USA > New Hampshire > Atlas of the state of New Hampshire : including statistics and descriptions of its topography, geology, river systems, climatology, railroads, educational institutions, agricultural and botanical productions, mechanical and manufacturing interests, etc. > Part 2
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FEET
Ridge between Lake Magalloway and Third Jake, . 2917
M. Abbott (Kent), estimated,
. 2800
Mt. Carmel,
. 3711
Two miles south of Second lake,
2030
Magalloway mountain (est.)
2600
Ridgo (est.)
2500
Mt. Pisgah, 2897
1723
Near Diamond ponds, Stewartstown, Dixville notch,
- 1858
Tablo rock,
2164
Peak in Erving's Location,
3156
Divide between Nash and Sims strenms,
1715
Milan summit, G. T. R.,
1087
Pond of Safety, Randolph,.
1973
Randolph mountain, Randolph, 3013
Divide between Moose and Israel's rivers, Randolph, . Mt. Madison, 5365
1446
Gap between Madison and Adams, 4912
Mt. Adams, . 5794
Vig. 1. RAVINES ON MT. WASHINOTON, FROM THOMPSON'S FALLS.
The deep valley on the left is Tuckerman's ravine. Huntington's ravine, the head of Peabody river, lies back of a low, woody ridge terminating just behind the prominent spruce tree in the centre of the foreground. The tops of the ridge back of Huntington's ra- vine, and the one to the extreme left, mark the edge of the 5,000 feet plateau about Mt.
TOPOGRAPHY.
7
Height in ft :
Height in f.
Gap between Adama and Jefferson, . Mt. Jefferson,
. 4039
Mt. Madison,
5365
Rattlesnake hill, Concord.
Stewart's peak, Warner, .
1800
Gap between Jefferson and Clay,
. 4979
MIt. Pleasant,
4764
Croydon mountain, Croydon,
9789
Mt. Clay,
5553
Mt. Clinton,
5417
Mt. Jackson,
.
4000
North Putaey hill, Hopkinton,
.
Fort mountain, Epsom, . .
.
1690
Mt. Monroe,
5384
Wildcat mountain,
4350
Little Monroe. W. S. W. of Monroe, Mt. Franklin,
4904
Mt. Carter, south peak,
4702
Mt. Ascutaey, Windsor, Vt.,
3180
Bean hill, Northfield,
1515
Lovell's mountain, Washington,
2487
Mt. Crawford.
3134
Mt. Clinton,
4320
Mt. Jackson,
4100
Mt. Wobster,
4000
White Mountain notch,
1914
Mt. Willard (est.)
2570
Mt. Field,
4070
Divide between East Branch and New Zealand river, . 2123 Twin Mountain, 4920
Gap (est.)
3000
Huystack,
4500
Mt. Lafayette,
5259
Franconia notch,
2014
Profile mountain, .
3850
Valley (cat.)
. 2850
Mt. Kinsman.
4200
Mt. Blue,
4370
Woodstock notch (ost.)
1655
Moosiluuke,
4811
Oliverian notch, B. C. & M. R. R., .
1083
Webster Slide mountain, Warren
2210
Rout over Ore hill, Warren,
1542
Piermont mount., Piermont (est.), 2500
Water-shed south-east of Indian pond, Orford, 1100
Mt. Cuba, Orford,
2927
Gap between Rocky pond, Wentworth, and Quinttown, Orford (est.), 1438
Smart's mountain, Dorchester (est.), 2500
Dorchester valley, lowest point (est.),
1250
Ridge east of Dorchester, Canaan valley, 9137
Hoyt hill, Orange (est.),
MOUNTAINS IN PEMIGEW ASSET.
Orange summit, N. B. R., .
990
Ford Hill, Grafton,
1800
Prescott hill, Grafton (est.),
1700
Aaron's ledge, Springfield (est.),
1800
Divide in road from Springfield to Gratton (est.),
1600
High land to the south-east (est.) 1750
Divide iu road near Mud pond, Springfield, 1383
Col. Sanborn hill (est.), 1000
Divide between Littlo Sunapee and Pleasant pond, New London (ost.).
1300
New London,
1355
Between New London and Sunapee lake, lowest point,
1200
N. W. corner of Sutton (est.)
1700 1260
Ground above railroad cut,
1181
Lowest natural ground 400 feet south of summit, Sunapee mountain,
2683
Ridge west of Washington village,
1463
Surnuit on Forest rond survey.
1500
Stoddard, Coast Survey station,
2170
Hurrisville, railroad summit level 1965
Mt. Monadnock,
3186
Kidder mountain, .
1492
Barrett's mountain,
1847
Ashburnham summit,
COOS COUNTY
Mount Dustin, College Grant, 2575
Half moon mountain, College Grant,
2526
Mt. Ingalls, Shelburne,
2520
Hampshire hills, Cambridge, 1682 2141
Randolph mountain, Randolph,
3043
. 1032
Burrett hill, Greenville, 1971
Bald mountain, Antrim, 2039
Puck Monadnock, Peterboro,' 2289
18-17
Uncanoonuc, east peak, Goffstown,
. 1333
Pilot mountain, 38-10
Mt. Starr King, 3800
Peak in Erving's Location,
2786
Kilder mountain, New Ipswich,
1402
Temple mountain, Temple, 1755
Monadnock, Jaffrey, 3186
Mt. Pitcher, Stoddard, $170
Bald hill, Gilsum,
1184
Duncan bill, Hancock,
2008
Sugarloaf, Stratford, (est.),
3470
Gunstock, C. S. station 2394
2062
Gilmanton peak, 1479
Blue mountain, Strafford, 1151
Mt. Adams,
Mt. Jefferson,
5714
Sunset hill, Center Harbor,
885
Mt. Clay.
Mit. Monroe,
5384
Bald Mink hill, Warner,
1523
Craney hill, Henniker,
.
.
4320 Melvin hill, Springfield, .
8234
Gap between Clay and Washington, MII. Washington, .
6393
Mt. Webster,
Gap between Washington and Monroe, Lake of the Clouds,
5009
Mt. Deception,
Mo Koy's monntain, Epsonı,
.
Mt. Kenrsarge, Warner,
9043
Gap botween Franklin and Pleasant,
4400
Mt Pleasant,
4764
Mt. Royec, Beun's Parchese,
.
2600
GRAFTON COUNTY,
Moose mountain, Innover, 2326
Mt. Cuba, Orford,
2937
Prospect mountain, Holderness, 2072
3158
Bristol peak, Bristol,
1785
Table mountain, 8 mllos S. S. E. front Hart's Lodge, Mt. Israel; Sandwich,
9880
Grent Moose mountain, Brookflek,
1404
Cropple Crown, Brookfield,
9100
Mt. Chocorna, ,
3540
Mt. Peqhawket .
3951
Red hill, south peak,
1769
Red hill, north penk,
$038
Ossipee mountain,
9361
Green hills, Conway,
2330
'Tin mountain, Jackson,
1650
Mt. Buldface, Juckson,
3000
Danble Hend, Jackson,
3120
Iron mountain, Bartlett,
2000
Moto mountain, Albany
3200
Moto mounlaîn, south peak,
9700
Height of Villages in ft. ubove the ocean.
Portsmouth, 48 Bradford, 0,0
Exeter
Concord. 909
Northwood,
500 Acworth,
1397
Deerfield,
494 Meriden,
Newton,
150
Cluremont,
507
Greenville,
803
Newport,
59
Eust Wilton,
330 Hanover,
Peterborough,
741 Plymouth,
473
North Weare,
489 Haverhill,
710
Amherst,
300 Littleten,
Nuahun,
150 Orford,
439
Manchester,
317 North Conway,
1150 Jacksoll,
769
East ,laffray,
1032 Upper Bartlett,
600
Stoddard,
1412 Sandwialı,
648
Walpole,
365 Whitefield.
057
Hurrisville,
1334 Lancaster,
870
Rochester,
226 Gorhını,
723
Salmon Falls,
107
Berlin Falla,
1035
Great Falls,
178 Stark,
Farmington, 300 Colebrook, 1030
Sanbornton Square,
030 North Stratford, 015
Tilton,
478 West Stewartstown, 1055
001
Pittsfield,
620 Crawford House,
Franklin,
343 Glen House,
1639
ilonniker, 455 Profilo IIonse, 1074
VI, COAST SLOPE. This greatly resembles the lower Merrimack country, It starts from the mountainous ridge bordering the Lake District on the south, and is bounded westerly by the Merrimack river basin. The northerly boundary consists of the following eminences, running in an easterly direction : Mt. Bet, Mt. Holly, Cropple Crown mnoun. tain, and Birch Hill, with tho Rattlesnake inountains for foot hills in New Durham ; the Great Moose, Bakl, Hall, and Parker's mnoun- tains in Middleton. The range is cut through by Fellow's branch of the Salmon Falls river in Wakefield (Union Village) ; and the hills to the east, in Milton, are low.
In general, it may be stated that the en. tire northerly and westerly borders of this district, as represented upon the inap, are the lines of highest elevation, or the rim-edge of a basin, which slopes gently towards the ocean, having miscellaneous ridges and isola- ted peaks scattered at random over its sur- face.
The Isles of Shoals belong to the coast
Little Monroe,
5714
Mit. Franklin,
4904
·
.
.
9683
.
H58
Cherry mountain, (approx'ly)
3670
1499
Ragged mountaln, Andover,
Mt. Carter, north peak,
4830
Gap between Pleasant and Clinton, .
4050
Mt. Resolution,
3400
Giuut's Stairs,
3500
Trimountain,
3393
Silver Spring mountain, (est),
3000
Green's Cliff,
9958
Ford hill, Grafton,
1600
Stiuson mountain, Rumney,
9707
Mt. Lafayette, Franconia,
5250
Bear mountain,
Owl's Head, Benton,
2992
Moosilauke mountain, Benton,.
4811
Sugarloaf, Benton,
9565
Penked hill, Bethlehem,
2043
Gilmanton hill, (summit between Franconia and Littleton,
1329
Campton mountain, Campton,
2870
Buldtop mountain, Wentworth, 2050
Piermont mountain, Piermont,
2167
MOUNTAINS IN WATERVILLE.
Welch mountain,
3500
Mt. Whiteface,
4007
Tripyramid, four ponks from south to north
4000
Mt. Passneonnaway,
4200
.
.
4307
Black mountain, " Sandwich Dome,"
3900
Mt. Hancock, Pemigowasset peak,
.
.
4490
Mt. Carrigain,
east spur,
Mt. Nancy,
Mt. Lowell, Brickhouse mountain,
3850
Penk between Mounts Naney and Lowell, Bond, Mt. Willey,
4300
Highest peak of Willey chain,
4330
Mt. Field,
4070
Echo mountain, Guyot,
3170
Twin mountain,
4020
Two peaks south of Twin,
$ 4900 ₹ 4800
Mt. Flume, 4500
Mt. Liberty, 4500
5101
Mt. Kinsman, (about),
1200
Blue mountain, (highest of the Kinsmau range), 4370
3850
MOUNTAINS IN WAHREN.
Mt. Black, 3571
Mt. Kinco,
3.127
Mt. Cushman, 3320 .
3020
Mt. Mist,
2213
Webster Hale mountain,
2010
Mt. Sentinel,
2033
Curr's mountain.
3520
MISCELLANEOUS MOUNTAINS.
Mt. Pawtuccaway, Nottingham, middle summit, Saddleback mountain, Northwood,
892
South Peak, Kilkenny, 3827
3777
Green's Ledge, Kilkenny,
2708
Jewell hill, Whitofield,
1467
Mt. Pisgah, Clarkesville, 2997
Crotched mountain, Francestown,
.
Symmes hill, Hancock
1317
Mt. Lyon, Northumberland,
2735
Percy peak, South, Stratford,
3336
Perey peak, North, 3140
1950
Chickwalnipy, Success,
1400
South hill, Stewartstown, (about), Mt. Carmel, 3711
2000
Mt. Belknap,
Mt. Washington,
6293
579-
Wadleigh's bill, Meredith, 860
Blue mountain, Milton, .
1415
5204 .
1420
.
4653
Sunapee mountain, Newbury,
4100
5100
5204
Mt. Morialı,
Mt. Cardigan, Orange,
3305
Squam mountain, Holderness, 2162
( 4100
1100
Divide in road from Orange to Groton (est.) . 1600 1700
4678
.
4419
3800
Fitzwilliam,
4000
Dover,
72 Shelburne,
979
Chalk pond divide, Newbury (est.) .
1161
Mt. Lincoln,
Meredith Village,
5-12 Grovolon.
Mt. Caunon ( Profile) (approx),
1084
Mt. Waternomee,
Sonth spur of Hampshire hills, Cambridge,
Long mountain, Odell and Stark,
Barrett mountain, New Ipswich, #
2060
New Ipswich,
914 Lohanon,
Mt. Osceola,
3-100
9449
Height in ft.
Mt. Forist, Berlin,
5553
8
TOPOGRAPHY.
slope, heing remnants of land that may for- merly have heen connected with the conti- nent. As they are little elevated ahove the tide, most of the loose materials have been washed away hy the severe north-east storms occurring off our coast. I found on Star Isl- and houlders that had heen derived from the main land thirty or forty miles distant.
TOPOGRAPHICAL MAPS OF THE STATE.
One of the first essentials to a knowledge of the natural resources of a state is an ac- quaintance with its topographical features in relation to population. The position of villages, mountains, roads, streamns, lakes, etc., must be known before any kind of im- portant commercial transactions can he ef- fected.
The first known map of the state was ed- ited hy Joseplı Blanchard and Samuel Lang- don, and published at Portsmouth in 1761.
In 1773 and 1774, Capt. Samuel Holland made a survey of the province at the public expensc. Owing to the disturbances, which commenced immediately afterwards, the map was not engraved till 1784, in London, and hy the dircetion and at the expense of Paul Wentworth, Esq. Belknap says of it, in the third volume of his history, hcaring date of 1792, in the preface: " Thoso parts which were actually furnisbed hy Holland, or his assistants, are laid down with great accuracy. The eastern houndary line and the parts con- nected with it were not surveyed, hut taken from such materials and information as could at that time he collected." Belknap has compiled a smaller map from Holland's for his work, upon which he placed a few im- provements, including the straight line finally agrced upon hy the assomhly to take the place of tho conspicuous " Masonian curve," ap- pearing hoth upon Holland's and Carrigain's map.
The following is the title of the map upon its face :
A TOPOORAPHICAL MAP OF THE STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE: Surveyed under the Di- rection of Samuel Holland, Esq., Surveyor General for the Northern District of North America ; hy the following Gentlemen, his Deputies : Mr. Thomas Wright, Mr. George Sproule, Mr. James Grant, Mr. Thomas Wheeler and Mr. Charles Blaskowitz. Lon- don : Printed for William Faden, Geographer to the King. Charing Cross, March first, 1784.
CARRIGAIN'S MAP. The legislatures of 1803 and 1805 directed
that a map of the state should he compiled under the direction of the secretary of state, Philip Carrigain, from town surveys returned to the secretary's office. The map was made by joining together numerous separate sur- veys of townships made by different engi- neers, and consequently of variable value. It was not publislied till 1816.
The following is the title of it.
NEW HAMPSHIRE. By recent survey made under the Supreme Authority and published according to law hy Philip Carrigain, Coun- cillor at Law and late Secretary of State. To His Excellency Jobn Taylor Gilman, Esq., and to the Honorahle the Legislature of New Hampshire, this map commenced under their auspices and matured hy their patronage is most respectfully inscrihed hy their obliged servant, Philip Carrigain. Concord, 1816.
Connected with this title is a large colored vignette, six hy ten inches in dimensions. The title is inscrihed upon the side of a shield- like cliff, with evergreens upon its summit, and an eagle feeding her young. Behind are several very high mountain peaks. On the left is a large cataract adjacent to the Willey House, and a hunter shooting at a moose on the border of a lake,-perliaps Winnipise- ogee. On the right seems to he the ocean lead- ing out of Portsmouth harhor, with a tower on an island, large ships, and a long arched hridge leading to Portsmouth. Ncarer to the front is an extensive canal lock, and peo- ple engaged in agricultural operations,- ploughing and fishing. Directly in front of the title shield are miscellaneous objects, as cannon, the state insignia, rolls, haskets, etc. The name of the state is written in very large letters over the vignette, and the dedication is placed heneath. Three side sketches are the gap of the White Mountains, view of the Great Boar's Head with Hampton Beach, and the White Mountains from Shelburne.
The general appearance of the map is a great improvement over Holland's, having heen engraved upon copper. The mountains, rivers, and various houndary lines are given with much greater precision.
IMPROVEMENTS INCORPORATED INTO THE MAP.
Survey of the northern houndary hy the United States government, in accordance with the treaty of 1842. Noticed upon pages 21, 171.
Operations of the United States Coast Sur- vey south-east of a line from Mt. Washing- ton to Mt. Monadnock.
Triangulation of several points under the direction of the geological survey in 1869. See full report further on.
Triangulation of tlie geodetic connection survey under the direction of the United States Coast Survey, E. T. Quimhy, acting as- sistant. See page 47.
County maps. From 1855 to 1860 care- ful odometer surveys wero made of every county in the state, and the results published by subscription. The scale was usually ahout an inch to the mile; and the most valuable portions of them relate to the delineation of the highways. Existing surveys of lakes, water-courses, houndary lines, railroads, and other topographical features, were made use of wherever practicahle. A map constructed simply from these odometer maps would pro- duce a new draft much superior to Carrig- ain's, for the number of surveyors is greatly reduced, and there is consequently less op- portunity for discrepancies where different plans are matched together. These surveys cost over twenty thousand dollars, and their most valuable features are retained in the new draft.
Maps of the White Mountains hy Bond, Boardman, and Guyot.
Two maps of Connecticut river.
Observations of detail hy all who have heen connected with the geological survey from tho very first. Efforts have heen made con- stantly to discover and correct every possible error, no matter how minute.
Maps of several tracts of forest land, par- ticularly of Success, Cambridge, Errol, Col- lege grant, Carlisle, Pittshurg, Bean's pur- chase, Waumhek, Hart's Location, etc. ,fur- nished hy the proprietors.
For the delineation of mountain ranges, use has been made of the facts given in the chap- ter upon Altitudes.
Numerous geographical positions deter- mined hy the Coast Survey and the Geodetic Connection Survey.
The accompanying maps show the scheme of the triangulation under the charge of Prof. E. T. Quimby, its progress thus far, and the former Coast Survey stations with which it is directly connected. The hase from which this triangulation proceeds is the line Monad- nock-Uncanoonuc. Although these results are not to he considered final, it may be re- marked that the latitude and longitude of Gunstock, as computed from the hase Mo- nadnock-Uncanoonuc, through this triangu- lation, differ from the former results of the coast survey only 00".03.
-
GEOLOGY.
BY C. HI. HITCHCOCK.
THE Geological structure of New- Hamp- shire has never been understood until very lately. The geological maps of the United States usually represent the rocks as entirely " primary " or " metamorphic," but attempt no division of them. Logan's map leaves the area uncolored altogether.
Two theories have prevailed respecting the formations of this state. The earliest supposed the granite masses to have been ejected from beneath, and to have broken apart the gneiss and slaty rocks in their progress to the surface. This view was pre- sented by Prof. O. P. Hubbard* and Dr. C. T. Jackson.+ These rocks were all supposed to he the oldest known upon the continent.
More recently the " metamorphic " theory pervaded the minds of American Geologists, and it was supposed that our formations were of the same age with the Silurian and De- vonian strata containing fossils in New- York, Pennsylvania, etc. The change called meta- morphisin was believed to have altered the character of the strata, rendering sedimenta- ry rocks crystalline, and thus ohliterating the fossils. These views were based partly upon the supposed superior position of the crystal- line schists over fossiliferous strata. No ex- tensive exploration of the rocks in New- Hampshire was ever attempted hy any advo- cates of this theory. These views prevailed from about 1840 to 1870. They were sup- ported hy Professors H. D. and W. B. Rogers, James Hall, Sir W. E. Logan, T. Sterry Hunt, J. P. Lesley, and others. In 1870 Dr. Hunt announced a change in his views.
The impossibility of explaining all the phenomena by the two preceding theories, led the author to adopt a new one. It was sug. gested partly by field studies in Massachu- setts, Maine and Vermont, and shadowed forth in the annual reports to the Secretary of State from 1869 to 1872.
In general the new views refer the great mass of our rocks to the older groups, corres- ponding to the " primary." A few slates and limestones are of Silurian age, as proved hy their contained fossils. The granites seem te have heen poured out in a fluid condition, and to have occupied depressions on the surface. We have also divided the crystalline rocks more minutely than has heen done elsewhere, and for the want of names have been obliged to invent new ones from localities within the state.
The strata seem to helong to the Lauren- tian, Atlantic, Labradorian and Huronian sys- tems of the Eozoic series,and to the Cambrian and Silurian of the Paleozoic. The Eozoic series is well represented; and as the state
must have been largely out of water during all the later periods of geological time, no intimation is given of what transpired after the time of its clevation.
It is very difficult to identify one get of crystalline rocks with another. Evidence derived from mineral structure must always be inferior in value to that afforded hy fossils. Superposition wheu very plain lies at the foundation of the structure of the paleonto- logical column, hut may he deceptive in the absence of relics of life. The basis of our theory of the stratigraphical structure rests upon superposition, or in the case of inver- sion to a study of the topographical arrange- ment of what seems to be continuous forma- tions, often so considered on account of their mineral composition.
Those who are unwilling to accept our the- ory, which has heen derived entirely from a study of the rocks in the field, must show its falsity by means of facts acquired by the same pains-taking method.
The following scheme may represent the stratigraphical columu of New- Hampshire, commencing at the bottom.
Laurentian.
{ Porphyritic gneiss,
Bethlehem group, Lake Winnipiscogee gneiss,
Atlantic.
Montalban or White Mountain sories, Franconia brecoin.
EOZOIC.
Conway granito, Albany granite.
Chocorun granite.
Labrador or Pemigcwasset.
1 Ossipyte,
Compnet feldspars, Exeter syenites.
Huronian.
Lisbon group, Lyman group, Auriferons conglomerate.
Cambrian
¿Coos group. Clay sintes, Mt. Mote conglomerate.
Silurian
§ Hoblerborg limestones, sintes, ¿ conglomerates, etc.
Alluvium.
( Glacial drift, Champlain clays, Terrace period.
THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS.
In 1839, the Legislature of New-Hamp- shire authorized a Geological and Mineralog- ical survey of the state, and in September Dr. C. T. Jackson was appointed to take charge of it. Explorations were commenced in 1840, and prosecuted for three years. Sev- eral assistants were employed, most of them serving hut a single season. J. D. Whitney, Jr., assisted hoth in the field and laboratory for the year 1841; M. B. Williams aided in the field the same year ; W. F. Channing as- sisted in the field during 1842; Ehen Baker served in the autumn and winter of 1842; John Chandler assisted in the laboratory in 1843. Dr. Jackson published the following reports.
First Annual Report, Concord, Svo. 101 pp., I+11. Second Annual Report, Concord, Svo. 8 pp .. INI9. Final Report, Concord, 4to. 370 pp., rleven plates, IN41. Vietos and Map of Final Report reprinted, Boston, lto.20 pp., g plates. 1845,
In 1868 the Legislature authorized a new survey, to the charge of which the author was appointed. Tho assistants for the first year were G. L. Vose, now Professor of Engineer- ing in Bowdoin Collego, Me., J. Il. Hunting- tom, of Norwich, Ct., and Prof. C. A. Spely, of New York, Chemist. Prof. Vose resigned after the first year, but the others have con- tinued their connection with the survey to the present date. In 1870 Prof. A. M. Ed- wards, of New York, was appointed miere- scopist. Other gentlemen have rendered valuablo assistance as voluntocrs.
The following publications have appeared in connection with the present organization. The law provides that there shall be ouly brief annual reports, the principal details hoing reserved for the final report. The fourth title represents a book not published under state auspices, but describing lahors indirect- ly connected with the survey.
First Annual Report 12mo. 30 pp., one mop, 1879. Second Annual Report, 12mo. 37 pp., one mnp, 1869. Report for 1870, 8vo. b2 pp., 1871.
Mt. Washington in Winter, or the Experiences of n Sclon- tific Expedition upon the Highest Mountain in New England, 1870-71, 12mo., 363 pp. Boston, Chick ont Andrews, 1871. Report for 1871, 8vo. 58 pp., one mop, 1879. Report for 1872, 8vo. 15 pp., one map, 1-71.
Final Report. Vol. 1. Royal octavo, 080 pp. 54 full pago maps und illustrallons, 1874.
A sort of mineralogieal map without col- or's, was appended to Dr. Jackson's Final Report. His schemo presents seven strati- graphical distinctions, viz. 1. Granite, sienito and gneiss ; 2. Mica slate; 3. Quartz rock ; 4. Hornblende rock ; 5. Argillaccous slate ; 6. Drift ; 7. Alluvium. By means of aym- hols the following rocks and minerals lind their localities designated : Tale, limestono, tale and soapstone, peat, iron, lead, zine, tin, copper, pyrites, silver, gold, titanium, titanic iron, plumbago, beryl, mica, manganese, ar- senic and molybdena.
Our first map delineates the distribution of the formations in the Ammonoosuc gold field, using the following names: 1. Gneissic or White Mountain geries; 2. Staurolite gchists ; 3. Lower schists ; 4. Copper helt; 5. Clay slate; 6. Auriferous conglomerate ; 7. Up- per gchists. All these except the first, which lay beneath the others, were roferred to the "Quebec Group," of Logan.
The map in the Second Roport was de- signed to show the " Distribution of Gran- ite," and the " l'rogress of Triangulation," hut presents incidentally the following dis- tinctiong: 1. Gneissic or White Mountain geries ; 2. Exeter sienites ; 3. Porphyritia granite; 4. Common granito; 5. Merrimack
* American .Jour. of Sci. 1, Vol. xxxi, 1837.
t Beport an Geology of New-Hampshire.
CENOZOIC. PALEOZOIC.
Rockinghatn schists, Calciferons mien schist,
10
GEOLOGY.
group; 6. Quehee group; 7. Coos group; 8. Calciferous inica schist : 9. Clay slates.
The inap in the Report for 1871 represents tho following distinctions for the White Mountain District. 1. Porphyritic gneiss ; 2. Bethlehem gneiss; 3. Gneiss not assigned to any division ; 4. White Mountain or An- dalusite gneiss; 5. Cominon granite; 6. Trachytic granite ; 7. Brecciated granite ; 8. Norian group, felsites and syenites; 9. Clay slate and quartzite: 10. Coos group.
LAURENTIAN OR POPHYRITIC GNEISS .- AS at present understood, this seems to be the oldest formation in the state. It is an ordi- nary gneiss carrying numerous crystals of orthoclase or potash- feldspar, from a quarter of one to two inches long. Tho longer axes of the crystals are usually parallel to the atrata, and when arranged helter-skelter the rock should more properly be called granite than gneiss. In this case the granite has been derived from gneiss. Bands of common and ferruginous gneiss are associated with the porphyritic variety. The thickness and limits of the formation remain to be deter- mined.
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