History of Calhoun county, Michigan, With Illustrations descriptive of its scenery, Part 1

Author: Peirce, H. B. (Henry B.); Pierce, H. B; L.H. Everts & Co
Publication date: 1877
Publisher: Philadelphia, L. H. Everts & co.
Number of Pages: 442


USA > Michigan > Calhoun County > History of Calhoun county, Michigan, With Illustrations descriptive of its scenery > Part 1


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org.


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1830 Alsre


CALHOUN COUNTY


MICHIGAN WITH ILLUSTRATIONS


1877


1


1,


1830.


HISTORY OF


CALHOUN COUNTY,


MICHIGAN.


lith Alllustrations


DESCRIPTIVE OF ITS SCENERY,


Palatial Residences,


Public Buildings, Fine Blochs, and Important Manufactories,


FROM ORIGINAL SKETCHES BY ARTISTS OF THE HIGHEST ABILITY.


PHILADELPHIA: L. H. EVERTS & CO., 716 FILBERT STREET.


1877.


PRESS OF J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO., PHILADELPHIA.


...


COURT HOUSE, MARSHALL, CALHOUN CO., MICH.


PREFACE.


To THE citizens of Calhoun County, who have so generously con- tributed, in various ways, and so courteously aided us in our efforts to gather reliable data from which to compile this work, we tender our heartiest acknowledgments. We are under obligations, and hereby acknowledge the same, to Hon. Charles Dickey, judge of probate; Charles McDermid, Esq., county clerk; Earl Smith, Esq., county treas- urer; Stephen F. Snyder, register of deeds; Charles D. Holmes, Esq., late register of deeds ; Rev. John D. Pierce, of Ypsilanti ; Hon. S. S. Lacey, secretary of the Pioneer Society; Hon. Erastus Hussey, Hon. W. H. Brown, Dr. Edward Cox, Rev. W. H. Perrine, D.D., M. A. Lane, Esq., editor of the Index ; Judge T. W. Hall, and many others, for information most cheerfully given, and assistance rendered in the com- pilation of the general history of the county.


Had we the space we would with pleasure make acknowledgment by name to each of the many persons who have rendered us material aid in our historical researches, also to the many published sources of the information compiled and presented to the public in this volume; but it would cover pages and add bulk to an already voluminous work.


We have garnered from every available source (in many cases a mere sentence only), confining ourselves as far as possible to original material, depending largely upon the memories of old settlers, and those whose lives and associations have made them familiar with the subjects por- trayed. We have also, so far as practicable, classified all matter, although the labor of compilation has been materially increased thereby. Yet we feel assured that our work as a book of reference receives an added value that will more than compensate us for the increased labor and expense. We have also endeavored to make the history of each town and village after its organization up to present date complete in


itself, without too much recapitulation ; to avoid this entirely were im- possible, though we trust that it occurs to no considerable extent.


Some incidents and anecdotes have been related more with the design to illustrate the past than to amuse the reader, for we have aimed only to show and trace the method of the change in a concise, unpretentious way : how and by whom the wilderness has been changed to the garden, the log cabin to the brownstone front, the track through the forest and the lone postal rider to the iron rail, fast mail, and electric wire with its lightning messenger,-the lands of the red men to the homes of the white. Honor and credit are certainly due to some. We have named many, but not all,-only a few of the leading spirits, whom to associate with was to be one of. Too much honor cannot be rendered them.


Instructions to our historians were, "Write truthfully and impartially of every one and on every subject." Their instructions have been as faithfully executed as was possible, and while some may have been omitted who should have had a place in these pages, yet especial pains has been taken to make it otherwise.


We expect criticism. All we ask is that it be done in charity, after weighing all contingencies, obstacles, and hindrances that may have been involved ; for if our patrons will take into account all the diffi- culties we have had to overcome,-the impossibility of harmonizing inharmonious memories, of reconciling perverse figures and stubborn facts, of remembering all the fathers and grandfathers where there are so many to remember, and, finally, the uncertainty of all human calcu- lations and the shortcomings of even the most perfect,-we shall be content with their verdict.


PHILADELPHIA, July 1, 1877.


THE PUBLISHERS.


3


TABLE OF CONTENTS.


HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE.


HISTORY OF CALHOUN COUNTY.


PAGE


TOWNSHIP HISTORIES.


PAGE


Hyde, Augustus O.


75, 76


Hill, Samuel W.


77


City and Township of Battle Creek


79-104


Albion Township


.105-112


Hall, Judge Tolman W.


81


Lee 46


9


Athens


Homer


121-124


Holmes, Charles D.


110


Marengo


125-133


Holmes, Thomas


110


Sheridan


. 142-146


Hicks, William


Tekonsha


. 147-152


Hamilton, George B.


198


Convis


153-156


Hutchinson, Loomis


Burlington "


157-160


Houston, John


Fredonia


. 161-165


193


Newton


173-175


Pennfield


. 176-180


Emmett


181-185


109


Knickerbocker, Wm. M.


facing


113


Knight, Thomas


185


Kelsey, Silas


171


Lane, James


155


McCamly, Judge Sands


80


CHAPTER VI .- First Land Entries-First Farms- Live Stock-The Hen Fever-Fruit-Improved Farm Machinery - Products of the Present- Manufactures - Pioneer Artisans - Traders - Manufactures of the Present-Banking: State, Wild-Cat, National


15-18


Anderson, Jacob .


109


Abbott, Reuben


144


Atmore, Matthew


178


Aldrich, Russell .


190


Powell, Hon. William


78


Peabody, Tenney


facing


112


Burpee, Samuel J.


76


Pattison, S. G.


130


Barney, Nathaniel


80


Beach, M.D., Asahel


100


Beach, M.D., John


101


Beach, E. Darwin


101


Burr, Rufus


145, 146


Soule, Theron


112


Soule, Milo .


130


Shipman Family, The


144


Spaulding, Nirum L. .


facing


182


Sprague, Rev. Thomas


171


Sackett, Morrison


130


Convis, General Ezra


80


Samson, Galen


130


Convis, Samuel


179


Townsend, Lewis


132


Willard, Hon. Allen


81


Wattles, M.D., Jervis H.


102


Wakefield, Hon. G. N. Wood, Barnett


104


Warner, William A.


111


Crossman, L. G. .


133


Warner, Wareham


111


Chapin, Samuel .


131


Walker, Truman P.


115


Warner, Asahel .


145


Woolsey, Daniel .


69


Dickey, Hon. Charles .


72, 73


Warren, Ira A.


185


Dibble, Charles P. 73


Wagner, Hon. John


. 171, 172


Du Bois, Harvey J. 100


110, 111


Dickey, Marsh 145


Dunakin, Daniel


140


Doolittle, Joel


facing


146


French, Hon. George H.


facing


124


Fenn, Thomas J.


172


Green, Elijah


facing


147


CHAPTER XVI .- Conclusion


48, 49


Gordon, Alexander


179


LION," FROM CALHOUN COUNTY .


. 199-212


CHAPTER III .- Ancient Fortifications - Mysterious People-The Indians of Calhoun ; their Position in the Black Hawk War-A Big Injun-Trails . CHAPTER IV. - Pioneer Settlements - Improvised Shelter for Cooking-Early Journeyings-First Houses-First Marriage-Ague vs. Matrimony- A Justice beyond his Bailiwick - First White Births-First Deaths-A Midnight Burial-The First Cemetery


12-14


Clarence


. 191-193


Bedford


. 194-198


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.


Angell, Nedebiah


80


Miller, David H.


74


Miner, James A.


75


Mitchell, Hon. Preston


77,78


Newbre, James .


184


Newbre, William


184


Brewer, Chauncey M.


74, 75


Pierce, Nathan


129


Robinson, Solon E.


140, 141


Smith, Earl .


76


Stewart, Joseph W.


103


Billinghurst, Daniel


144


Bevier, John


facing 169


22-25


Barnum, Thomas B.


170


Curtis, Benjamin F.


73


Cook, Asa B.


75


CHAPTER IX .- Educational and Religious : The First School-Statistics of 1876-The First Sermon- First Religious Society-First Church-Pioneer Preachers - Albion College-Seventh-Day Ad- ventist College


25-29 29-32


CHAPTER X .- Professional : The Bar; The Pulpit


Crosby, Charles H.


104


Church, Chandler M.


145


103


Chamberlin, Benjamin Cox, John


175


32-34


Statesman ; Journal; Tribune; Mirror; Re- corder; Index; Advent Review and Publications CHAPTER XII .- Societies: Agricultural, Reforma- tory, Educational, Political, Protective, Secret, Historical, Health Reform . 34-37


Chisholm, Thomas


131, 132


Carrier, Edwin B.


132


CHAPTER XIII. - Topography - Drainage - Soil- Timber - Geology-Area - Geography- Clima- tology-Fauna


37,38


CHAPTER XIV .- Reminiscence - Cholera - Pioneer Visiting-Social Parties-First Ball-Independ- ence Day-A Bear Fight-Bruin and the Lovers -Wolves-Tribulations of Pioneer Courtship . CHAPTER XV .- The Patriotism of Calhoun : First Volunteers of Michigan-Black Hawk War- Toledo War-Militia-Mexican War-The Re- bellion .


Walkinshaw, James


156


White, Henry L.


131


White, William C.


130


CHAPTER II .- Abstract of Title-French, English, Colonial, and Indian Titles to Land in the North- west - First Legal Conveyance in Michigan - Land Surveys and Sales-Military Report on Amount of Good Land


10, 11


11, 12


Hatch, Y. M.


Le Roy 4€


166-172


Hanchett, David


facing


52


Hanchett, Caleb .


132


Hewitt, Isaac


131


Clarendon "


. 186-190


CHAPTER V .- Means of Communication - Roads- Trails-Bridges-Taverns-Mail Routes-Stage- Coaches - Post-Offices - Railroads - Steamboat Navigation on the Kalamazoo 14, 15


Manchester, Elias C. . Mapes, Anson


103


Markham, J. P. .


179


Mayo, James


156


Austin, Hon. Charles .


99


CHAPTER VII .- Civil Organization - County and Township Boundaries-First Official Act-Ear- liest dated Deed - First Village Plats - The Courts : Circuit, County, and Probate- Cele- brated Causes-Board of Supervisors-Assess- ments and Taxes-County Buildings - Court- House, Jail, and . Almshouse-Superintendents of the Poor .


18-22


City and Township of Marshall . 50-78


CHAPTER I .- Civilization-Its Progress-First intro- duction into Michigan-First Permanent Settle- ment-Ordinance of 1787-Organization of Ter- ritory-Counties and Townships-Adoption of Constitution-Development of State .


Hall, Moses


. 113-115


Hussey, Erastus


97-99


Hart, Isaac P.


100


Eckford


134-141


Hadden, Amos


115


. 179, 180


184


165


Johnson, Edwin H.


99, 100


CHAPTER VIII. - Official Roster: First Justices, County Officers, National and State Officials in Calhoun-Politics-Underground Railroad-At- tempted Kidnapping-Presidential Elections- A Curious Ballot-Population .


Clark, A. L.


102


CHAPTER XI .- The Press : Patriot and Expounder;


197


Douglass, Samuel E.


38, 39


39-48


ROSTER OF SOLDIERS IN THE "WAR OF THE REBEL-


facing


.


5


PAGE


80, 81


116-120


6


TABLE OF CONTENTS.


ILLUSTRATIONS.


VIEWS.


Albion College, View of


facing page 27


Advent's Printing-House (Battle Creek)


Atkinson, Henry, residence of (Marshall)


Alexander, Morgan J., " (


)


Adams, John ( ) .


Anderson, Jacob, farm and res. of (Albion) facing pages 108, 109 Abbott, Sylvester, residence of (Sheridan) . facing page 147 Powers, John, residence of (Homer) Adventist Church (Convis) . 155 Pattison, S. G., (Marengo)


Aldrich, George W., residence of (Clarendon) facing page 190 Battle Creek College 28


Brackett, A. E., residence of (Marshall)


Brewer, C. M., (


Beach, E. Darwin,


(Battle Creek)


101 Stewart, Joseph W.,


(Battle Creek) " "


-


85


Hussey, Erastus ( " )


106 Hall, Moses .


112


Hall, T. W.


126


Holmes, Charles D.


110


186 Soule, Milo, (


)


130


Holmes, Thomas .


110


Shipman, J. D.,


(Sheridan) 145 Hadden, Amos (and wife) facing


Shipman, Robert B., (


"


(Emmett),


Holmes, William .


Hewitt, Isaac (and wife)


"


127


Houston, Sr., John (and wife)


161


164


82 Woolsey, Daniel, (


).


69


Central School Building


(


)


.


86


Crawford, R., residence of (


) facing 90


Church, Mrs. Lura,


(Albion) .


Clute, H. A.,


(Lee)


.


125


Chapin, Samuel, residence of (


= )


=


129 Walker, T. P., (Lee) "


113


119


Cook, Hon. William, Cox, John,


(Bedford)


194


Carrier, Edwin B.,


(Marengo) ( )


= 133 Warner, Asahel, (Sheridan)


147 Lane, James (


>


155


Chamberlin, Benjamin,


(Newton) .


= 174 Walkinshaw, James, (Convis)


153 Leonard, D. P. (


)


1


46


75


Warren, Ira A., old homestead, built in 1833


185 Mitchell, Preston


facing


76


Mapes, Anson (and wife)


"


80


Markham, J. P. ( "


"


178


Manchester, E. C.


Newbre, James (and wife)


" 184


PORTRAITS.


Austin, Charles


facing page 98


Anderson, Jacob (and wife)


facing pages 108, 109


Abbott, Reuben (


4


)


. facing page 147


Atmore, Matthew ( 1


107


Granger, S. S.,


(Tekonsha) 66


150


Gould, Fayette, (Le Roy) .


166


Beach, Asahel


98 Rogers, John B. (


)


«


119


Robinson, Solon (


)


=


136


Beach, E. Darwin (and wife)


facing 101


Reasoner, Daniel ( "


)


"


167


Hanchett, David, residence of (Marshall)


52


= 79


97


Hadden, Amos, residence of (Lee)


114


Hewitt, Isaac, ¥ (Marengo) )


66 127


Hanchett, Caleb, (


129


Houston Homestead, The (Fredonia) .


161


Houston, John, residence of ( " )


164


Hicks, William, (Pennfield)


180


Hutchinson, Loomis, residence of (Emmett) double page


facing pages 180, 181


Irwin Hall and Hygienic Institute (Battle Creek) .


facing page 29


Kerr, William H., residence of (Tekonsha) .


Knight, Thomas,


(Emmett)


182


Leonard, D. P.,


(Burlington)


158


Map of Calhoun County .


.


.


=


80


Miller, John,


(Athens)


118


Mayo, James,


(Convis)


156


Markham, Jos. P., "


(Pennfield) .


"


178


Newbre, O. and I., "


(Emmett) .


184 Dean, Nelson ).


"


" 151


Willard, David N. (and wife)


"


"


119


Douglass, Geo. A. (and wife)


)


facing page 123


White, Henry L. .


"


22


Ellis, John. )


149 White, William C. (and wife)


" 131


149 Woolsey, Daniel .


69


Fenn, Thomas (and wife)


172


Wood, Barnett (and wife)


¥


"


94


1


70 Vary, A. T.,


(Marshall) . 60


Houston, John (and wife)


Hiscock, Isaac


170


85 Werstein, L., (Battle Creek) 88


Hicks, William (and wife)


180


Hutchinson, Loomis (and wives) . Hatch, Younglove M. (and wife) .


facing pages 180, 181 page 193


198


Johnson, Edwin H.


facing


22


Warner, Wareham, the late (Albion) 66 111


115


148


Worthington, James, (Homer) .


(Marengo)


131 Knight, Thomas (


1


189


Convis, Samuel,


(Pennfield)


= 177 Wagner, Susan, (Le Roy)


Dibble, C. P.,


(Marshall) = 50 Warren, Ira A.,


Du Bois, Harvey J.,


(Battle Creek) " 92


Dickey, Marsh, res. and farm (Sheridan) double page


· facing pages 142, 143


Dean, Mrs. Nelson, residence of (Tekonsha) facing page 151


Doolittle, Isaac H.,


(Clarendon) 189


Eslow, Thomas E.,


(Homer) . 123


Ellis, John,.


(Tekonsha)


149


French, Hon. G. H.,


(Homer) . 124


Fenn, Thomas, (Le Roy) .


172


Gridley, Abram H., farm and res. of ( Albion)


105


Gale Manufacturing Co.'s Works (Albion) . Gardner, A. P., residence of


( " ) . =


Brackett, Albert E. ( “ )


facing " 56 Pierce, Nathan (


)


16


129


Burpee, Samuel J.


173


Gordon, Alexander, residence of (Pennfield) Health Institute (Battle Creek) .


29 Billinghurst, Daniel


66 143


Root, Elijah .


Samson, Galen (and wife)


159 Sackett, Morrison


130


Shipman, J. D. (and wife) Shipman, Robert B. ( " ) .


facing " "


146


Smith, Earl


Crosby, C. H. (and wife)


"


82


Soule, Theron (and wife)


90 Soule, Milo (


4


130


Clark, A. L.


102 Sprague, Rev. Thomas


170


Church, Chandler M. (and wife) ..


facing = 111


facing pages 182, 183


Chisholm, Thomas (


).


) ..


16 129


Underwood, C. R. (


"


173


Vary, A. T.


(


1.


¥


60


Carrier, E. B. (


)


132 Warren, Ira A.


( ).


"


"


185


Wagner, Hon. John "


( 1.


168


Warner, Asahel (and wife) .


147


Dickey, Hon. Charles .


72


Warner, William A. (and wife)


=


111


Du Bois, Harvey J.


Dunakin, Daniel (and wife) .


Dickey, Marsh ( ).


. facing pages 142, 143


Wakefield, Geo. N.


=


102


Doolittle, Isaac H. ( " ).


facing page 189


Walker, T. P. (and wife)


facing


113


102


Newbre, William, page


( double facing pages 184, 185


"Oak Lawn," res. of L. Silliman (Albion) . facing page 106 "Oak Hill," " C. M. Brewer (Marshall) = 62 Ellis, Heman J. .


Poor-House, The County


22


Francisco, Henry (and wife)


facing page 175


58 Goodrich, Mrs. L. S. .


" 112


29 Powell, William, residence of (Marshall)


54 Pond, J. E., "


(


=


70 Granger, S. S. ( " )


Guyer, Andrew ( " 1


Gould, Fayette ( "


facing 166


176


Godfrey, Oliver W. (and wife)


facing pages 184, 185


facing page 22


Hyde, Augustus O.


188 Hanchett, David . 136 Hanchett, Caleb (and wife)


"


129


56 Reasoner, Daniel, 16 (Le Roy) . 167 Hill, Samuel W. . 76


84


Hart, Isaac P. (and wife)


79


Billinghurst, Dan., (Sheridan) .


Burr, Rufus, present residence ( “ )


Burr, Rufus, residence in 1838 ( )


144


Burnett, Frank, residence of (Burlington) Born, George, " (Clarendon)


Bevier, Mrs. L. H., " (Le Roy)


Calhoun County Court-House (Marshall)


. frontispiece


Calhoun County, Map of


facing page 9


Spaulding, N. L., double page . .


. facing pages 182, 183


Curtis, Benjamin F., residence of (Marshall) Cook, Asa B., (


Crosby, C. H.,


(Battle Creek) ( = )


=


Ward & Son, J. M., warehouses, etc. (Battle Creek)


88


Wood, Barnet, residence of ( Battle Creek) .


94


Hamilton, George B. ( . " ).


Knickerbocker, W. M. (and wife) Kellogg, George .


Kerr, William H. (and wife) Kelsey, Silas ( "


)


170


Mayo, James ( " ) MA


Newbre, William ( “ 1


Peterman, Dr. Hiram A. (and wife) Powell, William .


76


Peabody, Tenney (and wife)


178 Pattison, S. G. (


)


"


128


76 Potter, John (


1


facing


175


Beach, Mrs. Dr. John .


.


101


Burr, Rufus (and wife)


Burnett, Frank (and wife)


Bevier, Mrs. Louisa


Barnum, Thomas B.


.


170


Curtis, Benjamin F.


facing 68


Crawford, R. ( "


Crossman, L. G. (


).


133


Convis, Samuel (and wives)


148


Cox, John (and wife)


" . 194


Du Bois, Peter


facing 92


Warner, Wareham


Walkinshaw, James (and wife) Wattles, J. H. 140 92


«


153


102


Doolittle, Joel ( “ 1.


147 Willard, George


facing pages 184, 185 Wisner, Jehiel


119


Eslow, Thomas E. ( "


.


89


160


66 Painter, J. C., grain and stock farm of (Athens)


116


Gordon, Alex. ( "


122


Pritchard, James, residence and farm of (Clarendon)


Robinson, Solon E., residence of (Eckford)


143 Stewart, James H., -


144 Silliman, L., (Albion) ( )


Soule, Theron,


159 Samson, Galen,


(Marengo)


146 Hobart, Hon. N. P.


119


Calhoun County Poor-House


22


68


Underwood, Chester R., res. of (Newton) . facing page 173


111


66 115 Warner, William A., (Albion)


110


Chisholm, Thomas,


(Marengo)


(Clarendon) 187 Ware, S. S., (Athens) .


121


Crossman, L. G.,


158


168 Miller, David H. ( "


74


(Emmett)


185 Miner, James A. . .


66 156


175


126


Hart, Isaac P., (Battle Creek) Hussey, Erastus, residence and homestead (Battle Creek)


107


Gould, David, farm and res. (Newton)


176


144


169


145


76


112


Spaulding, Nirum L. (and wife) . Stewart, Joseph W. ).


125


facing page 84


Chapin, Samuel (


9


Mapes, Anson, residence of (Battle Creek) .


Peterman, Dr. H. A., res. and office (Marshall) facing page 54 Public School Building (Marshall)


facing " 66 Green, Elijah (and wife)


147


"


66 150


54 Potter House (Battle Creek) .


128 Hall, Tolman W.


22


52


97


98


66


98


114


119


112


132 White, William C.,


"


facing pages 184, 185 . facing page 54


98


112


Clark, Alexander H.,


62


169


.


177


110


INTRODUCTORY.


THE historian, in rescuing from oblivion the life of a nation, should " exten- uate nothing, nor aught set down in malice." Myths, however beautiful, are at their best but fanciful; traditions, however pleasing, are uncertain ; and legends, though the very essence of poesy, are unauthentic. The novelist will take the most fragile thread of a vivid imagination, and from it weave a fabric of surpass- ing beauty. But the historian should place his feet upon the solid basis of FACT, and, turning a deaf ear to the allurements of fancy, sift, with careful and pains- taking scrutiny, the evidence brought before him, and upon which he is to give the record of what has been. Standing, as he does, down the stream of time, far removed from its source, he must retrace, with patience and care, its meanderings, guided by the relics of the past which lie upon its shores, growing fainter and still more faint and uncertain as he nears its fountain, ofttimes concealed in the débris of ages, and in mists and darkness impenetrable. Written records grow less and less explicit, and finally fail altogether, as he approaches the beginning of the community whose life he is seeking to rescue from the gloom of a fast-receding past. Memory, wonderful as are its powers, is yet frequently at fault ; and only by a comparison of its many aggregations can he be satisfied that he is pursuing stable-footed truth in his researches amid the early paths of his subject.


In the republic, founded upon popular sovereignty, the people are supreme. They are the source of power. From them springs the government of the nation in its varied phases-National, State, and Municipal. The several States of the American Union, conceding to the General Government its central power, retain their individual sovereignty, within the limits prescribed by the Federal Constitu- tion, and, in the spirit and significance of the national legend ( E Pluribus Unum), are " many like the billows, and one like the sea." This principle of independent sovereignty runs through the whole system of the government, from the election of the federal executive to that of the most obscure constable or path-master. And it is by reason of this sovereignty that the beginning and progress of a county become no unimportant subjects to trace upon the permanent pages of history.


The ties of " home" have, ere now, thrown around sterile coasts, frozen plains, and mountain cliffs the halo of the love of a patriotic people. Is it surprising, then, that the undulating, flowery prairies and open vistas of park-like lawns, which, for extent and natural beauty, far excel the baronial manors of European aristocracy, and watered with clear running streams and quiet lakes-which beautiful landscape is embraced within the limits of Calhoun County-should charm the eyes of the first settlers as they emerged from the dark, dense forests of New York, Canada, and Ohio, and beget in their hearts a love for the sur- roundings of nature that clings to them in their old age, and falls but little short of reverence when they speak of the old county which witnessed their first strug- gles for life and competency ? These associations have made it a sacred and almost hallowed spot.


These old pioneers are fast sinking to rest after the toils and privations of the border, whither they came, buoyed up with hope and nerved with vigor, to build for themselves and their loved ones homes amid this beautiful scenery, while yet the whoop of the Indian and the howl of the wolf resounded on every side, and war's alarms came not infrequently, with imperious demands for blood and treasure. Here and there a white-haired veteran, bowed with the weight of years and the unremitting toil of pioneer life, remains an interesting relic of fast-fading times. Before all of these old, hardy pioneers, whose impress was the germ of the present, and whose endowment was lofty examples of courage and unabated energy, and who have durably stamped their characteristics upon worthy successors-before these have passed away, we seek to place upon the historic page the record of whom they were, and what they did to make their county the just pride of the great Peninsular State of the American Union. Records will be traced as far as they may yield the information sought; the memories of the pioneers will be laid under tribute ; the manuscripts of the provident will give their contributions, and all sources will be called into requisition to furnish material, reliable and certain, to bring forth a truthful history of this grand county.


Individual success is a proof of triumphant energy, and pledges a like career


to corresponding enterprises; therefore biographies of earnest, successful repre- sentative lives, intimately connected with the development of the county, will illustrate what energy, determination, and indomitable will have hitherto accom- plished, and can yet accomplish.


To foster local ties, to furnish examples of heroism, to exhibit the results of well-applied industry, and to mark the progress of the community, literature, art, and typography (an attractive trio) are freely employed to embellish and render invaluable a practical and interesting work.


Less than fifty years ago the first white settler built his cabin of rough, unhewn logs west of the principal meridian of the United States surveys in the State of Michigan. Until then the solitudes of the whole territory of southwestern Michi- gan, acquired in 1821 by the treaty of Chicago, had been unbroken by any sound of humanity save as that mysterious people, the Mound-Builders (whose monu- ments alone remain to tell us they once lived), had pursued their peaceful avoca- tions within its borders ; or their Indian successors had traversed its forests and plains; or in their light canoes sped over the unruffled bosoms of its lakes in pur- suit of game, or on the more bloody trail of war. Adventurous traders, coureurs des bois, and messengers with dispatches to beleaguered posts beyond the western lakes, had indeed followed the wild tribes, for commercial purposes, or passed across its boundaries, but no mark was left to show that an actual settlement had been made, with any idea of permanency, previous to 1827, in all of its wide extent.


A half-century has wrought a wondrous change. Despite privation, danger, and misfortune, farms multiplied and towns grew ; highways were cut through the forests ; streams were bridged ; morasses drained, and the stage-coach made its weekly trip between the eastern and western lakes. Then came the railways, connecting the populous and wealthy east with the western border, affording easy and rapid transit, and progress sprang forward, equipped for an untiring march. The productions of the soil were, as by magic, exchanged for the commerce of the seas and the manufactures of the seaboard. Education and religion walked hand in hand, and together wrought their beneficent mission, laying broad and deep the foundations of happiness and progress, and doing much also to erect the har- monious and symmetrical edifice thereon, which prosperous trade, busy manufacture, and toilsome agriculture have made a demonstrable certainty.




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