USA > Michigan > Calhoun County > History of Calhoun county, Michigan, With Illustrations descriptive of its scenery > Part 32
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THE CENTRAL BUILDING.
The central school building was erected in 1870-71. It is three stories high, with a basement ; is built of brick and cut stone, and is roofed with slate. The whole building, outside of walls, is ninety-six and a half by one hundred and nineteen and a half feet. Measuring from the water-table, it is fifty-three feet to the top of the wall-plate, one hundred and twenty-four to the top of the cupola, and one hundred and thirty-three to the top of the vane. It has three entrances : one, the main entrance, in front, and two in the rear. On the first floor are seven school- rooms, three in each end of the building, and one behind the main entrance and be- tween the two halls running to the rear. These rooms are twenty-five by thirty- five feet, and alto- gether seat four hun- dred primary pupils.
On the second floor are seven school rooms and the office of the superintendent. The rooms are of the same size as those below, are appropriated to the grammar school grades, and will each seat forty-two pupils, or two hundred and sixty-four in all.
CENTRAL SCHOOL BUILDING, BATTLE CREEK.
WARD NO. 2.
This building is located on Green street, and was erected in 1857. It is two stories high, the main building being fifty-three by thirty-two feet, with projections on either side ten by twenty-six feet, for the entrances, halls, and stairways. It contains four school-rooms, with a seating capacity of two hundred and twenty-five. The building is of brick, on a foundation of rubble stone; the roof and cornice of modern style, and surmounted by a cupola. A basement under the main building affords room for a year's supply of fuel and other necessary fixtures. Value of building and grounds, fifteen thousand dollars.
WARD NO. 3.
This building is located on Champion street, and was erected in 1861. It is thirty-six by forty-four feet, two stories high, with a basement, each story contain- ing two rooms and a hall. It has seats for one hundred and seventy-five pupils. The building is of brick, with iron trimmings, and a heavy projecting cornice with brackets. The outline of the roof is broken in front by an ornamental pediment, the whole crowned by a cupola. Value of building and grounds, fifteen thousand dollars.
WARD NO. 4.
This building is located on Lydia street. It was erected in 1866, and is thirty- two by forty-two feet, with a projection in front twelve by thirty-two feet for the entrance hall and stairways. It is of brick, two stories high, with rubble stone basement, iron trimmings, bracketed cornice, and a cupola. It has four rooms, with seats for two hundred pupils. The front out- line is broken by the projecting entrance hall, and the sur- mounting pediment and roof intersect the main roof at the base of the tower, giving the building a hand- some appearance. Value of building and grounds, twenty thou- sand dollars.
BOARD OF EDUCA- TION.
Walter W. Wool- nough, president ; Charles E. Thomas, secretary ; Myron H. Joy, treasurer ; John M. Galloup, Albert H. Geddes, Zeno Gould.
The standing com- mittees of the board for the present year are as follows :
The high school de- partment is upon the third floor. On it are two school-rooms, seating one hundred and forty-two pupils, three recitation- rooms, a music-room, a library, and a museum. The seating of the building at present is, therefore, eight hundred and forty-six ; but can easily be increased to over nine hundred.
In the basement are the laboratory, the engine-room, and two dining-rooms, for the use of those pupils who, living at a distance, cannot go to their homes and return between the morning and afternoon sessions.
The building is warmed by steam, and thoroughly ventilated by a seemingly perfect arrangement of heated flues, which secure for all the rooms a constant and rapid introduction of pure, and expulsion of impure, air.
On each floor are ample cloak-rooms, in which are hooks for every pupil, num- bered to correspond with the seats.
Water, both for washing and drinking purposes, is furnished in the rear halls on each floor. The windows are provided throughout with inside blinds.
The whole interior wood-work is finished without paint, showing the natural color and grain of the wood, which is ash, except the doors and blinds, which are pine. In a word, the building, in its arrangements, its adaptation, and finishing, is exceedingly convenient and beautiful. Value of building and grounds, one hundred thousand dollars.
School Buildings, Grounds, Janitors, and Supplies .- Gould, Geddes, Joy. Text-Books, Course of Instruction, and Teachers .- Joy, Thomas, Galloup. Auditing and Finance .- Galloup, Thomas, Gould.
Rules, Regulations, Apparatus, and Furniture .- Thomas, Woolnough, Gal- loup.
Library .- Geddes, Joy, Woolnough.
TEACHERS.
I. L. Stone, A.M., Superintendent.
High School .- W. H. Townsend, A.B. (Latin and Greek), Principal; Helen B. Muir (Higher Mathematics), Preceptress; Flora Woodward, English and Math- ematics ; Libbie M. Barber, English and Mathematics ; Josie E. Chamberlain, English and Mathematics ; Camilla W. Haentzsche, German.
Grammar Schools .- Mary Welch, No. 1 ; Katie L. Haug, No. 1 ; Hattie L. Frey, No. 1; Carrie F. Frey, No. 1; Flora Mechem, No. 1; Jennie Sprague, No. 1; Josie Onderdonk, No. 2; Emma Hubbard, Principal, No. 3; Lenna D. Warriner, Principal, No. 4.
Primary Schools .- A. Therese Wilder, No. 1; Gertrude A. Kinsley, No. 1; Sara E. Farman, No. 1; Anna C. Timpson, No. 1; Evelyn A. Warriner, No. 2;
87
HISTORY OF CALHOUN COUNTY, MICHIGAN.
Mary F. Mott, No. 2; Jennie B. Gough, No. 2; Eveline G. Lewis, No. 3; Lil- lian Rowley, No. 3; Ella Skinner, No. 4; Frankie E. Crum, No. 4; Librarian, Therese French.
STATISTICS FOR THE SCHOOL YEAR 1875-76.
Population of the district.
5,581
Number of children between five and twenty years of age. 1.591
Cash valuation of school property
$150,000.00 1,100,900.00
Cost of superintendence and instruction ...
12,250.00
Amount paid superintendent.
1,700.00
Amount paid special teachers.
4,427.48
Amount paid for bonds and interest.
10,500.00
Amount paid for permanent improvements.
Primary Department.
Grammar Department. Department.
Totals and Averages.
Enrollment (including transfers) .... 918
489
192
1.599
Average number belonging .. .. 502.82
325.53
128.57
956.92
No. of men teachers, including super- intendent.
1.2
2
Number of women teachers. 11
9
4.5
25
Cost of education per capita for inci- dentals ..
4.62
4.62
4.62
4.62
Total cost of education per capita ..... 14.10
16.99
31.27
Average per capita cost for the whole school ..
...
...
17.42
Number of non-resident pupils 5
24
59
88
$4,979.16
Amount received from interest on permanent funds .....
797.00
Taxation ....
26,000.00
Amount received from tuition fees
905.31
Total receipts
32,681.47
The following table shows what studies were taught in the High School, with the number of pupils in each :
Studies.
Boys.
Girls.
Total.
Reading.
.54
83
137
Spelling
78
110
188
Arithmetic
.51
85
136
Grammar and Composition
33
61
94
Algebra ...
51
94
145
Geometry ..
9
10
19
Astronomy
6
6
12
Botany
14
28
42
Rhetoric
16
33
49
Writing.
.27
59
86
English Literature.
34
36
70
Book-keeping.
19
10
29
Chemistry.
4
13 11
17 17
General History
27
48
Government of Michigan.
20
29
Latin.
15
18
33
Greek
6
6
French .
2
2
4
German ....
9
13
22
Natural Philosophy.
The following table exhibits the enrollment by grades :
HIGH SCHOOL.
Boys.
Girls.
Total.
Average Age.
12th year grade
4
9
13
18.2
11th
19
19
38
17.7
10th "
27
25
52
16.2
9th
27
58
85
15.4
Total
77
111
188
GRAMMAR SCHOOLS.
Boys.
Girls.
Total.
Average Age.
8th year grade
50
57
10
15
7th «
31
50
81
13.4
6th "
.54
51
105
13.0
5th . "
68
82
150
11.7
Total
203
240
443
PRIMARY SCHOOLS.
Boys.
Girls.
Total.
Average Age.
4th year grade.
85
89
174
10.4
3d
65
68
133
9.4
2d
118
107
225
8.3
1st
84
92
176
6.8
Total
352
356
708
Boys.
Girls.
. Total.
Total enrollment, not including transfers.
632
707
1,339
Subjoined are the different studies in the grades below the high school, with the number of pupils in each :
Reading and Spelling.
1152
Written Arithmetic ...
649
Mental Arithmetic.
255
Numbers.
530
Grammar ...
113
Elementary Grammar
146
Geography
336
Primary Geography.
299
Writing.
811
United States History.
96
Elementary Physics.
116
Elementary Botany.
295
Object Lessons.
397
MANUFACTURING INTERESTS.
There is nothing more indicative of the prosperity of a place than its manu- facturing interests ; and basing the present activity and the prospective future development of Battle Creek, as a manufacturing centre, upon its natural advan- tages and eligibility, and upon the enterprise of its citizens, very promising re- sults are manifest. The most prominent manufacturing establishment in the city is that of
NICHOLS, SHEPARD & CO.,
the proprietors of the " Vibrator" thrashing-machine works. It is generally appre- ciated by the farmer that the thrashing-machine is one of the most important .. articles of farm-machinery that the inventive talent of the age has produced. Its province and distinctive field is to secure to the farmer and grain-grower the net results of many months of patient toil. Hence the manufacture of this essential adjunct of agricultural industry, and that too on a scale proportionately un- surpassed in the country, is an honor of which Battle Creek feels justly proud. The nucleus around which this extensive establishment has developed was a com- paratively small works located in West Canal street, originated by Messrs. Nichols & Shepard in 1848. A remarkable feature connected with its growth and progress is the fact that it has been continuous for twenty-nine years, there hav- ing been no change in the firm nor no essential alteration in the class of manu- factures, except so far as the advancement in mechanical science demanded.
An extended visit to the establishment of Messrs. Nichols, Shepard & Co., for the purpose of writing a description of their works, enables us to submit to our readers and their posterity the subjoined account :
As above stated, the works were originated by the present senior members of the company in West Canal street in 1848. There they flourished until 1869, when they erected their present works, which are located at the junction of the M. C. and C. and L. H. railroads. We first called at the office, which is a sub- stantial building, as nearly fire-proof in its construction as possible. It is forty feet square, and, like the other buildings, is of brick. In it are the main office, located. on the first floor, and several other rooms necessary for the transaction of the official business of the establishment. It is furnished with a fire-proof vault, in which are the safes, wherein are kept the books and other valuables of the company. Here several clerks are employed, and an admirable business system is observable in every department.
The building first reached after leaving the office is the foundry, which is one hundred and twenty feet in length and eighty feet in width, with walls eighteen feet high, surmounted with an elevated roof, which is supplied with windows, so that the workmen are supplied with a plenitude of light and air not generally the case in similar establishments. Into the foundry is brought the pig-iron, which is there cast into the different parts necessary for the iron-work on the machines.
To the left of the office, and next on our way from the foundry, is a large T-shaped structure, which contains several departments. Its entire length is three hundred and fourteen feet, and its width fifty feet. First in this comes the iron machine-shop, into which the rough castings are brought from the foundry, and by means of a great variety of the latest improved machinery are prepared for their intended use. It is no exaggeration to state, relative to the multitudi- nous array of machinery found in this building, that it is equal to that of any manufacturing establishment in this State, and excelled by few, if any, similar institutions in the Union. Adjoining the above, and divided from it by a brick wall and connected by iron doors, is the wood machine-shop, where the immense quantity of lumber-two million feet being used annually in the manufacture of the " Vibrator"-is taken in the rough as it comes from the Michigan lumber regions, and is here converted in the necessary sizes, shapes, and degree of finish requisite for the parts of the thrasher for which it is to be used. This room is furnished with every conceivable machine for the careful preparation of lumber for plain or ornamental work. Here are planers, matchers, tenoners, mortisers, and other apparatus, with all the modern adjuncts of improvement and extra facilities for rapid and perfect work. In the wheel-room alone two men are enabled to turn out forty or more wagon-wheels per diem. Adjacent to this is the belting department, where the large amount of belting required for the machines is manufactured from the raw material.
In the engine-room, which is near the room last described, can be seen the motive-power which runs the machinery of the establishment. The engine is of one hundred and ten horse-power, and was manufactured by C. H. Brown & Co., of Fitchburg, Massachusetts, and is certainly an admirable piece of mechanical workmanship, and without a superior in the northwest.
The boiler-room, which is next adjoining, contains two boilers of sixty-inch diameter and eighteen feet in length, with sixty-six three-inch flues. These are from the well-known works of John Brennan, of Detroit, and are made of Lake
Physiology.
9
9
18
5
5
Natural Philosophy
6
Geology ...
21
9
2
9
11
Balance on hand from last year.
High School
153.23
Cost of incidentals (including repairs, fuel, and janitors).
Assessed valuation of district property.
88
HISTORY OF CALHOUN COUNTY, MICHIGAN.
Superior charcoal boiler-plate iron, which is the best for the purpose in use. In connection with this is the fuel-room, which is especially noticeable from the fact that by a very ingenious arrangement it is made the receptacle of the shavings and refuse from the wood machine-shop, which are conveyed into it through a large tube, the necessary force for the purpose being furnished by a fan kept in constant motion by the same power which the fuel is used to create. It may also be noted here that the entire establishment is heated by steam furnished also by the boilers, and conveyed by pipes throughout the different shops.
Among the accessories to and located not far from the iron machine-shop is a separate building erected for use as a blacksmith-shop, which is one hundred and sixteen by forty feet, and, like all the other buildings, is remarkably well lighted. The necessary draught for the forges is furnished by machinery. The shop is also supplied with improved shears and punches, the former being used for cutting the material and the latter for punching the numerous pieces of iron required in the construction of the machines.
Next comes the setting-up room, which is conveniently located, and is one hundred and fifty by fifty feet. Here the various parts of the machine are laid together, piece by piece, until the powerful instrument, which is to accomplish the work of a thousand flails, stands complete, a marvel of mechanical excellence and economy.
The paint-shops are buildings-one of which is one hundred and ten by fifty feet, and the other eighty by forty feet-where the process of painting the machines is accomplished, after which they are removed to the warehouse and storage-room, which is the largest single structure on the grounds, being two hun- dred and fourteen feet long and one hundred and seven wide, and four stories high. This building has a capacity for storing eight hundred machines, and when well filled presents a fine display of Battle Creek industry.
The steam fire-engine house is quite a necessary institution. It contains a complete Silsby rotary fire-engine, supplied with water from an artesian well. It is connected with the engine proper of the establishment during the day, and at night is usually kept fired up, so that in a few seconds it can be utilized. On the grounds are five hydrants, of two streams each, so that from ten to twelve streams can be put in play very shortly in case of fire. The engine-house is of brick, and has a galvanized-iron roof. All the rest of the buildings have gravel roofs.
The grounds, including the buildings, lumber-yard (in which are kept seven million feet of lumber), and depot, occupy ninety-seven acres. The company have a private locomotive for the transfer of freight, and, in fact, have every facility for the systematic and perfect conduct of their mammoth business.
In 1869 the old firm of Nichols & Shepard was incorporated under the title of " Nichols, Shepard & Company." The first officers were : President, John Nich- ols ; Vice-President, H. H. Taylor, of Chicago ; Superintendent, David Shepard; Secretary and Treasurer, E. C. Nichols. The present officers are: President, John Nichols; Vice-President, David Shepard; Secretary and Treasurer, E. C. Nichols.
The company have a capital and surplus of eight hundred and forty thousand dollars, and employ two hundred and fifty hands, with an annual pay-roll of one hundred and forty thousand dollars.
The development of so extensive an industry required vast enterprise, great energy, and unremitting industry, coupled with executive ability of no mean order. Those who are acquainted with the management of the "Vibrator" Thrashing- Machine Company require no assurances from us as to the possession, by its mem- bers, of all the qualities above enumerated. A residence of thirty years in Battle Creek, and a close identification during that period with its material progress and industrial growth, insure a reputation as enviable as it is well deserved. In every State in the Union, and wherever the agriculturist plies his vocation successfully, the " Vibrator" is used, and wherever used it stands pre-eminently meritorious.
THE BATTLE CREEK MACHINERY COMPANY.
This concern was started as an agricultural works, by D. B. Burnham, in 1854. The class of manufactures was changed gradually from agricultural tools to wood- carving and other machinery. In 1873 wood-sawing machinery and horse-power and the " Boult's patent moulding-machine" became special articles of manufac- ture by the firm. On the 1st of May, 1873, the present company was organ- ized under the corporate title of " The Battle Creek Machinery Company," with a paid-up capital of thirty-five thousand dollars. It had in view the more exten- sive manufacture of the " Boult patent" moulding, paneling, dovetailing, and other similar machinery. They now employ twenty-five hands. The first and present officers of the company were and are as follows: President, William Andrews; Vice-President, J. M. Ward; General Manager, D. B. Burnham ; Secretary and Treasurer, Frank Beach.
THE UPTON MANUFACTURING COMPANY.
In 1861 the firm of J. S. Upton & Co. was established, for the purpose of manufacturing the "Michigan Sweepstakes" thrashing-machines, and com- menced business on their present stand the same year. It continued as at first formed until 1858, when the title was changed to Upton, Brown & Co., which was composed of J. S. Upton, Wm. Brown, Wm. Brooks, and Parley Upton. They transacted a moderately successful business, finding sales for their ma- chines in Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, and Michigan. In 1869 they erected a large two-story brick building in addition to those they had, which is now used for the manufacture of their wood-work. In 1867 a stock company was formed, and the old firm was merged into " The Upton Manufacturing Com- pany," its present title. It has a capital of one hundred thousand dollars, and employs about seventy-five men. President, James S. Upton; Secretary and Treasurer, Henry M. Strong. Besides the "Sweepstakes," they now make a specialty of the "Combination," a machine patented during the present year (1877) by J. S. Upton.
R. B. MERRETT.
The firm of which Mr. Merrett is now the sole proprietor was established in 1871, and then and up to 1874 consisted of himself and L. C. Kellogg (now city recorder). After the retirement of the latter, Mr. Merrett continued the business alone. He now manufactures portable, stationary, and self-propelling agricultural implements, and is also a general jobber in brass and iron castings, mill-gearing and shafting. Capital invested, twenty thousand dollars ; hands employed, twenty. The works occupy the former location of Nichols & Shepard's old place.
LATTA & SHUPE.
The manufacturing establishment now operated by the above firm was started in 1872 by Beauregard & Matthews, and continued by them until January 18, 1875, when the present proprietors came into possession. They manufacture all kinds of agricultural implements, making a specialty of the " Champion Culti- vator," on which they have taken two premiums at State fairs (Michigan and Wisconsin), and at nine county fairs in Michigan, Wisconsin, and New York. Their capital is twenty-five thousand dollars, and they employ on an average twenty hands.
ADAMS & SMITH'S
is the oldest establishment for the manufacture of carriages and wagons in the city, having been started in 1845. In 1850 they erected their present works, near Hart's Mills.
E. CLAPP & SON
is perhaps the most extensive carriage- and wagon-manufactory in the city. It was established by E. Clapp, the senior member, May 11, 1848, and was continued by him alone until 1876. when he took his son, William Clapp, into partnership with him. In 1860 the blacksmith- and paint-shop was built, and in 1868 the carriage- and wagon-factory as it now stands. The capital invested is thirty-five thousand dollars ; hands employed, twenty-five.
MASON, RATHBUN & CO.
established themselves in the general lumber and planing business here in 1868. The firm then consisted of Messrs. W. H. Mason, A. V. Powell, and F. W. Rath- bun. Mr. Powell has since retired. Capital invested, twenty thousand dollars ; hands employed, ten.
BUCK, HOYT & CO.
Messrs. Darwin D. Buck and J. G. Hoyt commenced the furniture business in September, 1866. They were by no means strangers in the city, as they had for some ten years previously been engaged as builders, and were well and favorably known. In October, 1868, H. B. Denman was admitted as a partner, and re- mained in the concern until his death, in 1875. The surviving partners pur- chased his interest and continued business under the old firm-style. Their factory is on West Canal street, and their warerooms 108 Jefferson street. They are the most extensive furniture-manufacturers and dealers in the city.
S. L. BADGSLEY
is the proprietor of the Battle Creek tannery, which was established in 1846. We learn from Charles S. Gray, Esq., one of the original owners of it, that it was erected by himself and John Palmer, in the spring of the above year. It was the first in the place. The first hide was tanned in July, and the first proceeds were from a hide that cost one dollar and fifty cents, occupied four days in tanning, and was sold for six dollars. Small profits and quick returns. It was purchased by the proprietor of the old mill since rebuilt by Titus & Hicks, and used for elevator bucket belts. In January, 1847, Mr. Gray sold his interest to John
-
RESIDENCE OF LEOPOLD WERSTEIN, BATTLE CREEK, MICH.
HAR WARE LS, STOVE
J.M.WARD & SON.
J . M. WARD & SON'S MILL & WAREHOUSE, BATTLE CREEK, MICH. BRANCH WAREHOUSES AT BELLEVUE, CLIMAX, VICKSBURG. MARCELLUS, EDWARDSBURG, MICHIGAN.
POTTER HOUSE
POTTER HOUSE, H POTTER & SON, PROPS. BATTLE CREEK, MICH.
89
HISTORY OF CALHOUN COUNTY, MICHIGAN.
Palmer. In 1848 he bought it back again, and Palmer sold his half to Hiram Dorman. In 1849 they sold the establishment to A. D. Munger, and he to Oakley & Wheeler, and the latter his share to S. L. Badgsley. In 1867, Mr. Oakley retired, leaving Mr. Badgsley the sole proprietor. W. H. Barber, the present foreman, has worked in the tannery since 1847. Capital invested, twenty- five thousand dollars ; hands employed, six. The establishment is noted for its neat and cleanly appearance.
The manufacture of cigars is quite an industry of Battle Creek. The three principal manufacturers are :
L. B. CLAPP,
who established his factory, which is No. 81 of the third revenue district, in 1870. He manufactures about one million annually. He employs about twenty-five hands.
A. M. MINTY,
proprietor of factory No. 436, established his business in 1871. He annually manufactures about eight hundred thousand cigars, and employs twenty hands.
B. VAN PRAAGH
first started on a small scale in 1868. He now operates factory No. 438, and makes about five hundred thousand cigars a year. He employs from six to ten hands, according to the demands of his business.
GRIST-MILLS.
The pioneer grist-mill of Battle Creek was that erected by Almon Whitcomb, in September, 1837, and which stood on the site at present occupied by the Star mills of Titus & Hicks. The same year Alonzo Noble and E. Pratt purchased a one-half interest of Mr. Whitcomb. On the 1st of March, 1839, Esco Pratt sold his interest to John Cox, and he, on the 5th of May, 1845, to William B. Palmer. December 1 of the same year Whitcomb & Palmer sold to Nelson Benham, who, on the 19th of May, 1846, sold to John Henry, and he again to Benham same year, and he to William Moore, November 26, 1849, and William Moore to Almon Whitcomb, and so on through about a dozen different hands until Decem- ber 8, 1852, when Ellery Hicks bought a half-interest in it, and the water-power of Chester Buckley, May 25, 1859. R. F. Titus purchased the remaining half- interest of Chester Buckley, and formed a copartnership with Mr. Hicks, under the firm-style of Titus & Hicks. In 1862, Mr. Hicks died, and his son, Wm. E. Hicks, one of the present proprietors, succeeded to his interest. In 1868, Mr. Titus died, and his interest fell to his son, Samuel J. Titus. The title remained the same under the new proprietorship.
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