USA > Missouri > St Louis County > St Louis City > Education in Indiana. An outline of the growth of the common school system, together with statements relating to the condition of secondary and higher education in the state and a brief history of the educational exhibit. Prepared for the Louisiana purchase exposition, held at Saint Louis, May 1 to November 30, 1904 > Part 31
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W. C. Brandenburg. B.S., from Westfield College, Westfield, Ill .; spent 4 years in work.
L. M. Barker, undergraduate in Indiana University; spent 334 years in work.
O. E. McDowell, undergraduate in Butler University.
Loyola MacComas, undergraduate in Indiana University.
Enrollment in high school. 60
Total enrollment in grades and high school. 371
Number of girls graduated last year (1903). 9
Number of boys graduated last year (1903) 6
Number in this class that went to college.
7
Number of graduates since school was organized. 37
Number of these who have attended college. 15
VEVAY HIGH . SCHOOL.
Ernest Danglade, Superintendent.
Organized, 1863. Commissioned, 1902.
Superintendents, with dates of service:
W. O. Wyant. 1863-1865
John P. Rous. . 1865-1866
Hamilton S. MeRae. 1866-1867
R. F. Brewington. 1867-1871
M. A. Barnett. 1871-1872
A. O. Renbelt. 1872-1873
P. T. Hartford 1873-1881
T. G. Alford. 1881-1884
A. Hildebrand. .1884-1886
Wm. R. J. Stratford. 1887-1891
A. 1 .. Trafelet. 1891-1900
Ernest Danglade. 1900-1904
Principals and assistants:
Julia L. Knox.
Grace Stepleton.
Hannah Waldenmaier.
High school teachers and subjects they teach:
Inlia L. Knox, Literature.
Grace Stepleton, History.
Hannah Waldenmaier, German.
Average yearly salary of high school teachers, including superintendent, $546.0633.
EDUCATION IN INDIANA.
Training of teachers;
Ernest Danglade. B.S., Buchtel College. Julia J. Knox, undergraduate Indiana University. Grace Stapleton, undergraduate Indiana University. Enrollment in high school. 70
Total enrollment in grades and high school. 330
Number of girls graduated last year (1903) .. 7
Number of boys graduated last year (1903) 5
Number in this class that went to college
4
Number of graduates since school was organized 392
Number of these who have attended college
65
VINCENNES HIGH SCHOOL. A. E. Humke. Superintendent.
Organized, IST1. Commissioned. -.
Superintendents, with dates of service:
A. W. Jones. 1871-1873
T. J. Charleton .. . 1873-1880
R. A. Townsend. .1880-1882
Edward Taylor. . 1882-1891
Albert Edward Humke 1891-1904 Principals and assistants:
R. A. Townsend.
Annabel Fleming Mcclure.
Phihier Day.
A. C. Yoder.
O. P Foreman.
C. I. Morris.
High school teachers and subjects they teach:
(. E. Morris, English.
O. F. Fidlar. Science. 1
Etlie A. Patoe, German.
Edith Ravenscroft, Latin.
J. C. Stratton, Mathematics. C'ora A. Snyder, History.
Katherine Foley, common school branches.
Albert Price, assistant in Science. Rosa Rush, assistant in English. Average yearly salary of high school teachers, including superintendent, $750.
Training of teachers:
(. E. Morris, graduate of Indiana State Normal School and Indiana University.
O. F. Fidlar, graduate of Indiana State Normal School. Albert Price, graduate of Indiana State Normal School. Rosa Rush, graduate of Indiana State Normal School. Ellio A. Patee, graduate of DePauw University. Edith Ravenscroft, graduate of DePauw University.
453
EDUCATION IN INDIANA.
J. C. Stratton, graduate of Indiana University.
Cora A. Snyder, graduate of Indiana University.
Katherine Foley, graduate of Ferris Institute.
Enrollment in high school. 220
Total enrollment in grades and high school 2,086
Number of girls graduated last year (1903). 17
Number of boys graduated last year (1903). 6
Number in this class that went to college.
Number of graduates since school was organized. 328
Number of these who have attended college 75
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VINCENNES HIGH SCHOOL.
454
EDUCATION IN INDIANA.
WABASH HIGH SCHOOL. Adelaide S. Baylor, Superintendent.
Organized. IS69. Commissioned, 1885.
Superintendents, with dates of service:
Pleasant Bond. 1869-1871
.J. J. Mills 1871-1873
I. F. Mills. . Spring term of 1873
D. W. Thomas 1873-1886
M. W. Harrison. 1886-1903
Adelaide S. Baylor 1903-1904
Principals and assistants:
Principals-
.1. 1. Mills.
I. F. Mills.
Levi Beers.
Mary Byrd.
Miss Willets.
Lizzie Horney.
A. M. Huycke.
Adelaide S. Baylor.
Cyrus W. Knouff.
AAssistants-
Adelaide Baylor.
Anna Rnell,
Aymez Pettit.
Grace MeHenry.
Emma Bam.
Bettine Amoss.
Ella Maybach.
Minnie Flinn.
Walter Bent.
Olive Poucher. Jane Pettit.
George Hoke.
Olive Beroth. Alice Robson.
Miss Heine. T. A. Hanson.
Hazel Harter. Clara Haas.
Florence Ross.
Alice Carey,
Anna Carey. Walter Greeson.
Jessie Thompson.
Estella Moore.
Herman Fischer.
Beatrice Haskins. Emuma Barnette.
EDUCATION IN INDIANA.
455
Mary Sullivan. Edna Munson. Maud Anthony.
High school teachers and subjects they teach:
Cyrus W. Knouff, History.
Estella Moore, History.
Walter Greeson, Physics and Chemistry.
Edna Munson, German.
Emma Barnette, Latin.
Herman Fischer, Mathematics.
Mand Anthony, Biology. Alice Carey, English.
Beatrice Haskins, English.
Mary Sullivan, Commercial Department.
Minnie Laver, Free Hand and Mechanical Drawing. Cora Small, Music.
.
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FRN.
WABASH HIGH SCHOOL.
456
EDUCATION IN INDIANA.
Average yearly salary of high school teachers, including superintendent, $714.55.
Training of teachers:
Cyrus W. Knowif. A. B., Lake Forest.
Estella Moore, undergraduate University of Chicago.
Waiter Greeson, B. S., Purdue University.
Edna Munson. A. B., Oxford, Ohio.
Maud Anthony, M. A., Lake Forest.
Mary Sulhvan, undergraduate Business Colleges of Detroit and li- dianapolis.
Beatrice Haskins. A. B., University of Michigan.
Alice Carey, A. B., Oberlin.
Emma Barnette. A. B., Ofterbein.
Herman Fischer, A. B., Wheaton.
Minnie Laver, graduate of Art Institute, Chicago.
Cora Small, undergraduate, Oxford, Ohio. Has studied in several schools of music. 310
Enrollment in high school.
Total enrollment in grades and high school. 2,005
Number of girls graduated last year (1903). 32
Number of boys graduated last year (1903). 10
Number in this class who went to college. 7
Number of graduates since school was organized. 531
Number of these who have affended college 135
EDUCATION IN INDIANA.
457
WARSAW HIGH SCHOOL.
158
EDUCATION IN INDIANA.
WALKERTON HIGH SCHOOL. A. E. Clawson, Superintendent.
Organized, 1884. Commissioned, 1901.
Superintendents, with dates of service:
I. C. Hamilton. A. E. Clawson.
1901-1902
1903-1904
Principals and assistants:
J. A. Jones.
A. E. Rowell.
A. H. Barber.
John Bear.
S. C. Urey.
A. E. Jones.
William Clem.
.I. W. Rittenger.
B. S. Steele.
A. S. Whitmer.
Elmer McKessen.
O. V. Wolfe.
High school teachers and subjects they teach:
A. E. Clawson, Physics, Botany, Zoology, Algebra, Geometry, Trig- onometry.
O. V. Wolfe, Rhetoric and Composition, American and English Lit- erature, Ancient, Mediaval and Modern History, Latin (beginning Cæsar), Cicero, Virgil.
Average yearly salary of high school teachers, including superintendent, $520.
Training of teachers:
A. E. Clawson, A. B., from Indiana University.
O. V. Wolfe, undergraduate of Valparaiso College, five terms.
Kate Togarty, graduate of home schools.
Edna Vincent, graduate of home schools.
Mrs. Lizzie Townsend, graduate of Plymouth High School; kinder- garten work in Chicago.
Enrollment in high school.
Total enrollment in grades and high school. 240
Number of girls graduated last year (1903).
Number of boys graduated last year (1903).
Number in this class that went to college. None
Number of graduates since school was organized. 60
Number of these who have attended college 15
459
EDUCATION IN İNDİANA.
WASHINGTON HIGH SCHOOL.
W. F. Axtell, Superintendent.
Organized, 1876. Commissioned, 1898.
Superintendents, with dates of service:
Mr. Cole.
D. E. Hunter 1876-1885
W. F. Hoffman 1885-1894 W. F. Axtell. 1894-1904 Principals and assistants: A. O. Fulkerson. Jos. L. Wallace.
C. F. Maxwell.
High school teachers and subjects they teach: Hamlet Allen, Geometry.
H. R. Gers, Chemistry and German.
H. C. Wadsworth, Biology.
Sue H. Reece, Latin.
J. M. Vance, English.
C. G. Liebhardt, Algebra and History. J. M. Black, Music.
Average yearly salary of high school teachers, including superintendent, $862.50.
Training of teachers:
W. F. Axtell. A. B., Indiana University; student Chicago University.
H. Allen, undergraduate of Franklin College.
H. Wadsworth. B. S., Indiana University.
II. R. Gers, B. S., Indiana University.
J. M. Vance, undergraduate Indiana University.
C. G. Liebhardt, undergraduate Indiana University. Sue H. Reece, A.B., Indiana University.
J. M. Black, Music. . Enrollment in high school. 162
Total enrollment in grades and high school. 1,600
Number of girls graduated last year (1903) 15
Number of boys graduated last year (1903). 9
Number in this class that went to college. 3
Number of gradnates since school was organized. 300
Number of these who have attended college 75
WATERLOO HIGH SCHOOL.
W. S. Almond, Superintendent.
Organized. 1865. Commissioned, 1887. Superintendents:
M. M. Harrison.
L. B. Griffin.
H. H. Keep.
M. D. Smith.
EDUCATION IN INDIANA.
Principals and assistants:
HI. M. Coc. Mr. Ringwalt. M. B. Smith. Mary I. Lopper.
High school teachers and subjects they teach:
Mary L. Lopper, Mathematics, Latin, Bookkeeping, English. W. S. Almond, Science, History, Civics, English. Average yearly salary of high school teachers, including superintendent, 5750. Training of teachers:
Two, normal school; one. Butler; one, Mrs. Blaker's kindergarten; one, Ann Arbor; one, high school.
Enrollment in high school.
Total enrollment in grades and high school. 275
Number of girls graduated last year (1903).
Number of boys graduated last year (1903).
3
Number in this class that went to college. . None
Number of graduates since school was organized. No record
Number of these who have attended college. . No data
WAVELAND HIGH SCHOOL. Rupert Simpkins, Superintendent.
Organized, 1881. Commissioned, 1901.
Superintendents, with dates of service:
George 1. Guy. Mareus A. Moffitt.
W. V. Mangrum
1900-1903
Rupert Simpkins 1903-1904
Principals and assistants: Monta Anderson.
Bertha M. Switzer.
Rose Cunningham.
High school teachers and subjects they teach:
Rupert Simpkins, History, Mathematics and Physics.
Monta Anderson, Latin, English and Music. Rose Cunningham, Physiology, Geography, Commercial Geography, Algebra, Composition and Literature. Average yearly salary of high school teachers, including superintendent.
Training of teachers:
Rupert Simpkins, A. B., M. A., LL. B., Indiana University.
Monta Anderson, graduate Stato Normal.
Rose Cunningham, graduate State Normal.
Enrollment in high school. 61
Tolal enrollment in grades and high school. 246
Number of girls graduated last year (1903) . S
Number of boys graduated last year (1903). 5
Number of each in this class that went to college 1
Number of graduates since school was organized 82
Number of these who have attended college 16
42
461
EDUCATION IN INDIANA.
WEST LAFAYETTE HIGH SCHOOL.
E. W. Lawrence, Superintendent.
Organized, 1895. Commissioned. 1895.
Superintendents, with dates of service:
Horace Ellis. 1895-1900
E. W. Lawrence. 1900-1904 High school teachers and subjects they teach:
F. E. Trucksess, Science and German.
Alfred A. May, Latin and German.
Daphne Kieffer, History and Literature. Flora Roberts, Mathematics and English.
Average yearly salary of high school teachers, including superintendent. $683.
EEE
--
WEST LAFAYETTE HIGH SCHOOL.
Training of teachers:
F. E. Trucksess, A. B., from Purdue University.
Daphne Kieffer, student in Purdue University.
Flora Roberts, A. B., Purdue University. Alfred A. May, A. B., from Wooster. Ohio.
Enrollment in high school. 126
Total enrollment in grades and high school. 529
Number of girls graduated last year (1903) 9
Number of boys graduated last year (1903).
Number in this class that went to college: S
12
Number of graduates since school was organized 115
Number of these who have attended college. 45%
162
EDUCATION IN INDIANA.
WESTFIELD HIGH SCHOOL.
W. A. Jessup. Superintendent.
Organized. Commissioned, 1898.
Superintendents:
W. C. Day. three years. W. A. Jessup, four years. Principals and assistants: Gail White. Lara V. Hanna. Laura Laughman. Jessie Smith.
High school teachers and subjects they teach:
HI. Kenyon, History and Geography.
W. P. Black, Science.
Jessie Smith, Latin and English. W. A. Jessup, Mathematics.
Average yearly salary of high school teachers, including superintendent. $593.75
Training of teachers:
W. A. Jessup, A. B., Earlham College.
Jessie Smith, A. B., Indiana University.
W. P. Black, A. B., Wabash College.
H. Kenyon, graduate academy.
Enrollment in high school 80
Total enrollment in grades and high school 300
Number of girls graduated last year (1903) 4
Number of boys graduated last year (1903). 5
Number in this class that went to college. 1
Number of graduates since school was organized. 60
Number of these who have attended college. 23
WHITING HIGH SCHOOL. Robert L. Hughes, Superintendent.
Organized. 1898. Commissioned, 1902.
Superintendents, with dates of service:
J. M. Wood. 1898-1899
Mrs. F. B. Hornman. 1899-1900
Robert L. Hughes. 1900-1904
Principals and assistants:
Eugene Gates.
R. L. Hughes. John C. Hall.
High school teachers and subjects they teach: John C. Hall, Science and Mathematics.
Mary Stoerlein, Latin and English.
Edith Faucher, German.
Edith Glasfelter, Commercial Branches and History.
Mabel F. Doty, Music and Drawing.
J. C. Jones, Manual Training.
463
EDUCATION IN INDIANA.
Average yearly salary of high school teachers, including superintendent. $942.85.
Training of teachers:
Robert L. Hughes. A. B., A. M., University of Chicago.
John C. Hall. A. B., University of Illinois.
Mary Stoerlein, A. B., Iowa College.
Edith Fancher, A. B., Northwestern University.
Edith Gladfleter, A. B., Washington University, and A. M., Univers- ity of Chicago.
J. C. Jones, University of Illinois.
Enrollment in high school. 60
Total enrollment in grades and high school. 625
Number of girls graduated last year (1903). 4
Number of boys graduated last year (1903). 1
Number in this class that went to college ..
2
Number of graduates since school was organized . 14
Number of these who have attended college.
4
WINDFALL HIGH SCHOOL. lohn Owens, Superintendent.
Organized, 1890. Commissioned, 1900.
Superintendents, with dates of service:
Oscar H. Williams John Owens. .1901-1904
Principals and assistants: Stella Shrader. Flora Guyer. Maude Bennett.
High school teachers and subjects they teach: Maude Bennett, Latin, Mathematics and History.
John Owens, Science and Literature.
Average yearly salary of high school teachers, including superintendent. $480.
Training of teachers:
Flora Guver, graduate of Franklin College.
Stella Shrader, undergraduate State Normal School.
Mande Bennett, undergraduate State University.
Oscar Williams, graduate State Normal School.
John Owens, graduate State Normal School and Franklin College: A. M., work at Franklin College.
Enrollment in high school. 50
Total enrollment in grades and high school. 300
Number of girls graduated last year (1903). 2
Number of boys graduated last year (1903). S
Number in this class that went to college. 5
Number of graduates since school was organized. 25
Number of these who have attended college. 12
EDUCATION IN INDIANA.
WILLIAMSPORT HIGH SCHOOL.
S. C. Hanson, Superintendent.
Oragnized, 1885. Commissioned, 1887.
Superintendents, with dates of service:
S. C. Hanson. 1885-
Principals and assistants: Maude Stearns 1893-1894
Edna Webner, principal. 1894-1897
chas. G. Davis, principal 1897-1900
Edgar Webb, principal. 1900-1904
Lydia Gemmer, assistant. 1897-1899
Wm. Evans, assistant. 1809-1901
Mrs. M. F. McCord, assistant.
1901-1904
High school teachers and subjects they teach:
S. C. Ilanson, History, English, Botany, Physics, Physiography, Bookkeeping.
Edgar Webb, Latin, Cæsar. Cicero, Virgil, Plane and Solid Geom- etry and Civics.
Mrs. M. F. MeCord, first and second year English, first and second year Algebra, and a little work in eighth year.
Average yearly salary of high school teachers, including superinten lent, $640.
Training of teachers:
S. C. Hanson, completed teachers' course, two years, in Westfield College; B. S., M. S. and A. M. later from same institution; A. M. also from Lane University, Kansas; student in Miami Conserva- tory of Music: post graduate student in English, School Organiza- tion and Geology, University of Chicago, 1900.
Edgar Webb, graduate Indiana State Normal School; also pursuing a course in Indiana University.
Mrs. M. F. McCord, graduate Indiana State Normal School Enrollment in high school. 43
Total enrollment in grades and high school. 300
Number of girls graduated last year (1903). 4
Number of boys graduated last year (1903). 6
Number in this class that went to college. 2
Number of graduates since school was organized. 81
Number of these who have attended college. 41
465
EDUCATION IN INDIANA.
WILLIAMSPORT HIGH SCHOOL.
30-EDUCATION.
466
EDUCATION IN INDIANA.
WINAMAC HIGH SCHOOL. W. II. Kelly, Superintendent.
Organized, 1889. Commissioned, 1890.
Superintendents, with dates of service:
A. T. Reid. .1889-1893
J. O. Jones. 1893-1895
C. W. Kimmell. 1895-1897
A. T. Reid. 1897-1901
W. II. Kelly .1901-1904
Principals and assistants:
Emma Robinson.
Kathryn Daggy.
Carrie Mathews.
Alfred Rober.
J. E. Layton.
R. G. Taylor.
B. M. Hendricks.
Albert Reep.
Julia E. Marbrough.
Edgar Packard.
Lida M. Layton.
Mary MacHatton.
High school teachers and subjects they teach:
W. H. Kelly, U. S. History, English and Bookkeeping.
AAlbert Reep, Mathematics and Physics.
Edgar Packard, English and Botany.
Mary MacHatton. Latin and General History.
Average' yearly salary of high school teachers, including superintendent, $650.
Training of teachers:
W. H. Kelly, A.B., Indiana University.
Albert Reep, A. B., DePauw University.
Edgar Packard, graduate Indiana State Normal School.
Mary MacHatton. A. B., Indiana University.
Enrollment in high school. 89
Total enrollment in grades and high school. 443
Number of girls graduated last year (1903) 1
Number of boys graduated last year (1903)
4
Number in this class that went to college.
1
Number of graduates since school was organized 79
Number of these who have attended college 12
467
EDUCATION IN INDIANA.
WINAMAC HIGH SCHOOL.
WOLCOTT HIGH SCHOOL.
E. B. Rizer, Superintendent.
Organized. 1892. Commissioned, 1903.
Superintendents, with dates of service:
Mae Romig. .1892-1896
E. B. Rizer 1896-1904
Principals and assistants: Wert R. Neel. principal. Anna lda Stultz, assistant.
High school teachers and subjects they teach: E. B. Rizer, History, Geography and Physics.
Wert R. Neel, Mathematics and Botany. Anna Ida Stultz, Latin and English.
Average yearly salary of high school teachers, including superintendent, $720.
Training of teachers:
E. B. Rizer, undergraduate of Purdne and of Indiana Universities. Wert R. Neel, undergraduate of Indiana University.
Anna Ida Stultz, graduate of Indiana University.
465
EDUCATION IN INDIANA.
Enrollment in high school.
56
Total enrollment in grades and high school.
300
Number of girls graduated last year (1903).
0
Number of boys graduated last year (1903).
0
Number of graduates since school was organized 40
Number of those who have attended college.
10
WINCHESTER HIGH SCHOOL. Oscar R. Baker, Superintendent.
Organized, 1872. Commissioned, 1882.
Superintendents, with dates of service:
John Cooper. Lee Ault . 1873-1877
ES. II. Buller
C. H. Wood 1877-1886
1SS6-1891
I. S. Caldwell
1891-1892
II. W. Bowers. 1892-1895 Oscar R. Baker 1895-1904
Principals and assistants:
L. E. Lamme.
Lee Ault.
E. H. Buller.
C. H. Wood.
.T. W. Polly.
H. W. Bowers.
F. S. Caldwell.
Oscar R. Baker.
High school teachers and subjects they teach:
Lee L. Driver, Mathematics and Science.
Clarence E. MeKinney, Latin and German.
Emma G. Engle, English and History. Oscar R. Baker, Civies and Chemistry. Average yearly salary of high school teachers, including superintendent, $815.
Training of teachers:
Leo L. Driver, normal and college work.
C. E. Mckinney, college work. Emma Engle, college work.
Oscar R. Baker, normal and academy work.
Enrollment in high school. 100
Total enrollment in grades and high school. 772
Number of girls graduated last year (1903). S
Number of boys graduated last year (1903) 6
Number in this class that went to college. 6
Number of graduates since school was organized. 273
Number of these who have attended college 74
1870-1873
Number in this class that went to college.
469
EDUCATION IN INDIANA.
-
FFF
WINCHESTER HIGH SCHOOL.
WORTHINGTON HIGH SCHOOL.
W. B. Van Gorder, Superintendent.
Organized, 1879. Commissioned, -.
Superintendents, with dates of service:
Jolin C. Chaney. .1879-1880
Arnold Tompkins .1880-1883
D. M. Nelson. . 1883-1884
Bailey Martin.
W. O. Warrick 1SS4-1885
.1885-18SS
Jennie J. Troop 1888-1890
J. V. Zartman. .1890-1893 W. D. Kerlin 1893-1896
Frances Benedict
W. B. Van Gorder .1896-1899
Principals and assistants:
D. A. Little.
Ellen I. Piel.
1899-1904
170
EDUCATION IN INDIANA.
High school teachers and subjects they teach:
D. A. Little, Latin and Algebra. Ellen L. Piel, assistant, History and English.
Average yearly salary of high school teachers, including superintendent, $606.
Training of teachers:
D. A. Little, graduate of State Normal School.
Ellen Piel, graduate of Ann Arbor University.
W. B. Van Gorder, graduate of Taylor University; also under- graduate of Chicago University.
Enrollment in high school. 73
Total enrollment in grades and high school. 415
Number of girls graduated last year (1903). S
Number of hoys graduated last year (1903). 2
Number in this class that went to college.
2
Number of graduates since school was organized. 196
Number of these who have attended college.
46
ZIONSVILLE HIGH SCHOOL.
H. F. Gallimore, Superintendent.
Organized, 1885. Commissioned, 1902.
Superintendents, with dates of service:
A. B. Jones. 1885-1888
M. D. Avery. .1SSS-1894
H. F. Gallimore 1894-1904 Principals and assistants:
Flora A. Menninger.
Edna Jolmson.
Susie M. Aldrich.
High school teachers and subjects they teach: Susie M. Aldrich, English and German.
N. K. Mills, Mathematics and History.
HI. F. Gallimore, Science and History.
Average yearly salary of high school teachers, including superintendent, $680.
Training of teachers:
H. F. Gallimore, superintendent, Indiana State Normal School and undergraduate Indiana University.
Susie M. Aldrich, Michigan State Normal School, Michigan Uni- versity.
N. K. Mills, undergraduate Notre Dame and Indiana Universities. Enrollment in high school. 52
Total enrollment in grades and high school. 325
Number of girls graduated last year (1903). 1
Number of boys gradnated last year (1903) G
Number in this class who went to college. 3
Number of graduates since school was organized. 02
Number of these who have attended college 42
471
EDUCATION IN INDIANA.
B. TOWNSHIP HIGH SCHOOLS.
1. GENERAL STATEMENT.
The greatest activity in high school circles during the last few years has been in the townships. The new transfer law has promoted high schools, while the new high school law has improved them in quality. It is now required as a prerequisite that there shall be at least twenty-five common school graduates of school age residing in the township. This last law checked the organization of small high schools throughout the state inci- dent to the attempt to defeat the transfer law. In nearly every case new high schools are now organized only where the demands are strong and the conditions favorable.
2. THE TOWNSHIP HIGH SCHOOL LAW.
(1901, p. 514. Approved March 11, 1901; in force May, 1901.)
The school trustees shall take charge of the educational affairs of their respective townships, towns and cities. They shall employ teachers. establish and locate conveniently a sufficient number of schools for the education of the children therein, and build, or otherwise provide, suit- able houses, furniture, apparatus and other articles and educational appliances necessary for the thorough organization and efficient manage- ment for said schools. Such school trustees may also establish and maintain in their respective corporations, as near the center of the town- ship as seems wise, at least one separate graded high school, to which shall be admitted all pupils who are sufficiently advanced: Provided. That the school trustees of two or more school corporations may estab- lish and maintain joint graded high school[s] in lieu of separate graded high schools, and when so done they jointly shall have the care, manage- ment and maintenance thereof: Provided further, That any trustee, instead of building a separate graded high school for his township, shall transfer the pupils of his township competent to enter a graded high school to another school corporation: Provided further. That all pay- ments of tuition, provided for under this act, heretofore made by school trustees for such high school privileges are hereby legalized: Provided further. That no such graded high school shall be so built unless there are at the time such house is built, at least twenty-five common school graduates of school age residing in the township.
472
EDUCATION IN INDIANA.
3. ITISTORY.
It is an interesting fact that before the middle of the nine- teenth century State Superintendent Mills had seen the real solu- tion of the problem of education in a democracy, and had named consolidation as the key. Out of this thought came the idea of centers of learning in districts, townships, and towns, with combinations possible in districts and townships, and finally with combinations possible between and among districts and townships. This made the township graded school possible, which in turn made possible and necessary the township high school. Super- intendent Mills, in his messages to the legislature in the forties, and afterward in his reports as state superintendent of public instruction goes over all the arguments for consolidation and centralization of district schools ; and, so far as I know, his argu- ments have never been improved or added to. It was through sneh men as Mills on the outside, and John I. Morrison, chairman of the educational committee in the constitutional convention, that education received recognition in the new constitution. With the new constitution and the law of 1852, the township became the political and the school unit of the state. This fact is of the largest significance in dealing with the Indiana school system, for Indiana was probably the first state to make the township the school mit. Since, it has been adopted by other states in the Union. The claims made for it and admitted need not be re- peated here. The new constitution gave state supervision, and the people shortly voted in favor of taxation for the maintenance of schools. The movement forward with the new constitution was interrupted by unfavorable decisions of the courts and by the com- ing of the civil war. In the early sixties from these causes the schools suffered and dropped to the lowest level. It was not until after the civil war that the revival came. The supreme court held that loeal levies for tuition and common-school revenues were con- stitutional, thus making it possible for towns and townships to pro- vide for terms of school of respectable length. This really was the beginning of local, public high-school education. The law had also made it clear that it was the duty of township trustees to provide secondary schools for pupils who have completed the work in the grades. Out of all these influences, with the town-
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