maine, 1643; evidently a brother of Jeremiah, of Ipswich; Salisbury, 1651; Ipswich, 1659.
OLDHAM, JOHN, planter and trader at Plymouth, 1623; on the Maine Coast, 1626; removed to Watertown, with the first settlers; killed at Block Island by the Indians in July, 1636.
PAGE, THOMAS, born 1606; tailor from All Saints Stayning; sailed from London in the "Increase" June 20, 1635; wife Elizabeth, born 1607; Saco, 1636; both parents died in 1645, leaving children, born in England, Thomas, 1633, Catherine, 1634; born at Saco, Christopher, George, born 1641, Mary and Sylvester.
PARKER, JOHN, of Bideford, England; first mate of the "Mayflower" at New Plymouth, 1620; Saco, 1630; Damariscove, 1645; Sagadahoc, 1648; died 1661; widow Mary; children Thomas, John, born at Saco, 1634, and Mary, born 1637, and married to Thomas Webber, of Charlestown.
PENWELL, WALTER, fisherman; son of Clement of Newton Ferrers, Eng- land; sailor with Ambrose Bouden on the "Margery," 1643; Saco, 1647: Biddeford, 1653; dead, 1682; widow Mary, daughter of Robert Booth: children Walter, born December 1, 1649, Mary, born March 12, 1652-3, Deborah, born December 30, 1654, Sarah, born August 2, 1661, and Susanna, born March 29, 1669.
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