USA > New Hampshire > Merrimack County > History of Merrimack and Belknap counties, New Hampshire > Part 46
USA > New Hampshire > Belknap County > History of Merrimack and Belknap counties, New Hampshire > Part 46
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1811 .- Colonel Joseph Gerrish, moderator ; Samuel W. Lang, clerk ; Thomas Coffin, Benjamin Little, Joel French, selectinen ; Ezekiel Web- ster, representative.
18I2 .- Isaac Chandler, moderator ; Samnel W. Lang, clerk ; Nathan Chandler, Joseph Ames, Captain Moses Gerrieh, selectinen ; Ezekiel Welister, representative.
[813 .- Ezekiel Webster, moderator ; Samuel W. Lang, clerk ; Captaio Moses Gerrish, Joseph Ames, Nathan Chandler, selectmen ; Ezekiel Webster, representative.
1814 .- Ezekiel Webster, moderator ; Samuel W. Lang, clerk ; Captaio Moses Gerrish, Joseph Amies, Isaac Gerrish, selectmen ; Ezekiel Web- ster, representative.
1815 .- Ezekiel Webster, moderator ; Samuel W. Lang, clerk ; Isaac Gerrish, Jesse Little, Joseph H. Morrill, selectmen ; Joseph Little, rep- reseutative.
1816 .- Ezekiel Webster, moderator; Samuel W. Lang, clerk ; Major Moses Gerrish, Daniel Pillsbury, Nathan Chandler, selectmeo ; Joseph Little, representative.
1817 .- Eooch Little, moderator ; Hezekiah Fellows,1 clerk ; Major Moses Gerrish, Daniel Pillsbury, Nehemiah Cogswell, selectmen ; Jere- mian Gerrish, representative.
I818 .- Ezekiel Webster, moderator ; Colonel Moses Gerrish, Nehemiah Cogswell, Saml. B. Gerrish, selectoreo ; Jeremialı Gerrish, representative. 1819 .- Ezekiel Webster, moderator ; Nehemiah Cogswell, Joseph Couch, Daniel Pillsbury, selectmen ; Isaac Chandler, representative.
1820 .- Ezekiel Webster, moderator; Nehemiah Cogswell, Samuel Lit- tle, Isaac Gerrish, selectmen; Isaac Chandler, representative.
1821 .- Ezekiel Webster, moderator ; Samuel Little, Moses Gerrish, Isaac Pearson, selectmen ; Ezekiel Webster, representative.
1822 .- Ezekiel Webster, moderator ; Samuel Little, Moses Gerrish, Isaac Pearson, selectmen ; Ezekiel Webster, representative.
1823 .- Ezekiel Webster, moderator; Colonel Moses Gerrish, Joho Farmer, Thomas Gerrish, selectmeu ; Ezekiel Webster, representative.
I824 .- Ezekiel Webster, moderator; Jolin Farmer, Nehemiah Cogga- well, Mosee Fellows, selectmeo ; Ezekiel Webster, Hezekiah Fellowe, representativee.
1825. - Ezekiel Webster, moderator ; Joho Farmer, Moses Fellowe, William H. Gage, selectmen ; Ezekiel Webster, Hezekiah Fellows, rep- reseatatives.
1 From this date to 1854 he was re-elected.
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BOSCAWEN.
1826 .- Ezekiel Webster, moderator ; Moses Fellows, William H. Gage, Joseph Conch, Jr., selectmen ; Hezekiah Fellows, Josepli Ames, repre- sentatives.
1827 .- John Farmer, moderator ; Moses Fellows, William H. Gage, Joseph Couch, Jr., selectmen ; Ezekiel Webster, Juhu Farmer, represen- tatives.
1828 .- Ezekiel Webster, moderator ; Moses Fellows, Reuben Johnson, Simeon B. Little, selectmen ; Ezekiel Webster, John Farmer, represen- tatives
1829 .- Ezekiel Webster, moderator ; Moses Fellows, Simeon B. Little, Thomas Gerrish, selectmen ; John Farmer, John Greenough, representa- tives.
1830 .- John Farmer, moderator ; Moses Fellows, Simeon B. Little, Thomas Gerrish, selectmen ; John Greenvugh, Moses Fellows, represen- tatives.
1831 .- John Farmer, moderator; Moses Fellows, Simeon B. Little, Thomas Gerrish, selectmien ; Moses Fellows, Thomas Coffin, representa- tives.
1832 .- John Farmer, moderator ; Moses Fellows, William H. Gage, Wyatt Boyden, selectmen ; Moses Fellows, representative.
1833 .- John Farmer, moderator; Moses Fellows, William H. Gage, Wyatt Boyden, selectmen ; William H. Gage, representative.
1834 .- John Farmer, moderator; Wyatt Boyden, Abraham Burbank, Hale Atkinson, selectmen ; John Farmer, Benjamin Kimball, represen- tatives.
1835 .- Jeho Farmer, moderator ; Abraham Burbank, Hale Atkinson, Moses Fellowe, selectmen ; John Farmer, Muses Fellows, representa- tives.
1836 .- Moses Fellows, moderator ; Simeon Little, Moses Fellows, John C. Cogswell, selectmen ; Nathan Plummer, William II. Gage, represen- tatives.
1837 .- Moses Fellows, moderator ; Simeon B. Little, Meses Fellows, John C. Cogswell, selectmen ; Nathan Plummer, Abraham Burbank, representatives.
1838 .- Moses Fellows, moderator ; Simeon B. Little, Jeremiah Noyes, William M. Kimball, selectmen ; Abraham Borhank, Richard Gage, representatives.
1839,-Simeon B. Little, moderator ; William M. Kimhall, Moses Fel- lows, Thomas Little, selectmen ; Richard Gage, Simeon B. Little, repre- sentatives.
1840 .- Simeon B. Little, moderator; Thomas Little, Wyatt Boyden, Abiel R. Chandler, selectmen ; Simeon B. Little, Joseph Morrill, repre- sentatives.
1841 .- Simeon B. Little, moderater ; Wyatt Boyden, Abiel Chandler, Nathan Pearson, selectmen ; Joseph Morrill, Rev. Ebenezer Price, rep- l'esentatives.
1812 .- Simeon B. Little, moderator ; Abiel R. Chandler, Nathan Pear- son, Wyatt Boyden, aelectmen ; Rev. Ebenezer Price, Elhridge F. Greenough, representatives.
1843 .- Simeon B. Little, moderator ; Benjamin F. Kimball, Thomas Elliot, William H. Gage, selectmen ; Abiel R. Chandler, Nathan Pear- son, Jr., representatives.
1844 .- Simeon B. Little, moderator ; Caleb Smith, Samuel M. Durgin, Friend L. Burbank, selectmen ; Nathan Pearson, Jr., Abiel R. Chan- dler, representatives.
1845 .- Moody A. Pillsbury, moderator; Caleb Smith, Thomas Elliot, Eliphalet Kilburn, selectmen ; Thomas Gerrish, Luke Corser, represen- tatives.
1846 .- Simeon B. Little, moderator ; Caleb Smith, Samuel M. Durgin, Friend L. Burbank, selectmen ; Thomas Gerrish, Luke Corser, represen- tatives.
1847 .- Simeou B. Little, moderator ; Ilale Atkinson, Samuel M. Dur- gin, Calvin Gage, selectmen; Abraham Burbank, ('aleb Smith, represen- tatives.
1848 .- Caleb Smith, moderator ; Eliphalet Kilhorn, Abiel R. Chan- dler, Friend L. Burbank, selectmen ; Abraham Burbank, Caleh Smith, representatives.
1849. - Simeon B. Little, moderator ; Hale Atkinson, Abiel R. Chan- dler, Albert Danforth, selectmen ; Calvin Gage, representative.
1850 .- Simeon B. Little, moderator ; Hale Atkinson, Abner Sargent, Simeon B. Little, selectmen ; Calvin Gage, Paul Pearson, representatives.
1851 .- Simeon B. Little, moderator ; Simeon B. Little, Daniel S. Balch, David A. Gerrish, selectmen ; Paul Pearson, Abiel Gerrish, rep- resentatives.
1852 .- Simeon B. Little, moderator ; Simeon B. Little, David A. Ger- rish, Hale Atkinson, selectmen ; Abiel Gerrish, Friend L. Burbank, representatives.
1853 .- Simeon B. Little, moderator ; Simeon B. Little, David A. Ger- rish Hale Atkinson, selectmen ; Friend L. Burbank, John C. Gage, rep- resentatives.
1854 .- Simeon B. Little, moderator ; Abner Sargent, Caleb Smith, Hale Atkinson, selectmen ; John C. Gage. Enoch Little, representatives. 1855 .- Simeon B. Little, moderator ; Franklin P. Atkinson, clerk ; Francis S. French, Moses Whittier, Ira Sweatt, selectmen ; Albert Run- nela, Abner B. Wian, representatives,
1856 -Simeon B. Little, moderator ; Franklin P. Atkinson, clerk ; Francis S. French, Moses Whittier, Ira Sweatt, selectmen ; Albert Run- nels, Abner B. Winn, representatives,
1857 .- Eooch Gerrish, moderator ; George W. Stevens, clerk ; Abner Sargent, Hale Atkinson, Caleb Smith. selectmen ; Francis S. French, William M. Sweatt, representatives.
1858 .- Enoch Gerrish, moderator; David E. Burbank, clerk ; Moses Whittier, Enoch Gerrish, David A. Gerrish, selectmen ; Francis S. French, William M. Sweatt, representatives.
1859 .- Enoch Gerrish, moderator; David L. Burbank, clerk ; Enoch Gerrish, Moses Gill, Jeremiah S. Webber, selectmen ; Moses Whittier, Thaddens O. Wilson, representatives.
1860 .- Enoch Gerrish, moderator ; David E. Burbank, clerk ; Enoch Gerrish, Jeremiah S. Webber, Almon Harris, selectmen ; Moses Whit- tier, Thaddens O. Wilson, representatives.
1861 .- Isaac K. Gage, moderator ; Isaiah H. Arey, clerk ; Almen Har- ris, Francis S. French, Hale Atkinson, selectmen ; Luther Gage, repre- sentative.
1862 .- Nathan B. Greene, moderator ; Isaiah H. Arey, clerk ; Almon Harris, Francis S. French, Peter Coffin, selectmen ; Luther Gage, repre- sen'atives.
1863 .- Jonathan Tenney, moderator ; Isaiah H. Arey, clerk ; Nehe- miah Butler, Peter Coffio, George Knowles, selectmen ; Almon Harris, representative.
1864 .- Franklin C. Morrill, moderator ; Isaiah H. Arey, clerk ; Nehe- miah Butler, George Knowles, Samuel Choate, selectmen ; Almon Har- rie, representative.
1865 .- Franklin C. Morrill, moderator; Calvin M. Chadwick, clerk ; Nehemiah Botler, George Knowles, Samuel Choate, selectmen ; David A. Gerrish, representative.
1866 .- Franklin C. Merrill, moderator ; Charles Smith, clerk ; Enech G. Wood, Healey Morse, James H. Gill, selectmen ; David A. Gerrish, representative.
1867 .- Isaac K. Gage, moderator ; Charles Smith, clerk ; Enoch G. Wood, Healey Morse, James H. Gill, selectmen ; Franklin C. Morrill, representative.
1868 .- Franklin C. Morrill, moderator ; Charles E. Chadwick, clerk ; Nehemiah Butler, Ezra S. Harris, Bradley Atkinson, selectmen ; Franklin C, Merrill, representative.
1869 .- Franklin C. Morrill, moderator ; Charles E. Chadwick, clerk ; Ezra S. Harris, Luther Gage, Bradley Atkinson, selectmen ; Nehemiah Butler, representative.
1870 .- Thaddeus O. Wilson, moderator ; Charles E. Chadwick, clerk ; Nehemiah Butler, Hamilton P. Gill, Joseph G. Eastman, selectmen ; Nehemiah Butler, representative.
1871 .- Thaddeus O. Wilson, moderator; John Seavey, clerk ; Calvin Gage, John E. Rines, Enoch G. Wood, selectmen; Enoch G. Wood, rep- resentative.
1872 .- David F. Kimball, moderator; Charles E. Chadwick, clerk ; David F. Kimball, Marcus K. Howser, Samuel B. Chadwick, selectmen ; Daniel Y. Bickford, representative.
1873. - David F. Kimball, moderator ; Charles E. Chadwick, clerk ; David F. Kiniball, Marcus K. Howser, Samuel B. Chadwick, selectmen ; Daniel Y. Bickford, representative.
1874 .- David F. Kimball, moderator; Charles E. Chadwick, clerk ; Nehemiah Butler, Marcus K. Howser, Samuel B. Chadwick, selectmen ; Marcus K. Howser, representative.
1875 .- David F. Kimball, moderator ; Charles E. Chadwick, clerk ; Nehemiah Butler, Joseph G. Eastman, Austin G. Kimball, selectmen ; Marcus K. Iloweer, representative.
1876 .- Calvin Gage, moderator; George A. Morse, clerk ; John C. Gage, Enoch G. Wood, Caleb C. Hall, selectinen ; Nathaniel S. Webster, representative.
1877 .- Thaddeus O. Wilson, moderator ; Charles E. Chadwick, clerk ; John C. Gage, Caleb C. Hall, Luther Gnge, selectmen ; Nathaniel S. Webster, representative.
1878 .- David F. Kimball, moderator; Charles E. Chadwick, clerk ; Luther Gage, Charles W. Hardy, Marcus K. Howser, selectmen ; Peter Coffin, representative.
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HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.
1879 .- John C. Pearson, moderator ; Charles E. Chadwick, clerk ; Luther Gage, Charles W. Hardy, Marcus K. Howser, selectmen.
1880 .- John C. Pearson, moderator; Charles E. Chadwick, clerk ; John C. Pearson, Samuel Choate, Frank L. Gerrish, selectmen ; Samuel Choate, representative.
1881 .- John C. Pearson, moderator; Charles E. Chadwick, clerk; John C. Pearson, Samuel Choate, Frank L. Gerrish, selectmen.
1882 .- John C. Pearson, moderator ; Charles E. Chadwick, clerk ; John C. Pearson, Frank L. Gerrish, William P. Abbott, selectmen ; Charles J. Ellsworth, representative.
1883 .- John C. Pearson, moderator ; Charles E. Chadwick, clerk ; John C. Pearson, Frank L. Gerrish, William P. Ahhott, selectmeu.
1884 .- John C. Pearson, moderator; Charles E. Chadwick, clerk ; William P. Abbott, Samuel B. Chadwick, selectmen ; John G. Meder, representative.
1885 .- John C. Pearson, moderator; Charles E. Chadwick, clerk : John C. Pearson, Samuel B. Chadwick, William P. Ahhott, selectmeu.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH.
EPHRAIM PLUMMER.
The ancestors of Ephraim Plummer came from England in 1663 and settled in Newbury, Mass. His grandfather, Bitfield Plummer, was one of the early settlers of Boscawen; married Priscilla Rich- ardson, of Chester, N. H., October, 1769. He was a siguer of the People's Declaration of Independence before that of the Continental Congress was issued, and upon the evacuation of Long Island by General
Washington responded to the call for additional troops and served for a time in the Continental army.
His son Ephraim was born 1771; married Rachel Choate Cogswell, May, 1792; lived on the homestead and died May, 1793, three months before the birth of his son Ephraim, the subject of the present sketch.
The mother of Ephraim was a native of Essex, Mass, relative of Rufus Choate,-a woman of rare qualities of character, of discriminating mind and marked executive ability. To the future of her only child she bent all her energies. With the heritage of toil, the son had the benefits of a better education than sometimes falls to the lot of boys in his con- dition. The years of his childhood were uneventful. So, too, the earlier years of manhood; only as the external influences and processes of thought, de- veloped the man, of a logical turn of mind, a sincere respecter of law, loyal to his convictions, of un- doubted integrity. He was a person of quick sensi- bilities, frank and hospitable. He gave with liberal hand for school and church. Unassuming, he never desired place, nor influence in public affairs.
His time was devoted to the cultivation of the farm.
He married Lucy Gerrish, of Boscawen, who was the efficient counterpart to whatever of success that came to him. His death occurred on the 20th of July, 1872.
Epleraum Plummer
HISTORY OF BRADFORD.
BY J. M. HAWKS, M.D.
CHAPTER I.
THE ideal chapter of a county history would be an epitome of an ideal history of a town. But as no such town history has yet been written, we must still look for the coming of the model.
As the art (which we may set down as one of the fine arts) of writing town histories improves, more at- tention will be given to personal records, and prob- ably an entire new feature will be added, viz .: a de- scription of every house and farm in the town, giving the particulars as to who first settled on a farmn, who built a house and who have owned or occupied these since. The more interesting such histories are to the general reader the better, provided the great practical lessons of history are not lost sight of. One of these lessons is that the law of human progress has its con- ditions. According to the way we meet those con- ditions, we may as a community progress, stand still or slide back.
As a means of self-preservation, the future town must see that insanity, idiocy, crime and pauperism grow less and less from generation to generation.
The first step toward any reform is to feel the need of it and the assurance of its practicability, then the means will be discovered and adopted.
The work going to press a month earlier than the writer expected will account for the unfinished con- dition of some of the matter and the omission of much that was considered important.
The thanks of the writer are due and hereby tendered to Hon. M. W. Tappan, Wm. M. Carr, Hon. John W. Morse, Mrs. J. P. Marshall and many others for special assistance in procuring lists of business and professional men. The list of lawyers was handed in complete as printed, with the exception of the little word "Hon." which the compiler had modestly omitted from before his own name.
Unlike our neighbor Warner, we have no con- troversy as to how or for whom our town was named, but the old stereotyped sentence, " Bradford was first settled in 1771 by Deacon Wm. Presbury," is being called in question. Some of the descendants of Isaac Davis believe that he was living in this town as early as 1762. A little search of neighboring town records
will readily settle the question. It is to be regretted that no more histories of homesteads and families can be furnished for this chapter.
Boundaries .- Bradford is bounded on the north by Newbury and Sntton, east by Warner, south by Henniker and Hillsborongh and west by Washington. The north, south and west lines are straight. The town is longest east and west. If about one-fourth of the eastern portion were cut off, it would leave the remainder an exact square.
All these adjoining towns were settled before Brad- ford, and have contributed of their citizens from time to time toward building up our little commonwealth. This movement has not been one-sided, however. A sort of reciprocal movement has taken place, in which every town has exchanged its citizens with every other town in the neighborhood. But in the "long run," Bradford has come off second best in these exchanges, she having given more than she has received. When the towns along the Atlantic coast of New Hampshire and Massachusetts were a hun- dred years old most of the country a hundred miles in the interior was a dense forest. Men who were am- bitious to acquire homes and farms of their own very naturally moved back from the old into the new towns. Those who had money bought lands on speculation; those who had none bought their lands on credit, and with their own hands carved their farms out of the primal woods. The same process has been going on ever since in the newer regions farther west and south.
Natural History-GEOLOGICAL FORMATION .- As New Hampshire is the "Granite State," so Brad- ford is a granite town. The backbone and ribs of all her hills are of the primitive rock, just as it crystal- ized and cooled when the world was being made. The soil of the hill-sides and the plains is composed of this same kind of rock, disintegrated by frosts and crushed and ground to powder by the slow-melting avalanches that traversed this part of the continent toward the close of the ice period. The progress of the ice-sheet is shown by striæe, or scratches and fur- rows plowed across the smoothed face of ledges of rock in Bradford and the surrounding towns. One of these, mentioned in Hitchcock's "Geology of
185
186
HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.
New Hampshire," is on a ledge near the Baptist Church in Bradford; others are mentioned in Hen- niker.
These ancient records on the pages of geology fur- nish a fine play-ground for the imagination. It is an accepted theory of scientific men that the northern part of the continent was once covered with ice thousands of feet thick; that it began to melt, and streams of water to flow from it on the south and southeast sides, and that a general movement of the sheet was in the direction of southeast. Thus, at the suggestion of science and by the aid of fancy, we can see the huge avalanches or mountains of ice melting and sending off large rivers that filled the valleys along which our brooks now so tamely flow. It was indeed a great " freshet" that piled up the Moody Gillingham farm and other similar places along the valley of Todd's Pond. And what a flood of water there was when the " Burying Hill " was washed into its present place and Bradford Plains ! The same thing is true in relation to the moraines and sand heaps along the valley of Warner River.
When those sand-hills were formed on Cummings Pierce's land, at the north end and east side of Massa- seecum Lake, and on Fred. Cheney's, on the west side, the waters of the innocent-looking Pond Brook were surging along with irresistible and terrible fury from the side of Cheney's Hill, clear across to the Goodwin Hill, and were fifty feet deep or more, all over the intervale. Imagine, then, the mighty rush of waters along the swollen valleys of Warner River, the Contoocook and the Merrimack at the time that Concord claims and similar tracts of land were de- posited along all the valleys of the New England rivers.
Our highest spring freshets, from long rains and sudden thaws of the snow, are but very feeble imita- tions and faint reminders of those early floods. Slight as they are, these modern spring freshets bring down every year small portions of the hills and mountains, making the water turbid or soily. It is estimated that this process, if continued, will bring all the eleva- tions of land to a level of the sea in two hundred million years.
During the melting of the ice-sheet, and its movement across the country, fragments of rock that had been imbedded in the ice were carried many miles, acting as the upper mill-stone, while the lower one was composed of the solid ledges of the hills. In this mighty mill rocks were ground to sand, gravel, cobble-stones and smooth boulders. Every acre of our town went through this mill,-was, in fact, a part of the mill.
Whatever metals and gems of valne may have drifted within our borders, they were buried so dcep that they have not yet been discovered. Every acre of land in town bears testimony in some manner to the part it took, whether active or passive, in smoothing off the angular ledges of the hill-tops, and with these
broken or crushed or ground to powder, filling up deep chasms and valleys, laying the foundations for fertile intervales and making sterile plains, and scat- tering boulders for the farmers to make their stone walls with.
VEGETABLE PRODUCTIONS .- These are about the same as prevail in this latitude across the State. Ot the forest-trees, the evergreens are a marked feature; the white and pitch pines, the hemlock, the spruce, the cedar and the fir lend their aid in beautifying almost every landscape. The oaks are here in variety, the white and red principally. The maples, from the dwarf striped variety known as Moosewood to the large red and white varieties, which delight in a moist and generous soil, to the towering rock or sugar ma- ple, that grows on nearly every kind of soil, and fur- nishes quite a large portion of the sugar and sirup used in town,
Of the ash, the brown grows in swamps, and is used for basket stuff and chair-bottoms; the white grows on dryer land and is used in carriage-making. The elm seems to be a half-domesticated tree, delighting in intervales and along the borders of streams; this, however, is a second growth. Beech selects the hill- sides. Of the birches, the gray prefers good land, but the white is contented almost anywhere. The bass- wood prefers a moist soil and is not very common.
Chestnut hardly grows wild in the town. Several farmers have planted them in their pastures, and a few small ones are growing along the roadside north of the Pond meeting-house, planted there by some thoughtful person. Of the sassafras, it has been said that a few bushes once grew on the south side of Guiles' Hill. The black cherry can hardly endure the competi- tion of tree-life in the forest here, but it grows well in old fields and pastures ; but the small wild red cherry is thankful for a foothold anywhere, and is rather a nuisance everywhere. The sumach grows mostly about the ledges of the sides and tops of hills. The butternut, or oil-nut, so common and wild in Vermont, only grows under cultivation here. The tamarack, or larch, is confined to swamps.
The mountain ash is grown for ornament. The poplar is more common in second-growth forests, while its cousin, the Balm of Gilead, requires to be planted, and grows readily from cuttings, as does also the wil- low ; the latter is a rapid grower. A tree at the road- side below Cummings Pierce's, at fifty years old, was four feet through. The locust is an imported tree.
The alders grow along the brooks, and furnish a great many temporary fish-poles. Of the bushes and shrubs, the button-ball likes to have its feet in the water; the high cranberry bush is not plenty-it grows about six feet high along the edges of brooks that run through meadows or swamps; blackberry, raspberry, red and black blueberry and huckleberry bushes are quite common. On rocky hill pastures the ground savin, or cedar, forms a low-spreading shrub; the ground hemlock is confined to moist, shady woods
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BRADFORD.
-it is a trailing shrub. Grape-vines are common. Of all our native trees cultivated for shade and or- nament, perhaps the sugar maple is most preferred ; the elm stands next in public estimation, while a few have spruce and larch. The one specimen of red oak in town, as an ornamental tree, at Sharron Jamesou's, furnishes an example that should be followed. The old Lombardy poplar seems to be dying out of public favor, as well as dying as a family of trees. The most notable planted groves of evergreens are those of J. P. Marshall and Dr. Ames, both at the Corner. Mr. Marshall has a large number of imported trees.
Hon. M. W. Tappan has the finest grove and grounds in town, and probably the finest in the coun- ty. It is nature embellished with art.
At the saw-mills an observer would notice that there are but few large pine logs. The pine is mostly second growth ; some spruce logs are there; but the most of them are hemlock, from which the bark has heen peeled for the use of the tanneries. Now and then a farmer hanls in a rock maple to have some "drag-plank " sawed, or sled runners. Shingles are made from spruce, hemlock, red oak and pine.
At the wood-piles of the farmers one finds a va- riety, including every kind of tree named above,-the tops and limbs of logs that have been hauled to mill or got out for railroad ties ; old trees that are ripe and beginning to decay ; others that have blown down in the woods and old apple-trees from the orchards.
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