Mirror to America : a history of New London, New Hampshire, 1900-1950, Part 1

Author: Squires, J. Duane (James Duane), 1904-
Publication date: 1952
Publisher: Concord, N.H. : Evans Print. Co.
Number of Pages: 632


USA > New Hampshire > Merrimack County > New London > Mirror to America : a history of New London, New Hampshire, 1900-1950 > Part 1


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Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41 | Part 42 | Part 43 | Part 44 | Part 45 | Part 46 | Part 47 | Part 48 | Part 49 | Part 50 | Part 51 | Part 52 | Part 53 | Part 54 | Part 55 | Part 56 | Part 57 | Part 58 | Part 59 | Part 60 | Part 61 | Part 62


MIRROR TO AMERICA A History of New London, New Hampshire 1900-1950


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Mirror to America


Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2019


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DANIEL BYRON K HAKES ALFRED CLAN ROBERT A BLOOD ALSTON. BROWN JAMES MISURFEE DAVID: W. BUNKER


WORLD WAR CAPOCHARLES AYLAMCON CARTOURA F. CROCKETT WIEUY. CARL L.COLEMAN MYRON R.ADAMS FRANK H.BUTLER WILLIAN N.CROTEA GEORGE W. CURRIC


-


MIRROR TO AMERICA


A HISTORY OF NEW LONDON, NEW HAMPSHIRE 1900-1950


By JAMES DUANE SQUIRES, PH. D. Chairman of the Department of Social Studies Colby Junior College, New London, N. H.


Appendices compiled in part by Helen Kidder Greenaway, Mildred Crockett Tunis, and Nancy Lord Daniels


EVANS PRINTING COMPANY, INC. Concord, New Hampshire 1952


Copyright, 1952, By James Duane Squires All rights reserved including the right to reproduce this book or parts thereof in any form


2002821


To


" .... . all those dear hearts and gentle people who live in my home town"


$ 5.50 Postmaster June 19-1978 20 9397


V


Preface


This book has been written with three groups of readers in mind. First of all, I have tried constantly to emphasize the interests and concerns of the citizens of New London. What their Town has accomplished in the last half century; what they have done over the years since 1900; what their hopes and aspirations have been, - these thoughts have ever been with me. In the second place, I have sought to be aware of the thousands of people to whom New London is a kind of second home, - the legion of summer visitors; the small army of Academy and College students throughout the past five decades; the campers and others who have loved the Town for its unspoiled natural beauty; and those who have retired from the whirl of metropolitan existence to come to New London for the remainder of their lives. These persons have had and have a deep and abiding interest in our Town; they have been and are an important part of its community success. Lastly, I have attempted to make clear that New London has accurately mirrored the growth and accomplishment of twen- tieth century America.


This last objective merits a brief clarification. Louis Agassiz, a great scientist of the last century, once remarked that from a drop of water a careful student could infer the existence of the largest ocean. In the same way I should say that from a careful scrutiny of the modern development of a Town like New London one could infer the main lines of accomplishment of the American people since 1900. It is remarkable how the principal achievements of our civilization have been illustrated in the history of this Town. This is true alike in the realm of the material and technological as well as the spiritual and mental. To essay an understanding of these forces over the last fifty years in New London is to see ourselves as Americans, pictured in a mirror which is un- derstandable.


vii


In June, 1899, Mrs. Myra B. Lord brought to a conclusion her notable history of New London from its beginnings to the events of that year. Her work was, and is, outstanding among the Town histories of New Hampshire. No attempt has been made in the present work to rewrite the story that Mrs. Lord told so well. Occasionally, I have dipped into the annals of the years before 1900 to lay a background or suggest an origin, but basically this book begins where Mrs. Lord laid down her pen. It is the history of New London for the five decades between 1900 and 1950. Since all historical writing necessarily involves some principles of selectivity, my choice of material has been determined by the three-fold viewpoint mentioned above. Within that framework I have sought to tell the story truthfully and fully, supporting my statements with adequate documentation.


Local history has a fascination that is growing on Americans as our country becomes older. The wide appeal of the magazine, American Heritage, bears witness to the fact. So does the deserved success of such recent Town histories as those on Peacham, Vermont, and Bar Harbor, Maine. New London's history is inherently as significant as either of these, and its appeal to thousands of people has been as great. While the growth and development of New London have been typi- cal of the best aspects of modern America, it has retained a unique quality which is, no doubt, the source of its perennial charm. A knowledge of its history may reveal the sources of that charm and deepen the love which many feel for the Town. A knowledge of its history will aid in understanding many of the larger developments of our time. By seeking such knowledge we shall be obedient to the Socratic counsel, "Know Thyself," and to the wise words of Jesus, "Ye shall know the Truth, and the Truth shall make you free."


J. Duane Squires


New London, New Hampshire August 3, 1951, (The 172nd anniversary of the first Town Meeting)


viii


Acknowledgments


The preparation and writing of this book have occupied much of my time for the last six years. The objective could not have been reached without the assistance of scores of men and women. To them all, individually and collectively, I offer sincere thanks.


My first expression of gratitude goes to President H. Leslie Sawyer and the Trustees of Colby Junior College, who granted me a semester's leave of absence in 1950 to complete the book. During that period I examined the relevant materi- als for New London's history in the Fernald Memorial Library of Colby Junior College; in the Tracy Memorial Library of New London; in the collections of the State Library and the New Hampshire Historical Society at Concord; in the Baker Memorial Library at Dartmouth College; in the Library of the University of New Hampshire; in the Manchester, N. H., Public Library; and in the Boston Public Library. The officials in these institutions were uniformly courteous and helpful in my investigations. Especially do I thank Mrs. Mildred P. Mckay of the State Library in Concord, a former resident of New London, who time and again went out of her way to be of assistance.


The New London History Committee has been unfailing- ly helpful and stimulating to me. The late Oren D. Crockett, long an active member of that committee, first inspired my interest in the history of New London. A former pastor of the New London Baptist Church, Dr. Harold W. Buker, also for many years a member of the History Committee, gave me warm encouragement. The present personnel of the group, Mrs. Nancy Lord Daniels, William M. Kidder, Charles E. Shepard, Stanley A. Spiller, and Percy M. Thurston, each out of a lifetime of personal knowledge of Town affairs, have always been willing to counsel with me. Likewise, the specially- appointed Photographic Committee, Mrs. Emma L. Colby,


ix


Mrs. Fred B. Gay, Mrs. Mary B. Macomber, Don K. Sieburg, and Stanley A. Spiller, were faithful in the discharge of their difficult task. To Don K. Sieburg I shall ever be thankful for his untiring assistance in preparing the pictures for the printer.


I have a deep feeling of gratitude toward three women who made indispensable contributions to the appendices. Mrs. Helen Kidder Greenaway searched the pages of the Town Clerk's record for the years since 1900, annotating and turn- ing over to me a sheaf of materials which have proved extreme- ly useful. Mrs. Nancy Lord Daniels did likewise with the files of the Franklin Journal-Transcript. In addition to this effort, Mrs. Daniels has been wholly responsible for the remarkable compilation of family records included in this book. Mrs. Mildred Crockett Tunis prepared the unique appendix on old houses in New London, thus completing a project which was first suggested to me by W. W. Cordingley in the spring of 1946. These three women, by virtue of their memories of youthful years lived in New London, have contributed much to the book, and I shall always be indebted to them.


Similar is my feeling of appreciation for the help of many other local people. Mrs. Fred Knowlton and F. Eldred Hodge gave me important material on the weather records in New London over much of the past half century. The New London Service Organization Inc. generously provided funds for secretarial assistance in typing the manuscript for publication. Mrs. Elizabeth Blake Ripley prepared the beautiful map which forms the end pages of the volume. Miss Rowena Morse and Mrs. Greenaway have kindly assisted in proof reading. Other local people who aided me in the search for numerous items of specific information include: Mary C. Barrett, Mr. and Mrs. Frank Butler, Jane H. Cary, Mr. and Mrs. Eliot G. Clemons, Dr. and Mrs. Mather Cleveland, Attorney James C. Cleveland, William A. Colburn, Mrs. Emma L. Colby, Frank H. Cordtmeyer, Mr. and Mrs. Dura P. Crockett, Mr. and Mrs. Oren D. Crockett, Joseph Cutting, Edwin F. Edmunds, Ervin P. Edmunds, Mr. and Mrs. Merle C. Gay, Paul B. Gay, Mrs. Arthur Gould, Mr. and Mrs. Clarence Granger, Mary Haddad,


Mr. and Mrs. Herbert Hayes, B. A. Hoban, Mr. and Mrs. Wen- dell N. Hobbs, Mrs. Josephine Holmes, Mr. and Mrs. Henry Homan, Mrs. Thomas Jardine, Mr. and Mrs. William F. Kid- der, Mr. and Mrs. Seth A. Lamson, Ira S. Littlefield, Mr. and Mrs. M. Roy London, Mr. and Mrs. Eugene L. Lorden, Mr. and Mrs. Robert M. Lovely, Eleanor H. Lovett, Lois Mac- Farland, Lee Miller, Herman P. Messer, Harold Messer, Eleanor C. Parker, George W. Philbrick, Fred A. Pressey, Will Ray, Mrs. John Reid, Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth M. Rich, Melville H. Robbins, Calvin E. Sargent, Mrs. Murray Sargent, Robert G. Sawyer, Florence M. Sill, Dorris M. Smith, Mr. and Mrs. Orra Smith, Mrs. Stanley A. Spiller, Emma I. Stanley, Henry M. Stanley, Herbert D. Swift, Julia E. Todd, Ernest E. Welch, Bert West, Wayne K. Wheeler, and Mr. and Mrs. Thomas E. Wistar, Jr. In addition to these persons, I should like to thank Miss Amelia J. McLeod, Superintendent of the New London Hospital, and all the local medical men for assisting me with materials for Chapter VII.


Many individuals outside the corporate limits of New London have given me valued help. I should like to express thanks to the Office of the Secretary of State of New Hamp- shire, to the New Hampshire Highway Department, to the New Hampshire State Department of Education, to the State Planning and Development Commission, and to the U.S. Weather Bureau officials in Concord. To the Edwin H. Morris and Company, Inc., 1619 Broadway, New York 19, N. Y: goes my sincere appreciation for permission to use their copyrighted words which I have employed in my dedication. Mr. Morton George and his associates in the Evans Printing Company, the publishers of the book, have been unfailingly attentive to all the details involved in print- ing and binding the volume, and have given wise counsel on ways of making the book attractive to the eye of the reader.


Finally, and most of all, I thank my beloved wife and our two sons for their invaluable help to me in criticism, sugges-


xi


tions, and patience during the composition of the work. With- out their unfailing encouragement, I should not have been able to complete the project.


For any and all errors in the book, I assume responsibili- ty. I trust that they may be few or non-existent; but, such as they may be, they are mine, and not those of any of the per- sons who have counselled with me. The writing of local history is always difficult, but its rewards in friendship and under- standing are correspondingly great.


J. Duane Squires


xi


CONTENTS


Introduction CHAPTER I NEW LONDON AT THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY


1. Population, Area, and Government:


3


Census Figures - Two Villages - Mountain Scenery - Topography and Drainage - Fauna and Flora - Town Officers in 1900


2. Transportation and Communication:


7


Horse and Buggy Days - Blacksmith Shops and Other Business Affecting the Horse - Snow Rollers - Steamboats on Lake Sunapee - Telephone - Village Sidewalks - Ori- gins of Street Lighting


3. Other Aspects of Earning a Living in 1900:


10


Purchasing Power of Money Then and Now - Farming in New London - The Town Stores - Business and Profes- sional Services - Herbert B. Swett's Tin Shop - Other Man- ufacturing - Hotels and the Rising Summer Business


4. Spiritual and Intellectual Interests in 1900: 16


The New London Baptist Church - Public Schools - The Colby Academy - The New London Public Library


5. The Daily Life of the People: 20


Good Housekeepers - Amusements and Recreation Through- out the Year - Interest of the New London People in Public Affairs


NOTE TO CHAPTER I: Population Figures Throughout the History of New London


Part One: Public Affairs


CHAPTER II


TOWN MEETINGS AND TOWN BUSINESS


1. New London's Town Meetings: 31


General Characteristics - Summary of Local Governmental Developments in the Last Half-century - Party Caucuses Appearance of Women in Politics - Cemetery Care and Trust Funds


2. The Town Monument and the New Town Hall: 34


Erecting the Town Monument - Decision to build a New Town Hall - The Amos H. Whipple Legacy - Dedication of New Building


xiii


36


3. Innovations in Town Meeting Business and Other Local Public Affairs:


Discussions of Zoning and Planning - The Town Planning Board - Origin of Town Budget Committee - Efforts to Make New London More Attractive - The Question of an Airport - "Federal Aid" in the 1930's - Town Subsidies for Patriotic Anniversaries and for Certain Public Amusements - Consideration of a Continuation of the Town's History as Published in 1899


4. New London's Outreach in Public Affairs:


42


Local Representatives to the General Court - New London's Delegates to the Constitutional Convention since 1900 - Establishment of the Dartmouth-Lake Sunapee Region - Council of Towns of New Hampshire - Local Resolutions on National Issues - New London's Attitude Toward the Sale of Liquor


CHAPTER III THE ENLARGEMENT OF PUBLIC SERVICES


1. Development of Public Schools: 49


Consolidation Movement - Curriculum Extension - Estab- lishment of the New London High School - Superin- tendents and Headmasters - The Central School of 1942 - Growth of New London's Educational Facilities - The Public Schools in 1950


2. Improvements in Highways, Bridges, and Sidewalks:


55


Importance of Roads to New London - New Town Roads Since 1900 - Beginnings of Hard-surfaced Roads - Snow- rolling Gives Way to Snow Plowing - The Work of the Road Agent - Sidewalks and Bridges - Appearance of State Financial Aid for Highways - State Road Foremen in New London - Rise of Federal Aid for Highways - Highway Improvements in 1948 and 1949


3. The New London Fire Company: 59


Bucket Brigades in 1900 - The First Chemical Engine - Rapid Improvements in the 1920's - The New Fire Hall - Correlation of Local Company with State Fire Wardens - Fire Protection in New London in 1950


4. Police Protection and the Municipal Court: 62


Efforts to Safeguard Summer Property - Formation of the State Police - The Establishment of the Local Municipal Court - New London's Judges to 1950


5. The New London Water System Precinct: 64


Early Efforts to Bring Running Water to New London Formation of the Water Precinct in 1925 - Growth of the Precinct and its Extent in 1950


6. The Sewer System: 67


Importance of the Problem after 1925 - Beginning the


xiv


System in 1931 - Difficulties Encountered - Extensions - Formation of the Sewer Commission - Mid-century Status NOTE TO CHAPTER III: Fifty years of the US Post Office in New London


CHAPTER IV


THE SESQUICENTENNIAL OF NEW LONDON IN 1929


Historical Background of the Town - The Centennial Ob- servance of 1879 - Preparations for the Sesquicentennial - The Program of August 2-4, 1929 - Committees in Charge - Text of the Historical Pageant


76


Part Two: A New Variety in Human Relationships


CHAPTER V


THE COMING OF THE AUTOMOBILE AND ELECTRICITY


1. Beginnings of the Motor Age:


93


Early Automobiles In New London - Decline of the Horse and Buggy Era - End of Old-time Steamboating on Lake Sunapee - Appearance of Local Garages and Service Sta- tions - Development of Taxi and Bus - End of New Lon- don's Isolation


2. Light and Power Since 1900:


98


The New London Acetylene Gas Company - Electric Transmission Lines Reach New London in 1916 - Improve- ments in Home and Street Lighting - Electricity as a Source of Power at Home and on the Farm - New London's Electricians - First Movies - Radio and Other Electric Appliances - Television Arrives In New London - Storms and Their Effects in the Age of Electricity


CHAPTER VI OTHER BUSINESS ADAPTATIONS AND DEVELOPMENTS


1. Field, Farm, and Forest 105


General Farming in New London Since 1900 - Improve- ments in Dairies - The Poultry Business - Truck Gardens - Berries and Herbs - Honey - Greenhouses and Nurseries - Maple Products - Use of Timber Resources - Government Extensions into Agriculture


XV


2. Some Modifications in Older Types of Business:


110


New London's Stores Over a Half-century - Growth of the Hotel Business - Local Industries - The Telephone Com- pany and Its Growth


3. New Kinds of Business Develop:


115


Bakeries, Ice-Cream Parlors, and Restaurants - The New London Locker Plant, Inc. - Laundries, Dry-Cleaning Establishment, and Beauty Parlors - Specialty and Gift Shops - The Yankee Craftsmen of New London


4. A Variety of Individual and Professional Skills:


118


Architects, Lawyers, Surveyors, Musicians - The Building Trades - Notaries, Real Estate Dealers, and Insurance Agencies - The Funeral Home - Other Local Skills


5. Journalism in New London Since 1900:


120


Early Experiments in Local Newspaper Endeavor - Local Correspondents - The Highlander - The New London News - The Speaker - Echoes of the Dartmouth-Lake Suna- pee Region - The Neighborhood Exchange - The Newport Guardian and Kearsarge-Sunapee Sun


122


6. The Rise of Organized Winter Recreation:


Early Growth of Winter Sports in New Hampshire - New London's Winter Carnivals - Skating Rinks - First Ski Tow - The New London Outing Club and the Northeast Ski Slope


CHAPTER VII


MEDICAL CARE AND HEALTH


1. New London's Doctors Through Half a Century 129


2. The New London Hospital and Nursing Association


130


District Nurse in 1916 - Initial Steps Toward a Hospital in 1918 - Incorporation in 1919 - The New Building of 1923 - Its Enlargement in 1936 - Other Improvements in Plant and Equipment - The Barbara Jane Baker Memorial Laboratory - Head Nurses and Superintendents - Regional Interest in the Hospital - Mid-century Plans for Further Growth


3. The New London Hospital Aid, the Summer Residents' Com- mittee, and Hospital Days:


Initial Moves Toward a Hospital Aid - Official Organiza- tion Thereof in 1926 - Services of the New London Hospital Aid - Mortgage Reduction Ceremonies - The Summer Residents' Committee and Its Indispensable Help Since 1937 - The Origin and Importance of Hospital Day


4. Other Health Activities in Town:


137


Public Health Efforts of the Schools - School Nurses and Their Work - Blue Cross and Blue Shield in New London- Town Support for National Health Movements - Nursing and Convalescent Homes


xvi


CHAPTER VIII IN THE GOOD OLD SUMMER TIME


1. Summer Visitors and Summer Residents:


143


The Perennial Charm of New London - The Rising Tide of Summer Business After 1900 - Changing Customs - Increase of Summer Residential Property - Its Economic Value to the Town - Spiritual Contributions to New London of Summer Visitors and Summer Residents


2. The Camping Movement in New London:


146


Initial Attempts at Summer Camp Activities - Camp Wal- lula - Camp Tonawandah - Camp Kearsarge - Camp Suna- pee - Colbytown Camp - Worthwhileness of Summer Camps


3. Various Golfing Endeavors:


148


The Colby Golf Course - Soo-Nipi Park Course - Twin Lake Villa Course - The Willow Farm Course - Establish- ing the Lake Sunapee Country Club - Its Growth and De- velopment - Rise of the Turf Business - Other Golf Activities


4. New London's Summer Theater:


151


The Establishment of the New London Players under Mrs. Josephine E. Holmes in 1933 - Opening Season - The Move to the Barn Playhouse, 1934 - Increase in Drama Offer- ings - War-time Difficulties - Sale of New London Players in 1948 - Some Typical Seasonal Offerings


5. Other Aspects of Summer in New London:


154


Baseball Teams - Bands and Band Concerts - Flower Shows - Musical Programs - The AAAS Gordon Research Conferences After 1947 - Horse Shows - Fourth of July Carnivals - Firemen's Balls and Hospital Days - Swimming Instruction - Special Church Services - The "New Lon- don Boys Club" - Sales of Home-made Products - "Un- organized" Recreation - Value and Need of Recreational Activities


Part Three: The Spirit and the Mind


CHAPTER IX


A HALF CENTURY IN NEW LONDON'S CHURCHES


1. The New London Baptist Church: 163


Pastors Since 1900 - Relations of Local Church to the Denomination - The Sesquicentennial of the New London Baptist Church - Milestones in Church Developments - Services of Officers and Members


xvii


2. Other Religious Groups With Houses of Worship in New London: 167


The First Union Religious Society of Otterville and its Chapel - St. Andrew's Chapel in the West Part of Town - The Elkins Chapel - The Roman Catholic Church of Our Lady of Fatima - The Christian Science Society


3. Further Aspects of New London's Religious Life: 171


The King's Daughters - Youth Movements - Smaller Sects in New London - The Town's Relations to the Tides of Religious Thinking in the Twentieth Century


CHAPTER X THE COLBY ACADEMY AND COLBY JUNIOR COLLEGE


1. The Last Years of the Academy: 176


Historical Background of The Colby Academy - Headmasters After 1900 - Student Life at the Academy - Its Problems During the 1920's


2. The Junior College Begins in 1928:


180


Leadership of Dr. H. Leslie Sawyer - Background of the Junior College Movement - The Changes of 1928 and After - Original College Faculty - Bases of College Tradi- tions


3. Some Aspects of Student Life at Colby Junior College: 182


Mens, Animus, Corpus - Student Clubs and Other Organiza- tions - Rise of Self-government and the Honor System - Religious Activities - The Colby Appeal for Lovers of the Out-of-Doors


4. Teaching and Administration: 185


Faculty Statistics - The Sawyer Concept of College Admini- stration - Innovations Sponsored by the Executive Com- mittee - The Colby Curriculum - The Trustees and Their Sympathies and Insights


5. Two Noteworthy Celebrations:


188


The Centennial Celebration of 1937 - Its Objectives and Accomplishments - The Centennial Ode - The Twenty- Fifth Anniversary Program of 1947 - Alumnae Gifts


6. The Outreach of Colby Junior College:


192


Students and Alumnae - Off Campus Work of Students -


Faculty Services


to Community, State, and Nation


-


The Book Pedlar - Public Relations Work - The SS SUSAN COLBY - Summer Forums - Economic Contribu- tion to New London - The Spirit of the College


NOTE TO CHAPTER X: The Buildings of Colby Junior College, Their Origins, and Names


xviii


CHAPTER XI MENTAL STIMULATIONS THROUGHOUT HALF A CENTURY


1. The New London Public Library: 204 Status in 1900 - Its Loyal Friends and Patrons - New Quarters After 1907 - The Tracy Memorial Building, 1926- Its Facilities, Attractiveness, and Community Activities - Librarians Since 1926 - Excellence of the Library


2. The New London Forum and the "Ask Me Another" Series: 207 Establishment of the Forum, 1933 - The Years of Its Pro- grams - Origins of the "Ask Me Another" Contests - Nature of the Series and Participants Therein


3. Other Intellectual Stimulations and Diversions: 211


Dramatic Productions - "Guest Nights" of Local Organiza- tions - P.T.C. - Artists and Art Studios - Kindergartens - Reading, Music, and other Interests - Antiques - Arts and Crafts Activities - The Dance


CHAPTER XII A SUMMARY OF ORGANIZATIONS IN NEW LONDON NOT HITHERTO DESCRIBED


1. Civic Groups: 217


The Village Improvement Society - The New London Im- provement Association - The New London Civic Associa- tion / - The New London Service Organization, Inc. - The New London Lions Club




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