USA > New York > Allegany County > A Centennial Memorial History of Allegany county, New York > Part 25
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The diseases peculiar to the new country were largely fevers caused by the malaria evolved in "clearing" of land and consequent exposure of swales and marshes to evaporation. Along the Genesee river fever and ague were quite prevalent. Many cases of goitre were found along the river. Indeed Elisha Johnson, a very observing man, who in 1807 was employed to subdivide the Cottringer Tract, speaks of the Indians and some of the few white squatters as being afflicted with "swelled necks," which he ascribes to the "atmospherical conditions." Very much shade and but little exposure to sunlight, a very crooked stream with a proportionately large expanse of water surface, made heavy and lasting fogs. Under such conditions sickness prevailed and many found a grave. By the time the Genesee Valley canal was completed, say from 1840 to 1845, ague and its accompanying fever had measurably disappeared, but, upon the completion and opening of the canal, this disease re-appeared, and for a while was again quite prevalent for some time. It again appeared in quite a number of cases when the canal was "bottomed out " about 1850. A case of fever and ague is now seldom met with.
During the last half century the medical profession of Allegany has been represented by a multitude of practitioners, many of whom will only be remembered by name, while others have been so thoroughly identified with the growth and progress of our county, and been so devoted to the successful practice of their chosen profession as to become a part and parcel of its history. Among these, Drs. Stephen Maxson, Calvin Allen, H. H.
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Nye, John R. Hartshorn, Wm. M. Smith, H. H. Lyman, Wm. A. Stacy, Archibald Morris, John H. and Chas. W. Saunders, C. M. Crandall, A. E. Willard. It is presumed that other names should be added; the reader may supply them. The profession of medicine in Allegany still has " bright and shining lights " who rank in point of ability and proficiency fully up to the attainments of those of our sister counties.
ALLEGANY COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY .- It is a matter of regret that the records of the original Allegany County Medical Society have not been preserved. If fire has not consumed them they may yet be found in some dusty old attic among the cobwebs and accumulated dust of three-fourths of a century, long after this work has gone to press and all chance of profit- ing by the lights they would doubtless reveal has gone forever. Dr. A. E. Willard, the secretary of the present organization, has none of its records nor is he able to afford any information concerning it, and so the personal recollections of the late Dr. Stephen Maxson of Cuba, which were relied upon by the historians of 1879, afford the only glimpse we are able to get of the old society. He says that an Allegany County Medical Society existed as early as 1827, and Dr. Richard Charles was then its president, and Dr. Jonas Wellman of Friendship secretary. On its membership list were found the names of Drs. Lorenzo Dana, Jonas Wellman and Asa Lu Davidson of Frienship, Dr. G. B. Champlain of Cuba, Dr. John T. Hyde of Amity, Dr. Wm. A. Stacy of Centerville, Dr. S. H. Pratt of Hume, Drs. Collins and Cady of Alfred, Dr. Horatio Smith of Rushford, Dr. Gilmore of Nunda, Drs. Minard and Capron of Pike. Drs. Gregg and Faucet of Angelica, Dr. Wm. Smith of Rushford, Dr. Bell of Alfred and Dr. Stephen Maxson of Cuba were later members. Among those who served as president were, Dr. Richard Charles, Dr. Enoch K. Maxson, Dr. G. B. Champlain, Dr. Lorenzo Dana and Dr. Stephen Maxson.
The organization of the present society occurred at a meeting held at the Charles Hotel in Angelica, June 15, 1854, and attended by Richard Charles, Archibald Morris, H. H. Nye, Brayton Babcock, Charles D. Robin- son, Norman N. Smith, W. Byrns, E. M. Alba, H. H. Lyman, Matthias Bur- ton, John H. Saunders, C. M. Crandall, G. N. King, William B. Alley, A. B. Stewart, J. W. Black, William M. McCall. Dr. McCall presided and Dr. Alley was secretary. Drs. Richard Charles and E. M. Alba were appointed to draft a constitution and by-laws and the meeting adjourned to the 11th of July, 1854, when the constitution and by-laws were reported and adopted, and Dr. Richard Charles elected president, Dr. E. M. Alba, secretary, Dr. C. M. Crandall, treasurer, and Dr. W. Byrns, librarian. Hon. Lucien P. Wetherby was elected attorney and Drs. A. Morris, H. H. Nye, C. D. Robin- son, and N. M. Smith named as censors. Drs. William B. Alley, B. Bab- cock, G. N. King, J. H. Saunders and E. M. Alba, were appointed to prepare a "fee bill." At the next meeting (at Phillipsville, in September, 1854, ) the following was adopted:
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Whereas all kinds of produce and property necessary for the use of our families and prose- cution of our business have advanced very much in price during the last few years, and where- as, a corresponding advancement has taken place in all kinds of labor, it is deemed just and proper for this society to make a corresponding advance in the price of their services; more especially as the present prices are far below those of adjoining counties; therefore, Resolved, That this society adopt the following fee bill to take effect immediately:
Day visits in village, 50 to 75 cents; day visits over I and under 2 miles, $1; travel fees every additional mile, 25 cents, (night visits add 100 per cent.); Consultation visits, (travel fees extra) $2 to $5; Detention per hour, 25 to 50 cents; Prescription and medicine in office common case, 50 cents; Obstetric fees, natural labor not over twelve hours duration, $5, (over 3 miles from home travel fees extra); When arriving after birth of child and before expulsion of placenta, $4; When arriving after delivery complete, $2.50; Instrumental labor and turning, $10; Consultation, $5 to $10.
SURGICAL FEES .- Reducing fracture of thigh bone, $to to $20; All other fractures or dislocations, $5 to $10; Subsequent dressings, $1 to $3; Amputation of thigh or leg, $25 to $100; Amputation of arm or fore- arm, $20 to $25, All other amputations, $5 to $10, Ligation of arteries, $5 to $50; Trephining, $10 to $25; Operation for strabismus, $5 to $15; Excising both tonsils, $5; Paracentesis abdomen, $5; Paracentesis thoracis, $10; Operation for cure of hydrocele, $5; Reducing strangulated hernia by toxis, $2 to $5; Reducing strangu- lated hernia by cutting, $25; Larynxotomy and traucheotomy, $15; Amputation of breast, $25; Castration, $15; Extizpating tumors, $2 to $25; Removing hemorrhoids, $5 to $10; Rhinoplastic operation, $5 to $50; Lithotomy, $50; Club foot, $5 to $50; Consulting surgical cases, (traveling fees extra) $3 to $10; Assisting in surgical operation, $5 to 15: Introducing catheter, $1 to $2; Dressing wound in office, 50 cents to $5; Cupping 50 cents to $1; Leeching, $1 to $2; Venesection, 25 cents; Extracting tooth, 25 cents; Opening abscess, 25 cents to $2; Prescription and medicine in venereal cases (always in advance) $2 to $5.
"At the March (1855) meeting held at the Charles Hotel Angelica, Dr. William B. Alley delivered an address on the 'Prosperity and position of the medical profession in Allegany county,' Dr. Crandall related an interest- ing case of rupture of the uterus, Dr. Alba spoke of a case of monstrosity, and Pres. Charles delivered his annual address, subject, 'Quackery.' The June meeting in 1858 seems to have been a veritable 'red-letter' day. It was held at the residence of Dr. Wm. B. Alley in Angelica, Drs. Alba, Alley, Burton, Crandall, Davidson, Nye, Morris, Pearse, Parker, Purple, Smith, Sabin and Wylie with their wives were present. The president read an address, and after dinner a variety of toasts and speeches were offered and made by Drs. Crandall, Morris, Nye, Smith, Burr and others. Dr. Smith exhibited a very interesting pathological specimen of diseased stomach." These extracts from the "proceedings " have been made to give an idea of its purpose and work.
Meetings of the society were held quite regularly. Belmont, Belvidere, Friendship and Wellsville, besides Angelica, being visited. From June, 1859, to March, 1864, there appears no record of meetings. At the latter time a special meeting was held at Belvidere, steps taken towards a revision of the fee bill; and from that time (March, 1864,) a sort of Rip VanWinkle sleep seems to have come over the society and its members, which lasted until Jan. 15, 1873, when a special meeting was held at Belmont. The record of this meeting speaks of "President O. T. Stacy in the chair." Evidently some records have been lost. From 1873 the organization has been kept up, and, judging from the records, a good degree of interest excited and main- tained. Delegates are chosen to represent the society at the meetings of the State Medical Society held in Albany every winter.
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MEDICAL SOCIETIES AND PHYSICIANS.
The presidents have been: Drs. Richard Charles, 1854-4; C. M. Crandall, 1856-7; Archibald Morris, 1858-9; O. T. Stacy, 1872; Wm. M. Smith, 1873; Stephen Maxson, 1874; H. P. Saunders, 1875; J. H. Saunders, 1876; E. H. Willard, 1877; C. W. Saunders, 1878; W. W. Crandall, 1879; J. L. Cutler, 1880; H. H. Nye, 1881; Otis Allen, 1882; G. C. McNett, 1883; W. W. Crandall, 1884; M. B. Titus, 1885; M. E. VanDuzen, 1886; G. H. Witter, 1887; H. A. Place; 1888; F. C. Davie, 1889; Mark Shepard, 1890; C. C. Deming, 1891; H. A. Barney, 1892; J. W. Coller, 1893; Geo. E. Burdick, 1894; H. E. Cooley, 1895. The secretaries have been: Drs. E. M. Alba, 1854-59; C. W. Saun- ders, 1873; F, J. Baker, 1874-76; O. L. Barney, 1877-79; A. E. Willard, 1880- 95. The treasurers have been: Drs. C. M. Crandall, 1854-5; Archibald Morris, 1856-7; Wm. B. Alley, 1858-9; H. P. Saunders, 1873; F. J. Baker, 1874-6. From 1876 the offices of treasurer and secretary have been held by the same person. The attorneys have been: Lucien P Wetherby, 1854-5; Green & Kendall, 1856-7; Z. A. Kendall, 1858; D. P. Richardson, 1873-79; S. M. Norton, 1880-1; C. A. Farnam, 1882; F. A. Robbins. 1883; F. B. Church, 1884-88; S. M. Norton, 1889; Joseph F. Rice, 1890-95.
The society at present, as it has in the past, includes in its membership the wide-awake, enterprising, up-to-date practioners of the county. The members are: Otis Allen Cuba, H. A. Barney Belmont, C. R. Bowen Almond, George E. Burdick Alfred Station, J. W. Coller Wellsville, F. E. Comstock Andover, Mrs. A. M. Congdon Cuba, H. E. Cooley Angelica, W. W. Crandall Wellsville, A. J. Remington Whitesville, Dorr Cutler Bolivar, J. L. Cutler Bolivar, F. C. Davie Oneonta, C. C. Deming Friendship, H. F. Gillette Cuba, S. W. Green Richburg, W. I. Hewitt Olean, O. N. Latham Bolivar, G. C. Mc- Nett Bath, Charles W. O'Donnell Andover, H. A. Place Ceres, H. P. Saun- ders Alfred, Mark Sheppard Alfred, F. N. Smith Allentown, William M. Smith (Angelica) New York, C. R. Spencer Angelica, O. T. Stacy Rochester, T. S. Thomas Cuba, M. B. Titus Whitesville, W. F. Wells Rushford, J. P. Bixby Rushford, A. E. Willard Friendship, G. H. Witter Wellsville, C. N. Hammond Angelica, W. G. Mortimer Cuba, Fred T. Koyle Wellsville, E. W. Ayers Richburg, O. E. Burdick Little Genesee.
AMITY .- Dr. Ebenezer Hyde was the first physician. Succeeding him came Drs. Gorham, E. A. Potter, Andrews, Erastus Willard, Randall Reed (who had many students and doubtless a large practice), A. B. Case, Ben- jamin and John Norton, E. E. Hyde. Archibald Morris, C. G. Anderson, Andrew Stout, Francis N. Smith, Charles H. Sharp, A. L. Simons and wife, Dr. Brooks, James Hewitt, H. A. Barney, George McNett and others. E. E. Crandall (physio medico), I. P. Truman, W. K. Paul, W. J. Hardy have practiced homeopathic and C. B. Newton has used botanic remedies. *
Benjamin Norton, M. D., was born in 1819, at Easton, N. Y., was graduated from Castleton, Vt., Medical College, and practiced medicine over 40 years in Belmont. He held various offices, was county physician 15
* For above list we are indebted to Dr. E. E. Hyde.
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years, supervisor and postmaster at Belmont from 1890 till his death, Oct. 3, 1893.
John Norton, M. D., son of Francis, was born in Sandy Hill, Washington Co., Sept. 8, 1827. In 1832 his father moved to Allegany county, and settled at Amity. John Norton, after attendance at common schools, received the advantages of Alfred University, then studied medicine with Dr. Randall Reed of Amity. He was graduated at Cleveland (Ohio) Medical College in 1851 and settled first at Hinsdale, Catt. Co. In 1854 he located at Belmont where he died in 1887. He married Caroline, daughter of William Van Campen, who survives him.
Ebenezer E. Hyde, M. D., youngest son of Dr. Ebenezer the pioneer, was born May 7, 1814, in Amity. He read medicine with Dr. Richard Charles and Dr. James D. Norton, attended lectures at Castleton, Vt., and in 1850 located as a physician in Scio. For 20 years he enjoyed a large practice, then failing health induced him to return to Amity where he gave little attention to medical practice. He married a daughter of Ebenezer Norton. Among his children are James M., clerk of the surrogate's court since 1890.
Archibald Morris, M. D., son of Archibald Morris, Esq., was born in Scipio, Cayuga Co., May 7, 1819. His attention was attracted when but a youth to the brilliant private school conducted at Howard, Steuben Co., from 1833 by that distinguished surgeon Abijah B. Case, M. D., and he became a student there, concluding his studies, however, and graduating as M. D. at Castleton, Vt. In 1843 he commenced medical practice in Burns in connec- tion with Dr. Robinson, still diligently pursuing his studies. About 1844 he located in Belmont and became known as an able and most successful physi- cian, acquiring an extended practice. He was connected with various medi- cal organizations, and was at one time president of the Allegany County Medical Society. He married a daughter of Alvan E. Parker, of Belmont, and is survived by his widow, her children and grandchildren. He died in Belmont, January 26, 1866.
Charles G. Anderson, M. D., was born at Newfield, Tompkins Co., April 5, 1834. Educated at Ithaca Academy and Alfred University, he was grad- uated from Geneva Medical College in 1860, and located in Granger. He was in practice there and at Wellsville until 1879 when he established him- self in Belmont, his present residence. In 1860 Dr. Anderson married Alzina M. Haskins of Granger. Their son, James H., born 1863, is a druggist in Belmont in company with his father. Dr. Anderson is a member of the Allegany Co. Medical Society.
Edward E. Crandall, M. D., born in Chenango Co., N. Y., in 1829. (His father Asa settled in Ward in 1833.) He enlisted in Co. I, 85th Regt., and served 11 months as a soldier in the civil war. He graduated from Cincin- nati Medical College June 21, 1875, and located at Belmont in 1882.
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Lorenzo E. Norton was born in Belmont in 1848, a graduate from Belle- vue College in 1873, practiced a short time in Belmont, and removed to Michigan.
Herbert A. Barney, M. D., son of Alvin C. Barney, was born in West Union, N. Y., December 1, 1865. He was educated at Alfred University and at the University of Michigan, and received his degree of M. D. from the Long Island College Hospital. March 9, 1888. After spending some time in the hospitals of Brooklyn and New York, he located in Belmont where he has since practiced his profession. He is a member of the Allegany County Medical Society and has twice been elected to the office of Coroner. In 1888 he married Susie Evelyn, daughter of Daniel Ayers of Syracuse.
William J. Hardy, M. D., born October 22, 1861, in New Germantown, N. J., graduated at N. Y. Homeopathic Medical College and Hospital in April, 1889, and located in Belmont, June 10, 1889.
ANGELICA .- When Capt. Philip Church made his settlement at Angelica the nearest physician was Doctor Niles away off in Steuben county, probably at Bath. So he brought along a medicine chest, and a copy of "Buchan's Family Medicine," and, occasionally after special reading, he would deal out remedies to his afflicted neighbors. But the settlement of Dr. Ebenezer Hyde at Belvidere in 1804 knocked out the captain's medicine chest. He of course was the first doctor who visited patients in the town. It is said that Dr. Ellis, whoever he may have been, was the first physician who made a permanent settlement here. Quite likely there were others who practiced in Angelica from the time of Dr. Ellis until the coming of Dr. Charles, but it has not been revealed to the writer who they were, except that one was Dr. Southwick, the son-in-law of Major Van Campen.
The settlement of Dr. Richard Charles in Angelica in 1825 marked an era in the history of the medical profession in the county. He was so long, so generally and so favorably known by the many Alleganians to whom he became endeared by numberless acts of kindness, professionally and other- wise, that an extended sketch will be given. It is said that in hundreds of cases he made long journeys to visit families of poor pioneers, without the hope of fee or reward. His ears were never deaf to the appeals of the suffer- ing, nor his eyes closed to the visible wants of his fellow men. For nearly half a century he was a successful practitioner, and an ornament to the pro- fession. Had he been less liberal and kind hearted he might have amassed great wealth. His generous impulses prompted him to extend his aid and influence in support of those whom he deemed his friends, and twice he was compelled to commence the world anew, his means becoming exhausted in the payment of demands not his own, for which he had become holden. It was a satisfaction to his friends to know that, notwithstanding these reverses, his declining years were blessed with a competence. He was one of the founders, always a communicant, and for a long time a vestryman and warden of St. Paul's Church at Angelica. His death left a greatvoid in the
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ranks of the profession. "Dr. Richard Charles, M. D .* was a native of Bel- fast, Ireland, born May 24, 1800. He received his professional education at the medical departments of Dublin, Glasgow and New York City universities he took the degree of Doctor of Medicine at Glasgow, and his attendance at lectures in New York city was for the purpose of studying the idiom of diseases in this country, as well as to acquire the practice adapted to their treatment. He had experience in hospital practice before coming to this country. He was surgeon of the vessel that brought him to Quebec in 1821. From Quebec he came to Buffalo where he was taken sick with a protracted and dangerous fever, and, upon his recovery, he settled in Almond, and practiced in company with Dr. Burnham and afterwards with Dr. Asal E. Davidson. After three years passed in these co-partnerships, he removed to Angelica in 1825, and took the practice of Dr. Southwick. He remained in Angelica until his death in 1863 at 63 years of age. From the superiority of his professional acquirements he gained a large and extended practice, often being called to Buffalo to treat difficult cases of disease, and as far east as Elmira and Bath and to other neighboring and distant places in Western New York. His superior education and professional skill was a generally acknowledged fact. In his addresses and manners he was a typical gentle- man of the old school. He was a courageous and truthful practitioner, and had the admiration and confidence of his patients, as well as of the general public. He was a strong adherent of the code of ethics governing the moral conduct of his confreres to each other and to their patients, thereby main- taining a high standard for the scientific and philanthropic profession. He was a member of New York State Medical Society. He experienced the trials common to the near pioneer period of Western New York, but, with a strong physique and determined purpose, he was equal to the hard labor and dangers besetting men in that period of primitive forests, when the road- ways admitted of transportation on horseback only. He lived to see his adopted county of Allegany one of the foremost grazing counties in the state and an influential power in state and general politics, with several academies and a university of learning, dying at Angelica, April 24, 1863."
Dr. Charles D. Robinson practiced for a while in Angelica removing to Almond about 1847. He was an accomplished physician, afterward settling in Hornellsville, where he died.
Drs. Wallace and Bell were early physicians. Dr. Wm. S. Todd, home- opathist, was in practice here many years, and held in high esteem by many people. Drs. N. M. Smith, John Charles and Dr. Bemus later came, and Drs. Wm. B. Alley and E. M. Alba were here as long ago as 1854-5. Dr. Alley was elected county clerk in 1855, and he died in Nunda a few years ago, where he had later been in practice. Dr. Alba was a bright, energetic young man, who removed to Pennsylvania. Soon after the death of Dr Charles, Dr. Wm. M. Smith came to Angelica.
* By J. S. Jamison, M. D.
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William M. Smith, M. D., was born in Paterson, N. J., July 18, 1825. His father removed to Granger in 1830 and William, after graduating at "the peoples college " attended the old Middlebury Academy and the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary at Lima, N. Y. He taught school several terms. read medicine in Massachusetts and graduated at Castleton, Vt., Med- ical College in 1846. He began practice at Short Tract, but in five years re- moved to Cayuga county, remaining two years. thenreturned to Short Tract. He was chosen supervisor of Granger in 1856. and in November. 1856, was elected to the Assembly and was again elected in 1859. He was a delegate to the Republican National Convention of 1860, and in 1861 he recruited a company which became Company E. of the 85th N. Y. He was commis- sioned surgeon of the 85th, with rank from Oct. 1, 1861, served with the Army of the Potomac during Mcclellan's campaign, and May 2, 1863, was ap- pointed by the president to the regular army service. Imperative duties at home however compelled him to decline the appointment and resign his commission. Upon his return he removed to Angelica where he engaged in an extensive practice. January 1, 1873, he was commissioned surgeon gen- eral, with the rank of brigadier general, on the staff of Gov. Dix. March 24, 1880, he was appointed by Gov. A. B. Cornell, health officer of the port of New York, which position he filled with great credit and for a longer term than any other incumbent, holding the office for 12 years. He is now resid- ing in Brooklyn.
Dr. A. W. Smith a brother of Dr. Wm. M., was one of his immediate successors. A Dr. Van Dusen soon after practiced for a while, and a Dr. Mitchell, homeopathist. also Dr. W. K. Paul of the same school.
Dr. William S. Todd was born in Hyde Park, Dutchess county, July 12, 1819. He studied medicine with Drs. Coan and Bolton of Ovid. He was graduated at Hobart Medical College, Geneva, N. Y., in 1849. He practiced his profession in Angelica and died July 26, 1887. Myron A. Todd, M. D., son of Dr. William and Frances M. Todd, was born in Ovid, Feb. 11, 1847. He studied medicine with his father, was graduated from the Homeopathic Hospital College at Cleveland, Ohio, in 1876. He married Annie Ackerland, of Titusville, Pa., and now practices at Bradford, Pa.
Benjamin C. Wakely, M. D., son of H. H. Wakely, was born March 7, 1854. He was educated at Genesee Valley Seminary, Belfast, and Ten Broeck Academy, Franklinville, and at Buffalo University Medical College, where he was graduated in 1876, and located that year in Angelica, where he was in practice until 1891. when he removed to Hornellsville ..
About 1878-80 came Dr. Frank C. Davie, who was born in Bolivar in 1856, and graduated June 22, 1876, from the Long Island Medical College Hospital, previously studying and graduating in medicine at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Dr. Davie had a good practice, but two or three years ago removed to Oneonta.
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The three resident physicians of Angelica at present are comparatively young men, well equipped for their professional work, they are:
C. R. Spencer, M. D., who was born in Yates county, in 1861, re- ceived his education at the common schools and Genesee Wesleyan Seminary at Lima. He attended lectures at the medical department of the University at Buffalo, from which he graduated in 1891, and soon after located at An- gelica, where he has been physician to the county almshouse.
C. N. Hammond, M. D., was born at Leroy, Pa., August 17, 1848, of Eng- lish and Scotch-Irish extraction. The celebrated Dr. Wm. A. Hammond is a member of the same large family. Educated at the village school, he be- gan teaching at 18 and taught for 13 terms. He studied medicine later while he was a travelling salesman, attended the College of Physicians and Sur- geons of Baltimore, finishing at the University of New York in 1887. He is now vice president of the Allegany County Medical Society.
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