USA > Michigan > Michigan legislative manual and official directory for the years 1899-1900 > Part 7
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Board of regents.
(8) As amended by joint resolution No. 17, laws of 1861, p. 589; ratified election of 1862.
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR. University Hall.
49
CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN.
ART. XIII.
shall constitute the board of regents of the university of Michigan.
Sterling v. Regents of University, 110 Mich. 369.
SEC. 7. The regents of the university and their successors To be a body in office shall continue to constitute the body corporate, corporate. known by the name and title of "The Regents of the. Uni- Name. versity of Michigan."
Regents v. Board of Education, 4 Mich. 213; Regents v. Detroit Y. M. Society, 12 Mich. 138; Sterling v. Re- gents of University, 110 Mich. 369.
SEC. 8. The regents of the university shall, at their first President of annual meeting, or as soon thereafter as may be, elect a university. president of the university, who shall be ex officio a member of their board, with the privilege of speaking but not of voting. He shall preside at the meetings of the regents and be the principal executive officer of the university. The board of regents shall have the general supervision of the Supervision of univer- sity.
university, and the direction and control of all expenditures from the university interest fund.
People v. Regents, 4 Mich. 98; People v. Auditor Gen- eral, 17 Mich. 161; People v. Regents, 18 Mich. 469; People v. Regents, 30 Mich. 473; University v. Rose, 45 Mich. 284; Sterling v. Regents of University, 110 Mich. 369.
SEC. 9. There shall be elected at the general election in Board of the year one thousand eight hundred and fifty-two three education. members of a state board of education; one for two years, one for four years, and one for six years; and at each suc- ceeding biennial election there shall be elected one member of such board, who shall hold his office for six years. The Superin- .
struction to
superintendent of public instruction shall be ex officio a mem- tendent of ber and secretary of such board. The board shall have the public in- general supervision of the state normal school, and their du- be member. ties shall be prescribed by law.
SEC. 10. Institutions for the benefit of those inhabitants Asylums. who are deaf, dumb, blind, or insane shall always be fos- tered and supported.
Van Dusen v. Newcomer, 40 Mich. 90.
SEC. 11. The legislature shall encourage the promotion of Agricultural intellectual, scientific and agricultural improvements; and school. shall, as soon as practicable, provide for the establishment of an agricultural school. The legislature may appropriate the Appropria- twenty-two sections of salt spring lands now unappropriated. for. tion of land or the money arising from the sale of the same, where such lands have been already sold, and any land which may here- after be granted or appropriated for such purpose for the support and maintenance of such school, and may make the same a branch of the university, for instruction in agricul- ture and the natural sciences connected therewith, and place May be made branch of the same under the supervision of the regents of the uni- university. versity.
(t) SEC. 12. The legislature shall also provide for the estab- Town lishment of at least one library in each township and city,
libraries.
(t) As amended by joint resolution No. 25, public acts 1879, p. 312 ; ratified April election, 1881.
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50
CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN.
ART. XIV
and all fines assessed and collected in the several counties and townships for any breach of the penal laws shall be exclusively applied to the support of such libraries, unless otherwise ordered by the township board of any township or the board of education of any city: Provided, That in no case shall such fines be used for other than library or school purposes.
People v. Jackson, 8 Mich. 110; People v. Treasurer Wayne Co., 8 Mich. 392; Attorney General v. St. Clair, 11 Mich. 63; Wayne Co. v. Detroit, 17 Mich. 390; People v. Controller of Detroit, 18 Mich. 445; Mixer v. Sup. of Manistee, 26 Mich. 422; Youngblood v. Sexton, 32 Mich. 406; Fennell v. C. C. Bay City, 36 Mich. 186; Belles v. Burr, 76 Mich. 1.
ARTICLE XIV. FINANCE AND TAXATION.
Specific taxes. SECTION 1. All specific state taxes, except those received from the mining companies of the upper peninsula, shall be applied in paying interest upon the primary school, uni- versity and other educational funds and the interest and principal of the state debt in the order herein recited, until the extinguishment of the state debt, other than the amounts due to educational funds, when such specific taxes shall be Tax for state added to, and constitute a part of the primary school inter- expenses. est fund. The legislature shall provide for an annual tax, sufficient with other resources, to pay the estimated ex- penses of the state government, the interest of the state debt, and such deficiency as may occur in the resources ..
Walcott v. People, 17 Mich. 68; People v. Salem, 20 Mich. 452; Youngblood v. Sexton, 32 Mich. 406; Auditor Gen. v. State Treasurer, 45 Mich. 161; Lake Superior Ship Canal, etc., v. Auditor Gen. 79 Mich. 351; Longyear v. Buck, 83 Mich. 236; Chambe v. Durfee, 100 Mich. 112; Hammond v. Muskegon School Board, 109 Mich. 678; University Regents v. Auditor General, 109 Mich. 135.
Sinking fund.
SEC. 2. ' The legislature shall provide by law a sinking fund of at least twenty thousand dollars a year, to commence in eighteen hundred and fifty-two, with compound interest at the rate of six per cent. per annum and an annual increase of at least five per cent. to be applied solely to the payment and extinguishment of the principal of the state debt. other than the amounts due to educational funds, and shall be con- tinued until the extinguishment thereof. The unfunded debt shall not be funded or redeemed at a value exceeding that established by law in one thousand eight hundred and forty- eight.
Auditor Gen. v. State Treasurer, 45 Mich. 161.
State may contract debts.
SEC. 3. The state may contract debts to meet deficits in revenue. Such debts shall not in the aggregate at any one time exceed fifty thousand dollars. The moneys so raised shall be applied to the purposes for which they were ob- tained, or to the payment of debts so contracted.
To repel invasions.
SEC. 4. The state may contract debts to repel invasion, suppress insurrection, or defend the state in time of war. The money arising from the contracting of such debts shall
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CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN.
ART. XIV.
be applied to the purposes for which it was raised, or to repay such debts.
SEC. 5. No money shall be paid out of the treasury except Money, how in pursuance of appropriations made by law. paid out.
SEC. 6. The credit of the state shall not be granted to, or State credit. in aid of, any person, association or corporation.
People v. Salem, 20 Mich. 452; Bay City v. State Treas- urer, 23 Mich. 499; Thomas v. Port Huron, 27 Mich. 320.
SEC. 7. No scrip, certificate, or other evidence of state in- Issue of debtedness shall be issued, except for the redemption of scrip. stock previously issued, or for such debts as are expressly authorized in this constitution.
SEC. 8. The state shall not subscribe to, or be interested in, State not to the stock of any company, association or corporation. own stock.
People v. Salem, 20 Mich. 452; Bay City v. State Treas- urer, 23 Mich. 499.
(u) SEC. 9. The state shall not be a party to, or interested Works of in- in, any work or internal improvement, nor engaged in carry- ternal im- provement. ing on any such work, except in the expenditure of grants to the state of land or other property: Provided, however, That the legislature of the state, by appropriate legislation, may authorize the city of Grand Rapids to issue its bonds for the improvement of the navigation of Grand river.
Ryerson v. Utley, 16 Mich. 269; People v. Salem, 20 Mich. 452; Bay City v. Treasurer, 23 Mich. 499; Hubbard v. Springwells, 25 Mich. 153; Thomas v. Port Huron, 27 Mich. 320; Attorney General v. L. S. S. C. Co., 32 Mich. 233; Benjamin v. Manistee R. I. Co., 42 Mich. 628; Rogers v. Port Huron & L. M. R. R., 45 Mich. 463; Manistee River. Imp. Co., v. Sands, 53 Mich. 594; Anderson v. Hill, 54 Mich. 487; Sparrow v. Comr. Land Office, 56 Mich. 571; Wilcox v. Paddock, 65 Mich. 23; Sanilac County v. Aud- itor General, 68 Mich. 659; Gillett v. McLaughlin, 69 Mich. 547; Street Railway Co. v. City of Detroit, 110 Mich. 389; Brady v. Hayward, 72 N. W. R. 233.
SEC. 10. The state may continue to collect all specific taxes To collect accruing to the treasury. under existing laws. The legis- specific tax. lature may provide for the collection of specific taxes from banking, railroad, plank road and other corporations here- after created.
Walcott v. People, 17 Mich. 68; Kitson v. Mayor Ann Arbor, 26 Mich. 325; Youngblood v. Sexton, 32 Mich. 406; Jackson Mining Co. v. Auditor General, 32 Mich. 488; First National Bank v. St. Joseph, 46 Mich. 530.
SEC. 11. The legislature shall provide an uniform rule of Uniform taxation, except on property paying specific taxes, and taxes rate of taxa- shall be levied on such property as shall be prescribed by tion. law.
Williams v. Mayor, 2 Mich. 560; People v. Auditor Gen- eral, 7 Mich. 84; Woodbridge v. Detroit, 3 Mich. 275; Wal- cott v. People, 17 Mich. 68; Motz v. Detroit, 18 Mich. 495: Hoyt v. East Saginaw, 19 Mich. 39; Kitson v. Mayor Ann Arbor, 26 Mich. 325; Power's Appeal, 29 Mich. 504; War- ren v. Grand Haven, 30 Mich. 24; Youngblood v. Sexton. 32 Mich. 406; Jones v. Commissioners, 34 Mich. 273; Thomas v. Gain, 35 Mich. 155; Albany and B. Mining Co. v. Auditor General, 37 Mich. 391; Reithmiller v. People, 44 Mich. 280; Sheley v. Detroit, 45 Mich. 431; Van
(u) As amended by joint resolution No. 9, public acts 1893; rati- fied April election, 1893.
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CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN.
ART. XV.
Horn v. People, 46 Mich. 183; Chaffee's Appeal, 56 Mich. 253; Fargo v. Auditor General, 57 Mich. 606; Wilcox v. Paddock, 65 Mich. 23; Supervisors of Chippewa Co. v. Auditor General, 65 Mich. 408; City of Detroit v. Daly, 68 Mich. 503; Davenport v. Auditor General, 70 Mich. 192; Attorney General v. Supervisors, 71 Mich. 16; Wil- cox v. Eagle, 81 Mich. 271; Common Council v. Assess- ors, 91 Mich. 78; Manistee Lumber Co. v. Township, 92 Mich. 277; Standard Life and Accident Ins. Co. v. Assessors, 95 Mich. 466.
Assessments.
SEC. 12. All assessments hereafter authorized shall be on property at its cash value.
Williams v. Mayor, 2 Mich. 560; Woodbridge v. Detroit, 8 Mich. 274; Walcott v. People, 17 Mich. 68; Motz v. De- troit, 18 Mich. 495; Hoyt v. E. Saginaw, 19 Mich. 39; Kit- son v. Mayor Ann Arbor, 26 Mich. 325; Powers' Appeal, 29 Mich. 504; Warren v. Grand Haven, 30 Mich. 24; Jones v. Commissioners, 34 Mich. 273; Thomas v. Gain, 35 Mich. 155; A. & B. Mining Co. v. Auditor General, 37 Mich. 391; Avery & Eddy v. East Saginaw, 44 Mich. 587; Sheley v. Detroit, 45 Mich. 431; Attorney General v. Supervisors (Taxation of Mortgages), 71 Mich. 16; Common Council v. Assessors, 91 Mich. 78; Standard Life and Accident Ins. Co. v. Assessors, 95 Mich. 466.
Equaliza- tion.
SEC. 13. The legislature shall provide for an equalization by a state board in the year one thousand eight hundred and fifty-one, and every fifth year thereafter, of assessments on all taxable property except that paying specific taxes.
Laws impos- ing taxes.
SEC. 14. Every law which imposes, continues or revives a tax shall distinctly state the tax, and the objects to which it is to be applied; and it shall not be sufficient to refer to any other law to fix such tax or object.
People v. Mahaney, 13 Mich. 481; Walcott v. People, 17 Mich. 68; Westinghausen v. People, 44 Mich. 265; Trow- bridge v. Detroit, 99 Mich. 443; Chambe v. Durfee, 100 Mich. 112
ARTICLE XV.
CORPORATIONS.
How cor- porations formed.
Legislature may create single bank.
(t) SECTION 1. Corporations may be formed under general laws but shall not be created by special act except for munic- ipal purposes. All laws passed pursuant to this section may be amended, altered or repealed. But the legislature may, by a vote of two-thirds of the members elected to each house, create a single bank with branches.
People v. J. & M. P. R. Co., 9 Mich. 285; Joy v. J. & M. P. R. Co., 11 Mich. 155; East Saginaw Manufacturing Co. v. East Saginaw, 19 Mich. 294; G. R. N. & L. S. R. R. Co. v. G. R. & I. R. R. Co., 35 Mich. 269; Nelson v. McArthur, 38 Mich. 204; Doyle v. Misner, 42 Mich. 332; Mok v. De- troit B. & S. Association, 30 Mich. 511; Detroit St. R. v. Guthard, 51 Mich. 180; Mason v. Perkins, 73 Mich. 303; Isle Royal, etc., Cor. v. Osmun, 76 Mich. 162; Kent Co. Ag. So. v. Houseman, 81 Mich. 609; Bissell v. Heath, 98 Mich. 472; Stimson v. Muskegon Booming Co., 100 Mich.
(») As amended by joint resolution No. 17, laws of 1861, p. 589; ratified election 1862.
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CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN.
ART. XV.
347; Woodmere Cemetery v. Roulo, 104 Mich. 596; At- torney General v. Looker, 111 Mich. 501; Smith v. L. S. & M. S. Ry. Co., 72 N. W. R. 328; Pingree v. Michigan Cent. Ry. Co., 76 N. W. R. 635.
(w) SEC. 2. No general banking law shall have effect until Banking law the same shall, after its passage, be submitted to a vote of : to be voted the electors of the state at a general election and be ap- on. proved by a majority of the votes cast thereon at such election.
Bissell v. Heath, 98 Mich. 472.
(x) SEC. 3. The officers and stockholders of every corpora- Liability of tion or association for banking purposes, issuing bank notes stockhold- ers. or paper credits to circulate as money, shall be individually liable for all debts contracted during the term of their being officers or stockholders of such corporation or association, equally and ratably to the extent of their respective shares of stock in any such corporation or association.
(y) SEC. 4. For all banks organized under general laws, Registry of the legislature shall provide for the registry of all bills or notes.
bills or notes issued or put in circulation as money, and shall require Security security to the full amount of notes and bills so registered. required. in state or United States stocks bearing interest, which shall be deposited with the state treasurer for the redemption of such bills or notes in specie.
SEC. 5. In case of the insolvency of any bank or banking Bill-holders association, the bill-holders thereof shall be entitled to pref- entitled to erence in payment over all other creditors of such bank or preference. association.
SEC. 6. The legislature shall pass no law authorizing or Suspension sanctioning the suspension of specie payments by any per- of specie son, association or corporation. payments.
SEC. 7. The stockholders of all corporations and joint stock Liability. associations shall be individually liable for all labor per- formed for such corporation or association.
Hanson v. Donkersley, 37 Mich. 184; Brockway v. In- nes, 39 Mich. 47; Peck v. Miller, 38 Mich. 594; Arno v. Wayne Judge, 42 Mich. 362; Milroy v. Spurr I. T. Co., 43 Mich. 231; Taylor v. Mainwaring, 48 Mich. 171; Con- nors v. Carp River Iron Co., 54 Mich. 171.
SEC. 8. The legislature shall pass no law altering or Amending amending any act of incorporation heretofore granted, with- out the assent of two-thirds of the members elected to each house; nor shall any such act be renewed or extended. This restriction shall not apply to municipal corporations.
Joy v. J. & M. P. R. Co., 11 Mich. 155; Attorney Gen- eral v. Joy, 55 Mich. 94; Wilder v. Chicago & W. M. R. R., 70 Mich. 382; Mason v. Perkins, 73 Mich. 320; Village of Highland Park v. Detroit and Birmingham Plank Road Co., 95 Mich. 489; Plank Road v. Eldredge, 109 Mich. 376.
SEC. 9. The property of no person shall be taken by any Property, corporation for public use, without compensation being first
(w) As amended by joint resolution No. 17, laws of 1861, p. 589; ratified election 1862.
(x) As amended by joint resolution No. 11, laws of 1859, p. 1100; ratified election 1860.
(?) As amended by joint resolution No. 17, laws of 1861. p. 589; ratified election 1862.
acts of in- corporation.
how taken.
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CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN.
ART. XV.
made or secured, in such manner as may be prescribed by law.
Woodbridge v. Detroit, 8 Mich. 274; G. B. Booming Co. v. Jarvis, 30 Mich. 308; Vanderlip v. Grand Rapids, 73 Mich. 532; Truax v. Sterling, 74 Mich. 160; Board of Health v. Van Hoesen, 87 Mich. 533; Grand Rapids v. Powers, 89 Mich. 94; Fuller v. City of Detroit, 97 Mich. 597; People v. Eaton, 100 Mich. 208; City of Grand Rapids v. Burlingame, 102 Mich. 321; Detroit & Birmingham Plank Road Co. v. Railway Co., 103 Mich. 585; Brady v. Hayward, 72 N. W. R. 233.
Terms of cor- porations.
(2) SEC. 10. No corporation except for municipal purposes or for the construction of railroads, plank roads and canals, shall be created for a longer time than thirty years; but the legislature may provide by general laws, applicable to any corporations, for one or more extensions of the term of such corporations while such term is running, not exceeding thirty years for each extension, on the consent of not less than a two-thirds majority of the capital of the corporation; and by like general laws for the corporate reorganization for a fur- ther period, not exceeding thirty years, of such corporations whose terms have expired by limitation, on the consent of not less than four-fifths of the capital: Provided, That in cases of corporations where their is no capital stock, the legislature may provide the manner in which such corpora- tions may be reorganized.
Mok. v. Detroit B. & S. Association, 30 Mich. 511; Ma- son v. Perkins, 73 Mich. 303; Kent Co. Ag. v. House- man, 81 Mich. 609; Ovid Elevator Co. v. Secretary of State, 90 Mich. 466; Canal Street Gravel Road Co. v. Paas, 95 Mich. 373.
Construc- SEC. 11. The term "corporations," as used in the preceding tion of term sections of this article, shall be construed to include all asso- "corpora- tion." ciations and joint stock companies having any of the pow- ers or privileges of corporations, not possessed by individu- als or partnerships. All corporations shall have the right to Right to sue sue and be subject to be sued in all courts in like cases as and be sued. natural persons.
Root v. Mayor, 3 Mich. 433; People v. J. & M. P. R. Co., 9 Mich. 285; Joy v. J. & M. P. R. Co., 11 Mich. 155; Gur- ney v. Mayor, 11 Mich. 202; Seneca Mining Co. v. Sec. of State, 82 Mich. 573; Jones v. Wisner, 105 Mich. 664; Staver & Abbott Manfg. Co. v. Blake, 111 Mich. 228.
Limitation of time for holding real estate.
SEC. 12. No corporation shall hold any real estate, here- after acquired, for a longer period than ten years, except such real estate as shall be actually occupied by such cor- poration in the exercise of its franchises.
Cities and villages.
SEC. 13. The legislature shall provide for the incorporation and organization of cities and villages, and shall restrict their powers of taxation, borrowing money, contracting debts, and loaning their credit.
Smith v. Adrian, 1 Mich. 495; People v. Mahaney, 13 Mich. 481; Detroit v. Blakeby, 21 Mich. 84; People v. Hurlbut, 24 Mich. 44; Attorney General v. Lothrop, 24 Mich. 235; Park Commissioners v. Detroit, 28 Mich. 228;
(z) As amended by joint resolution No. 3, public acts 1889; rati- fied April election, 1889.
A
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CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN.
ART. XVI.
Attorney General v. Detroit, 29 Mich. 108; Shumway v. Bennett, 29 Mich. 451; Wattles v. Lapeer, 40 Mich. 624; Coon v. Attorney General, 42 Mich. 65; Allor v. Wayne Co. Auditors, 43 Mich. 102; Torrent v. Muskegon, 47 Mich. 115; Pingree v. Board of Education, 99 Mich. 404; White v. Board of Supervisors Manistee Co., 105 Mich. 608; White v. Board of Supervisors, 105 Mich. 613; Attorney General ex rel. Moorland v. Common Council City of De- troit, 112 Mich. 159, 169.
SEC. 14. Judicial officers of cities and villages shall be Election elected and all other officers shall be elected or appointed of judicial at such time and in such manner as the legislature may officers of. direct.
People v. Hurlbut, 24 Mich. 44; Attorney General v. Lothrop, 24 Mich. 235; Hubbard v. Springwells, 25 Mich. 153; Coon v. Attorney General, 42 Mich. 65; People v. Reilly, 53 Mich. 260; Coffin v. Election Commissioners, 97 Mich. 188; Davock et al. v. Moore, 105 Mich. 120.
SEC. 15. Private property shall not be taken for public im- Private provements in cities and villages without the consent of the property, owner, unless the compensation therefor shall first be deter- mined by a jury of freeholders and actually paid or secured in the manner provided by law.
how taken.
Williams v. Mayor, 2 Mich. 560; Woodbridge v. Detroit, 8 Mich. 274; Campau v. Detroit, 14 Mich. 276; People v. · Brighton, 20 Mich. 57; Trombley v. Auditor General, 23 Mich. 471; Mansfield, C. & L. M. R. R. Co. v. Clark, 23 Mich. 524; Chicago & M. L. S. R. R. Co. v. Sanford, 23 Mich. 418; Horton v. Grand Haven, 24 Mich. 465; Sheldon v. Kalamazoo, 24 Mich. 383; Arnold v. Decatur, 29 Mich. 77; Powers' Appeal, 29 Mich. 504; G. R. B. Co. v. Jarvis. 30 Mich. 308; Kroop v. Forman, 31 Mich. 144; Paul v. Detroit, 32 Mich. 108; Thomas v. Gain, 35 Mich. 155; Ryer- son v. Brown, 35 Mich. 333; G. R. N. & L. S. R. R. Co. v. G. R. & I. R. R. Co., 35 Mich. 265; Ayres v. Richards, 41 Mich. 680; Chaffee's Appeal, 56 Mich. 255; City of De- troit v. Daly, 68 Mich. 503; in re Willis Ave., 68 Mich. 635; See Art. 18, Sec. 2, Detroit v. Beecher, 75 Mich. 454; Fuller v. City of Detroit, 97 Mich. 597; City of Saginaw v. Campbell, 102 Mich. 594; Stevens v. Muskegon, 69 N. W. R. 227; Roberts v. Smith, 72 N. W. R. 1091; City of Mt. Clemens v. Macomb Circuit Judge, 77 N. W. R. 936. SEC. 16. Previous notice of any application for an altera- Notice for tion of the charter of any corporation shall be given in such charter. manner as may be prescribed by law.
People v. Hurlbut, 24 Mich. 44.
ARTICLE XVI. EXEMPTIONS.
SECTION 1. The personal property of every resident of this Of personal state, to consist of such property only as shall be designated property. by law, shall be exempted to the amount of not less than five hundred dollars from sale of execution or other final process of any court, issued for the collection of any debt contracted after the adoption of this constitution.
Wilson v. Bartholomew, 45 Mich. 43; McHugh v. Cur- tis, 48 Mich. 262; Burrows v. Brooke, 113 Mich. 308, 309. SEC. 2. Every homestead of not exceeding forty acres of Of home- land, and the dwelling house thereon, and the appurtenances stead. to be selected by the owner thereof, and not included in any
.
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CONSTITUTION OF MICHIGAN.
ART. XVI.
town plat, city or village; or instead thereof, at the option of the owner, any lot in any city, village, or recorded town plat, or such parts of lots as shall be equal thereto, and the dwelling house thereon, and its appurtenances, owned and occupied by any resident of the state, not exceeding in value fifteen hundred dollars, shall be exempt from forced sale on execution, or any other final process from a court, for any debt contracted after the adoption of this constitution. Such exemption shall not extend to any mortgage thereon, law- fully obtained; but such mortgage or other alienation of such land by the owner thereof, if a married man, shall not be valid without the signature of the wife to the same.
People v. Plumstead, 2 Mich. 465; Wisner v. Farnham, 2 Micn. 472; Chamberlain v. Lyell, 3 Mich. 448; Hersch- feldt v. George, 6 Mich. 456; Beecher v. Baldy, 7 Mich. 488; Thomas v. Dodge, 8 Mich. 51; Dye v. Mann, 10 Mich. 291; McKee v. Wilcox, 11 Mich. 358; Dyson v. She- ley, 11 Mich. 527; Ring v. Burt, 17 Mich. 465; Coolidge v. Wells, 20 Mich. 79; Phillips v. Stauch, 20 Mich. 369; Orr v. Shraft, 22 Mich. 260; Fisher v. Meister, 24 Mich. 447; Comstock v. Comstock, 27 Mich. 97; Amphlet v. Hib- bard, 29 Mich. 298; Hanchett v. McQueen, 32 Mich. 22; Wallace v. Harris, 32 Mich. 380; Smith v. Rumsey, 33 Mich. 183; Barber v. Rorabeck, 36 Mich. 399; Bunker v. Paquette, 37 Mich. 79; Griffin v. Johnson, 37 Mich. 87; Lozo v. Sutherland, 38 Mich. 168; Drake v. Kinsell, 38 Mich. 232; Stevenson v. Jackson, 40 Mich. 702; Water- town Ins. Co. v. G. R. S. M. Co., 41 Mich. 131; Matson v. Melchor, 42 Mich. 477; Showers v. Robinson, 43 Mich. 502; Sherrid v. Southwick, 43 Mich. 515; Hammond v. .Wells, 45 Mich. 11; Robinson v. Baker, 47 Mich, 619; Pardo v. Bittorf, 48 Mich. 275; Patterson v. Patterson, 49 Mich. 176; Reske v. Reske, 51 Mich. 541; Griffin v. Nichols, 51 Mich. 577; Zoellner v. Zoellner, 53 Mich. 620; Allen v. Caldwell, 55 Mich. 10; Riggs v. Sterling, 60 Mich. 643; Mertz v. Berry, 101 Mich. 32; Barrett v. Cox, 112 Mich. 222; Gadby v. Monroe, 73 N. W. R. 367; Webster v. Warner, 78 N. W. R. 552.
Idem.
SEC. 3. The homestead of a family after the death of the owner thereof, shall be exempt from the payment of his debts contracted after the adoption of this constitution, in all cases during the minority of his children.
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