USA > New Hampshire > Atlas of the state of New Hampshire : including statistics and descriptions of its topography, geology, river systems, climatology, railroads, educational institutions, agricultural and botanical productions, mechanical and manufacturing interests, etc. > Part 9
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The three last mentioned roads, which pass through the most mountainous portions of New Hampshire, lie in large part over allu- vium brought down and deposited by the streams, and have no more roek exeavation than that on portions of several other roads in the State, as the Northern, Concord & Claremont (N. H.) and Cheshire. Through the White Mountain Notch, a very narrow defile with steep mountain walls on each side, the railroad, to make a gradual aseent, lias been built for several miles high up on the side of tho valley, being at the Willey House 300 feet above the stream, yet even here there was much less of rock work than had been estimated, and an abundance of the best quality of gravel for ballast was found along the whole distance.
MT. WASHINGTON RAILWAY.
On this mountain railroad the locomotive engine is adapted to surmount the steepest gradients. A charter for this road was grant- ed in 1858, hut building was not commeneed till May, 1866. One fourth mile was com-
pleted and a very satisfactory trial of the en- gine took place Aug. 29, 1866. The road was formally opened to the public Aug. 14, 1868, extending as far as to Jacob's Ladder. It was completed in July, 1869. Its-length is two miles and thirteen sixteenths, ascend- ing 3,625 feet, making the average grade 1,290 feet to the mile. The maximum grade is 1980 feet to a mile, or 37.5 feet in 100. There are nine eurves, of radius varying from 497 to 945 feet.
The indispensible peculiarity of this rail- way is its central eog-rail, which consists of two pieces of wrought angle iron, 3 inches wide and # inch thick, placed upon their edg es parallel to each other, and connected by strong iron pins 1} inches in diameter and 4 inches apart from center to center. The teeth of the driving wheel of the engine play into the spaces between the bolts, and as it revolves the whole engine is made to move, resting on the outer rails. These are 4 feet 7 inches apart. For stopping trains and controlling their deseent, both frietion and atmospherie brakes are employed, and their complete reliability has been proved by the severest tests. The engines weigh about 6} tons and are rated at 50 horse power, but by their gearing this power is greatly in- ereased at the expense of speed, which is two miles an hour. The engine always takes the downhill end of the train, which usually eon- sists of locomotive, tender, and one ear ae- eommodating about fifty passengers.
The peenliar form of locomotive, eog-rail, and brakes used here, were the invention of Mr. Sylvester Marsh of Littleton, who com- meneed the work of building the railway, rolying chiefly upon his own private resour- ees, and little encouragement was afforded by capitalists till an engine was actually running over a portion of the route. Dur- ing the construction of this road, it was vis- ited by a Swiss engineer, who took away drawings, &e., of the machinery and track, from which a similar railway has been since built on Mt. Rhigi in Switzerland.
HEIGHTS DETERMINED BY RAILROAD SUR- VEYS IN NEW HAMPSHIRE.
The following heights, referring to the traek at stations or at summits on the line of railway, show the total grades overcome by most of the roads in the State.
Boston & Maine,
Distance
Height
above sca.
Atkinson,
30.7 miles,
57 fect,
Newton Summit,
49.9
142 "
Exetor,
50.4
=
58
Newmarket Junction,
55.7
..
52
Madbury Smumit,
03.8
116
Dover,
67.6
79 .
Salmon Falls,
7t.0 ..
107 ₫
Portamouth, Great Falls & Conway.
Distance
from Portsmouth.
Great Falls,
16.5
178 feet,
Summit at Wakefield Sta.,
49.5
690
West Ossipce.
04.7
428 "
Summit,
71.3
516
70.6 ..
466
Wolfeborough R. R.
Wolfoborengh Junction,
11 miles
from Portsmouth.
574 "
Summit,
Winniplseegce lake,
560
Nnshus & Rochester,
Distance frem Nashua.
nbeve sea
Hudson Summit,
3.8 miles.
262 feet,
Beaver Brook,
5.3 =
172
Windham Summit,
9.8
Windham Junction,
28.2
154 44
Epping
41.9
207 ₫
Rochester.
48.3
226
Conoord & Portsmouth,
Distance
from Portsmouth.
Raymond,
23 miles,
198 feet,
Caudia,
29
415
Concord R. R.
Distance
Nashua,
39 miles, 122.41 feet,
Manchester,
56
180.83 ‘
Hooksett,
66
205.39
Concord,
74
952.39
Sunoook Valley,
Distance
frem Hooksett.
Pittsfield,
19.5 miles, 493 feet
Wilton & Petsrhorough
Distance
railroads.
frem Boston.
Nashua,
39.5 miles,
134 feet,
Wilton,
55
828 4
Greenfield,
65
810 =
Manchester & North
Weare,
North Weare, 19 miles from Manchester, 489 feet,
Concord & Claremont
Distance
(N. H.)
from Concord.
Conteocook,
12 miles,
873 feet,
Hillsboro' Bridge(end of branch.) 27
27.5 -
670
Newbury Summit,
33
1130
Newport,
43
=
802
Claremont,
51
543
Claremont Junction,
56
473 "
Monadnock R. R.
Winchendon,
992 feet,
Summit in Rindge,
1127
East Jaffrey,
1032
Peterborough,
744 "
Cheshire R. R.
Distance frem So. Ashburnham.
So. Ashburnham Junc., 61 miles from Boston,
1014 feet
Fitzwilliam Summit,
18.4 miles,
1151 ‘
Keene,
31.3
479
Surry Summit,
38.3 4
830 14
Bellows Falls,
53.6
=
304 "
Sullivan County R. R.
Distance
frein Bellows Falls.
Charlestown,
8 miles,
375 feat,
Summit, 4 mile north frem Claremont Junction,
18 ,
478 "
Windsor,
25.5 ..
331 =
Northern R. R.
Distance
frem Concord.
Franklin,
10 miles,
363 feet,
Bristol, (end of branch)
32
-
369 "
Andover,
29
628 "
Danbury,
33
826 0
Orange Summit,
48
900 1
Enfield,
58
768
Lebanon,
04
510 0
White River Junction,
09
369 11
Boston, Concord &
Montreal,
Distance from Concord.
Tilton,
Aslılund Summit,
43
=
679 4
Plymonth,
51
490 4
Warren Summit,
75
1083
Wells River,
93
443
Littleton,
113
817 4
Wing Road Jonction,
120
1019
Lancaster,
134
=
870 44
Twin Mt. Station,
199
1375 14
Fabyan House,
131
1571
14
Aminonoosuc Station at base
ef Mt. Washington Ry.
140
2068 4
Summit of Mt. Washington, 143
Portland & Ogdensburg, Distance
from Portland.
Northi Cenway,
60 miles,
Upper Burtlett,
70,5 =
660 €
Summit near Crawford House,
85
4
1893 4
Connecticut river, Dalton,
109
830 44
Grand Trunk Railway,
Distance
frem Portland.
Line between Maine & N. H.
82 miles,
713 feet,
Gorham,
91
812 44
Milan Summit,
109
1087 4
Groveton Junction,
122
901
14
134
915 #1
Summit, highest between
Portland and Mentreal,
156
1385
..
44
6293 4
521 fcet,
Conway,
North Stratford,
664 "
Height
345
10.3
324
Barrington,
from Boston.
..
..
574
Bradford,
44
41
18 miles,
458 feet,
from Boston.
31
STATISTICS OF RAILROADS IN NEW HAMPSHIRE, 1876.
NAMES AND TERMINI.
Total Jength in N. H. lo molles Jo milot
Dale of Incorporation.
Dale of completion,
Col of Road & Equipments to
Annual He- colple, 1,6.
Annual Expen dicores, 1578,
Lonand to,
OFFICERS, Presidente, Superintendente and Trearater,
Koene In So. Vernon, Vt,
23.75
23
Dec. 27, 1844.
Jan , 1851.
$ 500,000.00 $
48,397.18
41,019.79 Cheshire,
Same as Cheshiro,
Boston & Maine, Boston, Muss,, to Portland, Maine.
115.51
34.75 June 27, 1835.
To Dover, Sept. 27, 1841.
10,646,836.03
2,388,740.18 1,522,561.77
Pres., N. G. White, Boston, Supt., J. T. Furber, " Trens., A. Blanchard, "
Boston, Concord & Montreal, Concord to Groveton, 145 10. Wing Rd. Jun. to base of Me. W. Ry. 21 m.
166
166.
Dec. 25, 1814,
To San. Bridge(Tilton), 1848, To Plymouth, 1850, To Wells Rivor, 1853,
3,940,000.00
693,85-1.97
Whito Mts. R. R. Pres., J. E, Lyon, Boston, 511,342,64 purch'ed by B. C. Supt, J. A. Dodge, Plymonth. & M., Ap'1 1,1873. Trens,, E. D. Harlow, Boston.
Cheshire, South Ashhurnhnn, Moms., to Bellows Falls, V1.
53.62
42.81 Dec. 27, 1844.
To Keene, May 16, 1848, To Bellows Falls, Jon. 1, 18-19.
2,689,307.66
658,264.70
635,44-1.84
Pres, E. Murdock, Jr., Wincheudon, Mo. Supt., R. Stewart, Keonn, Treas., F. W. Evorett, Boston.
Nasbua to Concord, 35 m., Hooksett to Suncook, 2 m.
37.
37.
Juno 27, 1835.
Sept, 1, 1842.
1,500,000.00
950,358.47
675,069.97
Supt, 11. E Chomberlin, Concord. Trens., N. Parkor, Manchester,
Concord & Claremont (N. H.) Concord to Claremont Junction, 56 m., Contoocook to Hillsboro Bridge, 15 m. Concord & Portsmouth.
71.
71.
Present corporation formed, 1873.
To Bradford, July 10, 1850, To Cl Junc., Sept., 1872, To Hills. Bridge, Deo., 1849.
162,848.86
122,169.13
Some na Northern.
48
48.
July 1, 1845,
To Raymond Sopt, 9, 1850, To Concord, 1852, To Manchester, Nov., 1861.
Inclu'd with Concord.
Concord, 1882, for 99 yentı.
Pres., S. Kendrick, Franklin, Treas., M. Currier, Manchaster.
Dover & Winnipiseogee, Dover to Alton Bay.
28,50
28.50 Cocheco, July 2, 1817 To Farmington, Sept, 21, 1849, D. & W. July 1, 1862. To Alton Bay, 1852.
480,000.00 Inclu'd with Bost'n & Me, Dec. 1, 1863, for Pres., W. Halo, Dovor.
Eastern. Boston, Mass., to l'ortland, Maine.
108.
16.53 June 18, 1836.
Nov. 1840.
15,097,814.03
2,787,113,25
Enatern in Muss., Pres., I. Goodwin, Portamonth, 2,045,0-10 54 Fob. 18, 1840, for Supt,, C. F. Hatch, Boston, 99 years. Trenn., J. B. Parker, Sulem, Masa.
PETERBOROUGH & SHIRLEY BRANCE. Ayer Junction, Mass., to Greenville.
23.
9.37 P. & S. R. R., Joly 8, 1846.
P. & S. R. R., Nov. 11, 1850.
1,228,641.20 1,720,524.71 1,432,700.70 Fitchhurg, Mar.
Pres., W. B. Slenrus, Boston, Supt., C. L Haywood, " Treus., M. D. Benvon,
Grand Trunk,
149.
52 Jone 30, 1847.
Feb. 8, 1853.
8,484,000 00
1,247,246.84 1,185,479.91 Ang. 5, 1853, for Sunt., J. Hickson, Montroul. 999 years.
Trens,, C. E. Barrett, Portland,
26.
22.39 Juno 30, 1847.
Nov. 13. 18-19.
1,000,000.00
179,246.28
78,550 61
Pien,, E. A. Straw, Manchester. Supt., J. W. Hildreth, Concord. Trops. G. B. Chandler, Manchuntor.
Manchester & North Weare. Manchester to North Wenre.
19
19.
N.I. C'l. June 24, 1848 Dec. 10, 1850. M. & N. W., 1859.
Inelu'd with Concord.
R. R.
Monadnock. Winchondon, Mass., to Peterborough,
16.
14.
Dec. 13, 1848 ; Revived July 6, 1866.
Jnne, 1871.
885,518.68
20,306.75
22,202.37 Gardiner, Oct. 1. Pres., J. Livingston, Poterborough
Mt. Washington, Ammonoosuc Station, or Baso, to Summit of Mt. Washington.
2.81
2.81 June 25, 1858.
July, 1868.
120,000,00
23,536.15
16,618.36
Pres., S. Matah, Littleton. Trena , J. E. Lyon, Boston.
Nashua, Acton, & Boston. Nashua to North Acton, Mass.
20.21
4.75 Jone 27, 1872.
July 1, 1873.
1,043,481.05
34,275.12
44,145.60 Concord, Jan. 1. Pres., P. B. Brigham, Boston. 1876, for 10 ys. Treas., F. D Cook, Nashun.
Nashua & Lowell, Nashua to Luwell, Mass.
14
5.25 June 23, 1835.
Dec. 25, 1838.
950,000.00
504,259.55
600,221.23
Prom., F. B. Croworoshield, Boston. Supt., W. N Parker, . Trens., T. H. Wood, Nashon.
Nashua & Rochester. Nashna to Rochester.
49.
49.
June 24, 1868.
Nov. 24, 1874.
1,702,473.63
Worc. & Nash., Same as Worcester & Nashna, 1874, for 50 ya,
Northern.
l'o Franklin, Dec. 28, 1846, To W. R. Junc, 1848. F.& B., R.R.July8, 1846 To Bristol, 1848.
3,068,400.00
503,991 86
409,734.92 ted with North'n Supt., G. E. Todd, Jon. 31, 1849. Troam,, J. Minot,
Peterborough, Wilton to Green field.
11.
11.
July 7, 1866.
Jan. 1, 1874.
568,700.00 Inclu'd with Nas, & Low'l Apr. 1, 1873, for Sajt., W. M. Parkor, Boston. 20 years. Treas , T. H. Wood, Nashua.
Portsmouth & Dover. Portsmouth to Dover. 11.
11.
July 7, 1866.
Fob. 1, 1874.
Inclu'd with Eostern,
Eastern, for 60 yenrs.
Pres., F. Jones, Portamouth, Trens, G. L. Treadwell, Portsmonth,
Ports., Great Falls & Conway, Conway Junction, South Berwick, Maine, to North Conway.
72.20
l'o Rochester, March, 1849, 69.20 Gt F.& C. June 10, 1844 To Union Village, 1855, P.Gt.F &C. Jono 30, '65 'fo No. Conway June 24, 1872.
2,000,000.00
175,729.57
150,395.12 Eastern, 1871, for 68 years.
Samo os Enstorn.
Portland & Ogdensburg. Portland, Maine, to kubyan House.
89.
38
July 6, 1867.
To Fabyan House, Aug. 7, 1875.
3,021,736,88
226,150.25
122,103.43
Prem., S. J. Andorson, Portland, Mo, Supt., J. Ilamilton, Trens., W. 11. Andorson, " .
Portland & Rochester. Portland, Maine, to Rochester.
52.50
3. Joly 2, 1866.
July 31. 1871.
1,931,420,47
159,731.17
120,271.10
= Pres., G. P. Wercott, Portland, Me. . Supt,, J. M. Lunt, Treas., W 11. Connnt, =
Sullivan County, Bellows Falls, Vt., to Windsor, Vt.
26,
25,50 July 10, 1846.
Feb. 5, 1849.
Under Cont'l Vermont.
Operated by Cen- Same as Northern tral Vt R. R.
Suncook Valley, Suncook to Pittsfield.
18.
18.
July 1, 1863.
Dec. 6, 1869.
3-11,700 00 Inelu'd with Concord.
years.
Boston & Mane,
4.50
2 25 June 30, 1868,
Jan 9, 1874.
122,958.70 Inclu'd with
. Bont'n & Mo. Apr. 1, 1874, for Pros., W. H. Haskoll, Merrimack, Maus. = 99 years. Fream., J. 8 Poyen,
Nashun to Wilton.
15.50
15,50 Dec. 28, 1844.
To Donf. Cor. (Amborst), Nov. 1, 1848, To Wilton, 1851.
234,600,00 Incin'd with
Nas. & Low'l Apr. 1, 1873, for Supt., W M. I'nrker, Boston. 20 yenta. Trens,. T. H. Wool, Nanhun.
Wolfeborough, Wolfeborough Junction, Wakofield, to Wolfeborough.
12.
12.
July 1, 1868.
Aug. 19, 1872,
300,000.00 Inclu'd with
Eastern.
Eastern, Jan. 6, Samo as Eastern,
1872, for 68 ya.
Worcester & Nashua, Worcester, Mass,, to Nashun.
45.69
6.36 June 26, 1845,
Dec. 15, 1848.
2,472,140,16
494,409.63
336,079.21
Fres., F. H. Kianicutt, Worcester, Mase. Snpt., C. S. Tniner, .
Trean. T. W. Hammond, " :
82.50
82.50 Jone 18, 1844;
F. & B. R. R. uni. Pres., O. Stearns, Concord.
Concord to White River Junction, 69} m., Franklin to Bristol, 33 in.
Owned and oper. ated by Concord Pica , P. Adams, Manchester. Treas., J. Carpentor, Pittsfield,
Boston, Barro &
1871, for 99 yn.
"Freue., C. A Parkn, Jaffrey,
Fitchhurg.
Uoited with
24, 1800.
Grond Trunk,
Prea., J. B. Brown, Portland, Mo,
ATLASTIO & ST. LAWRENCE DIVISION. Portland, Maine, to Island Pood, Vt. Manchester & Lawrence, Manchestor to Lawrence, Mass.
Pres., O. Stearns, Concord.
Portsmouth to Manchester, 41 m., Suncook to Concord, 7 m1.
Boston & Maine,
50 yenta. Troan,, G. W. Bonn, Dover.
Concord,
The above Statistics of Total Cost and of Receipta und Expenditures, are derived from the reports of the Railroad Commissionera of New Hampshire, and refer to the entire roadu, of which, in several cases, only a part is in this State.
Nosh, & Lowell. Pres, U C. Bouiwoll, Nashua.
Wilton.
Concord, March 11, 1870, for 12 Pres., S. N. Bell, Manoliestor. Trens., J A. Weston,
West Amesbury Branch, Newton to Merrimack, Mass., (formerly West Amesbury).
Nush. & Lowell, Pres . J. Scout, l'eterborough,
Ashuelot,
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS.
STATISTICS OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS. From the Annual Report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, for 1875. BY J. W. SIMONDS.
Bolknap.
Carroll.
Cheshire.
Coos.
Grafton.
Hillsboro'.
Merrimack.
Rockingham.
Strafford.
Sullivan.
TOWNS.
88
13
Towns having organized schools
11
18
$3
38
3L
DISTINCTS.
135
195
151
375
216
298
217
120
161
Legally organizerl school districts.
-
None.
2
1
7
-
=
3
Organized under special net.
SCHOOLS.
Different public schools ...
150
196
251
153
407
36€
300
359
185
173
Schoole graded
1
1
Nono.
F
2
3
1
32
15
13
9
27
Schools nveraging six schelars or less.
10.76
15.25
10.83
10.88
10.40
22.11
18.94
24.30
21.39
18.15
SCHOLARS.
Boys attending two weeks or more ..
1,768
2,410
8,382
2.078
5.020
0,490
1.717
5,112
3,819
1.996
Girls attending two weeks or more ..
1.509
1.851
2.953
1.816
4.275
6,103
4,337
4,881
3,277
1,753
Average attendance of all the schools.
2,174
3,200
4,288
2,671
6,620
8.316
0,304
7,227
4,723
2,825
Number scholars reported attending private schools, and not registered.
120
78
123
40
220
9,060
154
824
133
84
Number of children reported botwoon the ages of five nnd fifteen years not attending any school ..
326
315
115
250
011
197
280
414
450
Scholars reported attending the higher branches
40.
260
-105
174
501
1.150
732
640
531
239
TEACHERS.
27
61
39
80 105
00 526
514
145
338
229
225
Femplo tenchers ..
$ 44.50
8 29.50
843.1-1
$ 38.80
$ 35.21
$62.40
$ 40.44
$ 50.60
$ 51.25
$ 35.21
Average wages of female teachers per month, including
$ 25.80
9 03.72
$ 27.84
$ 20.88
$ 23.22
$ 27.38
$24.08
$30.54
$ 28.85
$21.22
SCHOOL HOUSES.
School houses.
137
177
931
137
373
20
318
211
145
170
Reported unfit for school purposes
3
None.
13
88
79
195
92
136
11
38
Estimuterl rent valno of school buildings, furniture and altes. Estimated valne of school apparatus.
$ 87,360
$ 47,700
8170.000
$ 48.800 8341
$ 1,800
$ 055,500 $ 11.541
$ 302,260 82,900
$ 344.300 $ 5,235
$ 3,142
8 780
REVENUE.
Raised by towa taxes.
$ 14,410
$ 15,581
$ 37.730
$ 15.100
8 -12,200
$ 155,428
$ 63.358
$ 69,320
$4,564
$20,117
Raised by district taxes.
$ 705
8 659
₴ 10.138
$ 1.416
$7.930
$ 11,778
$ 11,680
$ 6,197
$7.508
$ 2.728
Literary fund.
$ 1.411
$ 1.877
$ 2,050
$ 1,821
8 3.751
$3,624
$ 3,780
$ 3,906
$2.911
$ 1,516
Locul funds ...
$ 397
$ 1,457
$ 1,218
$ 113
$ 1,482
8 033
$9,460
$ 15,199
$ 1,857
8 612
Rullrond tax set upart for schools.
8 342
None.
$ 130
8 81
8 1.450
$ 110
8 848
§ 1,300
$1,974
8 73
Dog tax and contributed by individuals
$ 1,319
$ 2,231
$ 1,901
$ 3,501
$ 4,962
82.30G
$3,778
$ 2,357
8 1,002
$ 1.346
Entire amount of revenue ...
$ 18.162
8 21,800
8 53,402
$ 21.180
8 61,790
$ 176,981
$85,340
$ 98.10-1
$58,378
$ 20,507
EXPENDITUILES.
Now bulldings.
$ 554
None.
$ 3,000
$ 2,637
8 1,916
$ 116.810
$ 10,600
$ 26,157
$ 22,359
$ 160
Permanent repairs.
$ $25
$ 1,013
8 5.020
$ 1.010
82,658
8 9.050
$ 1.225
$7,717
$3.420
$ 2,320
Miscolinnoons expenses.
8 1.983
8 1.752
$ 9,875
8 858
8 5,398
$23.780
$ 8,000
$ 17,205
$ 10.150
$ 3.380
Tenchers' salaries, inolnding board.
$ 17,805
$ 18,860
$ 30,873
$ 18,105
$ 40,100
$ 103.010
8 10,252
$ 73,572
$ 44.109
$ 19.186
Total expended ..
$ 20.649
# 20,979
9 54,713
$ 22,780
$ 57.968
$ 219.320
$ 85.711
$ 105.003
$ 80.329
8 20.016
Average cost per scholar. (for miscellaneons and salaries) ...
$5.82
$ 4.82
8 7.22
84 58
$ 5.67
$ 10.02
$ 0.00
8 9.11
$ 8.23
8 6.20
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
BY PRESIDENT ASA D. SMITH, D. D. L.L. D.
D ARTMOUTH College, tho fourth of tho New England colleges in chronologi- cal ordor,-preceded, in that respect, only by Harvard, Yale and Brown-sprung from a noteworthy geru of Christian philanthropy. It was an offshoot of Moor's charity-school, an institution for the education of Indian youth, established in Lebanon, Conn., in the year 1754. The school was subsequently removed to Hanover, N. HI., a charter for a college, to be connected with it and yet a dis- tinct institution, having been proviously oh- tained. This charter was issued Dec. 13, 1769, by tho Hon. Jolin Wentworth, the last of the royal govornors of the Province of New Hampshire. The founder of the char- ity school was namod in it as the first Presi-
dent of the college; and, in view of the in- terest taken in the school by Lord Dart- mouth, an excellent English nohleman, and of his benefactions to it, his name was ap- propriately given to the college. We smile at the enthusiasm with which the location finally selected was spoken of by its friends. " The other colleges," said one of them, " are all situated along the seashore, on the verge of the country ; this, in the very heart of it : they, as to their location, are like the sun in the horizon ; this liko that hright luminary flaming in the meridian." Yet we may safe- ly say, that the site of the institution, though a wilderness at first, and sorely trying to the faith and patience of Pres. Wheelock and liis coadjutors, has since proved itself,
in the quietness favorable to study, in the comparativo absence of temptation, in the saluhrity of the climate, and the picturesque- ness of tho surrounding scenery, admirahly adapted to its purpose.
One of the most signal events in the his- tory of the institution is the controversy, out of which arose the famous Dartmouth Col lege case. The legislature of New Hamp- shire, influenced hy considerations which need not here he detailed, claimed tho right to " amend" the royal charter. They passed an act to that effect, in 1816, changing the name of the institution to " Dartmouth Uni. versity," and embracing other important modifications. To this act the Trustees were opposed ; and, with the design of testing its
Built
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2
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Number thint have u globe or outline maps ...
30
32
40
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93
17
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Net used the past yenr
$ 790
$ 4-10
8 2,275
11
36
103
37
60
20
Town high schools
10
21 1
3
None
None.
4
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1
District high schools ..
10
20
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46
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62
71
54
52
41
Malo tenchers.
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179
32
Average wnges of mulo teachers per month, including board.
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$283,600
$ 70,050
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Average length of all the schools in weeks of five days.
15
33
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS.
constitutionality, they brought an action he fore the Supreme Court of the State. By this tribunal the legislature was sustained ; and an appeal was taken by the trustees to the Supreme Court of the United States, John Marshall being then Chief Justice. The cause of the college was there argued hy Daniel Webster, and other able counsel, and fully sustained by the court. The univer- sity organization was dissolved, and the old college board went on their way rejoicing. This grent battlo was fought by them not for themselves only ; the principles concerned were vital to many other institutions of learning. It is certainly to the praise of Dartmouth, that, in comparative poverty and alone, she was thus instrumental in vin- dieating and establishing the saeredness of private eleemosynary trusts. To this eate- gory, in the judgment of the court, the insti- tution belonged. A contraet, they held, was involved ; and no State might pass a law "impairing the obligation of contracts."
With such occasional ehhs and eddies as pertain to all like institutions, but with re- markable steadiness on the whole, the eol- lege has gone onward from its sınall begin- nings to its present condition of enlargement and prosperity. The whole number of its alumni, including nll the departments, is five thousand four hundred and eighty nine. These have come from all parts of the land ; and, as graduates, have been scattered as widely. While n considerable number have entered from the eities and large towns, the great majority have come from rural places. The average age of ndmission has been some what above that at many other colleges ; and to the maturity thus seeured has been added, in many cases, the stimulus of self-depen- dence. From these and other enuses, Dart- mouth students, as a elass, bave been elar- aeterized by a spirit of earnestness, energy, and general manliness, of the happiest omen as to their life work. Most of them have gone, not into the more Inerative line of bus- iness, but into what may be called the work- ing professions. To the ministry, the col- lege has given more than one thousand of her sons. Dr. Chapman says, in his " Sketches of the Alumni," published in 1867: " There have been thirty-one judges of the United States and State Supreme Courts ; fifteen senators in Congress ; and sixty-one representatives ; two United States enbinet ministers; four ambassadors to for- eign courts; one postmaster general ; four- teen governors of States, and one of a Terri- tory; twenty-five presidents of colleges; one hundred and four professors of neadem- ical, medienl, or theological colleges." Per- haps the two professions that have drawn most largely upon the institution hinve been those of teaching and the law. We recall a single class, that of 1828, one-fourth of whose members have been either eollege presidents or professors. Dr. Chapman states, that at one time there were residing in Boston, Mass., no less than seven sons of the college, " who were justly regarded as ranking among the brighest luminaries of
the law. They were Suinnel Sumner Wilde, 1789 ; Daniel Webster, 1801 ; Richard Fletelier, 1806: Joseph Bell, 1807 ; Joel Parker, 1811; Rufus Choate, 1819; and Charles Bishop Goodrich, 1822."
As might havo been expected from the ori- gin of the institution, it has aimed, from the beginning, at a high religious tone. Neitlı- er its trustees nor its faculty believe in di- voreing the inoral nature from the intellect. nal, in the process of education. But a par- tial and perilous culture is that, they judge, which leaves untouched the chief spring and erowning glory of our being. Yet. the insti- tution is not sectarian, but truly eatholie, in its spirit. What is commonly called the evangelical faith has, indeed, ehief influenee in its halls; yet students of all denomina- tions are not only welcomed there, but have the utmost freedom of opinion and of wor- sbip, and their views aro treated with all proper delicacy and respeet. Most of the trustees and instructors are of the Orthodox. Congregational connection ; but there is in the charter no restriction in this respect, and at least three other denominations are at present represented in the faculty. There is a weekly biblical exercise of all the class- es ; in which, wbile the fundamentals of Christianity are inculcated, minor denominn- tional points are avoided.
While Dartmouth has no pet system of metaphysics, its teachings lean, in genoral, to what may be ealled the spiritual line of thinking. The college has, in time past, through some of its gifted sons, rendered a service to sound philosophy, wbieh is not, perhaps, generally known. Half a century ngo, it will be remembered, the system of Locke and his school, as woll in this country as in Europe, was in the nseendant. It was so, to some extent, at Dartmouth. There were in college, however, about that time, a number of earnest, thoughtful men, fond of metaphysical inquiries, and not altogether content with the cast of opinion mnost in fa- vor. Among them-not to name others- were Dr. James Marsh, Prof. Joseph Torrey, Dr. Joseph Tracy, and Dr. John Wheeler. Dr. Marsh, while an undergraduate, had fallen upon the very course of thought which was so fully carried out in his subsequent teachings and writings. The diseussions be gun nt Dartmouth were transferred to An- dover, and thenee to other quarters. In 1829, Dr. Marsh gave to the American pub- lie Coleridge's " Aids to Reflection," with an able preliminary essay by himself. An ad- mirable series of articles on "Christian Phil- osphy," advocating tho same general views, was subsequently published by Dr. Joseph Traey. And the other men named above were variously co-workers in the movement -a movement which contributed largely to the bringing in of that higher style of phil osophy which has since been so prevalent in our country.
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