USA > Missouri > A history of Missouri from the earliest explorations and settlements until the admission of the state into the union, Volume II > Part 12
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One of the principal inhabitants of the village was Noel Antoine Prieur, the secretary of the commandant, Don Carlos Tayon. This Prieur was a cripple, having lost his leg while pulling down a small house which had been presented him by François Duquette. Prieur was "chanter" in the little chapel of the town; he owned property in the upper fields of St. Charles, also on the Dardenne; two of his sons had grants in Portage des Sioux. Another important resident was Dr. Antoine Reynal, who, in 1799, removed from St. Louis to St. Charles, and resided there as a physician until his death in 1821, at the age of 80 years.18
16 Lewis & Clark's Expedition, vol. 1, Coues' Edition, p. 6.
17 Collot's Voyage dans L'Amerique, vol. I, p. 578.
18 Other settlers of St. Charles, some of whom cultivated land in the upper and lower common-fields were, Barthélemi Courtmanche (1782); Louis Blanchette (1785), raised wheat on his lot (1799); Isidore Savoye (1791), who was a resident of Cahokia in 1787, cultivated land in both the upper and lower common-field; Jean Louis Marc (1788), at one time lived on the "Tudros Trace", which seems to have led from St. Louis to St. Charles, and was the In- dian road to their hunting grounds. Marc's wife was frequently insulted by these Indians, so he moved to St. Charles for protection; he made a trip up the Missouri, and in 1798 was a tenant of Antoine Vincent Bouis on the Mis- souri, making sugar on his place; this land was situated between the land of Emelian Yosti and Nicolas Lecompte; Marc also seems to have lived at St. Ferdinand, and had a concession sixty-five miles north of St. Louis; Pierre Gagnon (1789) afterwards moved to Cul de Sac. This Pierre Gagnon in 1780 lived in Cahokia. Andrew Roy (1790); Nicolas C. Coontz, probably a relative of John, also a slave owner, was here in 1795 and was employed in expeditions against the Indians, in 1796 owned property at Marais Croche; John B. Grazer, in 1789 built a barn on the lot of Gagnon; Claude Paneton was here about 1790, was also a resident of St. Ferdinand, and in 1786 appears to be a resident of Cahokia; Paul Lacroix (1794), no doubt also related to the Cahokia fam- ily; Jos. Laurain (1794); Joseph Beauchemain (1795), on the Perruque in 1800; Charles Cardinal (1795), and cultivated a field in Upper Prairie; Louis Can- noyer (or Cornoyer) ; Jean Baptiste Contara (1795); Romaine Dufraine or Du- frene (1795); Deshomets (1795); probably Bazil Hebert dit Deshomet of St. Ferdinand, who we find here in 1812; Auguste Felteau (1795); Joseph Fortier (1791); Pierre Palardi (1795), in 1802, moved to Perruque creek; Quenel (1795), probably Pierre of Cahokia; Antoine Bricot (or Bricant) dit Lamarche (1796), and his son Antoine, junior; Paul Canoyer (1796); Comme (1796) died in this year, and his property sold at auction to one Tuton, or Tusson; Tous- saint Cerré (1796), in 1800 owned an island in the Mississippi river, six miles from the mouth of the Missouri, called by the French "Le Grand Isle de Paysa"; Pierre Didier (or Dodier) (1796); Edward Hempstead afterward acquired con-
87
PORTAGE DES SIOUX
The most important settlement in the St. Charles district was Por- tage des Sioux, located on the Mississippi on the tongue of land between this river and the Missouri, and where the Missouri approaches near-
siderable property in this district, as well as in St. Louis and near St. Ferdinand; Jean Baptiste Lamarche (1796), a Canadian, on the Maramec and Missouri in 1798, on Lamarche creek and also a resident in St. Louis; Baptiste LaFlame (1796), no doubt a descendant of Charles LeBoeuf dit LaFlame (see Alvord's Illinois Hist. Col., Vol. II., page 627); Clement Misty (1796), in the lower fields; Jacques Metot (1796), owning field in upper fields; Marie Ann Quebec (1796), also cultivated land in the lower fields; Joseph Rivard (or Rivare) (1796); John B. Senecal (1796) Joseph Tayon (1795), and son Joseph, junior; Charles Vallé was in this district in 1796, and find him at St. Charles in 1802; Joseph Voisard (1795), in 1802 opened a farm of twelve arpens on the Dar- denne; Jeremiah Wray (1796); Louis Human or Hunot (1796) in the upper fields, in 1797 on Cuivre at "Prairie des Butes," died in 1802; Louis Bartolet (1797); Antoine Barada (1797); likely related to same family in St. Louis, or the same person; Francis Tabien (1797); François Jourdan (1797), at Portage des Sioux in 1800; Antoine LaFranchaise (or Frianchise) (1797) son of Madame LaFranchaise who owned a lot also in the town; Isidore Lacroix (1797); Wil- liam McConnell (1797), slave owner, and in 1803 was Commissaire and syndic of the rivière aux Cuivre district, in 1797 a firm under name of McConnell & Spencer did business in St. Charles; François Presseau (1797); Nicolas Royer dit Cola (1797); Baptiste Roy (1795); Bertran (1798); Nicolas Fay (1796); George Gatty (1798), from Pennsylvania, in 1799 on the Dardenne and Mis- souri; John Henry (1798), on Bonne Femme in 1798; Pierre Bissonette (1799), also in St. Louis; Jean Marie Bissonette (1799); Louis Louisgrand (1799), near St. Charles, (possibly Louisgow), or Louisgand, the same who lived in Cahokia in 1780; Pierre Rondin (1799) a negro, sold in 1805 to Pointe AuSable; Gre- goire Tessero dit Bebe (1799); John Vallet (or Vallé) (1799); Claude Boyer (1800); Pierre Clearmont (1800), at Portage des Sioux in 1801; Jean Bap- tiste Doe (or Dow) (1800); Pierre Dubois; Baptiste Lebeau (1800), also in St. Louis; Joseph Lamarche (1800); a Joseph P. Lamarche on Salt river in . 1800; Nicolas LaForret (1800), sold to Pierre Bequet (or Bequette) who sold to Ortiz. and in 1803 sold to Pierre Chouteau; Joseph Marie (1799), in 1800 sev- enty-four miles north of St. Louis; Pierre Provenchére (1800), lived with Char- les DeHault De Lassus a number of years; August Robert (1800); François Carbonneaux (or Charboneau) (1801); moved away from Kaskaskia where he had been clerk of the court, on account of lawlessness there; Pierre Canoyer (or Cornoyer) (1801), a Frenchman; Baptiste LeSage (1801); Joseph Peache (or Pichet) (1801); Patrick Roy (1801), also at Portage des Sioux; Pierre Teaque (1801); Jean Tayon (1801), and on the Mississippi; Francois Girard (1802) near St. Charles; Baptiste Janis (1802), but sold in 1805 to meet his obligations; Antoine Lamarche (1802), also owned property on Lamarche or Spencer creek ; Joseph Larava also in St. Louis (1802), owned a lot in partnership with Nich- olas Fay; Baptiste McDaniel (1802); Baptiste Penrose (1802); Bazil Pickard (1802), also at Portage des Sioux; Baptiste Picard (1802); Francois Ragotte (1802); Manuel A. Roque (1802), and in St. Louis; Jean Baptiste Simoneau (1802); Louis Tayon (1802), son of Carlos, senior, in 1802 moved to a stream north of the Missouri; Alexander Vallé (1802); Pierre Berje (spelling of name uncertain); Ayme (or Agnice) Buat (1796) in the upper fields of St. Charles; Nicolas Boyer; Baptiste Cote (or Cotte); George Collier; Veuve Ellen Cheval- lier; Joseph Dubois; Etienne Dorwain, in 1798 sold his property here; Baptiste and Auguste Dorlac; Michael Deroy; Antoine Derocher (or Deroche) ; Duples- sis, (or Duplacy); Joseph Girard also seems to have been in Ste. Genevieve district and elsewhere; Pierre Garreau; Antoine Janis, junior; Nic- olas Janis; Joseph Jervais, also on Little Prairie; Pierre Labre dit St. Vincent; Jean Baptiste and Francois Langlois; Baptiste Lucier; James and Jesse Mor- rison (1800), from New Jersey, bought and operated the salt works at Boon's
88
HISTORY OF MISSOURI
est to the Mississippi, north of the mouth of that river. According to Beck, Portage des Sioux derived its name from the fact that the Mis- souris, who at one time had their huts near here, being at war with the Sioux, and having heard that the Sioux were coming down the Mississippi on a foraging expedition, with the hope to surprise them, ambushed themselves at the mouth of the river in considerable num- bers, but the Sioux, being more cunning, instead of going to the mouth of the river, landed at a point since known as Portage des Sioux, above the mouth of the river and carried their canoes across to the Missouri, and thus evaded their enemies, and escaped with their spoils.
The village of Portage des Sioux was established at the instance of the Spanish authorities in 1799, and to countervail, in the words of Trudeau, "a military post which the Americans intended to form at a place called Paysa," a point near the present site of Alton, not far from the mouth of the Missouri, on the opposite or east side of the Mississippi. Although no such military establishment was formed there by the Americans, no doubt it was rumored that such an estab- lishment would be made. It was a point always thought to be a favorable location for a military post to control the trade on the Missouri river. When the English first took possession of the Illinois country on the east side of the Mississippi river a military post near the mouth of the Missouri was recommended as highly import- ant. Frazier, in 1768, urged the establishment of a fort opposite the mouth of "the Missouries" river, "which would give us com- mand of that river."19 So, also, when the Spaniards took possession of the Illinois country west of the Mississippi, the first military movement was to establish a fort north of the mouth of the Missouri. In 1799 the Spanish authorities appear again to have been deeply impressed with the importance of a post at or near the mouth of the Missouri, and accordingly François Saucier, at that time a resident of St. Charles, was requested to form a settlement at what was then known as "La Portage des Sioux," and to draw to that point creole inhabitants from the east side of the river, and who, according to Lick, Jesse Morrison afterwards moved to Illinois; owned property on the Dardenne, and in 1803 on Bryant or Lost creek ; Marie Marchand (or Merchant) Charles Machett, may be Joseph C. Machett whose name is found in the ar- chives; Joseph Aubouchon; Joseph Picketts; Francois Prieur; Pierre Quebeck ; Jean Baptiste Savoye, at St. Louis in 1801; Toussaint Soliere or Soulair; Abra- ham Smith; Joseph Tabeau; Randolph or Rudolph dit Rody Veriat, also on the St. François river in the Ste. Genevieve district; William Wooton; Louis Laurain, (Lorain); Joseph Cote.
19 2 Indiana Historical Publications, p. 415. A place known as "Payssa " existed there in 1783. Alvord's Ills. Hist. Coll., vol. 2, p. 153.
89
SAUCIER
Trudeau, had expressed a desire to settle there, and this being a "population analogous to the one wanted in this country." Such a settlement he also thought would be a respectable guard to stop the depredations of the Indians from "the rivers Illinois and Missis- sippi upon the plantations in the interior of the country," on the Missouri, but of course making no reference to the no doubt silent object of also protecting the country against a possible American invasion, of which the Spaniards were then as apprehensive as of the Indian "depredations." Trudeau selected Saucier to establish the village, because he enjoyed the confidence of the creoles on the American side of the river. Saucier himself was a native of the Illinois country, born near Fort de Chartres in 1740. His father, also named François Saucier, was a captain of the French marines, and under his direction Fort de Chartres was finished. In 1765, when Fort Massac was surrendered to the English, Francois Saucier, Junior, was in command there, and after the surrender removed to the west side of the Mississippi, then still in the French possession. Trudeau, in furtherance of the idea of establishing a village at Portage des Sioux, urged Saucier to quietly induce the creoles living on the American side of the river to settle near the post, and to encourage them by giving every facility to form a village, assinging to the settlers land near the same, so as "to enable them to live at ease and be forever content," and thus "to collect the greatest number of people." Soulard was ordered to be ready "on his first demand" to go to the spot "where it is fit the village in question should be," and to make a survey. Saucier was also assured, if he succeeded in accomplish- ing what Trudeau proposed, that this important service would be appreciated by the government. Saucier accordingly took up his residence at Portage des Sioux early in the spring of 1799, had the village laid out, induced many creoles to settle there and acted as commandant of the post until Louisiana was ceded to the United States. Soulard says that Saucier was the father of twenty-two children. He died August 6, 1821, at the age of eighty-one years, in the village which he had founded.20 For his services, Saucier received
20 Says the St. Charles "Missourian" of August 8, 1821, He was the founder of the village and one of the first settlers of upper Louisiana, he lived as he died, "beloved and respected." His five daughters married respectively: Colonel Pierre Menard, Colonel Pierre Chouteau, senior; James Morrison; Jesse Mor- rison and Jean François Perry. François Saucier's second wife was Françoise Nicolle Les Bois, widow of Charles Le Febvre, of Cahokia. She was the eldest daughter of Etienne Nicolle Les Bois and Marie Angelique Giard, his wife, of Cahokia. They were both poisoned by their negroes (Alvord's Ills. Hist. Coll.
90
HISTORY OF MISSOURI
a grant from DeLassus of 8,000 arpens of land. This concession was made to him by DeLassus on the 18th day of September, 1799, and was located on Salt (Auhaha, or O-ha-ha) river, and the deputy surveyor, Charles Fremon DeLauriere was ordered to make the survey by Sou- lard. DeLauriere says that he experienced great difficulty in making the survey, and that he was twice driven away by the Saukee and Fox Indians, although well armed. This grant, except 1,000 arpens, was rejected by the first board of land commissioners, but in 1832 the remainder, 7,800 arpens, were confirmed to Saucier's heirs. The Saucier grant was adjacent to the grants of LeBeaume and De- Lauriere on Salt river, at a place called "La Saline Ensanglantée" (Bloody Saline). Here we should note DeLauriere made salt in 1799 at the extreme frontier, fortified himself against Indians and had a cannon to resist their attacks.21
Among the early inhabitants of Portage des Sioux we find Pedro Vial, who was sent by the governor of New Mexico to explore a route from Santa Fé to St. Louis in 1798; François Lesieur, who claimed four hundred arpens near Portage des Sioux, and three thousand in the St. Charles district, which he assigned to Antoine La Marche. But this François Lesieur should not be confounded with the François LeSieur, commandant of Little Prairie. Other settlers were August Clermont, who came from the village of Prairie Du Pont, in the Illinois country, likely in 1795; Simon and Antoine Le Page, also from the Illinois country; Baptiste Pujol; David Esborough, and Mathew Saucier. Patrick Roy, Charles Le Fevre and Solomon Petit came to Portage des Sioux from the lower fields of St. Charles. Claibourne Rhodes was a resident of the town in 1799, but relinquished his claim in 1800, and secured a concession of land on the Mississippi, intending to establish on it a distillery, cutting the logs for it, but was deterred from building by the Indians, who killed three men near the tract of land he had secured. Another early resident of Portage des Sioux was Antoine Le Claire, a blacksmith, who died there in 1821. He was a native of Montreal, and married into a prominent Pottowatomie Indian family in 1792. In 1800 he was a trader, living in Milwaukee, and thence removed to Peoria, and from there in 1809 to Portage des Sioux. At the time he vol. ii, p. 19). Françoise was born Sept. 19, 1761, and married Saucier Oct. 7, 1793. Her sister married François LeSieur Jan. 28, 1799, also one of the first settlers of Portage des Sioux. Madame Nicolle Les Bois was born at Kaskaskia, daughter of Antoine Giard, and sister of Madame Gabriel Cerré.
21 American State Papers, 5 Public Lands, P. 731.
91
LA CHARETTE
lived in Milwaukee he was the only trader there. He was a man six feet high, well built, and a successful trader. His son, Antoine Le Claire, Junior, was United States interpreter in 1833, at the Saukee and Fox agency, when J. B. Patterson secured the autobiography of Black Hawk. Le Claire, the son, was a prominent citizen of Por- tage des Sioux and on intimate terms with the Indian agent, Major Thomas Forsythe.22 In 1818-19 the American Fur Company had one of its traders, Antoine St. Amont, stationed at Portage des Sioux. 23
Fifty miles up the Missouri river from the village of St. Charles, in what is now Warren county, and where a creek empties into the Missouri river from the north, there was a settlement known as La Charette. The original French name of the settlement has disap- peared, and for it the name of Marthasville, located about a mile from the river, has been substituted. Three miles north of this village still stands the house in which the famous Daniel Boone died. La Charette creek and another creek known as Tuque creek, flowing parallel to it, meander through a fertile bottom. A Spanish fort, "San Juan del Misuri," was established here, and of this fort one Antonio Gautier, lieutenant of the militia, and who in 1796 was an "inhabitant of St. Charles," had command. What manner of fort this "San Juan del 22 3 Minnesota Historical Society Collection, p. 140.
23 Among other early settlers and inhabitants of Portage des Sioux, we may enumerate, Auguste Charan (1797); Alexander Clark (1799); Charles Eber (1799); Joseph Louis Gow (or Goe) (1799); Baptiste McDonald (1799); John McQuick (1799); Estevan Papin (1799); Baptiste Pujol (1799); Louis Charles Roy (1799); Jacques Godfrey (1799); Mathew Saucier, junior, (1799); Crosby (1799), possibly Hezekiah, whose name we find later; Charles Hebert (1800); Francois Leclaire (1800); Baptiste Presse, senior, (1800), and his son Baptiste, junior, also of St. Louis and St. Ferdinand; Charles Saucier (1800), son of Francois; Abraham Dumond (1801) at Carondelet in 1802; Michael Gow (or Louisgaud probably of Cahokia) also here; Charles and Alexis Lefevre (1801); Francois Moquez (1801); Julien Roy (1801), and Julien, junior; Joseph Challefous (or Challefoux) (1802); Joseph Guinard (1802); Joseph Gravier (1802); Joseph Gravelin (1802), and Joseph, junior; Joseph Papin (1802); Jacques Perras (1802); Francois Racine 1802), had a blacksmith shop here in this year; Joseph Lapatry (1803); Thomas Lusby, native of Ireland, came first to Illinois and in 1800 to the Spanish territory, his son Elliott, it is claimed was the first white child born in the town; John A. Seitz (1803); Ebenezer Ayers, from an eastern state, settled at the Point near Portage des Sioux, at a very early date, had a horse-mill, and was a large fruit grower; the first Protestant sermon north of the Missouri, it is said, was preached in his house; in 1804 he was appointed justice of the peace, one of the first under the American government; Charles Roy; Etienne Bienvenue; Joseph Couder; Catharine Delisle; Jean Baptiste Dofine; John King; François Longval (or Louval); Napoleon LeSieur, also at New Madrid; Edward LeSieur; Lefevre LaNoire; Marie Ombre; Louis Pujol; Charles Picard; Alexander and Simon Roy; Pelagie Robideau; Julien Papin Vasquez; Richard Taylor on the forks of the Cuivre.
92
HISTORY OF MISSOURI
Misuri" was, we do not know, nor whether the garrison was a squad of Spanish soldiers or composed of local militia; but most likely this fort was a small log-house built to protect the first settlers against the Indians. All remembrance, however, of "Fort San Juan del Mis- uri" in 1804 appears to have faded from the recollection of the people there. Gass names the settlement "St. John," in his journal of the Lewis and Clark expedition, and this name may be a survival of the name of the fort once located at this place. Among the earliest inhabitants of the vanished village La Charette, we find the name of Joseph Chartran (sometimes mis-spelled Shattrons), who was the syndic of the settlement, probably a relative of Amable Chartran, of Cahokia, and, no doubt, of the family found in Montreal as early as 1668. Joseph Chartran came there from St. Charles. In 1796 he was one of the lot owners of the Upper Prairie. Gass describes La Charette as "a small French village, situated on the north side," and says that the expedition camped one quarter of a mile above it, and that "this is the last white settlement of white people on the river." According to the official report of the expedition, La Charette consisted in 1804 of "seven small houses and as many poor families, " who have fixed themselves here for the convenience of trade.24 Brackenridge, when he passed up the Missouri river in 1811, says: "La Charette is a little village composed of about thirty families, who hunt and raise a little corn. It was founded by the original French colonists, and was for a time the residence of Daniel Boone, after he removed farther up the river from the Femme Osage." 25
Above the village La Charette,26 and the creek of that name, was, as the early French pioneers named it, "Rivière Tuque." Tuque is sometimes written "Duque" in these days. On this creek Joshua Stockdale (or Stogsdill) settled in 1799; so, also, John Haun, a
24 Lewis and Clark's Expedition, p. 9, Coues' Edition.
25 Brackenridge's Journal, p. 19.
26 Among other settlers of this region, in the town and on the stream, we may enumerate, Abraham Darst (1799), had an orchard on the creek in 1804, perhaps the earliest orchard north of the Missouri river, if it was indeed planted as Thomas Smith testified (2 P. L. p. 474); Joseph Chartron, junior, was also a resident of the village on the river; Thomas Witherington (probably Worth- ington) and son John in 1799 had property on the river Charette; Jean Baptiste Luzon, Louison or Leauzon (1801) settled between LaCharette and the Missouri; Pierre Burdeaux (1801) on the river; Joseph Arnois (or Arnoux); Pierre Blan- chett (or Blanchette) received a grant on the Missouri near the village, and on the Tuque; James Meek (1803); Adam McCord (1803); Moses Russell (1803); Pullet (Polite) Cardinal, in 1805 had sugar camps on the waters of Charette; Veuve St. Franceway (François).
93
FEMME OSAGE
German; William and Stephen Hancock in the same year opened a farm at the mouth of the creek; François Woods, who came to the country with the Hancocks, originally made a settlement here, but afterward sold his property and lived on the Perruque.27
About twenty miles from St. Charles, the Femme Osage empties its waters into the Missouri. This creek is about thirty yards wide, and during the Spanish dominion an American settlement was formed here. The earliest settler was Daniel Morgan Boone, in 1797, a son of Daniel Boone, and a slave owner, then indicating a man of wealth.28 His father subsequently, in 1799, came to the country on the invitation of Trudeau, who promised him a grant of one thousand arpens of land.29 In 1800 he was appointed by De-
27 On this stream James Bryan or Bryant settled in 1799; he was also on the Missouri and in St. Louis, if the same person; David Bryan settled on this stream in 1800 near the present town of Marthasville, he was a native of Maryland, and had a large orchard which he grew from apple seed brought from Kentucky in his pocket; his aunt married Daniel Boone, and they were both buried on his farm; John Burnet (1801); Gabriel Marlowe (or Marlot) settled here under permission of the syndic Chartran in 1802, but in the same year sold out his claim to John Busby; Benjamin Rogers (1799) a witness for settlers on this stream, probably lived here; William Spencer (or Spence) (1800); George Arey, (Ayreys or Ayers) (1803); Robert Baldridge, from Ireland, one of the earliest settlers, obtained the grant on which Pond's Fort was built, his son Malachi, and two other men, named Price and Lewis, were killed by Indians while hunt- ing on Loutre Prairie; Andrew Kincaid (or Kincaird) (1800); Jean Marie Cardinal.
28 Colonel Boone and his son laid out a town near here on the Missouri river, called Missouriton, and built a horse-mill, but the place where the town was laid out has long since been washed away by the river. Nathan Boone, son of Daniel, was a surveyor, in 1812.
29 Boone started for Upper Louisiana in September, 1799, going over-land with the stock, accompanied by George Buchanan, an Irishman, and a negro named Sam, belonging to Daniel M. Boone, Flanders Callaway, Forest Hancock, William Hays, senior, William Hays, junior, and Isaac Van Bibber. He reached the Mississippi in October and crossed his stock at the mouth of the Missouri, and from there went to the Femme Osage, where his son Nathan had established himself several years before. The boat in which Boone's wife, Nathan Boone and his wife, Daniel M. Boone, Callaway and others went arrived at Femme Osage before he came. From Femme Osage Boone went to St. Louis, where De- Lassus had succeeded Trudeau; but Trudeau still being in St. Louis secured him the concession of land he had promised. In 1800 Boone hunted beaver on the Bourbeuse with a faithful negro boy named Derry, and in that year caught thirty or forty beaver. While on the Bourbeuse he visited Captain Fish of Rog- er's band of Shawnees and an old squaw with whom he became acquainted when a prisoner among the Indians in Ohio in 1778. In 1801 he hunted beaver on the Niango, called by the Spaniards "Yongo" and in 1802 W. T. Lamme and Nathan also hunted there. Hatters came from Lexington and offered to buy Boone's beaver skins. Lamme and Nathan Boone in 1802 captured nine hundred beaver and sold the skins at $2.50 a skin. But in this year the Osages robbed Daniel Boone and Wm. Hays, junior, who hunted with him (Draper's Notes, vol. 6, p. 241). This Wm. Hays, junior, died near Fulton in Callaway county in 1846; he was born at Boone's Station in 1780.
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