USA > Missouri > St Louis County > St Louis City > Education in Indiana. An outline of the growth of the common school system, together with statements relating to the condition of secondary and higher education in the state and a brief history of the educational exhibit. Prepared for the Louisiana purchase exposition, held at Saint Louis, May 1 to November 30, 1904 > Part 10
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6. What is the effect of school surround- ings upon the taste and morals of the pupils?
7. What are the readiest and surest tests for vitiated air in a room? How many cubic feet of space should be calculated for each pupil!
8. Name the organs of digestion in their physiological order.
9. In what way would you teach the sub- jeet of scientific temperance to pri- mary pupils?
GEOGRAPHY. (Any sir, but no more.)
1. Draw an outline map of your county, locating townships and towns.
2. Compare and contrast temperate and torrid zones. Give width of each.
3. What is included in the term "eli- mate" ? Upon what physical condi- tions does the climate of a place de- pend ?
4. When would you begin to teach formal definitions of the physical forms of the earth!
5. Describe Cuba, giving location, size. surface, climate, products, govern- ment and name its chief executive.
6. What geography would you teach to first year pupils!
7. Name in order the natural divisions of land and water crossed by the equator.
8. What is irrigation? What portions of the United States are benefited by it!
SCIENCE OF EDUCATION.
(Any six, but no more.)
1. What sort of myths and stories would you select for children for the first two or three grades and how can you make them of real educational value!
2. How can you train children in nature work so that they will learn to exer- eise " dominion over nature " !
3. How should you proceed in teaching reading to beginners? .
4. What else should a teacher, especially in the lower grades, do for her pu- pils besides " putting them to their books" !
5.
What is the legal limit of the control
of the teacher over pupils in and out of school!
6. To what extremes may a teacher legally
proceed to maintain order in school!
7. What do you regard as the best atti- tude of the teacher toward the pu- pils!
What can be done to arouse and de- velop dull pupils!
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EDUCATION IN INDIANA.
(() QUESTIONS FOR HIGH SCHOOL LICENSE.
NOTE .- The requirements for a sixty-months' license are as follows: The first divi- sion, an average of 95 per cent., not falling below 85 per cent. in the "Common Branches; " the second division, an average of 75 per cent., not falling below 60 per cent. in any of the five branches, as follows:
Group 1. Literature and Composition (required of all applicants).
Group 2. Algebra or Geometry (one required).
Group 3. Botany, Zoology, Chemistry, Physics, or Physical Geography (one required).
Group 4. History and Civies, Latin or German (one required).
Group 5. One subject from "2." "3" or "4" not already taken. Five subjects are re- quired in this division.
LATIN.
(Answer any sir, including one and tico.)
1. Translate into idiomatic English:
Mittit primo Brutum adules- centem cum cohortibus Cæsar, post cum aliis C. Fabium legatum; postremo ipse, cum vehementius pugnaretur, integros subsidio ad- ducit. Restituto proelio ae repul- sis hostibus, eo quo Labienum mis- erat contendit: cohortes quattuor ex proximo castello deducit, equi- tum partem sequi, partem circu- mire exteriores munitiones et ab tergo hostes adoriri jubet. Labi- einis, postquam neque aggeres neqne fossæ vim hostium sustinere poterant, coactis una quadraginta cohortibus, quas ex proximis prae- sidiis deductas, fors obtulit, (ke- sarem per nuntios facit certiorem quid faciendum existimet. Ac- celerat Casar, ut proelio intersit.
2. Write in Latin, marking long vowels: (a) Cicero begged C'atiline to go forth from the city, saying that he would be freed from fear provided only a wall should be between them.
(b) I do not doubt that Catiline departed gladly.
3. What justification had Cicero for or- dering the death of Roman citizens without a formal trial!
4. What nouns and adjectives of 3d de- clension are i-stem? Which of the above have i as ending of ablative singular? Which i and e? Which e? 5. Translate into idiomatic English:
Hoc autem uno interfecto intel- lego hane rei publica pestem pau- lisper reprimi, non in perpetuum comprimi posse. Qnodsi se eiecerit secumque suos eduxerit et eodem ceteros undique collectos naufragos adgregarit, extinguetur atque dele-
bitur non modo hæe tam adulta rei publicæ pestis, verum etiam stirps ac semen malorum omnium.
6. Explain mode of eiererit. What is the difference in meaning between reprimi and comprimi? What is the deriviation of naufragos?
7. Translate and scan:
Ecce autem complexa pedes in limine coniunx
Hærebat, parvum que patri ten- debat Iulum: Si periturus abis, et nos rape in omnia tecum:
Sin aliquam expertus sumptis spem ponis in armis,
Hane primum tutare donum. Cui parvus lulus,
Cui pater et coniunx quondam tua dieta relinquor!
8. What would you hold forth to your puplis as the practical benefits to be derived from Latin study?
GERMAN. (Ansicer any eight.)
1. Translate: Doch ist's so schön, an den Frühling des Lebens zurückzuden- ken, in sein Inneres zurückzus- chanen-sich zu erinnern. Ja, auch im schwülen Sommer, im trüben Herbst und im kalten Winter des Lebens gibt's hier und da einen Frühlingstag, und das Herz sagt: "Mir ist's wie Frühling zu Muthe." Ein solcher Tag ist's heute.
Deutsche Liebe .- Max Müller.
2. Compare the four attributive adjec- tives in the above selection.
3. Give the three principal parts of each verb in the quotation above.
4. Write a sentence containing prepo- sitional phrase " um-willen: " one containing preposition " oberhalb."
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EDUCATION IN INDIANA.
5. Write a sentence containing some form of the verb "helfen" with an ob- jeet; one containing some form of the verb "rauben" with two ol- jects, one of the person, the other of the thing.
6. Translate: Ich mag das nicht thun. Ich möchte es gern schen. Moch- ten Sie lieber das Andere haben?
7. Translate: He said he had done it. Why cannot "hätte" be used as an auxiliary!
8. Translate:
Aber es sassen die drei noch immer sprechend zusammen,
Mit dem geistlichen Herrn der Apothe- ker beim Wirte;
Und es war das Gespräch noch immer ebendasselbe,
Das viel hin und her nach allen Seiten geführt ward,
Aber der treffliche Pfarrer sagte, wir- dig gessinnt, drauf:
·Widersprechen will ich ench nicht. Ich weiss es, der Mensch soll
Immer streben zum Bessern; und, wie wir sehen, er strebt auch
Immer dem Höheren nach, zum wenig- sten sucht er das Neue.
9. Translate into German: Balt van Tas- sel was an easy soul; he loved his danghter better even than his pipe. and like a reasonable man and an excellent father, let her have her way in everything. His notable little wife, too, had enough to do to attend to her housekeeping .- [The Legend of Sleepy Hollow .- Irving.
10. Name two histories by Schiller, and two historical novels by the same anthor.
CHEMISTRY.
1. Define oxidation, reduction, oxide, atom, molecule.
2. State the law of definite proportions and illustrate by an example the meaning of the law.
3. Mention some important work of two of the following men: Priestly, Scheele, Lavoisier, Mendelejeff.
4. 1s pure water a mixture or a chemical compound? Give reasons for your answer.
5. How would you determine the propor- tions by weight of oxygen and iron in iron oxide? Give details.
6. Stato the properties, physical and chemical, of chlorine and of hydro- . gen chloride.
7. Describe an experiment to show that ammonia gas contains hydrogen.
8. Give a clear statement of the method used and the chemistry involved in making sulphuric acid.
9.
How is artificial illuminating gas made? What is the chief by-prodnet pro- duced in making it? What proper- ties has the gas!
10. What weight of oxygen can be pro- duced by heating 245 grams of potassium chlorate (K(103?
ZOOLOGY.
1. Define morphology, physiology, ecol- ogy.
2. State the general rule governing the number of young.
3. Give the life history of the honey bee.
4. Name three forms of adaptation.
5. What is the basis of colonial or com- munal life!
6. What is the purpose of warning colors and terrifying appearances of some animals!
7. Define mind in the biological sense. '
8. Account for the large number of spe- cies.
9. What is the purpose of sex!
10. Explain the reproduction of the cray- fish.
BOTANY.
1. What is the effect of strong, dry winds upon vegetation ?
2. What is a fungus? To what plant king- dom does it belong? Example.
3. Why are annual plants destitute of scale leaves!
4. Define cell; tissue. Name the princi- pal plant tissues.
5. In what ways are leguminons plants helped by bacteria on their roots?
6. Mention the common characters of foliage leaves.
7. What is the primary meristem? Where found!
8. Characterize gymnosperms. Give an example.
9. What is meant by photosyntax or car- bon fixation? In what part of the plant does it take place? Under what conditions!
10. What is the botanical meaning of the term fruit ? What floral parts enter into the formation of an apple!
LITERATURE AND COMPOSITION.
" Roll on, thou deep and dark blue ocean, roll!
Ten thousand fleets sweep over thee in vain:
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EDUCATION IN INDIANA.
Man marks the earth with ruin-his con- trol
Stops with the shore ;- upon the watery plain
The wrecks are all thy deed, nor doth re- main
A shadow of man's ravage, save his own, When for a moment, like a drop of rain,
He sinks into the depths with bubbling groan,
Without a grave, unknelled, uneoffined, and unknown." -Byron.
1. Sketch the life of the author of the above.
2. Name the literary composition that first brought him into prominence.
3. Discuss the influence of his writings. 4. Quote him.
5. Explain the illusions in the stanza given above.
6. State some of the weaknesses of the modern novel.
7. Outline a lesson in composition in which you wish to teach
(a) paraphrasing.
(b) vivid description. (e) style.
8. State a plan for correcting the written work of a class of thirty or more students.
9 and 10. State some of the ordinary ob- stacles encountered in the teaching of this subject, and suggest reme- dies for the same.
PHYSICS.
(Answer any eight, but no more.)
1. A liter of air at 0℃' and 76 em. pres- sure weighs 1.296 gm. What is the weight of 100 cu. em. of air at (ºC and at a pressure of 740 mm .!
2. Define dyne, erg.
3. Calculate the temperature of absolute zero expressed on the Fahrenheit and Centigrade scales.
4. What are beats and how are they pro- duced !
5. Give Huyghen's construction to show that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
6. Two equal magnetic poles placed 10 em. apart are found to repel each other with a force of 3,600 dynes. What is the strength of each pole?
7. Give two reasons why copper wire is not used in resistance boxes.
8. What is the difference between static electricity and current electricity!
9. What causes a battery to polarize!
10. Give a diagram of and explain fully the modern telephone transmitter.
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY.
(Answer any eight, not omitting ninth and tenth.)
1. By what processes is the surface of the earth broken up and smoothed down?
2. Explain why so many rivers of the Appalachian region have their courses across the mountain ridges. What is a superimposed river?
3. What land forms in Northern Indiana are due to glaciation?
4. Explain the formation of the Great Lakes of North America.
5. To what causes are plains due? Give examples of plains due to the dif- ferent causes mentioned.
6. Why have Europe and North America so many gulfs, bays and islands on their coasts and South America and Africa so few!
7. What effect does the Gulf of Mexico have on the rainfall of the United States!
8. Why do isotherms not correspond with parallels of latitude?
9. Give outline for lessons in field and laboratory work in physical ge- ography.
10. What is the relation of physical ge- ography to political or commercial geography?
GENERAL HISTORY AND CIVICS. (Answer any eight.)
1. Describe concisely the caste system of Ancient Egypt.
2. Marathon-What? When? Why?
3. When and by what battle did Philip of Macedon become master of Greece!
4. What were the reforms favored by the Gracchi?
5. Give a brief account of the Feudal .
System.
6. What was the Magna Charta? When, from whom, and how was it ob- tained!
7. Who was Richelieu? Walpole? Wil- liam Piatt! Mazarine!
8. What were the three great compro- mises of the constitutional conven- tion of 1787?
9. Of what is the congress of the United States composed? State qualifica- tions of membership, length of terms, privileges of members.
10. Of what is the general assembly of Indiana composed? State qualifica- tions of membership, terms, privi- leges of members.
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EDUCATION IN INDIANA.
ALGEBRA.
1. Multiplya3+3a2b+6 2by a 2-2a 1]+12.
2. Explain fully the meaning of negative integral exponents.
3. Of what numbers are high powers larger than the low powers! Smaller? The same?
4. Factor-(2x +3)2-(x-3)2.
5. Give true axioms used in solving equa- tions.
6. If 3 cows and 8 horses cost £245, and 5 cows and 7 horses cost £250, how much do 2 cows and 3 horses cost?
7. Solve the equation
x-B{x-1(x_x=&x) } ]=53.
8. If the numerator of a certain fraction be doubled and its denominator in- creased by 7, it becomes 12; if the denominator be doubled and its numerator increased by 7, it be- comes unity. Find the fraction.
9. Express as a single fraction in its lowest terms: x2-x-6 x2+x-6 x2-1
x2-3x +2 x2+x-2 x2+6x-9
10. +
x x+3 X-4
x-1 + 2=0. Find both value of x.
GEOMETRY.
(Answer any eight, but no more.)
1. What is meant by dividing a line in ex- treme and mean ratio!
2. Define (a) segment of a circle, (b) chord. (c) secant, (d) tangent.
3. Any two altitudes of a triangle are in- versely proportional to the corre- sponding bases. Prove.
4. If two chords of a circle are equal they are equally distant from the center. Prove.
5. Find a mean proportional between two given straight lines, proving the method.
6. Prove that the area of a regular poly- gon equals half the product of the apothem and the perimeter.
7. Show how the circumference of a circle may be divided into six equal ares.
8. Prove that one of the angles formed by the bisectors of the base angles of an isoceles triangle is equal to one of the exterior base angles.
9. What is a plane? What determines the position of a plane!
10. The sum of any two face angles of a trihedral angle is greater than the third face angle. Prove.
d. QUESTIONS FOR PROFESSIONAL LICENSE.
NOTE .- The following resolution was adopted by the state board of education, Octo- ber 31, 1887:
Resotred, That the examination for professional license include the following branches: Algebra, Civil Government, American Literature, Science of Education, and two of the following three subjects-Elements of Physics, Elements of Botany or Latin (Latin grammar, two books of Cæsar, and two of Virgil); and
Further resotred, That the examination for state license shall include, in addition to those of professional license, Geometry, Rhetoric, General History, English Litera- ture, Physical Geography, and two of the following three subjects-Chemistry, Geology, Zoology.
SPECIAL NOTICE TO APPLICANTS.
In view of the fact that the manuscripts of applicants for both life state and profes- sional licenses are sent to the several members of the state board of education for grada- tion, it is essential that applicants for such licenses observe the following rules:
1. Write on one side of the paper only, using legal cap.
2. See that the answers to the questions in each branch are entirely separate from those of any other branch, and securely fastened together.
· 3. Write full name and postoffice address upon each set of answers.
4. Furnish your county superintendent copies of recommendations, as they are to be filed for future reference, and can not be returned.
5. The expense of sending manuscripts should be furnished the county superintend- ent by the applicant.
105
EDUCATION IN INDIANA.
RULES.
1. Each applicant for a state certificate shall, at the opening of the examination, pay to the county superintendent the sum of five dollars, the fee prescribed by law. which can in no case be refunded. Appli- cants for a "professional" license are not required to pay a fee.
2. Applicants shall provide themselves with legal cap paper and pens and ink, and shall write all their work in ink.
3. Each applicant will be furnished with a printed list of questions in each subjeet at the hour designated. He shall number his answers to correspond with the ques- tions, but need not copy the latter. The pages upon each subject should be fastened together, and across the top of the first page should be written at the left the subject, in the middle the applicant's name, at the right the county. Manuscripts must not be folded or rolled.
4. No books shall be consulted nor com- munication permitted during the examina- tion. No one shall be permitted to make inquiries respecting the import of any question. If any one shall be in doubt as to the meaning of a question he shall ex- press his doubt in writing, and this state- ment shall be submitted to the board with his examination papers.
5. If corrections are necessary they shall be made by drawing a single line over the amended error, that the error as well as the correction may be seen. No slate or trial papers shall be used, but all the writing shall be upon the sheets of the examination papers.
6. Any violation of these rules shall be reported by the superintendent to the state board.
7. The county superintendent will col- leet and carefully count the manuscripts to see that none are missing, and will send them immediately to the state superin- tendent, by mail or express, at the expense of the applicants.
GENERAL STATEMENT. (On separate sheet.)
1. Forwhat grade of license do you apply? 2. If applying for a professional or life state license, state the dates and general averages of your two 36-months' licenses.
3. How many months have you taught, and how many of these have been in In- (liana !
4. Make this or an equivalent declara- tion: I solemnly declare that in the March division of the examination I have not
given or received aid in any manner what- ever, and will neither give nor receive aid in the remaining division thereof.
[Sign with futt name (not initials), and add postoffice address and date.]
ALGEBRA.
1. Would you introduce the subject of algebra before entering the high school? Give reasons for your an- swer.
2. If the product of three consecutive numbers be divided by each of them in turn, the sum of the three quo- tients is 74, What are the numbers?
3. Demonstrate that aº = 1 .. - 1 c., - is 0
0
n 1
indeterminate, that a =
an .
4. Find the nearest approximate fourth root of 17, to five decimal places.
5. If the product of two numbers be added to their difference the result is 26, and the sum of their squares ex- ceeds their difference by 50. Find the numbers.
6. At what time between 10 and 11 o'clock is the minute-hand of a watch 25 minutes in advance of the hour- hand!
7. Solve the following:
1 1 y 1 x 7
1 1 1
y Z
x
1 1 1
7 X
y 8. By using the following, develop the law of signs, exponents, and coeffi- cients, of the binomial theorem (2a2-3b3)5.
9. Factor
(a) a3 + 813. (b) 6x2 + 5x - 4.
(c) x4 + x2y2 +9%. (d) x3- 5x2 - 2x + 10. (e) a2 - 12 - (2 + 2bc + a + b + c.
10. Solve the equation given below and thus determine a formula for the solution of all quadraties:
ax2 + bx + c =0.
CIVIL GOVERNMENT.
(Any eight, but no more.)
1. Give in detail the processes involved in making a treaty with a foreign country.
106
EDUCATION IN INDIANA.
2. What important advantage was gained for the United States in the late lay-Pauneefoto treaty!
3. What is the title of our highest diplo- matie representatives in foreign countries? Name the foreign na- tions to which we accredit such representatives. Name two or more of these representatives now in the service.
4. Describe fully how a bill becomes a law, giving all the processes of its enactment.
5. When does a man elected to congress in November, 1902, become a mem- ber! Unless extra sessions are held, when will the member first meet with congress!
6. Enumerate six sole powers of the president.
7. Write one page on the subject: The Powers and Duties of the Governor of Indiana.
8. Write fully on the jurisdiction of the United States supreme court.
9. Enumerate some acts of congress which were made possible only upon the basis of "implied powers."
10. How are congressional vacancies filled -in lower house? In senate?
AMERICAN LITERATURE. (Any eight, but no more.)
1. Give a sketeli of the life and work of the leading literary character of the revolutionary period.
2. Discuss Washington Irving as to (a) Rank as an author.
(b) His important writings.
(c) The merits of one of his works. 3. Criticise one of Emerson's essays.
4. Quote from the Vision of Sir Launfal, and indicate the author's rank com- pared with contemporary writers.
5. Compare Holmes with Whittier as to (a) Literary style.
(b) Influence.
"The groves were God's first temples. Ere man learned
To hew the shaft and lay the architrave, And spread the roof above them-ere he framed
The lofty vault, to gather and roll back The sound of anthems; in the darkling wood,
Amid the cool and silence, he knelt down
And offered to the Mightiest solemn thanks
And supplication."
6. (a) Name the author and give names of contemporary writers.
(b) For what was the author of these lines particularly noted!
Who is your favorite American poet! Quote him.
8. Who is your favorite American novel- ist! Name his important works. and give a brief sketch of one.
9. Discuss the historical novel as to (a) purpose, (b) influence. (c) literary merit.
BOTANY.
1. What are the physical factors chiefly determining plant distribution ? Which of these is the most import- ant? Give reasons.
2. Name the great groups into which the plant kingdom is divided. Give an example of a plant form belonging to each of these groups.
3. What characteristics (anatomical) do plants growing in water or in soils rich in water show? Give reasons for these structural features.
4. Explain in detail the various protective devices of plants growing in desert regions. What would be the proba- ble effect of irrigation upon the plant life of a desert region.
5. Define plant transpiration and explain its necessity. Through what parts of a plant does transpiration take place !
6. How do plants breathe ? Show that plant breathing is strictly com- parable to the breathing of animals. What is carbon fixation or photo- syntax ?
7. Define the term root as applied to higher plants. Give the functions of roots.
8. In what ways may plants reproduce their kind? Give an example of each method.
9. Explain plant migrations. Explain occurrence of arctic plants on moun- tain tops in temperate regions.
10. Give the life history of any plant you may select,
LATIN. (Insier any eight.)
1.
Translate: Cæsar pancos die in eorum
finibus moratus, omnibus vieis aedi- ficisque invenses fatisque snecisis se in fines Uniorum recepit, atque his auxilium suum pollicitus, si ab Suebis premerentur, per explora- tores pontem fieri comperissent more sno concilio habito nuntios in omnes partes dimisisse, ut de oppi- dis demigrarent, liberos, uxores
107
EDUCATION IN INDIANA.
snaque onmia in silvis deponerent. atque omnes qui arma ferre possent unum in locum convenirent. Hune esse delectum medium fere "(- gionum earum quas Snebi obtiner- ent; hie Romanorum adventum ex- pectare atque ibi decertare con- stitnisse.
2. Give the syntactical use of the words in italic.
3. Translate into Latin: (a) Many have been found who have declared pain the greatest ill. (b) Before I come back to the case I will say a few things concerning myself. (c) He answered Cæsar that he had come into Gaul before the Roman people. What did he want! Why did he come into his domain ? (d) Change (c) into oratio reeta.
4. Give the forms and uses of the peri- phrastie conjugation, active and passive.
5. Translate: Atvero C. Cæsar intellegit. legem Semproniam esse de civibus Romanis constitutam; qui anten rei publicæ sit hostis, eum civem esse nullo modo posse; denique ipsum Jatorem Semproniæ legis iniussu populi poenas rei publica dependisse Idem ipsum Lentulum, largitorem et prodigum, non putat (nm de pernicie populi Romani, exitie huius urbis tam seerbe, tam erndeliter cogitarit, etiam appellari posse popularem.
6. Give the special use of the words in italie in the above.
7. Give the general rules of participles- as to form-as to use.
8. Name the prominent poets and prose writers of the " Silver Age."
9. Translate:
En Priamus! Sunt hie etiam sua praem ia laudi;
Sunt lacrimae rerum et mentem mortalia tangunt.
Solve metus: feret hace aliquam tibi fama salntem.
Sie ait, atque animum pictura pascit inani.
Multa gemens, largoque umectat finmine vultum.
Namque videbat, nti bellantes Pergama circum
Hac fugerent Graii, premeret Troi- ana juventus.
Hae Phryges, instaret curru crista- tus Achilles.
10. Scan the above, and give rules of quantity and accent.
PHYSICS.
1. Show how it is possible for an ice-boat to sail faster than the wind.
2. What sort of a force is acting in the case of a body moving («) with uni- form velocity; (b) with uniform speed in a straight line: (r) with uniform acceleration in a straight line: (d) with simple harmonic motion!
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