History of Merrimack and Belknap counties, New Hampshire, Part 89

Author: Hurd, D. Hamilton (Duane Hamilton), ed
Publication date: 1885
Publisher: Philadelphia [Pa.] J. W. Lewis & co.
Number of Pages: 1520


USA > New Hampshire > Merrimack County > History of Merrimack and Belknap counties, New Hampshire > Part 89
USA > New Hampshire > Belknap County > History of Merrimack and Belknap counties, New Hampshire > Part 89


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).


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Among the proprietors' rights were Thomas Coch- ran, four rights of land where he lived, near the river (supposed Merrimack), fifty-one acres each, one hnn- dred and three acres, two rights including the Hooksett Falls ; Deacon Cochran, one right of land adjoining Thomas Cochran's land, thirty acres ; Farrington and Abbot, five rights where Abbott lives, seventy acres. This was one of the original settled places, called the Joshua Abbott place, near the head of Hooksett Falls, on the lot where the John Prescott place is now situated. In the year 1813 the selectmen of Dunbarton notified Robert Cochrane, a surveyor in what is now west village of Hooksett and outskirts, which composed Dunbarton, to give notice to the fol- lowing tax-payers of the amount of their highway tax : Robert Cochrane, Richard H. Ayer, Joshua Abbot, Philip Abbot, Henry Moulton, Captain John Hoyt, Lieutenant John Baker, Ensign Samuel Flanders, Luman Lincoln, Josiah Barnes, Sirus Baker, Abel Dow, Samuel Hosmer, Winthrop Knight, Samuel Martin, Luther Shattuck, William Otterson. The whole amount assessed was $65.15.


A valuable collection of papers that have been kept in good condition, that belonged to the Cochrane and Abbot families, the first settlers in above district, are interesting on account of their age and curiosity. An original deed as follows :


"PROVINCE OF NEW HAMP. : At the nouual meeting of the Proprietors of Bow, in said Province, held at Stratham, in said Province, on Tues- day, the 30th Day of May, 1769, By adjournment from the first Thurs- day in April last past, Voted to Thomas Cochran, his lleirsand assigns (for and in Consideration of Thirty-six Shillings, Lawful money, paid at the meeting), a small Island Lying at the mouth uf the Suncook River, in Bow, containing ono aere and Sixty-Six Rods, be it more or less.


" A true copy from said Proprietors' Record.


"Attest, SAM'L LANE, Propr Clork."


"Know all men by these presents, that I, Benjn Harris, of Pembroke, in the Province of New Hamp., in New England, Gen' Have Reed Three Pound five Shillings, Law full money, of Thomas Coffran, of Allenstown, in the Province afforsaid, yeoman, in full Consideration for a pue in the Presbyterian meeting-houss in Pembroke, in the gallery of sd meeting- house, it Being that Perticular Pue that I Purchased of John Bryant, Daniel moor and Samuell mcConnel at a Publick Vendue at the house of Lt. Samuel Conner, in said Pembrook, in Witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand aud Seal this 13th Day of January, 1769.


" BENJA. HARRIS."


" LITCHFIELD, August 26, 1765.


"Mr. Thos, Coffrin, please to pay tu Thos. Russ two Shillings, Lawfull maney, and this shall be your Discharge of all Demands from yours, sir, " OBADIAH HAWSE."


" ALLENSTOWN, Sept. 29, 1765.


"This Day Received of Thomas Cochran five Shillings, Lawfull money, it Being in Full of this order aud all other Debts from ye Begining of ye World to this Date.


" Witness whereof,


" THOS. RUSS."


The following is a copy of a letter written to Robert Paterson, of New Boston, N. H., from a soldier in the Revolutionary War :


" MEDFORD, June ye 12, 1775.


" Honored father,-I take this opportunity to let you know that I and brother Samuel is well-Blessed Bo God for it !- hoping you all enjoy the Same Blessing. I have Reason to Bles god at all times For preserving Mercies, But especialy in the Day of Battle, when I escaped So near. I have nothing Remarkable to write to you, But I like my living very well and we enjoy pease and plenty at present. Remember My Love to Thomas Colum and his Famely and all enquiring friends, Not forgeting The Pretey gearls, So Sad Do more but Remain you Dutyfull Son till death.


" ALEXANDER PATERSON."


The above papers, consisting of a boxfull, containing receipts, deeds, contracts and two or three copies, sys- tematically kept, of account-books, with dates from 1764 to 1800, are in the hands of the writer. They contain interesting references to our early settlers, which want of space will not allow us to publish.


The following documents, which were found in the New Hampshire State papers compiled by Hamond, relate to Hooksett anterior to the organization of the town.


PETITION OF JOSHUA ABBOTT FOR A FERRY IN 1782.


" To the Honorable the Council and House of Representatives of the State of New Hampshire, in General Court Convened at Concord, the 11th Day of June, 1782.


"We, the Subscribers, inhabitiog near Isle a Hucksett Falls, on mer- rimack River, apprehend a Ferry is much wanted at or near said Falls, which would greatly accomodate the Public ; and Joshua Abbott, having purchased a Piece of Land aud barguiued for a Boat, in order to keep said Ferry. Wherefore your petitions humbly pray that your Hooors would make a Grant of said Ferry to said Abbot, and your Petitioners, as in Duty bound, shall ever pray :


" Laban Hariman, John Hart, John Carter, Ephraim Kinsman, Ahner flanders, Moses Moor, Richard flanders, Joshua Abbott, N. C. Abbott, David guoge, Stephen farington, Nath. Greene, John Blanchard, William Mestin, Juner, Joseph Hazeltine, Sam. Davis, Joseph Carter, John Brown, Robert Davis, David Carter, Thomas Cochrane, Jonathan -, Daniel Brown, Eben" Hall, Timothy Hall, Richard flanders, Timo Walker, Jun"., Phines -, Joseph Abbott, Benj. IJanaford, Enoch Brown, Enoch Coffin, Nathan Green, Moses Carter, Thomas Stickney, Samuel Farring- ton, James Walkar, Stephen Kimball, Simeon Carr, Sm. Willard, Fran- cis Mitchel, Natha Abbott, James Moore, Ephraim moor, Luther Clay, Olive flanders, Daniel Abbott, Rob. Harris, Aaron Stevens, Timothy Bradley, Daniel Hall, Richard Ayer, Stephen Hall, John Odlin, Bruce Walker, William Brown, Benja. Fifield, Micah Flanders, Philip Abbot Patiah -, William Fifiold, Thomas Chandler, Ephraim Colby, Stephen Abbott, John Lear, Dun. Stickney."


366


HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.


In the mean time Dustin and Martin petitioned for a ferry about four miles below (now called Martin's Ferry), in Hooksett, as follows :


"To the Honerable, the Council and Assembly of the State of New Hampshire, now convened at Concord, in said State :


"We, the Petitioners, John Dustin & Daniel martin, of Chester, In the County of Rockingham, in said State, humbly Sheweth that your Peti- tioners has lived many years in Said Cbester, on the Bank of Merrimack River, Io such a situation for keeping a Ferry as is Very convenient to accomodate a great Number of the Inhabitants of Goffstown, Dunbarton and of many other towns above who have Occasion to travil to the Lower Part of this and the massachusetts State, that highways have been Laid out by the town, Joining on both sides of the River to said Place, and well made and Repaired, and that Your Petitioners has been at a con- siderable Expence In building and maintaining of boats and giving con- stant attendence to Ferry People across for more than sixteen years when the profits was Very Ioconsiderable and In No wise Equal to the Expense, and that there is now Considerable travilling and dayly in- creasing, Being found to be Very advantageous to the Public, and that your Petitioners suspects that a petition will be prefered to your Honors for a Licence to Keepa Ferry on said River, about two or three miles up said River, from where your petitioners Keeps their ferry (where there is no Road Laid out on neither side of the River to the place), with an Intent to prevent your petitioners from any profit by their ferry, where- fore your petitioners humbly prays that you would grant them a License to Keep a Ferry where they now Does, and that if a petition shall be prefered, as suspected, that you would Dismiss the same or appoint a Com- mittee In the vicinity to view the place proposed for a ferry with the place for Roads on both sides of the river, as well as your petitioners' ferry and the Roads leading to and from the Same, and make Report that your petitioners may have an opportunity of appearing on Any future day you may appoint to show cause, and your petitioners, as in duty bound, will ever pray.


"Chester, June 14th, 1782."


" JOHN DUSTIN. " DANIEL MARTIN.


In the House of Representatives, November 19, 1782, a committee having viewed the premises, re- ported in favor of establishing the ferry asked for by Dustin and Martin instead of the one asked for by Abbott, et als. A vote giving leave in accordance therewith passed the Assembly. The locality is still called Martin's Ferry.


The following is a copy of the McGregore and Dun- cau petition for the exclusive privilege of locking Hooksett Falls, 1794 :


" To the Hon' the Senate and house of Representatives for the State of New Hampshire, convened at Exeter on wednesday, the 25th of Dec., 1793. Humbly shew your petitioners that they conceive the advantages arising from canals opened round the falls of Riversin a Country of such vast extent as ours, and at a great distance from the Sea ports, to be almost innumerable ; that the enterprise and public spirit of the present age have afforded ample proof of this and have inspired your petitioners with an intention of commencing a work of such universal utility ; That, should the River merrimack, as is projected, be made navigable for boats, timber, etc., froor its mouth round Amoskeag Falls, the henev- olent intention of the legislature would be rendered quite nseless unless a canal was also cut for that purpose by Isle a hooksett Falls, upon the said river, and above the said Falls of Amoskeag. Your petitioners are sensible that undertaking of this nature is hazardous and expensive, and attended with almost insurmountable difficulties. But that the public may be ac- comodated with a work of such obvious utility, your petitioners have re- solved, with the encouragement of the legislature, to cut and perfect a canal round the said Isle a booksett falls with all possible diligence. They therefore pray that this honerable body would grant to them the exclusive privilege of cutting a canal round said Isle a hooksett falls for said convenient purpose of navigating boate, timber, etc., by said falle with safety and dispatch, and that they would allow them such reasonable toll to compensate their trouble and expence as they think proper, and that they may have leave to bring in a bill accordingly, and, as in duty bound, will ever pray.


"Exeter, January 1st, 1794."


" ROBEAT MCGREGORE. " WILLIAM DUNCAN.


In the House of Representatives, January 4, 1794, the petitioners were granted leave to bring in a bill. Subsequently the privilege asked for was granted, and the same was extended in 1797. This canal, or "locks," as it was sometimes called, was a very im- portant enterprise in those times. It facilitated mer- chantable traffic between the people above and the country below. They were kept in general use until about 1840, when the railroads commenced to be built into the central part of New Hampshire. Hooksett Falls, since the earliest settlements along the river, have been considered important. They have also been dangerous to boatmen who plied the river in the capacity as common carriers. The chan- nel and ragged rocks through which the water flows was deceitful and very precipitous. About fifteen lives have been lost on these falls. One of the saddest ac- cidents that ever occurred on the falls was about the year 1840. Three children, the oldest about ten years, in the temporary absence of their mother, wandered to the head of the falls, finding an unlocked boat, and while innocently playing in the same, the boat was cast upon the waters and floated into the stream and went over the falls. They were all three lost. These children belonged to Milo L. Whitney, lately deceased. The annual "drive" of logs, which at the present time is not so large, sometimes receives a se- rious "set back " at these falls. Huge jams have oc- curred, when it would take weeks to get them off. Quite a number of log-drivers have been killed and drowned while working on them. The descent of the water is about eighteen feet in a distance of thirty rods. They afford excellent facilities for additional manufacturing. Only about two-tenths of the power is at present utilized. The Concord Railroad built, about the year 1868, three spans of bridges over the falls to the east side of the river. This gives to the occupants of the cars a grand, romantic view.


In the year of 1799 an attempt to have the upper end of the town of Chester annexed to Pembroke was made through a petition of Nathaniel Head and others, on account of long distance from church and town business privileges. In 1818 a petition was presented to the legal voters in the north part of Chester and the east part of Dunbarton and Allens- town, but was not acted upon. In the year of 1818, Henry Moulton and thirty others of Dunbarton petitioned the Legislature for a new town. In the year of 1821, Samuel Head and thirty-two others presented a petition ; also Nathaniel Head and seven- ty-two others, inhabitants of Chester, Dunbarton and the easterly part of Goffstown. These petitions, so strongly representing the inhabitants of the above locality, were presented to the General Court. The committee on the part of the House reported to postpone action until the next session, and the report was accepted.


It was voted by the House of Representatives, at this session, 1821, "That the petitioners be heard on


367


HOOKSETT.


their petition before the standing committee on in- corporations on the first Tuesday of the next session of the Legislature, and that the petitioners cause the selectmen of the towns of Chester, Goffstown and Dunbarton to be notified of the substance of the peti- tion, etc." At the next spring meeting the towns of Dunbarton and Chester voted to grant the favor, and Goffstown voted to remonstrate, by a majority of one hundred and ten legal votes against twenty-two in fa- vor. The seleetmen accordingly sent in a remon- stranee in long detail. Caleb Austin, Caleh Her- sey and Daniel Straw, of Dunbarton, put in a remon- stance. Their principal reason was that the river running through the town would he a great inconve- nienee, and that it would derange school districts. Hugh J. Taggart and Andrew MeIntire, of Goffs- town, also sent in a remonstrance, voieing, in the main, the same objections that those from Dunbarton gave. On June 20, 1822, the standing committee on incorporations, after hearing all the parties interested, reported favorably to the project, and that the peti- tioners have leave to bring in a bill. The following is the copy of the original hill, as passed by the legis- lature, -.


"STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE.


" In the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and twenty-two, An act to incorporate the town of Hooksett.


"Whereas petitions signed by a number of the inhabitants of Chester, Dunbarton and Goffstown have been presented to the General Court, praying to be incorporated into a separate town, and the prayer thereof appearing reasonable, Therefore, Section Ist. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General Court convened that all the Isods and inhabitants within those parts of the towns of Chester, Dun- barton and Goffstown herein described, to wit : Beginning st the north- easterly corner of Manchester; thence on a straight line to the south- east corner of lot No. 60, in the fourth range of lots in Chester ; thence on the easterly line of said lot No. 60 and lots No. 71 and 80, northerly to the southeast corner of lot No. 95 ; thence across a part of said lot No. 95 and lot No. 94 south, 70 degrees east, to the south head-line of said lot No. 94 ; thence north, 23 degrees east, to the southwest corner of Candia ; thence northerly on Candia line to Allenstown south line ; thence west- erly on Allenstown to Merrimack river ; thence across said river to the southeasterly corner of Bow; thence by Bow line to the southerly cor- ner of said Bow ; thence running a line due south until it strikes the northerly line of Goffstown ; thence westerly on Goffstown line to the northwest corner of Hugh J. Taggart's land ; thence southerly to the southwest corner of lot No. 4, in Goffstown, formerly owned by Col. Robert McGregore ; thence easterly on the southerly line of said lot No. 4, and continuing the same course, until it strikes the highway leading from Samuel Poor's to Merrimack river ; thence by said highway, and including the same, to said river ; thence by said river to the northwest corner of Manchester ; and thence to the place of beginning, be and the same hereby are incorporated into a town by the name of Hooksett, and the inhabitants who now reside, or hereafter msy reside, within the sforesaid boundaries are made and constituted a body politick and corpo- rate, and vested with all the powers, privileges and immunities which other towns in this State are entitled to enjoy, to remain a distinct town and have continuance and succession forever.


" Section 2d. And be it further enacted that all names that are assessed for schools in the towns of Chester, Dunbarton and Goffstown shall be divided between the said towns and the several parts of the said town of Hooksett, disannexed from said towns, according to their pro- portion of the public taxes, and all funds belonging to said towns of Chester, Dunbarton and Goffstown shall be in like manner divided, re- serving to said town of Goffstown the donation given by James Aiken to said Goffstown, and the inhabitants of the town of Hooksett shall pay 86 all taxes now assessed on them by the towns of Chester, Dunbarton and Goffstown respectively, and the said town of Hookeett shall, after the next annual meeting, support all the present poor, including all those


who are supported in whole or in part who have gained a settlement in the towns of Chester, Dnubarton or Goffstown, by living in that part of either of said towne that is now included in the town of Hooksett, and shall support any poor now residing in any other towns, which by law the towns of Chester, Dunbarton and Goffstown may respectively he lia- ble to relieve or support that have gained a settlement in either of said towas by residing within the boundaries now constituting the town of Hooksett, provided, nevertheless, that this act shall not effect the inter- est of any of the inhabitants of Chester, Dunbarton and Goffstown, or of the town of Hooksett, in any school-house now erected within the same.


"Section 3d. And beit further enacted that Samuel Head, of Chester, and William Hall, of Dunbarton, or either of them, be impowered to call a meeting of the inhabitants of the said town of Hooksett for the purpose of choosing all necessary town officers, to continue in office until the annual meeting of said towu in March next, and either of them may preside in said meeting until a moderator shall be chosen to govern the same, which mecting shall be holden some time in the month of September next, and shall be warned by pastiog up a notification fifteen days prior to the time of holding the same at Nathaniel Head's house, in Chester, at William Hall's house, in Dunbarton, and at David Ab- bott's house, in Goffstown, provided that all town officers residing within the limits of the town of Hooksett, who were chosen by the town of Chester, Dunbarton or Goffstown, shall continue in their respective offices during the time for which they were elected, with full powers to execute the same, and provided, further, that all the public taxes which the towns of Chester, Dunbarton and Goffstown shall or may be compelled to assess before a new act for proportioning the public taxes among the several towns in the state shall pass, may be assessed, levied and collected by the proper officers of the said towos of Chester, Dunbarton and Goffstown upon the inhabitants of the town of Hooksett in case the selectmen of said Hooksett neglect to assess, levy and collect their proportion of such public taxes and pay the same seasonably unto the treasurers of the towns of Chester, Dunbarton and Goffstown in the same way and man- ner as if the act had not passed, anything herein to the contrary potwith - standing.


"Section 4th. And be it further enacted that said town of Hooksett shall be, and hereby is, annexed to and considered a part of the county of Hillsborough, and that said town be annexed to Senatorial district unmber three and to the eleventh Regiment of Militia in this State.


"STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE.


"In the House of Representatives June 25th, 1822 : This bill, having had three several readings, passed to be enacted. Sent up for concur- rence.


"CHARLES WOODMAN, Speaker.


" In Senate, .Je. 29, 1822 : The foregoing bill was brought up, read a third time and enacted.


" JONATHAN HARVEY, President.


" July 2d, 1822, Approved,


" SAMUEL BELL.


" A true copy. Attest,


"SAMUEL SPARHAWK, Secretary."


The following is a copy of the petition and a list of the signers.


"To the Hou. the Senate and the House of Representatives of the State of New Hampshire, in General Court convened, Humbly ebew- The petition of the undersigned that they are inhabitants of the north - westerly part of the town of Chester, in the County of Rockingham and the easterly part of Dunbarton, and tho easterly part of Goffstown, in the County of Hillsborough, that their places of residence are at the distances of from ten to sixteen miles from the places established for the transaction of town business and for holding public worship in said towns. By reason whereof they are in a measure deprived of the con- mon rights and privileges enjoyed generally by the good citizens of this State. They therefore pray the legislature, in their goodness, to relieve them of the inconveniences to which they are now subjected by grenting an act incorporating all the lande and inhabitants of said Ches- ter, Dunbarton and Goffstown hereinafter described to wit : beginning northerly and northwesterly of a line drawn from the northeasterly corner of Manchester, in the County of Hillsborough, across said Chester, in such course as may he thought most proper, to the southwesterly cor- ner of the town of Candia: thence hy Candia line to Allenstown line ; thonce by Allenstown line to Merrimack river ; thence across the Merri- mac river to the southeasterly corner of Bow ; thence hy Bow line to the southerly corner of said Bow ; thence running a line due south until it strikes Goffstown line; thence through Goffstown southeasterly till


368


HISTORY OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE.


it atrikes Merrimack river opposite the northwesterly corner of the town of Manchester ; thence from the north westerly corner of the town of Manchester to the beunda first mentioned, into a town, with all the powers, privileges and immunities to which other towns in this state are hy law entitled, and to be annexed to the County of Hillsborough, and as in duty bound, will ever pray.


"Feb. 7, 1821.


" Nathaniel Head, Samuel Head, Henry Moulton, Jno. Whipple, Wm. Hall, Jamiea Ottersen, Jr., Stephen Goodridge, Jno. Johnson, Joseph Whittier, Joseph Whittier, Jr., Joshua Abbott, Daniel Allen, Richard Straw, David Lakin, Henry Moulton, Luther Shattuck, Wm. Otterson, Winthrop Knight, John Welch, Benjamin Mitchell, Josiah George, Nath'l Mitchell, John Quimby, Joseph Brown, Enoa Ela, Wella Carter, James Oughterson, George A. Leuchlin, James Brown, Nathan Hawse, Joseph Hawse, Richard llead, Jehn Kimball, Simeon Bradford, Mark Whittier, John S. Wheeler, Jacob M. Farnum, Joseph Mitchell, Jaules Mitchell, Mroham Mitchell, James Page, Richard Davis, Jehn Prescott. Charles Flanders, Samuel Thompson, Israel Ela, Jr., John Jenness, Wm. Taggart, Jones Hacket, Jr., Jona, Moulton, Samuel Martin, Israel Ela, Jehn Head, Robert Brown, Isaac C. Otterson, Peter C. Rowell, Josiah Rowell, John Knox, Mathew Gault, Asa Gordon, Samuel Huston, Ezra Kimball, Roger Dutten, Joshua Martin, Jr., John M. Farnum, Henry Dutton, Elijah Celby."


We see, by producing the names of the signers of the above petition, who the principal residents were at the time the town was incorporated. It contained all the principal real estate owners, with the excep- tion of a few living in these parts who would not be di- rectly benefited. In the southeast part of the town a few inhabitants were indifferent to the matter, as they were, perhaps, as near Chester proper as they would be at Hooksett village. Hooksett village, as origi- nally located, was almost to the extreme limit in the northwest part of the town, which, fortunately, ac- commodated the major part of the population, and since the formation of the town, people in the remote sections have quite a distance to travel to do town business. For post-office accommodations and com- mercial transactions the people living contiguous to Manchester patronize that city. In the year of 1823 the following persons, residents in town, were assessed for taxes. It was the first inventory taken, and will show the complete family record in the whole town at that time, --


Richard H. Ayer, Joshua Abbott, Caleb Austin, David Abbott, Daniel Allen, Jamea Ayer, William Abbott, Dominicua Abbott, James Brown, John Bagley, Hiram Brown, Robert Brown, James Buntiu, Samuel Bell, Wd. Rachael Cochran, Clark Colby, Aaron Carter, Wells Carter, Josiah Celby, Walter Clay, John Clay, Jamea Calbert, Mosea Collins, Enoch F. Cleasby, Benjamin Cushing, Richard Davis, John Davis, Hazen Davis, Daniel Davie, Roger Dutton, Henry Dutton, Joshua Dus- tin, Israel Ela, Enos Ela, Daniel Ela, Stephen Eames, Jacob M. Far- num, William Farnum, Nathaniel Farnum, Moaes Furen, Frederick French, Stephen L. Goodridgh, Robert Gordon, Mathew Gault, Asa Gordon, Jessa, Gault, Joseph Glines, James W. Hubbard, Nathaniel Head, Samuel Head, William Hall, John Head, Richard Head, Nathan- ial Hill, Mosea Hill, Caleb Haarsey, Samuel Hearsey, Jamee Hacket, James Ilacket, Jr., Mosea Hacket, Nathan Hawse, Samuel Huston, James Hutchison, James Hawse, Benjamin Hill, Larberiah Heath, Thomas Johnson, Richard Quimby, John Quimby, Samuel Rowell, Joaiab Rowell, Peter C. Rowell, Jolin P. Rowell, Daniel Rowe, Levi Rowe, William Roach, Benjamin Ring, Nathaniel Rea, Benjamin Saw- yer, Abbott Saltmarsh, Thomas Saltmarsh, Daniel Straw, Daniel Sawyer, Thomas Sherman, Aaren Saltmarsh, Josiah Shipley, Hugh J. Taggart, William Taggart, Thomas R. Taggart, Samuel Thompson, Theodore Tarbex, John Whipple, Jeseph Whittier, Dearborn Whittier, James Whittier, Jr., William Wicom, Enoch G. Wicom, William Wella, Gilbert Walton, John S. Wheeler, William Wiggina, John Welch, Thomas Wicom, Danlel Young, Daniel Kittridge, Jehn Kimball, John C. Kim-




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