USA > New Hampshire > Merrimack County > New London > Mirror to America : a history of New London, New Hampshire, 1900-1950 > Part 25
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NEW HAMPSHIRE, 1900-1950
places and mantels, front stairway and doors. A unique struc- tural feature was observed by Clarence B. Granger, contractor for this reconstruction, namely the evidence in the house frame that at one time the rear had been of the leanto design and that later the rear wall plate had been raised to the four square, broad gable of today.
Between the front and rear rooms on each end of the Seamans-Walter house, filling the space at the outside of the big chimney, is a small entry with doors centered in the gable. The same use is made of this space at the SE end of the "Red House," while at the opposite end it is utilized by a closet. There are six existing fireplaces in each of the three houses. At the back of each chimney in all three is a large fireplace. On the first floor, at the back of each chimney in all three is a large fireplace. In each, this fireplace on the left side of the house (entering the front) has the brick oven feature. In the Gay-Sawyer place the same combination is found in the corresponding location on the right side. In the other two homes, the fireplaces in this location are closed at present, but it is presumed that they also include the brick oven. It is known that in the Gay and French homes, two families occupied the houses at certain periods.
The kitchen fireplace now open at the "Red House," is surrounded by a complete paneled wall in which closet doors form part of the pattern. The oven and cleanout space found at the right of the fireplace opening and flush with the front wall surface has a paneled door which covered it when not in use and also formed a part of the overall design. The fireplace at the Seamans-Walter house which corresponds to this has the recessed oven in the left side and is surmounted by simple paneling and a four paneled door at the left.
Two original kitchen fireplaces at the Gay-Sawyer house are the most remarkable, both in size and design. The one in the NE side has an opening almost eight feet in width and the recessed oven on the left side. The other, in the NW side, hav- ing a more conventional oven opening, also at the left, is not as wide but is fifty-one inches high. It is only fifteen inches
:
290
A HISTORY OF NEW LONDON
in depth, slanting in toward the back, a characteristic feature of these old fireplaces. The height of the opening, the sloping sides and shallow depth, provide an unusually large and ac- cessible surface of brick for the radiation of heat. Beautiful new paneling of an old pattern has been used around these two kitchen fireplaces and those in the NE rooms upstairs and down, while an original mantel of laminated construction is found in the SW downstairs room.
The fireplaces in the upstairs front rooms on the left side, in the Gay-Sawyer and French-Clough homes, are ex- tremely small, the opening to the later, measuring two feet and one half wide by two feet high, only three feet to the top of the little mantel.
The Seamans-Walter house has simple mantels with each of the four fireplaces in the front rooms below and above. In the NE room, downstairs, a charming design appears on the mantel and is repeated in the chair rail. "Indian shutters" remain in both first floor front rooms.
The French-Clough house, referred to both as "The Old Homestead," and the "Red House," has the most spectacular original long fireplace walls in both front rooms on the first floor with beautiful and extensive paneling and mantel de- sign, one an acorn motif. Original "Indian shutters" are found with all windows on the front of the house both upstairs and down, each shutter section having a one paneled design. The use of these shutters on the upstairs windows is unusual and was probably an aid to the secrecy which attended the meet- ings held here in "Bro. Greene French's hall", by the Masonic Order during the period when it was a controversial organiza- tion. The innate interior beauty of this house together with the mystery of those early Masonic meetings and the later fiction which designated it as "the haunted house", make this the most fabulous of our old homes.
Original front doors and frames in all three houses have been replaced, though the beautiful reproduction at the Gay- Sawyer house follows the original details. All three homes have original interior doors, both four and six paneled types.
291
NEW HAMPSHIRE, 1900-1950
In general the six paneled are found downstairs and the four upstairs. All original window sash have been replaced. The original windows, composed of twelve over twelve lights and glass with wavy and bullseye effect, were in the Gay home before its reconstruction. Some of this old glass was used in the windows at the Tracy Memorial Building. New windows of the old proportions and light arrangement have taken their place. All three homes have broad hallways and straight runs of stairs with original banisters and spindles of simple design. Each has a charming carved detail on the outside end of the steps. Similar decorations appear on the "pulpit" stairways at the Will Sanborn house (No. 69) and Clifford home (No. 74).
Simplicity of our early homes
An observation which applies to all our early homes is that they are the most simple manifestations of these archi- tectural types. While these designs, wherever found, represent the simple and austere living of those who were wresting a livelihood from the reluctant soil of a new country, there was often much decorative detail used elsewhere. This found ex- pression in paneling, wainscoting, mantel and stairway decora- tion inside the house, and elaborate doorway treatment, out- side. The "Red House" is the one exception to this rule of simplicity. It was built by a man of affluence, judging by the standards of that period. For the majority of these early citi- zens, life was rugged and the necessity for shelter was para- mount. Embellishments were superfluous.
However, many specimens of early craftsmanship have been lost through the years. New owners or the younger generation often "improved," or "fixed over," the house and the old paneling, hardware, small-paned sash, and other decorative features were sacrificed to modernity. After the general acceptance of stoves at the mid-century, fireplaces were considered old fashioned and impractical; when they were re- moved, the accompanying paneling and mantels went with them. Sometimes the old woodwork was plastered over; there
292
A HISTORY OF NEW LONDON
is always a chance that old paneling may be revealed under the present interior finish. In the Crockett Homestead, the entire inside walls of two bedroom closets are made of fine old paneled pine. This cast-off material was at hand when a reno- vation was in progress. More often, sad to say, the old wood was completely destroyed.
Classic Revival homes
The influence of the Classic Revival in architecture in the early 1800's elsewhere became apparent here about 1825. We find three excellent examples of this type in the homes of Thomas Wistar, Jr. (No. 91), Clement Lovering (No. 107) and Myron R. Adams (No. 108). These houses built probably between 1824-1840 bear a strong resemblance to one another. The extremely broad gable facing the street gives room for a central hallway arrangement with fireplaces and a brick oven in the rear of one of the two chimneys. In the interior these were really a miniature of some of the larger homes of the period. The one ornate specimen of this type is the Richard H. Messer house in Elkins now owned by Maude F. Swift (No. 66). It is very spacious in all its details and has imposing columns supporting the overhanging second floor gable. Several additional homes on our list which show this Classic influence externally were built too late to include fireplace details and so contain few features of special interest.
Early saw-mills
For the first few years, the pioneers lived in cabins, made of logs or rough plank. However by the time they were ready to build their permanent dwellings, they had the benefit of some lumber sawed rather than hewn. The old hardwood timbers in many of our present homes reveal the marks of the "up and down" saws used in the early mills.
Available water power determined the location for the three industrial centers of the community. Saw mills together with grist mills were built by the following pioneer indus- trialists: Levi Harvey at the outlet of Harvey (Clark) Pond
293
NEW HAMPSHIRE, 1900-1950
(Hominy Pot) soon after 1780; Eliphalet Gay at the foot of Pleasant "Pond" (Elkins) in 1790; and Amasa Sargent at "Goosehole," (Otterville) in 1812.
Sources of granite
Two sources of granite for the foundations, chimney sup- ports, hearthstones and doorsteps of our early houses were the quarries on King's Hill and the Pingree-Granger Farm on Pleasant St. The largest specimen of early quarrying which has come to the writer's attention is a granite slab, twenty- three feet long by three and one half feet wide, found on the Colby Homestead property and recently moved to serve as an approach to the NW entrance of the house.
Early brick-yards
We have a record of several early brick yards. In 1800 John Dole built a kiln on his farm on Morgan Hill. He sold brick to Springfield (N. H.). There were brick in the chimney of the "Lower Putney House" (No. 120) marked "82-1800" and "96-1800". Ebenezer Sargent had his own brickyard in back of his home (No. 117). The Walter S. Bucklin home (No. 118) is constructed of brick, made of clay from the farm and burned in this yard. Stephen Sargent also had a kiln before 1800 on his farm (Murray Sargent place).
The old bricks were rough and uneven and not of uni- form size. Some appear to be of a pinkish color and are soft and crumbly. Others were burned and showed black after being laid with the contrasting reds. The old mortar was made of lime and sand. Some stone supports and other stone work was laid dry, with lime only.
"Raising" of house frames
The "raising" of a house frame was a significant occasion for the family of the builder and owner; it was also a com- bination of a cooperative effort and a social celebration for the whole community. A few details of the procedure on such occasions give us an even greater understanding of and ad- miration for the skill and strength of those rugged forefathers
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A HISTORY OF NEW LONDON
of ours who followed a definite routine whenever one of these houses was started. A vast amount of work had been done in preparation for the "raising day"; the cellar had been dug, the stone foundation laid, and each piece of hardwood timber, handhewn with broad-axe and adze had been cut to the re- quired size. These heavy timbers were commonly eight inches square or eight by twelve inches. In the largest buildings, twelve by twelve were used. The posts were long enough to reach the height of two stories, if that was the type of house to be built. For a central chimney design, two rooms deep, twelve corner posts were required; sills, connecting girts, beams, and wall plates were all to be joined together to com- plete the frame. The ends of each of these timbers had to be fashioned so that the mortise and tenon could be joined and locked with wooden pegs. In the Seamans-Walter attic may be seen an example of bracing of the frame which was done for added stability.
In preparation for the actual "raising", the timbers which were to comprise one wall of the house were assembled on the ground and fitted into place. When the moment arrived, the men, standing shoulder to shoulder, each with a spike tipped pole some sixteen feet long, pushed up the frame for one section of the house. At the same time, others steadied it from the opposite direction and still others secured it into its proper position. No wonder the "raisings" were a commun- ity event!
Paneled doors and doorways
The paneled door designs which at first were a part of the wall decoration came to be standardized as to number and arrangement of panels. The two, three, four and five-panel types are said to be more common in the central chimney houses and the six panels in the central hallway type. While our few houses of the later type conform in this matter of six- panel doors on the first floor at least, we find in our more numerous homes of central chimney origin, four and six
295
NEW HAMPSHIRE, 1900-1950
panels and often both used in the same house. A few unique five-panel doors have been found, notably in the Stanley (No. 28), Gray (No. 36) and Cricenti (No. 121) homes, and five horizontal panels in the front door at Mrs. Fred Farwell's (No. 31). Two seven-panel doors with different effects serve as front entrances at the homes of Bradley Dewey (No. 27) and Elizabeth Nichols (No. 103). A most spectacular front entrance at the Edmunds home (No. 38) includes a door with nine panels forming two double crosses.
The most common of our beautiful old paneled doors are the six panel type, called by various names as "Christian," "Holy Cross," and "Witch," because of the cross effect created by the panel arrangement and the superstition that this design would keep away witches. One of these at the Trussell House is paneled on the outside and reinforced inside by a batten door, hung by strap hinges, twenty-five inches long.
The simple transom effect over many of the old doorways represents a very early method of letting light into the small entrance hall. This was the forerunner of the more decorative elliptical fanlight of which we have no original examples. Side lights are common in our homes built or rebuilt after 1825. The "cathedral door" at the Spence home (No. 89) re- flects the Classic influence of the 1850's.
Old hardware and sources of iron
A few examples of very early hand wrought hardware are found in older homes: large strap hinges for outside doors, H and HL hinges for interior doors, an occasional Suffolk type handle and latch, of bean or heart design, and a few Norfolk latches. However, most of these old pieces of early craftsmanship were replaced by butt hinges and the common Blake patent latches of cast iron.
Possible sources of iron from which the early "smithy" made door accessories, fireplace utensils and footscrapers were the mines and iron works in Exeter, N. H. as early as 1791 and Franconia, N. H. from 1811-1865.
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A HISTORY OF NEW LONDON
Types and sources of old window glass
The intricate method of early glass manufacture explains the small size of the window panes and the wavy, iridescent, and bullseye effects. These were considered defects at the time, but today make them much sought after and treasured by those who find them in their possession. The glass for the twelve over twelve, twelve over eight, nine over six and six over six sash probably came from the Boston Crown Glass Co. before 1812 and after that date from one of the two glass houses in Keene, N. H. which were in operation up to 1850. Suncook also produced glass from 1839-1850.
Location of early homes
References have been made by writers on old houses to the fact that they were usually built to face the south. It ap- pears in our Town that all the homes, numbering from ten to twelve, built before 1810, on the present Main Street, from Crockett's Corner to Bucklin Corner, faced the southwest, many of them with the barn across the road.
In considering the location of the earliest homes, it is noticeable that the builders of many of them chose high ground for their sites; the name of the original pioneer con- tinuing to designate the particular hill on which they located: namely, King, Hazelton (Davis), Burpee, Messer (Knight), Colby, Bunker and Morgan.
Final Thoughts
In addition to these charming old homes on our list, there are at least twenty additional houses of this early period which have been destroyed, many of them by fire, during the last half century. It is our hope that these remaining homes may continue to grace our town for generations to come.
Bibliography for Above Sketch
Chamberlain, Samuel, Open House in New England, New York, 1948.
Congdon, Herbert W., Old Vermont Houses: The Architecture of a Resourceful People, Brattleboro, Vt., 1940.
DETAILS (continued) Fireplace at the Bucklin House
Window Frame at the Tracy Memorial Building
Door Frame at the Bucklin House
DETAILS (continued) The Front Rooms at the "Red House," in 1950 owned by Dr. Joseph M. Clough
DETAILS (continued) The Front Rooms at the "Red House," in 1950 owned by Dr. Joseph M. Clough
L
LEGEND
CHURCH
NUMBERED HIGHWAYS
SCHOOL
OTHER ROADS
PUBLIC BUILDING
- TRAILS
CEMETERY
BROOKS
HISTORIC LANDMARK
YOUTH CAMP
GOLF COURSE
SCALE
LIGHTHOUSE
1/2
ONE MILE
SKI TOW
WILMOT
HOSPITAL
SUMMER THEATER
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PUBLIC SCHOOL 11
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Morgan Hill
Bunker Hill
1.
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POST OF
BAPTIST CHURCH
TOWN
GARAGE
119
120
Blueberry Mt.
ENLARGED MAP OF THE CENTER OF
NEW LONDON
SUNAPEE
1
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Little Brook
CAMP WALLULA
COLBY TOWN CAMPDE
Sunapeez
118
16
Litt
117
15
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Bucklin Corner
115
KEARSAGE
Preston Hull
25
CAMP TONAWANDA
85
14
26
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Burpee Hull
121
Davis Hill
27
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N.L. SKI TOW
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NEW LONDON NEW HAMPSHIRE
1950
NEWBURY
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BY JRY COLLEGE
SPRINGFIELD
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48
MASONIC HALL
28 30 32
29 31
85 84
297
NEW HAMPSHIRE, 1900-1950
Kelly, J. Frederick, Early Domestic Architecture of Connecticut, New Haven, 1924.
Lord, Myra B., A History of the Town of New London, N. H., 1779- 1899, Concord, 1899.
McKearnin, George and Helen, American Glass, New York, 1948. Mixer, Knowlton, Old Houses of New England, New York, 1927.
Rawson, Marion Nicholl, Sing, Old House, New York, 1934.
Shurtleff, Harold R., The Log Cabin Myth: A Study of the Early Dwellings of the English Colonists in North America, Cambridge, Mass., 1939.
Swank, James M., History of Manufacture of Iron in All Ages from Colonial Times to 1891, Philadelphia, 1892.
Waring, Janet, Early American Stencils on Walls and Furniture, New York, 1937.
Williams, H. L. and O. K., Old American Houses and How to Restore Them (1700-1850), New York, 1946.
3. A List of the Old Houses of New London
Key to architectural types in the subjoined list:
"A" - Cape Cod "B" - Northern Early American "C" - Simple Georgian "D" - Classic Revival "V" - Variant
No. Present Owner
First Owner
Date Of Erection
Original Owner Type 1858
Owner 1898
1. Lottie M. Brown
Jonathan B.
cir. 1837
A Jewett S.
Alston
Haynes
Haynes
W. Brown
2. Frank Roberts Heirs
John Williams
pre-1816
A Newton Manahan
Frank Roberts
3. Mrs. Fred A. Todd
Samuel
pre-1800
B
James Todd
Edward A. Todd
4. Murray W. Caldwell
William Morgan
1829
A William
Belden
Morgan
Morgan
5. Mrs. Fred W. Knowlton
Ezekiel
pre-1800
B
Mrs. Samuel S. Nathaniel
Knowlton
Knowlton
Knowlton
6. Frederick F. Simpson
David Gile
Probably pre-1800
A Charles Jewett
Mrs.
Nathaniel
Knowlton
7. Evelyn M. Pond Jedediah
Probably
Jewett, Jr.
1825-1840
A James M. Jewett
Horace Hurd
· Brocklebank
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A HISTORY OF NEW LONDON
No. Present Owner
First Owner
Erection
Type
1858
Owner 1898
8. William R. Cordingley Heirs
Thomas
pre-1800
A John Currier
Maria Whitney
9. B. LeRoy Davis
Edmund Davis
pre-1800
A Benjamin C. Davis
Benjamin C. and Charles G. Davis
10. Robert L. Simpson
Peter Sargent, Jr.
pre-1800
A W. W. Hill
Benjamin Merrill
11. Mrs. Joseph Simpson
Anthony
pre-1800
A Amos Page
Sargent
Frank P. Jewett Robert L. Davis Edwin F. Hastings Edmund
12. Freda H. Goings
Amos Hastings
Probably 1854
A Amos Hasting
13. Ellen D. Hoge
Daniel March
cir. 1800
A Abigail
(March) and
Aaron Young
Davis 3rd Arthur W. Holmes
14. Ellen D. Hoge
A J. Messer
Augustus E. Preston
15. Jack I. Grow
James Hutchins, Jr.
pre-1830
Probably A William M. Dowling
Berton S. Preston
16. Frank H. Newton Jonathan C. Bugbee
cir. 1836
A Jonathan C.
Bugbee
J. M. Davis
17. Eva P. Rollins
John Page
cir. 1825
A John W. Taylor
John W. Taylor
18. Hiram A. Eastman
cir. 1825
19. Roger N. Butler
Moses Harvey
Probably cir. 1825
A
Probably
Joshua D.
Hemphill
20. Mrs. B. S. Chandler
John Chadwick cir. 1825
A Robert Davis
Jonathan S. George George H. Eastman
Richard
23. Arthur W. Heath Nathan Fitts 1935
24. Mrs. Victor M. Cutter
Isaac Messer 1830
25. Harold E. Messer Enoch Messer
cir. 1825
A Enoch Messer
Burke M. Whitney
Burke M. Whitney
26. Stephen W. Phillips Jr. 27. Bradley Dewey John Williams, Jr. Nathaniel Fales
John Williams pre-1816 A Richard G. Cross Ebenezer H. Adams
pre-1812 Moved
probably 1820-1830
Joshua D.
Hemphill
Edwin F. Goings Mrs. Sanford Fisher
21. Gladys S. Hoag
Carr Buswell pre-1843
Timothy H.
Quimby
22. Stephen Phillips Jacob Worthen
cir. 1823
A Thomas S. Worthen Morgan A Benjamin F. Messer Mrs. John M. Messer A Isaac Messer Nathaniel Messer Frank P. Messer
Probably
Date Of Original Owner
Currier
NEW HAMPSHIRE, 1900-1950
299
No. Present Owner
First Owner
Date Of Erection
Type
1858
Owner 1898
28. Emma I. and Horace C. Stanley
Nathaniel S.
pre-1800
B Jonathan Russell
Benton M. and Frank M. Stanley
29. Bradley Dewey
David Towle
1830
A David Towle
Newton L. Sargent
30. Charles R. E. Gay
Thomas Burpee
Probably 1820-1830
A Benjamin P. Burpee
Ai Worthen
31. Mrs. Fred Farwell
Probably
Probably
A H. Marshall
Fred Farwell
Horatio Fales
1820-1830
Fales
32. Henry M. Stanley Thomas Burpee for son Moses
cir. 1823
A Moses Burpee
William S. Carter
33. John S. Graham Asa Burpee
Probably pre-1800
A H. Sargent
Katie
Whittemore
34. Watson B.
Johnston
Stephen Davis
pre-1825
A Stephen Davis
George Hayes
35. Laurids T. Lauridsen
Samuel Messer
pre-1800
BV George M. Knight
George M. Knight
36. Harold F. Gray
William Lee 1842
A William Lee
Frank C. Morse
37. Dorothy G. Boyne Jesse Dow Elizabeth Griffin
pre-1800
A Daniel Bickford
Daniel
Bickford
38. Edwin F. Edmunds Trayne
Marshall
cir. 1827
C Ephraim G. Hastings
J. Smiley Bohanan
39. Andrew Sprague William Clark
1810-1825
A Elias Davis
George H. A. Williams
40. Edward A. Todd Benjamin
pre-1800
Probably
George H. A. Williams
41. George D. Graves, Jr.
Probably
Probably
V Reuben M. Call
J. Franklin P. Call
42. Charles S. Horton "Old Red
1804 Moved probably Ralph H. Keil 1858-1860
Schoolhouse"
43. Earl E. Rowe
Edward Ide
Probably pre-1820
A Wyman P. Kimball
David Smith
44. Francis and
Job Seamans
1790
C Luther
Christopher
Thelma Walter
McCutchins
C. Gardner
45. Dr. Anna and Ira S. Littlefield
Benjamin M. Clement
1796-1797
AV Stephen Messer
Littlefield
46. Vaughn Biggert
Isaac Bunker
Probably 1840-1850
George R. McFarland
47. Grace Wade and John J Sargent Vesta M. Free- man
Probably 1820-1830
AV John J. Sargent
Mrs. Maria Bunker
48. Grace Wade and John Sargent Vesta M. Freeman
1800-1810
C George W. Sargent
George W. Sargent
Woodbury A C. Burpee
Richard Maybery
pre-1800
Seth
D Isaac Bunker
Original Owner
Messer
300 No.
Present Owner
First Owner
Erection
Date Of Original Owner Type 1858
Owner 1898
49. Louis J. Kroutil
John D. Woodward
cir. 1834
A David Baldwin. Stephen J.
and Edward A. Dean
50. Harold P. Snow
Joseph G. Woodward
cir. 1835
A Joseph G. Woodward
Solon Cooper
51. Frank McCauley Caleb Segur
pre-1800
A W. Bennett
William A. and Evarts Messer
52. George Cote
Solomon Adams, Jr.
1824
A Joseph Adams
Archie A. Hayes
53. Herbert S. Hayes Jeremiah Pingree, Jr.
1624
A Nathan Dole and Charles Pingree
Charles Pingree James F. Hayes
54. Mrs. Albert F. Jaques
Jeremiah, Jr. and Asa Pingree
pre-1800
A Asa Pingree
Walter
Pingree
55. Lee N. Booth
John King
cir. 1815 A
Mason W.
Emery
56. Elizabeth G. Benson
D. Lorden
Probably
cir. 1855
57. Maxwell S. Campbell
Isaac Bunker
Probably
A William Whittier
William C.
Nye
58. Frederic E. Everett
cir. 1840
59. Rufus E. Lamson Jonathan G. Everett
cir. 1840
D Jonathan G. Everett
Everett Messer
60. Maude F. Swift
Scythe Mfg.Co.
1835-1840
A Scythe Mfg. Company
Mrs. B. J. Colby Herbert B. Swett
62. Maude F. Swift
Scythe Mfg.Co.
1835-1840
A Scythe Mfg. Company A Scythe Mfg. Company
Mrs. Florence Loverin
63. Maude F. Swift Scythe Mfg.Co.
1835-1840 AV Scythe Mfg. Company
Moses A. Fellows
64. Doris H. Phillips Scythe Mfg. Co.
1835-1840
A Joseph E. Phillips AV Scythe Mfg. Company
66. Maude F. Swift
Richard H. Probably
Messer
cir. 1850
67. Roy E. Emery
pre-1835
A Samuel Greenwood
68. Bertha W. Bedard Eugene O'Neil
cir. 1835
69. Will Sanborn Heirs Jr.
Eliphalet Gay,
cir. 1836 B Eliphalet Gay, Jr.
D Richard H.
Messer
Charles C. Phillips Eugene F. Adams Mrs. Richard O. Messer Mrs. Horace Morey
65. Morton E. Walker Scythe Mfg. Co.
1835-1840
V D. Lorden
61. Maude F. Swift
Scythe Mfg.Co.
1835-1840
1830-1840
Probably
D Sarah Cheney John Jones
moved 1813
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