USA > Missouri > St Louis County > St Louis City > Education in Indiana. An outline of the growth of the common school system, together with statements relating to the condition of secondary and higher education in the state and a brief history of the educational exhibit. Prepared for the Louisiana purchase exposition, held at Saint Louis, May 1 to November 30, 1904 > Part 38
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team that has the proud record of being the only team in the west that has never been scored on; a baseball team that is one of the best in the country; a track squad that bids fair to win the championship honors of the state this spring.
Class and hall smokers are almost weekly events. "Stag dances" are very frequent. South Bend's society is always represented at intercollegiate and oratorical contests, the student plays and entertainments, and at the football and baseball games. But the biggest society event of the scholastic year is the senior prom., which is held in the gymnasium on Easter Monday night. The affair is very elaborate and formal, and the most exclusive event of the students. Commencement week is a continuous round of festivities.
Such is Notre Dame with its natural attractiveness, its sylvan retreats, its stately buildings, its pleasant grounds, its thorough and varied courses, its many and competent instructors, its ever increasing number of students. True, she had become one of the fairest of all those beautiful gardens planted by our fathers in the western wilderness; she had come to take her rank at the head of the Catholic universities of our country.
c. BUTLER UNIVERSITY-IRVINGTON.
Northwestern Christian (later Butler) university was incorpo- rated by act of the legislature of Indiana, January 15, 1850.
The object and purposes contemplated by this act of incorpo- ration are declared to be to establish, found and build up, main- tain, sustain and perpetuate, through the instrumentality of said company, at, or in the vicinity of Indianapolis, in the state of Indiana, an institution of learning of the highest class, for the education of the youth of all parts of the United States and especially the states of the northwest; to establish in such insti- tution departments or colleges for instructing students in every branch of liberal and professional education ; to educate and pre- pare suitable teachers for the common schools of the country; to teach and inculcate the Christian faith and Christian morality as taught in the sacred scriptures, discarding as uninspired and without authority all writings, formulas, creeds and articles of faith subsequent thereto; and for the promotion of the sciences and arts.
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The affairs and business of the institution by provision of the charter are placed under the control and management of a board of twenty-one directors, elected by the stockholders every third year. At the election of directors, and on all other occasions where a vote of the stockholders is taken each stockholder is al- lowed one vote for each share owned by him.
The directors, chosen as above stated, choose one of their own body as president, and may choose either from their own members or other stockholders a treasurer, secretary and such other servants and agents of the board as to them seem necessary and proper.
The board elected for the current term (July '03-July '06) is as follows: Addison F. Armstrong, Alembert W. Brayton, Urban C. Brewer, Hilton U. Brown, Howard Cale, Fred C. Gardner, Frank F. Hummel, Winifred E. Garrison, Joseph I. Irwin, Pat- rick HI. Jameson, F. Rollin Kautz, Thomas H. Kuhn, W. Scott Moffett, Charles W. Moores, Louis J. Morgan, William Mullen- dore, Marshall T. Reeves, Allan B. Philputt, Albion W. Small, Charles F. Smith, John Thompson.
Officers of the board: Hilton U. Brown, president; Chauncy Butler, secretary ; Fred C. Gardner, treasurer.
Change of Name of Institution .- The following resolution was adopted by the board of directors, February 22, 1877:
Resolved, That under and by virtue of an act of the general assembly of the state of Indiana, entitled "an act to authorize a change of name of certain educational institutions organized under any special charter in this state, and declaring an emergency," approved March 9, 1875, and pub- lished in the acts of the general assembly of said state for the regular session thereof, page 166, the corporate name of this corporation be, and the same is hereby changed from "The Northwestern Christian univer- sity" to be from and after this date "Butler university;" and that by such name and style of "Butler university" it shall continue to hold and possess any and all rights, honors, franchises, immunities, exemptions, estates, and interests, real. personal. and mixed, of any and all kinds held and possessed in any manner by this corporation under its name of the North- western Christian university.
During recent years the faculty has consisted of about twenty members, representing the following departments of instruction : (1) Latin language and literature, (2) Greek language and lit- erature, (3) Germanic languages, (4) biology and geology, (5) . sociology and economies, (6) chemistry and physics, (7) homi-
-
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letics and pastoral theology, (8) English literature, (9) history, (10) philosophy and education, (11) romance languages, (12) mathematics, (13) physical culture.
The average annual enrollment of students during the past five years has been something over three hundred.
The institution is supported for the most part on proceeds of endowment fund, which is invested in real estate mortgages. About $5,000 per year also is derived from tuition fees of stu- dents.
d. TAYLOR UNIVERSITY-FORT WAYNE.
Taylor university was founded at Ft. Wayne in 1846 and was known as the Ft. Wayne female college. In 1852 it became a coeducational school. In 1890 it assumed its present name. In 1892, July 31, it was rechartered and began operations at Upland, Indiana. Its charter states that it shall be "maintained forever on the plan most suitable for the youths of every class of citizens and of every religions denomination, who shall be admitted freely without discrimination to equal advantages and privileges of education and to all the literary honors in all de- partments of said university according to their merits under the rules and regulations of the board of trustees." It is con- trolled by a board of trustees consisting of twenty-one persons, who are elected by the national local preachers association of the Methodist Episcopal church. They are chosen annually in three classes, and hold office three years. It has thirteen mem- bers in its faculty and has six other instructors. Its present en- rollment is 196. Its equipment is a campus of ten acres, on which stands the main building, called the H. Marie Wright hall, an elegant three-story building of brick with additional story in mansard roof with towers. This building contains chapel, recitation rooms, society room, reading room, library and chem- ical laboratory. It has a good library, the gift of Geo. W. Mooney, D. D., of New York city. On the campus south of the literary hall is an observatory, containing a ten and one-fourth-inch re- flector telescope, made by Lohmann Brothers, Greenville, Ohio. . It is one of the few large instruments in the state, and perhaps the largest of its kind. On the campus north of the literary
35-EDUCATION.
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hall is a new Sickler dormitory for men, a fine brick building. North of the campus the university owns a boarding hall, three frame dormitories and eleven cottages, all occupied by students. It also has an industrial printing and manufacturing plant, on a somewhat small but growing scale. The institution has no invested funds from which to draw its support; but is dependent upon its income from tuition, whatever it may be able to make in the boarding hall and from room rent, and then upon the gifts of the friends of Christian education throughout the land. It is hoping for larger gifts which will enable it to erect needed buildings and create an invested fund for the payment of current expenses. Taylor university has seven departments-the college of liberal arts, with four full four-year courses of study ; the acad- emy, which prepares for the college ; the school of theology, school of music, school of oratory, normal school and the business de- partment. The work of Taylor university is somewhat unique. It maintains the highest standard of intellectual culture, and is not afraid to be compared with any other similar institution in this respect. It magnifies the moral and religious side of edu- cation. Most of its students are earnest Christians and are aiming at the highest things in spiritual culture. From the start Taylor university has stood out against intercollegiate athletics, while it tolerates and favors reasonable athletics and gymnastic exercises in the university. Football it outlaws, regarding it as a relie of barbaric brutality. It has no doubt that all other educational institutions will ere long assume the same attitude. In another respect Taylor university stands somewhat by itself- its rates are very low.
c. HANOVER COLLEGE-HANOVER.
In response to a request made by the presbytery of Salem, which then embraced a large part of Indiana and Illinois, Rev. John Finley Crowe opened the Hanover academy, January 1st, 1827, in a log cabin, near where the Presbyterian church of Han- over now stands. On the 30th of December, 1828, the legislature of Indiana passed an act incorporating Hanover academy. In 1829 this academy was adopted by the synod of Indiana as a synodical school.
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One of the conditions on which the synod adopted the academy was that a theological department should be opened in connection with it. This condition was promptly met, and this theological department was continued until 1840, when it was removed to New Albany as a separate institution. Thence, still later, it was again removed to Chicago, where it was first known as the Presbyterian theological seminary of the northwest. More re- cently it has taken the name of the McCormick theological sem- inary.
In 1833, by an act of the legislature, the institution at Hanover was incorporated as Hanover college. A brief period of great prosperity, especially as to the attendance of students, followed under what was then known as the manual labor system; but here, as elsewhere, the experiment ended in debt and allied trou- bles. In 1837, while the college was struggling with these diffi- culties, a tornado destroyed the' principal building; but by the heroic efforts of friends it emerged out of these adversities, though in an enfeebled condition for some years.
In 1843 the board of trustees undertook to surrender the char- ter to the legislature, in return for the charter of a university at Madison; but this was earnestly resisted by others, and the struggle ended in the restoration of the college at Hanover under a new and very liberal charter. This, as also the present charter, makes it impossible to alienate the college from the control of the synod of Indiana of the Presbyterian church; while it pro- vides a way in which the synod is free to leave the ordinary man- agement of the college to a board that is partly chosen without the synod's immediate action. For instance, at present, the synod annually fills only two of the vacancies by a direct election. The rest of the board are left to be chosen by the board, one of them each year being a nominee of the alumni association.
The officers of the board consist of a president, vice-president, secretary, auditor and treasurer, chosen annually in the meeting of the board.
According to the most recent catalogue the faculty and teaching force numbers thirteen. The total number of graduates is now almost nine hundred. It is estimated that as many as four thou- sand students have been in attendance at Hanover during the period of its existence. At present the average yearly attendance
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is about one hundred and fifty. It is expected that better rail- road facilities, which now seem assured, will increase the attend- ance. A summer school also is to be opened this year.
The college is very well equipped with buildings. Altogether there are now twelve. The principal are classic hall, science hall and the new Thomas A. Hendricks library. These are worthy of a place on any campus.
The college is supported mainly from endowment. For many years it has charged no tuition proper, and has limited itself to very small fees for contingent, library and gymnasium pur- poses. It is estimated that the buildings and endowments to- gether in value aggregate not less than $400,000.
f. WABASH COLLEGE-CRAWFORDSVILLE.
Wabash college was founded at Crawfordsville, Indiana, No- vember 22, 1832, by Rev. James Thomson, Rev. John Thomson, Rev. James A. Carnehan, Rev. Edmund O. Hovey, Rev. John M. Ellis, Messrs. John Gilliland, Hezekiah Robins and John McConnel. The site was donated by Williamson Dunn, of Craw- fordsville, Indiana.
A substantial frame building fifty feet square, two stories in height, containing eight rooms, was completed December, 1833, and the first school was begun under the direction of Rev. Caleb Mills.
September, 1834, the faculty included Rev. Elihu W. Baldwin, president (elect) ; Caleb Mills, professor of ancient and modern languages ; John S. Thomson, professor of mathematics and nat- ural philosophy ; Edmund O. Hovey, professor of natural science. In 1835 the site of the college was removed from the romantic bluffs of Sugar creek to its present location in the center of Crawfordsville. The campus contains thirty-two acres.
South hall, a four-story brick building, 50 by 100 feet, was begun in 1835 and was burned September 23, 1838. It was rebuilt in 1839.
President Baldwin was inaugurated July 13, 1836, and died October 15, 1840. Succeeding presidents of the college have been the following:
Rev. Charles White, D. D., 1842-1861.
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Rev. Joseph F. Tuttle, D. D., 1862-1892.
Rev. Geo. S. Burrows, D. D., 1892-1899.
Rev. William P. Kane, D. D., 1899-
The purpose of the founders of Wabash college was to create an institution for higher education, which should be Christian in spirit and yet not under denominational direction.
It was also to be independent of state assistance or control. It has achieved its present success entirely through the generous efforts of private citizens.
By the provision of the charter, granted by the legislature of Indiana, January 15, 1834, and subsequent amendments, the affairs of the college are managed by a board of trustees which has perpetual succession. The board is divided into four classes and each class serves four years, one class being chosen each" year. One member of each class is elected each year by the alumni and the others by the board itself. The present (1904) officers and members of the board of trustees and the date of their first election are as follows :
Rev. Wm. P. Kane, D. D., president, 1892.
Prof. John L. Campbell, secretary, 1855.
Hon. Theodore H. Ristine, treasurer, 1891.
Hon. D. P. Baldwin, LL. D., 1878.
Hon. Thos. R. Paxton, LL. B., 1883.
Hon. Theodore H. Ristine, M. A., 1883.
Hon. Albert D. Thomas, M. A., 1833. Mr. James L. Orr, M. A., 1885. Hon. Robert S. Taylor, M. A., 1877. Rev. Matthias L. Haines, D. D., 1890. Rev. William P. Kane, D. D., 1890. Mr. Orpheus M. Gregg, M. A., 1892. Hon. Charles B. Landis, M. A., 1893. Mr. Edward Daniels, M. A., 1895.
Rev. Geo. I. Mackintosh, D. D., 1897. Mr. Benjamin Crane, M. A., 1898. Hon. S. Carey Stimson, M. A., 1900. Mr. Harry J. Milligan, M. A., 1902. Mr. George W. Hall, M. A., M. D., 1903. Mr. Finley P. Mount, M. A., 1903.
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EDUCATION IN INDIANA.
The college buildings were erected in the following years : South hall, 1838; center hall, 1855; Peck scientific hall, 1878; steam heating plant, 1878; Yandes library hall, 1891; south hall (remodeled), 1899.
The college library contains forty thousand volumes. The mu- seum contains many thousands of specimens for the study of mineralogy, paleontology, zoology and botany. The departments of chemistry, physics, botany and biology are fully equipped for laboratory work.
The expenses of the college are met chiefly from the endow- ments of the different professorships named in the catalogue, to- gether with small tuition and laboratory fees.
The approximate number of professors and teachers who have been connected with the college from 1833 to 1903 is seventy ; the number of graduates, one thousand, and the total number of students, five thousand. The number in attendance at present is two hundred and fifty.
The present faculty includes the following:
William Patterson Kane, D. D., LL. D., president.
John Lyle Campbell, LL. D., Williams professor of astronomy.
Henry Zwingli MeLain, Ph. D., Lafayette professor of the Greek language and literature; secretary of the faculty.
Arthur Bartlett Milford, M. A., Yandes professor of the Eng- lish language and literature.
James Harvey Osborne, M. A., associate professor of Latin and mathematics.
Robert Augustus King, M. A., professor of the German and French languages and literature.
Hugh MeMaster Kingery, Ph. D., Thomson professor of the Latin language and literature.
Mason Blanchard Thomas, B. S., Rose professor of biology ; curator of the museum.
Charles Augustus Tuttle, Ph. D., professor of history, polit- ical economy and political science.
Donaldson Bodine, Sc. D., professor of geology and zoology.
Daniel Dickey Hains, M. A., associate professor of languages ; instructor in physical culture.
Jasper Asaph Cragwall, M. S., professor of mathematics.
James Bert Garner, Ph. D., Peck professor of chemistry.
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Norton Adams Kent, Ph. D., professor of physics.
Harry Stringham Wedding, B. S., librarian.
Daniel Pratt Baldwin, LL. D., special lecturer in literature. Edward Daniels, M. A., special lecturer in jurisprudence.
Rev. George Lewes Mackintosh, D. D., special lecturer in the English Bible.
For catalogues and further information apply to the president of Wabash college, Crawfordsville, Indiana.
g. EARLHAM COLLEGE-RICHMOND.
Earlham college, located at Richmond, Indiana, is the out- growth of the educational enterprise which characterized the pio- neer settlers in Indiana and Ohio. It was projected as early as 1837, and was opened for students of both sexes without any restrictions or reservations in 1847, and was maintained as a boarding school of advanced grade until 1859, when it was organized as Earlham college.
The constitution provided for a corporation to be known by the corporate name and style of "Earlham college," the objects and purposes of which are, and shall be, to establish and main- tain at, or near, the said city of Richmond, Indiana, an insti- tution of learning "to be known by the name and style of Earl- ham college, to be constituted according to the general plan ob- taining amongst colleges in the United States, with such classes and departments, such faculty of professors and instructors, and with power to pursue such courses of studies, hold such exam- inations, and confer such degrees and honors, as the board of trustees shall from time to time determine."
The board of trustees consists of thirteen members, who shall be members of the Friends' church, six of whom shall be ap- pointed by and from Indiana yearly meeting, and six by and from Western yearly meeting; and the president of the college is a member of the board, ex-officio.
The college faculty consists of 17 members, and courses of study are offered in Latin, Greek, German, French, Spanish, Anglo-Saxon, English language, English literature, history, eco- nomics, psychology, philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, civil en- gineering, physics, chemistry, biology, geology, biblical literature,
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and interpretation, elocution and oratory, and a five years' course in music.
Earlham college enjoys the distinction not only of being one of the first coeducational institutions in America but of having been one of the foremost among educational institutions in the west in the promotion of advanced practical instruction in science. In 1853 it made the first beginning in Indiana toward a permanent collection of material in natural history for purposes of college in- struction. Its present museum is the outgrowth of that beginning. About this time the first astronomical observatory in the state was established upon the campus. Here also was equipped the first chemical laboratory for the use of college students in Indiana.
- The Material Equipment of the College .- The college build- ings, five in number, occupy a commanding site overlooking the romantic valley of the Whitewater river and the city of Rich- mond .*
The campus of forty acres is one of unusual attractiveness, delightfully shaded by native forest trees and tastefully laid out in walks and drives.
Lindley hall is a substantial three-story brick and stone struc- ture of modern design, 174x150 feet. It contains the office of the president, faculty room, auditorium, museum, library, bio- logical, physical and psychological laboratories, society halls and fifteen large class rooms.
Parry hall is built of brick and stone, two stories in height. It is devoted exclusively to the department of chemistry.
Earlham hall is devoted exclusively to the boarding department of the college. It is a four-story brick building with a frontage of 190 feet, with an L at each end. Earlham hall has comfortable accomodations for 140 students.
The astronomical observatory is a brick building 38x16 feet. It has a movable doine and is furnished with good apparatus for the practical study of astronomy.
The gymnasium is a well-built wooden structure, with stone foundations, 60x40 ft.
The buildings of Earlham college are heated by steam and ·lighted by gas and electricity.
Laboratories .- The chemical laboratory occupies the entire sec- ond floor of Parry hall, and is thoroughly equipped to accommo-
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date 44 students working at one time. The biological laboratory occupies four rooms on the third floor of Lindley hall, and is ad- mirably adapted for the use intended. The physical laboratory occupies three rooms on the first and basement floors of Lindley hall. The psychological laboratory occupies rooms on the second floor of Lindley hall, and is well equipped with apparatus for the study of physiological psychology.
The Libraries .- The libraries accessible to students of Earlham college aggregate about 40,000 volumes. The Earlham college library contains, altogether, over 10,000 volumes, not including a large collection of pamphlets and unbound periodicals. The Ionian library contains 1,600 volumes, and the Phoenix library 1,000 volumes. Of departmental libraries there are seven.
In addition to these facilities at the college, the college partici- pates in the free use of all the enlarged and additional resources of the Morrisson-Reeves library, of Richmond, which contains over 30,000 volumes.
The Museum .- The museum occupies one room 60x70 feet, with large galleries on three sides, and one room 15x20 feet. The total floor space is 6,000 square feet. It is furnished with 90 large cases for the display of specimens. The most important acquisi- tions of the museum are: (1) Mounted skeleton of mastodon (Mastodon americanus), height 11 feet 2 inches, length, including forward curve of tusks, 20 feet 2 inches ; (2) mounted skeleton of gigantic fossil beaver (castoroides ohioensis), height 1 foot 8₴ inches, length, 5 feet 33 inches; (3) over 25,000 specimens- paleontology, mineralogy, biology, archæology.
The total enrollment of students for the year 1902-'03 was 320, representing 11 states, and it is to be borne in mind that these were college students, as the preparatory department was abolished in 1901.
Degrees were first awarded in 1862, and since that time 628 degrees have been conferred, 374 upon men, and 254 upon women.
Last year 54 graduates of Earlham college were pursuing ad- vanced studies in universities, colleges and professional and tech- nical schools, and more than 75 graduates are at present holding advanced educational positions in normal schools, colleges, uni- versities, and scientific work.
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The college is supported by tuition fees and the proceeds of various productive endowment funds amounting to $250,000; and the value of the material equipment of the college is estimated at $250,000.
h. FRANKLIN COLLEGE-FRANKLIN.
The first meeting looking toward the establishment of the institution was held June 5, 1834. It received a charter from the state in 1844. But in 1872 the college suspended instruction, the board of directors disbanded, and the property was taken to satisfy the demands of the creditors. In less than six months, however, the citizens of Franklin and their friends raised $50,000 and a new organization was effected. The name of the new corporation is Association of Franklin college, and it was formed under an act entitled "an act concerning the organization and perpetuity of voluntary associations." The act was approved by the general assembly of Indiana February 25, 1867. The college doors were opened again in September, 1872.
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