USA > Missouri > St Louis County > St Louis City > Education in Indiana. An outline of the growth of the common school system, together with statements relating to the condition of secondary and higher education in the state and a brief history of the educational exhibit. Prepared for the Louisiana purchase exposition, held at Saint Louis, May 1 to November 30, 1904 > Part 14
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Out of the 178 charter members, now at the end of fifty years, only four of them are living, so far as the committee can learn, viz. : Hoss. Stevens, Cooper and Shortridge.
Tt will be noticed that the enrollment of this association reached 178, which was a larger per cent. of the teachers at that time than is an attendance of 1,000 of the teachers now employed in the state, and this in face of the fact that at that time but few rail- roads entered Indianapolis.
The second meeting of the association was held at Madison, December 26, 27, 28, 1855. At this meeting the committee ap- pointed at the previous meeting reported in favor of establishing an educational journal, and after discussion it was
Resolved. That this association will publish an educational journal, similar in size and typographical execution to the Ohio Journal of Educa- tion. that this journal be conducted by nine editors appointed by this association. one of whom shall be styled the resident editor, and that the journal shall be furnished to subscribers at one dollar per annum.
Geo. B. Stone, superintendent of the Indianapolis schools, was annointed resident editor. Members of the association present subscribed for 425 copies, and the first issue appeared the follow- ing month, Jannary, 1856. For several years the association continued to appoint editors and stand responsible for the finances of the journal.
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EDUCATION IN INDIANA.
At this meeting on motion of Moses C. Stevens it was
Resolved, That we, as teachers, believing the use of tobacco in all its forms to be unnecessary and injurious, will exert our influence to restrain its use by every laudable effort.
The resolution was discussed and passed with enthusiasm. Dr. Daily, who was presiding, listened to the discussion and put the motion without hesitation, but continued chewing and spitting as though nothing had happened.
At this meeting a committee was appointed to memorialize the next legislature to provide means to sustain a competent corps of instructors to assist the state superintendent in conducting teach- ers' institutes for at least six months annually ; and also to consider the propriety and wisdom of making provision for the establish- ment of at least two normal schools.
In Angust of this same year a semi-annual meeting of the association was held at Lafayette, at which resolutions were passed in favor of longer school terms, more frequent county institutes, higher standards for teachers, and a state agent was appointed to canvass for the school journal.
At the meeting of 1857 committees were appointed for each congressional district, whose duty it was to conduct teachers' insti- tutes.
These specitie citations indicate clearly the scope of the work of the association. Its work may be classed largely under four heads : (1) To create a better publie sentiment in regard to public schools ; (2) To suggest and influence school legislation; (3) To secure higher standards for teachers and better methods of teach- ing: (4) To extend the length of the school term. Working along these lines the association has accomplished wonders. In 1867 the same law that had been declared unconstitutional by the supreme conrt in 1854-7 -- the law giving the people the right to levy local taxes for tuition purposes-was re-enacted, and so great had been the change in public sentiment in ten years, that the constitution- ality of this enactment was not tested for eighteen years and then it was declared constitutional.
Largely through the influence brought to bear by this association the legislature of 1865 enacted laws adding physiology and U. S. history to the legal common school branches ; extending the powers and duties of the school examiner; making the legal age for a
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EDUCATION IN INDIANA.
child to enter school six instead of five years; making the holding of county teachers' institutes obligatory upon examiners.
At this session also the school law was amended by the addition of this clause: "The Bible shall not be excluded from the public schools of the state."
It will be remembered that the first meeting of the association passed a resolution in regard to the teaching of the Bible, and an examination of the records will show that down to the present time there has scarcely been a session held in which Bible and Christian teaching has not been commended in some form. And the record shows no instance in which one word has ever been spoken against such teaching. This ought to be conclusive proof that those who denounce the public schools as "Godless" belong to that class who cannot distinguish between religious and dog- matie teaching, and that their statements are libelous.
The fight for a state normal school, begun in the second meeting of the association, was kept up until the year 1865, when the normal school bill became a law. This legislation was hastened be- cause of the fact that the chairman of the executive committee of this association, A. C. Shortridge, induced Gov. O. P. Morton to make an address before the association and to recommend in his message to the legislature the establishment of a normal school. The governor read to Mr. Shortridge that part of his message which referred to the normal school question and asked for sugges- tions. It was further aided because a member of this association, Hon. B. E. Rhodes, of Vermillion county, was a member of the legislature and was its chief supporter.
Next to the law permitting local taxation the county superin- tendency law was the most important piece of school legislation ever achieved in the state. It did more to integrate, unify, and elevate the county schools than any other one law. This law was enacted in 1873 and was the direct ontgrowth of the work of this association to elevate the standard of teachers and to make better the district schools.
As will be seen from the above, that years before the state made any provision for the holding of township associations or county institutos, this association urged the holding of such meeting voluntarily and often appointed committees to look after the work. In this way thousands of teachers were reached and helped.
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EDUCATION IN INDIANA.
In 1865 this association appointed John M. Olcott to hold a state institute. It was held at Knightstown, and continued three weeks, with an enrollment of 131. In each of the years 1866, 1867, 1868, four state institutes were held in the four quarters of the state. These were under the management of a committee appointed by this association. AAble instructors were brought from other states and the work was of a high order. It can readily be seen that, under the then existing conditions, this work was of great value.
In the early history of this state and for many years after the organization of this association no provision whatever was made for the education of the negroes. The subject was frequently brought forward in the association and always aroused animated discussion. On one occasion a member introduced a resolution favoring the education of the negro, and the president (James G. May) refused to entertain the motion. An appeal being taken to the association and a majority deciding against the president he vacated the chair rather than put the motion, and did not resume it till that question was disposed of.
Among the agencies for the improvement of teachers in the state- is the teachers' reading circle. This originated in this association and is still controlled exclusively by it without the help of state aid. The resolution under which the reading cirele was organized was introduced by W. A. Bell in December, 1883, and the reading circle board was organized and began its work the following year. This has been, from the beginning, the most successful teachers' reading circle in the United States and has been the means of cir- eulating among the teachers thousands of good books every year. The amount of good this agency has done in the last twenty years can hardly be estimated.
Another child of this association is the young people's reading circle. It came as the result of a paper read before the association by Prof. Joseph Carhart, in December, 1877, and it began its work the following year. It is under the control of the teachers' reading circle board and has been managed in such a way as to be a great success from the start. It is supplemental in a way to the legally constituted common-school system, but this does not dimin- ish in any degree its power for good. Through this agency good
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EDUCATION IN INDIANA.
books by the hundred thousand go into the hands of children and their homes every year.
In these later years the association has greatly increased its scope and its influence by providing for different sections to occupy a part of the time. These sections are the high school, primary, classical, English, mathematical, musical, elocution, county super- intendents, etc. In these sections the special needs of the various departments of work can be considered and the main association can give its time to the discussion of the larger more general educational problems.
Of course it is not claimed that this association has been the exclusive agency in bringing about all the educational reforms named above, but it is claimed that it inaugurated many of them and has helped in all of them.
This closes its fiftieth year's work, and it has reason to be proud of what it has accomplished. We can all rest assured that in the future, as in the past, it will strive for what is the highest and best.
Below we give the names of the varions presidents of the asso- ciation, with the dates of their service :
Wm. M. Daily 1854
Wm. M. Daily 1855
Chas. Barnes. 1856
James G. May
1857
Barnabas C. Hobbs 1858
Caleb Mills.
1859
E. P. Cole.
1860
Geo. A. Irvine. 1861
Cyrus Nutt. 1862
A. R. Benton 1863
B. F. Hoyt.
1864
R. T. Brown
1865
Geo. W. Iloss.
1866
Jos. F. Tuttle
1867
A. C. Shortridge 1868
Joseph Tingley.
1869
D. Eckley Hunter
1870
Alex. M. Gow.
1871
Wm. A. Bell
.1872
Jas. H. Smart.
1873
Wm. A. Jones
1874
Geo. P. Brown.
1875
Wm. H. Wiley 1876
J. Il. Martin 1877
Jolm M. Bloss
1878
J. T. Merrill
1879
John Cooper
1880
II. B. Jacobs
18S1
ITorace S. Tarbell
1882
John S. Irwin.
1883
Harvey B. Hill.
1884
E. E. Smith.
1885
Cyrus W. Hodgin.
1886
Emma Mont McRae
1887
Lewis II. Jones
1888
J. A. Zeller
1889
W. W. Parsons
1890
E. B. Bryan
1891
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EDUCATION IN INDIANA.
J. N. Study 1892
L. O. Dale. 1893
Joseph Swain 1894
Howard Sandison
1895
J. F. Scull. 1896
R. A. Ogg
1897
F. M. Stalker
1898
W. HI. Glascock 1899
Robert I. Hamilton 1900
H. B. Brown
1901
C. A. Prosser.
1902
Charles A. Van Matre. .1903
Wm. L. Bryan
1904
2. SOUTHERN INDIANA TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION.
a. HISTORICAL SKETCH.
The state teachers' association has always contributed largely to the interest which keeps alive the professional spirit among our teachers. But it was observed soon after its organization that its influence was not as far-reaching as it should be. In order to "bring together, annually, a large number of teachers who seldom attend the sessions of the state association, a number of superin- tendents and teachers from the southern part of the state met during the session of the state teachers' association" held in December, 1877, "and formed a new organization, called the 'Southern Indiana teachers' association.'" The attendance in 1902 was about 2,000.
b. PROGRAM.
PROGRAM BLOOMINGTON MEETING, APRIL 3, 4 AND 5, 1902.
GENERAL ASSOCIATION.
Thursday, April 3. 8 p. m.
Greetings-(a) From the city of Bloomington.
(b) From the public schools.
(c) From the university of Indiana.
Response-Charles A. Prosser, superintendent schools, New Albany.
Address-Retiring president. C. N. Peake, superintendent schools, Prince- ton.
Inangural Address-President J. H. Tomlin, superintendent schools, Shel- byville.
Business-Appointment of committees, etc.
Social Function-General reception to teachers by the women's council of the city of Bloomington.
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EDUCATION IN INDIANA.
PROGRAM STATE TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION, DECEMBER 26-28, 1901.
GENERAL ASSOCIATION-HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Thursday, December 26, 8 p. m. )
Invocation- The Rev. H. C. Meserve, pastor Plymonth church.
Music-Violin solo. Prof. Fred Noble.
Address-Retiring president. Sopt. R. 1. Hamilton, Huntington.
Inaugural Address-"The Responsibilities of the Educator." President H.
B. Brown, Valparaiso.
Music-Vocal solo, Miss Effie C. Hessin.
Business-Appointment of committees and miscellaneous business.
Friday. December 27. 8:30 a. m.
Invocation-The Rev. Joshua Stansfield, Pastor Meridian-street M. E. church.
Music-Piano solo, Miss Olive Kilgore.
Symposium-"What Shall be Indiana's Next Steps in Education?"
a. As to "Ideals and Processes," Prof Howard Sandison; 20 minutes.
b. As to "Reforms." Prof. Amos W. Butler: 20 minutes.
c. As to "School Economy," Supt. F. L. Jones: 20 minutes.
d. As to "Supervision." Supt. Chas. A. Van Matre; 20 minutes.
e. As to "Manual Training." Supt. R. I. Hamilton; 20 minutes.
f. As to "The Training of Teachers." Supt. D. M. Geeting: 20 minutes. Discussion of the views presented in the Symposium. Prof W. W. Parsons: 20 minutes.
Address-"Education Through Self-activity." Mrs. O. P. Kinsey, Val- paraiso college.
Friday, December 27, 2 p. m.
Music-Vocal solo, Miss Effie C. Hessin.
Selection-By Mrs. C. W. Boncher.
Lecture-"Some Foundation Stones of Education," Prof. R. P. Halleck. principal male high school. Louisville, Ky.
"The Function of the Training School." Miss Anna Trueblood, state normal training school.
Discussion-Mrs. Elizabeth O. Copeland, Marion normal college: Mrs. E. E. Olcott, Danville normal college. General disenssion.
Lecture-"Liquid Air, Its Uses and Possibilities." Prof. HI. B. Thearle.
Note-Prof. II. B. Thearle will come prepared with apparatus and will make liquid air, which the audience will be allowed to examine. Dr. Glenn, of Georgia, says that Prof. Thearle's work is wonderful and will be highly valuable to the edneator.
Friday, December 27. 8 p. m.
Music-Piano solo, Miss Olive Kilgore.
Violin solo. Prof. Fred Noble. Address-Annual address, "Fads," Supt. F. Louis Soldan, St. Louis, Mo.
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EDUCATION IN INDIANA.
Friday, April 4, 9. a. m.
Invocation-Rev. T. J. Clark, pastor Kirkwood-avenue Christian church. Address-"Thinking in Things and in Symbols," Dr. Nathan C. Schaeffer
Harrisburg. Pa.
Paper-"Education by Occupation," Dr. W. L. Bryan, university of In- diana.
Discussion-Principal R. F. Taylor, colored high school, Jeffersonville. Indiana as the State Teachers' Association.
Friday, April 4, 2 p. m.
Address-"Grades of Thinking and Thinking in the Grades," Dr. Schaeffer. Address-"Modernizing the Course of Study," W. A. Hester, superintend- ent schools, Evansville.
Discussion-Prof. F. M. Stalker, state normal school, Terre Haute. Address-"Art," Mr. A. M. Brooks, university of Indiana.
Friday, April 4. S p. m.
Annual Address-"The Central Factor in Education," F. Trendley, Super- intendent schools, Youngstown, Ohio.
Saturday, April 5, 8:30 p. m.
Invocation-The Rev. C. E. Clough, pastor Baptist church.
Address-"Does Education Pay?" Dr. Schaeffer.
Report-Committee on revision of constitution.
Business-Miscellaneous.
PRIMARY SECTION-WYLIE HALL, SECOND FLOOR (ROOM 36).
April 4, 2 p. m.
This work does not come to hand in time for publication.
MUSIC SECTION-WYLIE HALL, SECOND FLOOR (ROOM 36).
April 5, 8:30 a. m.
Paper-"Music in the Primary Grades," Miss Ella Duncan, Columbus. Paper-"Sense and Nonsense, in Music Teaching." Arthur Mason, Co lumbus.
Discussions-(a) "Tone." Mr. Ridgeway Gebhart, New Albany.
(In) "Individual Work." Mr. J. M. Black, Washington.
Music-Vocal and instrumental. will be interspersed through the work of the session.
ART SECTION.
Exhibit in woman's gymnasium, open Friday and Saturday. Work in connection with this to be arranged.
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EDUCATION IN INDIANA.
HIGH SCHOOL SECTION-WYLIE HALL-SECOND FLOOR (ROOM 36).
Friday, April 4. 9 a. m.
Paper-"General Secondary School Problems," W. S. Rowe, superintend- ent of schools, Connersville.
Disenssion-AA. O. Neal, principal high school, Franklin: Lotus D. Coff- man, principal high school, Salem.
Paper-"The High School Principal and His Work." Edward G. Bauman, principal high school, Mt. Vernon.
Discussion-S. H. Hall, Borden college, Borden.
Paper-"Some Phases of High School English Composition Work." A. W. Senior, department of English, university of Indiana.
Discussion-O. H. Greist, department of English. Bedford high school:
Clara Funk, department of English. Jeffersonville high school.
General disenssion and miscellaneous business.
J. H. TOMLIN, President. FANNIE WATTS, Secretary. W. D. KERLIN, Treasurer. J. K. BECK, Chairman Executive Committee.
3. NORTHERN INDIANA TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION. 1. HISTORICAL SKETCH.
In order to accomplish the same results in northern Indiana that the southern association accomplished in the southern part of the state, an organization bearing the above name was effected at Island Park (Rome City, Ind. ), July 9, 1883.
This association has enrolled large numbers of teachers cach year, bringing together teachers from all grades of school work. The attendance in April, 1902, was about 3,000.
b. PROGRAM.
PROGRAM OF THE SOUTH BEND MEETING, 1902.
GENERAL ASSOCIATION-STUDEBAKER AUDITORIUM. Thursday, April 3, 2:30 p. m.
Music.
Invocation.
Music.
Address of Welcome -- (a) On behalf of the city, Hon. Selmyler Colfax.
mayor city of South Bend. ()) On behalf of the schools, Hon. John B. Stoll, president South Bend board of education.
Response-Supt. J. W. Carr, Anderson. Ind. Address of Retiring President-Snpt. J. W. Hamilton, Monticello, Ind. President's Inaugural Address-Supt. A. H. Douglass, Logansport, Ind. Music.
Miscellaneous business and announcements.
Appointment of committees. Adjournment.
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EDUCATION IN INDIANA.
Thursday, April 3. 8 p. m.
Illustrated Lecture-"Physical History of a World," Mr. Jacques W. Redway.
Music.
Announcements and adjournment.
Friday, April 4, 9 a. m.
Music.
Invocation.
Music.
Address-"Some Traditions and Common Errors in Geography." Mr. Jacques Redway.
Intermission.
Physical culture drill by pupils from South Bend.
Address-"Education and Democracy," Mr. Charles Zneblin.
Report of committee on division. Committee: T. A. Mott. Richmond; W. R. Snyder. Muncie; W. C. Bellman. Hammond: J. N. Study. Ft. Wayne; C. W. Benton, Indianapolis: W. A. Millis. Crawfordsville: B. F. Moore, Marion; Wm. Clem, South Bend.
Announcements and adjournment.
IN THE AUDITORIUM.
Friday Evening. April 4. 8 o'clock.
Music.
Lecture-"American Painters and Sculptors of Today." Mr. Lorado Taft With this lecture are exhibited 120 beautiful illustrations of repre- sentative works of American painters and sculptors.
Announcements and adjournment.
IN THE AUDITORIUM ANNEX.
Music.
Lecture-"Public Schools," illustrated by stereopticon, by Mr. Charles Zneblin.
This lecture gives views of school equipments, decorations, and classes at work in kindergarten, nature study. manual training, domestic science, vacation schools, commercial work, recreations and athletics.
Announcements and adjournment.
Saturday Morning, April 5. 9 o'clock.
Music. Invocation. Music.
Address-"Rivers and the Lessons They Teach," Mr. Jacques W. Redway. Music.
Address-"Social Organization," Mr. Charles Zueblin. Reports of committees and election of officers. Miscellaneous and adjournment.
10-EDUCATION.
146
EDUCATION IN INDIANA.
SECTIONAL MEETINGS.
GRADE TEACHERS' SECTION-FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.
Friday Afternoon, April 4, 2 o'clock.
Address "Culture." Mr. Charles Zueblin.
Music.
Address-"Essentials in Primary Geography," Mr. Jacques W. Redway. Election of officers and miscellaneous business.
0. 1. WOOLEY. Ft. Wayne, President.
J. II. WHITELY. Greenfield. Secretary.
HIGH SCHOOL SECTION-FIRST METHODIST CHURCH.
Friday, April 4, 2 p. m.
Music.
Appointment of committees.
Address-"Some Tendencies in Secondary Education." George H. Locke, A. M., assistant professor of education Chicago university, and editor of School Review.
Music.
"Status of Physical Culture in Secondary Schools." I. N. Warren, Laporte, Ind.
Paper-J. B. Pearcy. Anderson, Ind.
Miscellaneous business and election of officers.
Immediately upon the conclusion of the above program the section will take up a round table discussion of such topics as may be presented by its members.
J. Z. A. MeCAUGHN, President. Kokomo, Ind. S. C. HANSON. Ch. Ex. Com .. Williamsport, Ind. CATHARINE BLYNN, Ft. Wayne, lud.
ART SECTION-STUDEBAKER AUDITORIUM.
Friday, April 4. 2 p. m.
Music.
Lecture-"A Glimpse of a Sculptor's Studio," or "How Statues Are Made." Mr. Lorado Taťt.
This lecture is illustrated fully at each step by the actual process upon the stage.
Election of officers and miscellaneous business.
Announcements and adjournment.
There will be exhibited at the Central high school building a collection of drawings from the public schools of various towns and cities in northern Indiana. There will also be an exhibit of class work from the Chicago art institute.
EVELYN K. DECEW. Pres., Huntington, Ind. JOSEPH SULLIVAN, Sec., Connersville, Ind.
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EDUCATION IN INDIANA.
COUNTRY AND VILLAGE SECTION-FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH.
Friday, April 4, 2 p. m.
Music.
"Uses and Abuses of Texts." Mr. B. A. Winnans, Berne. Ind.
Address-"Nature Study in Country Schools," Supt. W. H. Hershman, ITammond, Ind.
Paper-"Rewards as a Disciplinary Measure," Supt. W. S. Gibbons, Ful ton county. Ind.
Music.
Paper-"Religious Worship in Public Schools," Mr. Carl Beard, Oakford, Ind.
Report of committees and election of officers.
Announcements and adjournment.
The executive committee invites general discussion on each topic.
ELBERT LANGLEY, President, Center, Ind. SUPT. GEO. W. WORLEY. Ch. Ex. Com., Warsaw. MARIE KELLY, Secretary, Muncie. Ind.
MUSIC SECTION-LECTURE ROOM FIRST METHODIST CHURCH.
Friday, April 4, 2 p. m.
Music.
Appointment of committees and miscellaneous business.
Paper-"Is it Practical to Make Independent Readers of Children in the
First Four Years of School?" Win. Niles. Ft. Wayne.
Discussion-Dessa Kilander, Winamac.
Music.
Report of committees and election of officers.
On the completion of the above program the section will take up the following:
Questions for Round Table Discussion.
1. How much general culture outside his immediate specialty should the director in music have? How much special training?
2. Should the director of music. any more than the regular teacher. be absent from meetings when matters of method and discipline are under consideration ?
3. When parents and the director of music disagree as to what part the child should sing. what is the proper course to pursue?
4. Should the room teacher be allowed to employ a teacher to instruct her pupils in music ?
5. What is to be done with a pupil who absolutely can not sing, if there be such ?
6. The rhythmic element and its development in child-life.
7. Cause and cures for singing "off pitch."
S. Should patriotic songs be sung while pupils are seated ?
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EDUCATION IN INDIANA.
9. A practical lesson on some music problems suggested by members of the musie section.
Note .- Supervisors are invited to write and to hand the president of the music section the problem they wish to have demonstrated and choice will be made from the suggestions offered.
L. M. TILSON, President, Lebanon. WILL EARHART, Ch. Ex. Com .. Richmond.
HEADQUARTERS-AUDITORIUM ANNEX, 207 SOUTH MICHIGAN STREET.
The annex will be open at all hours to all members of the association and their friends. Make this your downtown home during the association.
Offices: Room 1, treasurer; Room 2, executive committee; Room 3. local committee.
Baggage will be checked at the office of the local committee, where porters and guides will be in waiting.
OFFICERS.
President-A. H. Douglas, Logansport.
Vice-President-Alexander Thompson, Marion.
Secretary-Miss Margaret Porch. Anderson.
Treasurer-W. A. Mills, Crawfordsville.
R. R. Secretary-T. A. Mott, Richmond.
Chairman Business Committee-Calvin Moon, South Bend. President Grade Section-O. S. Wooley. Ft. Wayne.
President High School Section-J. Z. A. McCaughu. Kokomo.
President County and Village Section-Elbert Langley. Center.
President Music Section-L. M. Tilson, Lebanon.
President Art Section-Miss Evelyn DeCew, Huntington.
President Penmanship Section-J. H. Bachtenkircher, Lafayette.
Executive committee-John A. Wood, chairman. Laporte; H. C. Hei- ronimus. Richmond: T. E. Kinzie, Indianapolis; W. E. Ervin, Muneie: Daniel Freeman, Crawfordsville: Edward Ayres, Lafayette; L. T. Turpin, Kokomo; D. A. Lambright, Kendallville; Walter Dunn, Knox.
Local business committee-William Clem. South Bend; Charles H. Bartlett, South Bend; John H. Rittinger. New Carlisle: Essie B. Dakin. South Bend; Sarah E. Kirby, South Bend; Ludwig S. Fickenscher, River Park; Alice E. Hill, South Bend; John A. Byers, South Bend; Winona Dodd, South Bend: Calvin Moon, Chairman, South Bend.
4. CITY AND TOWN SUPERINTENDENTS' ASSOCIATION.
a. HISTORICAL SKETCH, BY SUPT. R. A. OGG, KOKOMO, IND.
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