USA > Michigan > Calhoun County > History of Calhoun county, Michigan, With Illustrations descriptive of its scenery > Part 17
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The following is a list of the engagements participated in by the regiment : Mill Springs, Kentucky, January 19, 1862; Farmington, Mississippi, May 9, 1862; Siege of Corinth, May 10-31, 1862; Perryville, Kentucky, October 8, 1862; Lavergne, Tennessee, January 1, 1863; Chattanooga, Tennessee, October 6, 1863 ; Siege of Atlanta, Georgia, July 22 to September 2, 1864; Savannah, Georgia, December 11-21, 1864 ; Bentonville, North Carolina, March 19, 1865.
SECOND MICHIGAN CAVALRY.
This regiment rendezvoused at Grand Rapids, Colonel F. W. Kellogg command- ing. One company from Calhoun County, Company M, Captain S. H. Gorham, was mustered into the service with it October 2, 1861.
This regiment was led into the field by Colonel, afterwards General, Gordon Granger, and was commanded at the battle of Shiloh by Colonel, now Lieutenant- General, Philip H. Sheridan.
Perhaps none of its many engagements will awaken in the minds of the mem- bers of the regiment more vivid recollections than that of Booneville, July 1, 1862, where it most signally distinguished itself.
During the last week of June, 1862, Colonel Sheridan, while his regiment was stationed at Corinth, was ordered with his brigade, consisting of the Second Michigan (his own regiment), the Second Iowa Cavalry, Colonel Hatch, and two pieces of artillery, supported by two companies of infantry, to relieve a brigade stationed at Booneville, Mississippi, some twenty miles south of Corinth, on the Mobile and Ohio railroad, being at that time the extreme outpost of the army in that direction. The movement was duly accomplished so far as the cavalry was concerned, but the artillery and its support did not arrive at their destination until in the evening of the 1st of July. The rebel General Chalmers, then in
that vicinity, gaining information from citizens regarding the strength of the command at Booneville, and expecting to make an easy conquest, attacked Sher- idan's pickets at eight A.M. on July 1 with (as was afterwards ascertained) seven thousand mounted men. At that hour there was but one company on picket, Company K, Second Michigan Cavalry, commanded by Captain A. P. Campbell. Taking advantage of the cover of the woods, he checked the enemy long enough to receive a reinforcement of three companies, numbering only from thirty to fifty men each. The ground, although presenting advantages for defense in woods and small hills, yet had one disadvantage in having numerous roads centering on Booneville, by which the enemy could approach in almost any direction. The Second Michigan Cavalry was armed at that time with Colt's revolving rifle and pistol, making twelve shots to a man, either of them very destructive at from twenty-five to eighty rods. The men of the regiment had been drilled by Colonels Granger and Sheridan to fight mounted and dismounted, either as cavalry or sharp-shooters, as the nature of the engagement might demand.
When, therefore, they were attacked by Chalmers, and his fire returned with so much power and effect from troops on foot, he thought he had been misin- formed as to the strength of the force at Booneville. He advanced with double lines dismounted, and double columns in either flank mounted, with lines ex- tended far enough to swing round on either flank, rendering the position of Cap- tain Campbell in great danger of being surrounded and his force captured, while a solid column charged in the centre on the road. Their charge was met gal- lantly, by comparatively a mere handful of men, with such effect that they stag- gered back, and many fell almost at the muzzles of the rifles. Taking advantage of their momentary wavering, a new position was chosen a few rods to the rear, and Campbell was again in readiness to meet them. Inch by inch the ground was contested by the desperate fighting of the Second Michigan, nobly protected on the flank by the Second Iowa. Every man seemed to know his strength, and to take pride in using it to the fullest extent. When a charge was made by the enemy, instead of taking to their horses, which were kept under cover a few rods in the rear, they emptied their rifles of six shots at long range, then drew their revolvers, and before they had given them six more the enemy never failed to turn to the rear in confusion.
This continued until about two P.M., the command having fallen back about a mile and a half till within half a mile of the camp, when Colonel Sheridan, find- ing the enemy most determined and affairs becoming critical, viewing at a glance the situation, ordered one battalion by a circuitous route to charge the enemy in the rear,-two hundred men to charge seven thousand! yet they did it gallantly. At the same time a supply train arriving from Corinth, Sheridan ordered the en- gineer to give a lively and cheering blast with his whistle, and the reserve to yell with a will, thus leading the enemy to believe that reinforcements were arriving. He withdrew his force to Tupelo, and left Sheridan and his handful of brave men masters of the field. Next day one hundred and twenty-five of the enemy's killed were buried, and numbers of his wounded were left at houses in the neighborhood, and he carried off full loads of wounded in his ambulances. The Second Michi- gan lost forty-one in killed and wounded.
Its battles and skirmishes were as follows :
Point Pleasant, Missouri, March 9, 1862; Tiptonville, Missouri, March 9, 1862; New Madrid, Missouri, March 13, 1862; Island No. 10, Missouri, March 14 to April 7, 1862; Pine Hill, Mississippi, May 2, 1862; Monterey, Mississippi, May 3, 1862; Farmington, Mississippi, May 5, 1862; Siege of Corinth, Mississippi, May 10-30, 1862; Booneville, Mississippi, June 1, 1862 ; Blackland, Mississippi, June 5, 1862 ; Baldwin, Mississippi, June, 1862 ; Boone- ville, Mississippi, July 1, 1862; Rienzi, Mississippi, August, 1862 ; Perryville, Kentucky, October 8, 1862; Harrodsburg, Kentucky, October 10, 1862; Lan- caster, Kentucky, October 12, 1862; Rocastle River, Kentucky, October, 1862 ; Estill, Virginia, 1862 ; Blountsville, Tennessee, 1862 ; Zollicoffer, Tennessee, 1862 ; Watauga, Tennessee, 1862; Jonesville, Virginia, 1862 ; Bacon Creek, Kentucky, December 24, 1862 ; Glasgow, Kentucky, 1862; Milton, Tennessee, February 18, 1863; Cainsville, Tennessee, February 19, 1863; Spring Hill, Tennessee, February 29, 1863; Columbia, Tennessee, March 4, 5, 1863; Hills- boro, Tennessee, March 12, 1863; Brontwood, Tennessee, March 25, 1863; McGarrick's Ford, Tennessee, April, 1863; Triune, Tennessee, June 4, 1863; Rover, Tennessee, June 23, 1863 ; Middletown, Tennessee, June 24, 1863; Shelbyville, Tennessee, June 27, 1863 ; Elk River Ford, Tennessee, July 2, 1863 ; Dechard, Tennessee, July 4, 1863; Chickamagua, Tennessee, September 18-20, 1863; Anderson Cross-Roads, Tennessee, October, 1863; Sparta, Tennessee, December, 1863; Dandridge, Tennessee, December 24, 1863; Mossy Creek, Tennessee, December 29, 1863; Dandridge, Tennessee, January 17, 1864 ; Pigeon River, Tennessee, January 27, 1864; Dug Gap, Georgia, May 13, 14, 1864 ; Red Clay, Georgia, May, 1864; Etowah River, Georgia, May 24, 27, 28, 1864 ; Ackworth, Tennessee, June 2-5, 1864; Nashville, Tennessee, August
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HISTORY OF CALHOUN COUNTY, MICHIGAN.
30, 1864 ; Campbellsville, Tennessee, September 5, 1864 ; Franklin, Tennessee, September 27, 1864; Cypress River, Tennessee, October 7, 1864; Raccoon Ford, Tennessee, October 30, 1864 ; Shoal Creek, Tennessee, November 5, 1864 ; Lawrenceburg, Tennessee, November 21, 1864 ; Campbellsville, Tennessee, November 24, 1864; Columbia, Tennessee, November 25-27, 1864; Spring Hill, Tennessee, November 29, 1864; Bethesda Church, Tennessee, November 29, 1864 ; Franklin, Tennessee, November 30, 1864; Nashville, Tennessee, De- cember 15, 16, 1864 ; Richland Creek, Tennessee, December 24, 1864 ; Pulaski, Tennessee, December 25, 1864; Sugar Creek, Tennessee, December 26, 1864; Pricetown Yard, Tennessee, January 6, 1865 ; Corinth, Mississippi, February, 1865 ; Tuscaloosa, Alabama, April 1, 1865 ; Trion, Alabama, April 2, 1865 ; Bridgeville, Alabama, April 6, 1865; Talladega, Alabama, April 23, 1865.
EIGHTH MICHIGAN CAVALRY.
This regiment rendezvoused at Mount Clemens, where it was mustered into the United States service May 12, 1863, Colonel John Stockton commander, and was known at first as " Stockton's Independent Cavalry." Lieutenant-Colonel G. S. Wormer succeeded to the colonelcy on the resignation of Colonel Stockton, on account of ill health. One company of Calhoun County men were mustered into the service with this regiment,-Company A, Captain W. L. Buck, of Marshall, after- wards major, and taken prisoner. "While the record of this regiment is bright and dazzling, and numbers many successful and brilliant battles, none of them, per- haps, appear to more advantage than the severe fights at Athens and Calhoun, East Tennessee, September 26 and 27, 1863, in which its brigade, being the first of the Fourth division, Fourth army corps, became engaged with Forrest's and Wheeler's Cavalry, estimated at fifteen thousand, and where the regiment, in com- mand of Colonel Wormer, occupied a prominent position, fought stubbornly, and lost forty-three men in killed, wounded, and missing." Conspicuous, also, are its gallant achievements while checking the advance of Longstreet's army on Knox- ville, when the regiment, in command of Major Edgerly, participated in covering the retreat of the Union forces, then falling back before the rebel army from Lenoir Station or Knoxville. On that occasion the regiment was engaged with the enemy constantly from the 12th until the 19th of November, and afterwards took part in the glorious and successful defense of Knoxville until the raising of the siege on the 5th of December, when it joined in pursuit of the rebel army, skirmishing with their rear-guard, and driving them at every point until Reams' Station was reached, where it became heavily engaged on the 14th of December, but succeeded in pushing them with loss from every position. For its decided bravery, determined fighting, and the valuable service rendered the army, the regi- ment was complimented in special orders by General Burnside. It also took part in the fruitless raid of Stoneman on Macon, in July, and even in that fearfully disastrous undertaking won glorious distinction as a fighting regiment. When Stoneman became entirely surrounded, and surrender was evident, the Eighth Michigan, then in command of Colonel Mix, unwilling to lay down their arms to the rebels, and bearing in mind the honor of their State, as well as their own, obtained permission from the commanding general to cut their way out, and, dashing forward, commenced their desperate undertaking, surrounded entirely by the enemy, engaging him hand to hand. Colonel Mix being captured, owing to the loss of his horse, Major Buck assumed command, and succeeding in forcing a way through the enemy by persistent stubborn fighting, he undertook to reach the Union lines near Atlanta, but failed. After a hard march, much fatigue and exposure, having been seven days and eight nights in the saddle, pursued and harassed, he was overtaken, and, after a severe engagement, a large number were made prisoners, yet a portion of the regiment reached the Union lines. On the march from Nashville, November, 1864, for the purpose of watching the move- ments of Hood, then on his northern movement from Atlanta, they were con- tinually engaged for several days and nights ; a detachment of one officer and twenty-five men kept a whole regiment of rebels in check until Company B was sent forward to reinforce it, but, before reaching there, was beaten back and the detachment cut off. A battalion of the regiment held the whole force of rebels in check by a determined front and cool firing, and being also cut off from supports, cut its way through the enemy's lines and rejoined the brigade.
Its battles and skirmishes are as follows :
Triplet Bridge, Kentucky, June 19, 1863; Lebanon, Kentucky, July 5, 1863 ; Lawrenceburg, Kentucky, July 9, 1863; Salvica, Kentucky, July 10, 1863; Buffington's Island, Ohio, July 19, 1863; Winchester, Kentucky, July 25, 1863; Salineville, Ohio, July 26, 1863; Lancaster, Kentucky, July 30, 1863; Stam- ford, Kentucky, July 31, 1863; Kingston, Tennessee, September 1, 1863 ; Cleve- land, Tennessee, September 18, 1863 ; Calhoun, Tennessee, September 26, 1863 ; Athens, Tennessee, September 27, 1863; Loudon, Tennessee, September 29, 1863; Philadelphia, Tennessee, October 23, 1863; Sweet Water, Tennessee, October 26, 1863; Lenoir Station, Tennessee, November 12, 1863; Campbell's
Station, Tennessee, November 16, 1863 ; Knoxville, Tennessee, November 18, 1863 ; Rutledge, Tennessee, December 10, 1863; Reams' Station, Tennessee, December 14, 1863; New Market, Tennessee, December 25, 1863; Mossy Creek, Tennessee, January 10, 1864; Dandridge, Tennessee, January 17, 1864; Fair Garden, Tennessee, January 24, 1864 ; Sevierville, Tennessee, January 27, 1864 ; Kenesaw Mountain, Georgia, July 1, 1864; Sweet Water, Georgia, July 3, 1864 ; Chattahoochie, Georgia, July 4, 1864 ; Moore's Ridge, Georgia, July 12, 1864 ; Covington, Georgia, July 28, 1864; Macon, Georgia, July 30, 1864; Sunshine Church, Georgia, July 31, 1864 ; Eatonton, Georgia, August 1, 1864 ; Mulberry Creek, Georgia, August 3, 1864 ; Henryville, Tennessee, November 23, 1864; . Mount Pleasant, Tennessee, November 24, 1864 ; Duck River, Tennessee, Novem- ber 24, 1864; Nashville, Tennessee, December 14-22, 1864.
ELEVENTH MICHIGAN CAVALRY.
This regiment, which left the State for Kentucky, December 11, 1863, in com- mand of Colonel L. B. Brown, Captain James B. Mason, formerly of Company H, " Merrill Horse," being second in command, had among its companies one from Battle Creek, Company F, Captain D. D. Buck, afterwards major of the regiment. Out of the many battles and skirmishes in which this regiment participated with much credit, none, it is deemed, appeared to have proved the sterling bravery and efficiency of this pattern cavalry regiment more than the important battles of Salt- ville, Virginia, October 2, 1864, and Marion, Virginia, December 17 of the same year, as they will undoubtedly be considered by the regiment and those familiar with its history as among its principal engagements.
In August of that year the regiment was at Camp Burnside, on the Cumber- land River. On the 17th day of September following it was ordered to Mount Sterling, Kentucky, and thence engaged with its division, in command of General Burbridge, in an action at Saltville, Virginia, encountering the enemy at McCor- mick's Farm, Kentucky, on the 23d, and then at Laurel Mountain, Virginia, on the 29th, and at Bowen's Farm on the 30th and October 1. Having experienced a long and hazardous march through a rocky, barren country, and being in the advance, it skirmished daily with the enemy, who contested every foot of the ground with much vigor and persistence. The command of General Burbridge, on the morning of the 2d, came upon the enemy's works at Saltville, defended by the troops of Breckenridge, Echols, and Williams, numbering about twenty-two thou- sand, including seven thousand militia. The whole of Burbridge's command, numbering less than four thousand effective men, were ordered to move on the enemy's works, a different point of attack being assigned to each brigade. The nature of the ground, and the fact that the enemy greatly outnumbered the Union troops, and were behind strong embankments defended with twenty pieces of artillery, rendered the undertaking a very hazardous and desperate one. The brigade commanded and led by Colonel Brown, and to which the Eleventh Cav- alry, then in command of Lieutenant-Colonel Mason, were attached, carried the main work in most brilliant style, and were the only troops that effected a lodg- ment within the defenses. The fact that the Eleventh Cavalry alone lost eighty- six in killed, wounded, and missing-more men than were lost by any other brigade of the command-proved conclusively that the success of the troops under Brown was not the result of lack of courage or of determined and desperate fighting on the part of their opponents, but was a result of their own gallant and persistent fighting. The rebel position proving too strong to be held, the command, after most stubborn fighting, was withdrawn, but not until all its ammunition had been expended. On the retreat the Eleventh constituted the rear-guard, and next day skirmished with the enemy's advance, and the day following the battle was renewed near Sandy Mountain, where the regiment became cut off from the division, and surrounded by a body of cavalry, numbering about four thousand, under "Cerro Gordo" Williams. After a very sanguinary conflict of over an hour, the enemy closing in upon the regiment, Colonel Mason, determined on fight before surrender, led the regiment to the charge, and succeeded, after a bloody hand-to-hand encounter, in cutting through the rebel lines, punishing the enemy so severely that he abandoned any pursuit. This brilliant affair was not accom- plished without loss, which included the gallant Mason, a noble soldier. He was mortally wounded in the charge, and died the next day.
In the Stoneman raid into North Carolina, in December, 1864, a detachment of the Eleventh Michigan, numbering one hundred and twenty officers and men, under the command of Captain E. C. Miles, held a bridge during the whole en- gagement, which was of much importance, being the key to the position held by the Union troops. Captain George B. Mason, while gallantly attempting to rein- force Captain Miles with a squadron of the regiment, was mortally wounded. The bridge was stubbornly held under a severe fire from a heavy force on the opposite side of the river, and, in addition to the loss of Captain Mason, Lieutenant Davis and five enlisted men nobly fell in its defense. For this important service the detachment of Captain Miles received the highest praise from General Stoneman,
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HISTORY OF CALHOUN COUNTY, MICHIGAN.
and the regiment was thanked in the general orders of the department commander for its meritorious and valuable services in the battle of Marion. The Second brigade, of which the Eleventh formed a part at Salisbury, April 12, engaged a superior force of the enemy, and captured eighteen hundred prisoners, twenty- two pieces of artillery, and destroyed a large amount of property, and also the railroads and telegraph lines leading from that point. On the 20th of July it was consolidated with the Eighth Michigan Cavalry.
Its engagements with the enemy were as follows :
Pound Gap, Kentucky, May 17, 1864 ; Hazel Green, Kentucky, May 10, 1864 ; Mount Sterling, Kentucky, June 9, 1864; Lexington, Kentucky, June 10, 1864 ; Georgetown, Kentucky, June 13, 1864; Cynthiana, Kentucky, June 12, 1864; Port Burnside, Kentucky, August 30, 1864; McCormack's Farm, Kentucky, September 23, 1864 ; Laurel Mountain, Kentucky, September 29, 1864 ; Bowen's Farm, September 30, October 1, 1864; Saltville, Virginia, October 2, 1864; Sandy Mountain, Virginia, October 3, 4, 1864; Western Virginia, October 5, 1864; Hazel Green, Kentucky, November 9, 1864; McCormack's Farm, Ken- tucky, November 10, 1864; Morristown, Kentucky, November 13, 1864; Slate Creek, Kentucky, November 14, 1864; Mount Sterling, Kentucky, November 16, 1864 ; Clinch River, Tennessee, November 28, 1864; Russellville, Tennes- see, December 2, 1864 ; Morristown, Tennessee, December 2, 1864; Cobb's Ford, Tennessee, December 3, 1864; Bristol, Tennessee, December 13, 1864; Paper- ville, Tennessee, December 13, 1864; Abington, Virginia, December 15, 1864 ; Wytheville, Virginia, December 16, 1864; Mount Airy, Virginia, December 17, 1864 ; Marion, Virginia, December 18, 1864; Seven Miles Ford, December 19, 1864; Saltville, Virginia, December 20, 21, 1864; Jonesboro, Virginia, Decem- ber 23, 1864 ; Clinch River, Virginia, December 24, 1864 ; Morristown, Virginia, December 25, 1864; McCormack's Farm, Kentucky, December 29, 1864 ; Mount Sterling, Kentucky, January 19, 1865; Hazel Green, Kentucky, January 28, 1865 ; Flemingsburg, Kentucky, February 18, 1865; Boone, North Carolina, March 27, 1865; Yadkin River, North Carolina, March 28, 1865 ; Mount Airy, Virginia, March 31, 1865; Hillsville, Virginia, April 1, 1865 ; Saline, Virginia, April 3, 1865 ; Christiansburg, Virginia, April 3, 1865 ; Jonesboro, Tennessee, April 5, 1865 ; Danbury, North Carolina, April 9, 1865 ; Slatesville, North Caro- lina, April 10, 1865; Ford near Slatesville, North Carolina, April 11, 1865; Salis- bury, North Carolina, April 12, 1865 ; Slatesville, North Carolina, April 13, 1865; Morgantown, North Carolina, April 16-18, 1865 ; Swannano Gap, North Caro- lina, April 19, 1865 ; Hendersonville, North Carolina, April 21, 1865 ; Ashville, North Carolina, April 25, 1865 ; Ward's Farm, North Carolina, April 28, 1865 ; Cæsar's Head, South Carolina, April 30, 1865 ; Pickensville, South Carolina, May 1, 1865 ; Anderson Court-House, South Carolina, May 2, 1865.
MERRILL HORSE.
This regiment was a Missouri organization, and three companies from Battle Creek were members of it. In September, 1861, Company H, Captain J. B. Mason, and Company I, Captain Jabez H. Rogers, were raised, and went into the field; and in January, 1863, Company L, Captain Almon E. Preston, was recruited, and entered the service. The regiment was actively engaged, and saw much service in the field during the whole period of the war. These companies served with the western armies exclusively.
From the address of Captain A. E. Preston, of Company L, Merrill Horse, delivered on the occasion of the decoration of the soldiers' graves in Battle Creek in 1876, we clip the following history of Companies H, I, and L, of that famous cavalry organization.
Early in the summer of 1862, Companies H and I, with Mason and Rowell in command, constituted part of a force operating in North Missouri against Porter, the noted guerrilla chief, who was preying upon the Unionists of that section, plundering their farms and committing various other unwarrantable depredations.
For many days the track of the wily chieftain was followed in the vain en- deavor to bring him to bay and force him to fight. Finally, at a point near Memphis, the enemy was encountered on the 18th of July, 1862, strongly posted in ambuscade, with the intention, no doubt, of surprising our forces and punish- ing them for their temerity in following so close upon his heels. How well he succeeded the sequel shows. Gregory, who was in command of the advance, immediately dismounted his men and skirmished forward to determine the enemy's position. But Mason and Rowell coming up at the moment with Companies H and I, Major Clopper in command, Gregory was ordered to remount his men, and, with the balance of the companies now at hand, to charge, through a thick undergrowth, upon the concealed foe. Most fatal mistake! But so fearful was Clopper that the enemy would again escape him without feeling the steel of his troopers, that the desperate chance was taken of dashing headlong into the well- concealed trap that had been set for him.
The line was formed, the bugle sounded the charge, and away they went right against the enemy's invisible line. As the charging squadrons came within pistol range of Porter's still undefined position, they were met by a volley of musketry from a compact line of men that seemed by some magic to have risen from out the earth. Bleeding, shattered, reeling under the murderous blast, the brave blue-caps were compelled to fall back and reform their broken ranks. Again they charged and re-charged, time after time, in the vain endeavor to carry the enemy's well-chosen position ; but so terrible was their reception at each successive onset that the discomfited troopers were finally obliged to retire and adopt a more sensible mode of attack.
This was the baptism of fire of Michigan men in the Merrill Horse. Is it any wonder that the kind-hearted Mason wept when he surveyed the sad havoc that had been wrought in his ranks? Of the two hundred and fifty men engaged, forty-five lay stretched upon the field dead or wounded. Gregory, Kelsey, and Robinson were severely wounded, and Sherman mortally.
Company L of the Merrill Horse was raised, and joined the regiment, then stationed at Warrenton, in North Missouri, in December. From that point the company and regiment marched south during the season of 1863, traversing the States of Missouri and Arkansas, meeting the enemy at Brownsville, Bayou Metor, Little Rock, Prairie De Ann, Little Missouri, and Camden. The com- pany lost heavily by disease, from the unhealthy character of the country in which it was stationed. Twenty-two of its number are resting in obscure graves scattered along the line of its march from the Missouri river to the southern bounds of Arkansas.
They were in the following engagements :
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