USA > Missouri > A history of Missouri from the earliest explorations and settlements until the admission of the state into the union, Volume II > Part 10
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143 Other settlers in the neighborhood of Cold Water were : Elisha Herrington (1796) originally from Tennessee, but came here from Kaskaskia, where he served in the militia, was a mill-wright by trade, and built a mill in 1799 at St. Ferdinand, and had a flour and saw-mill on the Mississippi and Petite rivière St. Roman (or Sandy creek) in St. Charles district, in 1801 at Charboneau; John B. Hart (1797); Morris James in 1797 secured a grant on this stream and the Missouri, and began to farm in 1803; John N. Seeley (1800); Guy Seeley (1800); William Patterson (1803), a person of same name in New Madrid dis- trict; James James (1804); John Colgin (1799) near the village St. Andre and on Wild Horse creek; Mathew Wichant (1799), a German, on the Missouri near St. Andre; Leonard Farrow (1802) bought Wichant property; David Cole; Na- thaniel Porter; William Tardy; Daniel Lyon; John Carpenter; Jonah Henry; all resided near the post of St. Andre.
144 Letter to Prince of Peace, General Archives of Seville, dated June 3, 1796.
71
MACKAY
in the Spanish archives, has been recently found. In 1798 Mackay complained to Gayoso that although he had been ordered to receive all honest and industrious persons, and especially good farmers, that the order to receive only Roman Catholics had been a "mortal blow for upper Louisiana," and that the Indians as a consequence were beginning to plunder the people who had settled, of their cattle and horses. He says that to people the country wholly with Roman Catholics- "is entirely impossible without great expense, and that in the United States not one in a thousand persons belongs to the Catholic church," and, concluding, remarks that "as we are deprived of the advantages of having a priest and church I hope that your Excellency will please to send us a flag to show the people when it is Sunday. " 145 One of the earliest settlers of this Bon Homme district was Richard Caulk, who arrived here in 1796 with his father-in-law, Lawrence Long, and was appointed syndic, acting in this capacity until the country was ac- quired by the United States, also acting as commandant in the absence of Mackay.146 Subsequently he lived in the St. Charles district on the Mississippi Bluff and river Calumet, where he received a grant, Mackay says, as compensation for his services as syndic.147
145 Mackay married Isabella, a daughter of John Long after the cession, lived on Gravois creek; died in 1823. His children were John Zeno, George Anthony, James Bennett, Eilza May, Catherine May, Jean Julia, Emelia Anne and Isabella Louise.
Caulk was from Maryland, and an officer in the militia and also received a grant of four thousand arpens on the Maramec.
147 Others who settled here were, Theopolis Mckinnon dit Mckinney (1796) ; Jacob Coontz (1797) who resided near the mouth of the Bon Homme, at St. Ferdinand in 1798, also Marais des Liards and on the Dardenne in St. Charles district; Charles Kyle (1797); John Richardson came to the Spanish possessions in 1787, and lived here in 1797, from Kentucky and was a land speculator; Jesse Richardson (1797) from Kentucky; John Bayse (Basey or Beasy) (1797) on Missouri and Bon Homme, and in 1798 on the Mississippi; Lawrence Long (1796) father-in-law of Richard Caulk, was a large slave owner, settled on a grant of 1,000 acres including site of Chesterfield, and erected a flour-mill and saw-mill in this neighborhood; James McDonald (1797) of Mondelear, at Bon Homme settlement on the Missouri, also at Marais des Liards on Louis Hon- ore's claim; William Massey (1797) a Catholic from Kentucky, owned two slaves, in 1799 was at Point Labadie on the Missouri, returned to Kentucky to get his family but seems never to have returned; Joshua Massey at Marais des Liards, and Agnew Massey in Tywappity Bottom may have been relatives; Ephraim Musick (1797) at Marais des Liards; Asa Musick (1797) in this settlement on the Missouri; Abraham Musick (1797) sold to John Bear; Hugh Stephenson (1797) on Missouri; Michael Odum (1798); William Stewart (1798); John Stewart (1798) at this point on the Missouri, on the Grand Glaise in 1799; William Hamilton (1799) from Kaskaskia, who seems to have originally resided at Vin- cennes, was in military service; Jean Henry (femme) (1798) claimed a residence at a place called "The Taverne" on the Missouri; afterwards moved to Louisi- ana; Elisha Goodrich (1799) on the Missouri; John Lafleur (1799) a French- man, one of the voyageurs who accompanied Mackay on his voyage of dis-
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HISTORY OF MISSOURI
Another considerable settlement existed near and on Crève Coeur in this neighborhood.148 Conway says that the name originated from this circumstance: That in 1796 after a big flood of the Missouri there was much sickness in the bottom and among the first French settlers there, that a large number died, and that the survivors aban- doned the locality, and hence the name "Crève Coeur," broken- heart. The lower lake then was three miles long, and one fourth of a mile wide, but the other lake much smaller. At Point Lab- badie on the Missouri river, near the present county line between St. Louis and Franklin counties, a settlement was also made, 149 and covery up the Missouri, received this grant through Mackay for his services; Lydia Quick (1799) a widow who resided at Spanish Pond, Robert Bay (1803); John Bell; Edward Young (1803).
148 Among the first settlers on, and in the neighborhood of Crève Coeur lake, we find: Peltier (or Pelletier) Senior, (1787), a native of Vincennes where the family were ancient residents, his son Pierre was born there in 1785, this Pierre bought property on the Missouri at St. Charles, and after his death his widow married Jean Baptiste Belland; Joseph Bodoin (Boudoin) dit L' Habitant (1788), trader and voyageur, on Rio Fernando in 1794 and in St. Louis, he was a son of Jean Bodoin who settled here at an early day, an Irish Catholic; Jean Cordell (1796); John Long, Junior, (1796); Francois LeBerge (1796) was also at Portage des Sioux, and his land afterwards became the property of Ed- ward Richardson, originally of North Carolina, but an immigrant from Ten- nessee; George Gordon (1796); Joseph Conway (1797), was born in Greenbrier county, Virginia in 1763; moved to Kentucky with his father's family who settled at Ruddle's Station; was there when the Station was attacked; drove off the Indians; went out to reconnoitre, caught, tomahawked, had his skull broken and was scalped and was left for dead; was at Ruddle's Station when Col. Byrd attacked it two weeks afterwards; was captured and taken to Detroit wounded and with his head bandaged, but recovered and came to this settlement, and is the progenitor of the Conway family of Missouri; died in 1830; John Ward (1797) likely the same John Ward who came with Morgan to New Madrid in 1787; Gabriel Long (1797); James McCourtney (1797); Oliver Caldwell (1797), was a tenant of Lawrence Long; Robert Baldridge (1798); Joe Sip (1798) at Point bas de Creve Coeur and Missouri; Mary Sip married Noel Tesson in 1802; Thomas Whitley (1798), and at Village St. Andre, owned two slaves; Jonathan Wiseman (1799), Irishman; Robert Buchanan (1799), at Carondelet prior to 1803, and St. Louis; Samuel Smith (1799) an Irish Catholic; Eli Musick (1799) ; Thomas Cropper (1799); Andrew Kincaid (1800); Andrew McQuitty (1800); Samuel Hibler (1802); Richard Young (1803); Edward Young (1803), in 1804 on Maneto Saline; George Washington Morrison, afterward a recruiting officer in the United States army and deputy surveyor, killed in Kentucky by an acci- dental shot in 1809, also acquired land in this neighborhood either before or immediately after the cession. According to James Long, Lawrence Long, Jos. Conway, Richard Caulk, James Green, John Chandler, Solomon Whitley with their families and several young men, among them Wm. Stewart of Ken- tucky, reached the Mississippi just before Christmas, 1797, opposite St. Louis, the ice running and river partially frozen over, and that they remained there until the ice broke in 1798, and that the Governor of Upper Louisiana sent them tents, coffee, etc., and all settled in this region and Bon Homme bottom .- Draper's Notes, vol. 24, pp. 151-204, inclusive.
14º The earliest settlers here seem to have been, Ephraim Richardson (1798), who was driven away by the Indians in 1802, but returned; John Dey (or Day) (1798), one McCoy lived here in 1799; George Pursley (1798), in 1803 was driven
73
MARAMEC
farther up the Missouri on Dubois creek, emptying its waters into the Missouri not far from Washington, in Franklin county, another settle- ment was formed by a number of Americans, 150
But the oldest American settlement in upper Louisiana was on the Maramec. The name Hildebrand, twisted into "Albrane" by the Spanish officials, is found in the old archives as early as 1770. The Hildebrands or Hildebrants, came from Monogahela county, Penn- sylvania, and were Germans ; according to Mrs. Elizabeth McCourtney some of them were at Fort Jefferson; from there in 1782 came to upper Louisiana, where a member of the family had settled before that period. The name of Thomas Tyler is also notable as being here in 1774. In 1779 he acquired the Hildebrand place, and in 1791 transferred it to Jacques Clamorgan. In 1788 Tyler who had lived for six or seven years, near the Maramec had about eighty acres in cultivation, but, in 1791, the Indians became hostile, and about this time Peter Hildebrand was killed by the Osages. Some of the settlers then fortified themselves, removing to a point in the fork of the
off by the Indians, but gave George McFall permission to live on his place, which he did that fall, and made sugar there in 1804, also had property at Bon Homme; James Pritchett (1800), and at Isle aux Boeuf; Peter Pritchett (1801), testified that in April, 1803, a man by the name of Ridenhour (John) was killed by the Indians in this neighborhood (on the Femme Osage across the river), which broke up this settlement until the following fall when most of the inhabi- tants returned, but Captain Joseph Conway says he was killed in 1801, and that the Indians were pursued by the settlers but escaped. Ridenhour and his wife were out hunting horses, and upon meeting the Indians who demanded the horses Ridenhour refused to give them up and rode off. The Indians began to shoot him and he fell off and soon died. His wife dismounted, took off the bundle and scared her horse away and the other horses followed. The Indians when they came up slapped her for scaring away the horses, but let her go. (Draper's Notes, vol. 24, pp. 151 to 204, inc.) William Fullerton (1802); Am- brose Bowles (1803) on Labadie creek, the present town of Bowles located about here, and named for this family, and some of the descendants still live there; Noel Musick (1805) at Point Labadie and river Feefee; Uri Musick (1805); John McMickle (or McMichael) (1799), saddler and tanner, secured a land grant to establish tannery; Daniel Richardson (1803); James Stephenson dit Stephens, an early resident; Thomas Gibson (1802) also on river aux Boeufs.
150 Dubois creek was at this time on the extreme frontier, and here we find, William Hughes (1794), who removed from Kentucky to Kaskaskia, then to this creek, was at Point Labadie in 1799; John Sullins (1799), on this stream and aux Boeuf, owned two slaves; John Long (1797), from Kaskaskia, makes a claim for 5,000 arpents under concession from Trudeau, and 5,000 on St. John creek and on Crève Coeur. A John Long seems to have had a claim on the Ho- mochitto in the Mississippi territory in Pearl river district; Ezekiel Rogers (1800) was a renter here; John S. Farrow (1800); David Collum (1803), Leonard Far- row, was on Fox creek on road leading from the Richwood to St. Louis and Missouri in 1799; Smith Collum (1803); James Cowan (1803) lived also in Ste. Genevieve district; Alexander McCartney (or McCourtney) in 1799, with Adams McCourtney acquired property at Bon Homme; Jonathan Vineyard (1803), from Georgia, also in Bois Brule Bottom in Ste. Genevieve district.
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HISTORY OF MISSOURI
Maramec in the middle of the settlement for that purpose. That a considerable settlement existed at that time, on both sides of the Mara- mec, is shown by the fact that the first regular ferry established in Missouri, was established on this stream by Jean Baptiste de Gamache 151 so that regular intercourse might not be interrupted, between St. Louis and the settlements of Ste. Genevieve. Gamache's ferry was established near the mouth of the Maramec, and remained in operation until about 1780, when, on account of the Indian dis- turbances, he or his employees were ordered away. Gamache was among the first residents of Carondelet, where he raised tobacco on his lot in 1795, and operated a primitive mill on the river des Pères. Louis Courtois, senior, made an improvement on the Maramec in 1780, living here six years (unusual) owning a tract of 7,086 arpens, but in 1788 resided at Carondelet. Gabriel Cerré, according to Chouteau, located a claim on the Maramec in 1782 near a salt spring. 152 David Hildebrand was Cerré's tenant on the Negro fork in 1785. William Crow, from Kaskaskia, lived on this river in 1785, where he died and his widow married George Bowers. The Osage Indians on the Maramec seem to have been more troublesome than in other locali- ties, and Clamorgan says that in 1793 the settlers were driven away by the Indians repeatedly. 153 In 1800 Adam House, a farmer living near the mouth of the Maramec, was killed by the Osage Indians. 154
151 Was born at Quebec 1733, married Charlotte D'Amours May 3, 1767, was with the first boat that landed at St. Louis, but moved to Carondelet where he died.
152 Don Gabriel Cerré owned large tracts of land in the St. Louis and Cape Girardeau districts. In 1782 had a grant on the head waters of the Saline and Maramec, including a lead mine, which he said he paid an American $200 to show him, owned a number of slaves and also worked a number of white men in his salt works on the Ma- ramec. In 1787 he received a grant on the Gravois and River des Peres, on which to build a saw-mill and flour-mill, establish a fruit garden and sow maize, but was frightened away "through fear of inroads of savages", and in 1804 assigned this claim to Reuben Smith. In 1798 he had some trouble with Louis Lorimier claiming the land where Lorimier had settled, and appealed to Gov- ernor Gayoso de Lemos, setting forth services he had rendered the government, but Gayoso decided the matter in favor of Lorimier and ordered the same amount of land to be surveyed elsewhere for Cerré as compensation for his services. In 1800 he owned property at St. Charles, and also in New Madrid.
153 2 Public Lands, p. 566.
154 Of this murder Pierre de Treget makes this brief and graphic report: "Repaired to the Renault Forks, with the few militia I could assemble in pur- suit of the Indians, on reaching the place I found an old man dead, head cut off and laid at his side, scalp taken and body full of wounds from musket shots, and a few paces by a boy eight or nine years old, head cut off lying near him, face smeared with blood, with a small piece of maple sugar in his mouth, no wounds on his body from either musket or knife." (I Billon's Annals of St. Louis, p. 298.) Robert Owen of Marais des Liards was appointed guardian of the
75
RAIDS
Not only the Osages, but the Indians living in what is now Pemi- scot, New Madrid, Stoddard and Dunklin counties, and perhaps composed, as De Lassus says, of runaway Creeks, Cherokees, and other vagabonds of the tribes from the southeast Gulf territory, would make raids into this district. Against these the minors Betsy, John, and Peggy House, by Pascal Leon Cerré, ensign of the militia. At this time (1800) there also resided in this neighborhood Mathew Lord; James Craig; Andrew Park; James Gray; Adam Stroud; Joshua Mc- Donald; also William Bellew, a settler on the Maramec in 1778, and on Wild Horse creek, and Missouri at Bon Homme settlement in 1795-97; David Hildebrand (1780) on Negro fork, in 1795 at Village á Robert, also St. Louis and Isle á Boeuf; Abraham Hildebrand (1780) also on Negro fork; Bazil Des- Noyers (1783) who owned two Indian slaves, was driven off his place by maraud- ing Indians; Jean Gerrard(1782); Philip Fine (1786) near the mouth of the Mara- mec, a brother of David; in 1795 at Village á Robert, on the Mississippi in 1800 and in St. Louis ; Jacob Schelling, a German (1788); John Pyatt (1790), on Negro fork, was driven away by the Indians, lived at Marais des Liards in 1798, returned in 1800 to the Maramec, and was again driven away, and some of the farmers were killed here in 1805, according to the testimony of James Richard- son; Philip Shultz (1790), on Negro fork, apparently a German; William Boli (1794), Mary Bolli married J. B. Tesson in 1802; Francois Bittick, had a grant adjoining Courtois; Francois Poillevre in 1793 received a grant on the Mara- mec from Trudeau, road to St. Louis ran through this grant, which he sold to Charles Gill of Grand Ruisseaux de Kaskaskia, including a "petite tan yard", one Catalan had lived on the land, made some improvements and then deserted it, this Poillevre also received 1,600 arpens from DeLassus in 1800 on the river Establishment, but never settled it. It may be that Poillevre was known as Catalan-Gill (or Guill), also had a grant on Gravois in 1797 and on Sandy creek, in 1798 sold his land on the Maramec to Tersy (Jesse) Keyne, and this may be Jesse Cain who lived in St Charles district, and afterwards on Byrd or Hubble creek; Joseph Neybour (or Neubauer) 1794, a German, also at Marais des Liards in 1795; John Neybour (1794) German, at Marais des Liards in 1795, sold his property there, and was on the Mississippi in Ste. Genevieve district; James Head, from Kaskaskia, settled on this river prior to 1793, but abandoned his claim ; Isaac Hildebrand dit Asie Ellebrand (1795) also at Marais des Liards and St. Louis; Madame Loitie, prior to 1796 owned property on the north side of the Maramec, lying between the Ruisseau de la Fontaine and Ruisseau Bap- tiste Poriot, part of which she sold to Jacob Wickerham, a German, in 1796, and part in 1797 to Jacques Clamorgan. Wickerham also had a claim on Negro fork in 1797, but claimed the Indians interfered with his improvement there; John Coleman (1796) an Irishman, lived on a farm below Mill creek at Gorman Point; Thomas Donner (1796), likely a son of Jacob Donner, appar- ently a German; George Sip dit Sheepe (1796); John Cummings (1797), on this river and the Missouri; Christopher Carpenter (1797), relative of John on the Missouri; Dr. John Watkins, an American speculator, made a claim to a league square, or 7,056 arpens, of land here granted him in 1797, but never lived on it, seems to have lived in St. Louis, and from there removed to New Orleans ; Jean Baptiste Rouillier dit Bouche lived on Black Water emptying into the Ma- ramec in 1797, but sold his farm to John or James Stewart dit Tuckahoe, who was also an early resident on this creek; Mathias Vanderhider (1797) on Negro fork; Mark Wideman came to the country in 1798, and with his family settled on the Negro fork by permission of François Vallé, also John Wideman; Sarah Pruitt (or Prewitt) widow of Charles Prewitt, lived here in 1798, was a sister of John Wideman; John and Samuel Prewitt, also said to be early settlers in this neighborhood. Pascal Leon Cerré, a son of Gabriel, claimed a league square, including a big salt spring, on the Maramec, granted in 1798 by Gayosa de Lemos in consideration of the service of his father, owned several slaves, was
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HISTORY OF MISSOURI
Renards and Saukees also made predatory excursions, meeting on the tributaries of the Maramec. 155
sub-lieutenant of militia, and says he made a journey to Canada in the interest of the government ; John Boli (1798) had a ferry on the Maramec, served in the militia under de Treget at Carondelet; François Bourasses (1799); Joshua Sha- fers (Shaver) also an early settler here; Paul Robart dit Robar (1799) was after- wards employed to assist in surveying Gamache's claim on this stream, was also at Carondelet; Hardy Ware, cultivated land here in 1799, was on Little Rock creek and at Mines in 1803; Michael Fostin (1799) from Kaskaskia, his grant extending across the Maramec; Jonathan Hildebrand (1799); Bernard Pratte (1799) a resident of St. Louis and also had claims on the St. François; John Williams, senior, (1800); Ninian Bell Hamilton (1800), the Orphan Protectorate founded by the Catholics situated on part of his grant, also at Bon Homme; Andrew Hamilton; Jacob Collins (1802) on Negro fork; James Stewart (1802) on Black Water fork of this river; William Eastep or Estes (1802); David Delauny (1800), a Frenchman, Spanish officer, formerly an inhabitant of the Isle of St. Domingo, first came to Ste. Genevieve in 1799, but was induced by DeLassus to come to St. Louis and had property in St. Charles district; James Davis (1803) Iand speculator on Negro fork; Jacob Connor (1803); James Sweeney (1803) owned ten slaves, afterwards moved to Louisiana ; Joseph Horn (1803); Hugh Mccullough (1803); Joseph Kiver (1803); Peter Lashaway (1803 or prior); John Caldwell (1803) on this stream and the Missouri, but stopped by the Indians from improving; Samuel Bay (1803); Aquilla Wickerham (1803) on Negro fork; T. Thomas Moses (or Mores); John Brindley; Mary Gill (1807); Christian Ewalt (Devalt or Twelt) Hildebrand (1804) on Negro fork; Pierre Tornat or Tournat dit Lajoie (1800) had a tract in the bottom on this river, Giguire (DeGuire) and Boudoin (probably Jean Boudoin dit l'Habitant) worked for him living in camp made of clap-boards; and Levi Thiel.
On Grand Glaise creek, a branch of the Maramec we find Alexander Mc- Donald (1797); Andrew Parker (1797); John and Paul Whitley (1799); Levin Cropper (1798), from Kaskaskia, where he served in the militia; Joshua Tansy (1799) on this stream and at Marais des Liards; Edward Butler (18or) and Philip Roberts (1802) and their mother Mrs. Ann Skinner, who was also on the Joachim; Jonathan Skinner; William Drennon (or Drenning) (1801) at White Oak Springs; Peggy Jones (1803); William Miller (1803) ; Thomas Henry (1803); John Hensley (1803); William and David Hensley (1799); John Ball (1803); Thomas and Edward Mason, from Kaskaskia. On Little Rock creek, another branch of the Maramec, the early actual settlers were all Americans, thus we find Samuel Wilson and his son John (1801); John Henderson (1802) ; John Gillmore (1803); George Smirl, senior, (1801); James Smirl (1802), and George, junior, on Sandy creek in 1801 ; Joseph Uge.
On Gravois, another branch, were Pierre Lajore (Lajoie) (1790), a witness for the settlers on this stream and the Maramec; Francois Lacombe of Caron- delet (1791); Hugh and Samuel Graham (1798); Sophia Bolaye (Boli) (1796), on aux Gravois near the mouth of the river des Pères; Barthelemi Harrington (1798); Pierre Dodier (1803), who sold to John Sappington and he erected the first horse mill for grinding grain in the township; Pierre Lejeuness, from Kas- kaskia, where he served in the militia; Louis Courtois, junior, (1799) on this stream 69 miles from the mouth of the Maramec, was a resident of St. Louis.
On another branch, the Matis, Mattest or Mathias, we find David Fine, who came to the country with Elisha Baker in 1798, made a settlement, and with Eli Musick and wife, and Judge Joseph Sale, organized the first Baptist church in 1809 or 10 in the township, which in 1883 was still standing, and known as Concord church; John Romine was in the neighborhood in 1798; Michael Masterson (1799).
155 Autobiography of Black Hawk, as published in Pioneer Families of Mis- souri, p. 463.
77
VARIOUS SETTLEMENTS
In addition to these important settlements, American pioneers pitched their locations on Fifi or Feefee creek,156 on Gingras, 157 on Wild Horse creek,158 on Maline creek,159 and on Sandy creek.160 Also a village near the Missouri river, only about three or four miles from St. Ferdinand, was laid out by permission of the lieutenant- governor, Trudeau, by Robert Owens,161 who had been a resident of the country since 1789, and where, in 1793, Francois Honore and others had first formed a station to protect themselves against the Indians. Maturin Bouvet, as deputy surveyor, surveyed and platted the place in 1794. The settlement became known as "Marais des Liards," and also as "Village à Robert." The Wabash railroad now passes here and the station is called Bridgeton. After the cession the inhabitants obtained one thousand arpens as a common-field.
156 Richard Sullens (1799), on this stream and the Missouri; Nathan Sullens (1802); Absalom Link, who lived here made a visit to Kentucky, and brought back clover seed, which he cultivated until it came into common use, it had never been cultivated up to this time; he was also at Marais des Liards; John Murphy (1799), on Feefee and at Marias des Liards; Edy or Ewel (Uel) Musick (1800) ; Samuel Harris, on this stream and Fox creek, his son William, afterwards a member of the State legislature, was born here in 1809; Lanham Hartley, from Kentucky; Nicholas Hebert dit Lecompte also had a claim, but probably never lived on it.
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